China’s ‘Gridlock’ May Slow Conversion to Clean Energy
Producer's Notes - Climate Watch: Unlocking the Grid
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But in \u003ca href=\"http://www.tecogen.com/2944109b-07d0-44c5-9ea7-48b71fa292b6/about-us-news-and-events-press-releases-detail.htm\">one building\u003c/a> in Greenwich Village, the lights stayed on and the heat kept working (and the building’s population doubled). That’s because, as University of Wisconsin engineering professor Thomas Jahns explained, that building had “its own miniature version of a utility grid”: a microgrid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Old Power Grid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trillions of watts of electricity used every year in the United States are delivered by just three huge power grids. The grids’ size and interconnectivity make electricity cheap and accommodate differences in supply and demand between different regions, but it also leaves the whole network vulnerable -- like the time a glitch in an Ohio control room caused a \u003ca href=\"http://boingboing.net/2012/08/03/blackout-whats-wrong-with-t.html\">$10 billion blackout \u003c/a>in the Northeast and parts of Canada. Or when a worker in Arizona accidentally tripped a power line, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/01/2011-blackout-in-san-diego_n_1468552.html\">power outage\u003c/a> swept from Southern California to Mexico. The number of major outages like these is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibtimes.com/aging-us-power-grid-blacks-out-more-any-other-developed-nation-1631086\">rising\u003c/a>, and because climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme Sandy-like storms, the problem is only going to get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the demands on the grid are climbing as its \u003ca href=\"http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/energy/\">aging infrastructure \u003c/a>is getting more and more fragile. The average U.S. power plant is 30 years old, and the average power line is 25 years old. Transformers that were only designed to last 40 years have been in service much longer. And even if all those elements were replaced, the grid in its current form was mostly designed in the first half of the twentieth century, when electricity was first a novelty, then a luxury. It was never intended to support a country dependent on air conditioning, computers, and millions of personal electronic devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A “Smarter” Option\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planning is underway to replace the aging U.S. power network with a new, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/03/22/what-is-the-smart-grid-anyway-video/\">“smart” grid\u003c/a>, one that’s energy efficient and flexible enough to handle variability in both supply and demand -- and one that can isolate electrical crises before they spread. Incorporating the communication and automation technologies that already facilitate so many other aspects of our lives should make the currently clunky grid much more responsive and efficient enough to save tens of billions of dollars every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Microgrids: A New Old Idea\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the elements of this reimagined grid is actually a recycled old idea: small, independent grids serving neighborhoods, hospitals, and even individual buildings. The key to a modern microgrid is the “smart” switch linking it to the main grid. These switches can respond automatically to the grid’s needs, opening or closing in less than a thirtieth of a second. When it’s connected to the main grid, the microgrid can draw extra power from the communal pool or return any extra energy back to it so that watts on either side of the switch don’t go to waste. But if the power goes out, the switch can open, severing the connection and keeping the outage from spreading. This gives microgrids flexibility that neither a single large grid nor isolated independent grids have on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71611\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8459-web-e1405705645771.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-71611\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8459-web-e1405705645771.jpg\" alt='This is the \"smart switch\" for the research microgrid at the Wisconsin Energy Institute. It can automatically isolate the microgrid from the main grid. Photo by Matt Wisniewski/WEI.' width=\"640\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8459-web-e1405705645771.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8459-web-e1405705645771-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the \"smart switch\" for the research microgrid at the Wisconsin Energy Institute. It can automatically isolate the microgrid from the main grid. Photo by Matt Wisniewski/WEI.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juggling Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“Really, it's a game-changer in a lot of different ways,” Jahns explained. One of the benefits of a microgrid is that its flexibility makes it easier to incorporate renewable energy sources, something that’s perennially tricky. “Renewables are great,” said Jahns, “but unfortunately, the sun goes up; the sun goes down. The wind blows; the wind doesn't blow. But we want to turn on a light switch and expect the light to come on all the time.” For a microgrid, there’s no problem. If it’s cloudy or windless, connecting to the main grid can make up the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Capturing Wasted Heat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Another major advantage of a microgrid is that it allows you to get much more out of the energy sources you’re using. “I don't think people realize just how much of the energy of a lump of coal -- or even from a nuclear power plant -- how much heat is wasted.” In fact, he said, if you’re turning 50 percent of the source energy into usable electricity, you’re doing well. The rest is lost as heat. In a compact microgrid, combined heat and power generators can recover some of that lost energy and put it to work, boosting energy efficiency from 50 to 80 percent. There’s not much else you can do to make efficiency skyrocket like that, Jahns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adapting to Changing Needs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.wisc.edu/annual-report/exploring-energy/WEI-Exploring-Energy-Microgrids.pdf\">microgrid\u003c/a> Jahn oversees at the university’s \u003ca href=\"https://energy.wisc.edu\">Wisconsin Energy Institute\u003c/a> is a cousin of the one that kept the Greenwich Village co-op out of trouble during Hurricane Sandy. This type of microgrid is particularly flexible because it seamlessly adjusts to new loads and new sources without needing a lot of expensive engineering on the front end. “Plug-and-play functionality and autonomous control, that’s the absolutely key part of it,” explained Bob Lasseter, an emeritus professor at UW who developed the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That easy adaptability could make microgrids even more appealing. If a business or a school knew that it wouldn’t have to rework its grid when it needed to add a new building or wanted to put in a solar panel, that might lower the entrance barrier to embracing new technology. These simple but endlessly modifiable microgrids could also be ideal for developing countries without energy infrastructure but with access to energy resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Road Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting utilities and governments on board with individual consumers supplying their own electricity -- at least part of the time -- won’t necessarily be easy everywhere. Even though microgrids are designed to interact with the main grid, the ability to produce and consume energy locally constitutes a fundamental change in the way we approach and pay for an integral and ubiquitous service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, look out there. What do you see?” Jahns asked, gesturing out the window. “You see power lines and lights. That's a lot of the infrastructure that we just kind of take for granted around us. And now we're talking about changing it in a significant way that is unlike anything that we've seen before. So that's kind of mind-boggling to imagine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71609\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-71609\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14.jpg\" alt=\"Graphic by Vicki Pierce/Wisconsin Public Television\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1056\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-1440x950.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic by Vicki Pierce/Wisconsin Public Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Microgrids, which can connect to the main grid but also have their own, independent energy supply, increase energy efficiency and keep expensive power outages from spreading. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442642973,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1139},"headData":{"title":"Microgrids: Electricity Goes Local | KQED","description":"Microgrids, which can connect to the main grid but also have their own, independent energy supply, increase energy efficiency and keep expensive power outages from spreading. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Microgrids: Electricity Goes Local","datePublished":"2014-07-23T17:00:30.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T06:09:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70383 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70383","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/07/23/microgrids-electricity-goes-local/","disqusTitle":"Microgrids: Electricity Goes Local","source":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/energy/","path":"/quest/70383/microgrids-electricity-goes-local","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Hurricane Sandy hit New York in 2012, most of lower Manhattan went dark, and it was almost two weeks before most of the power was restored. But in \u003ca href=\"http://www.tecogen.com/2944109b-07d0-44c5-9ea7-48b71fa292b6/about-us-news-and-events-press-releases-detail.htm\">one building\u003c/a> in Greenwich Village, the lights stayed on and the heat kept working (and the building’s population doubled). That’s because, as University of Wisconsin engineering professor Thomas Jahns explained, that building had “its own miniature version of a utility grid”: a microgrid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Old Power Grid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trillions of watts of electricity used every year in the United States are delivered by just three huge power grids. The grids’ size and interconnectivity make electricity cheap and accommodate differences in supply and demand between different regions, but it also leaves the whole network vulnerable -- like the time a glitch in an Ohio control room caused a \u003ca href=\"http://boingboing.net/2012/08/03/blackout-whats-wrong-with-t.html\">$10 billion blackout \u003c/a>in the Northeast and parts of Canada. Or when a worker in Arizona accidentally tripped a power line, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/01/2011-blackout-in-san-diego_n_1468552.html\">power outage\u003c/a> swept from Southern California to Mexico. The number of major outages like these is \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibtimes.com/aging-us-power-grid-blacks-out-more-any-other-developed-nation-1631086\">rising\u003c/a>, and because climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme Sandy-like storms, the problem is only going to get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the demands on the grid are climbing as its \u003ca href=\"http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/energy/\">aging infrastructure \u003c/a>is getting more and more fragile. The average U.S. power plant is 30 years old, and the average power line is 25 years old. Transformers that were only designed to last 40 years have been in service much longer. And even if all those elements were replaced, the grid in its current form was mostly designed in the first half of the twentieth century, when electricity was first a novelty, then a luxury. It was never intended to support a country dependent on air conditioning, computers, and millions of personal electronic devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A “Smarter” Option\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planning is underway to replace the aging U.S. power network with a new, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/03/22/what-is-the-smart-grid-anyway-video/\">“smart” grid\u003c/a>, one that’s energy efficient and flexible enough to handle variability in both supply and demand -- and one that can isolate electrical crises before they spread. Incorporating the communication and automation technologies that already facilitate so many other aspects of our lives should make the currently clunky grid much more responsive and efficient enough to save tens of billions of dollars every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Microgrids: A New Old Idea\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the elements of this reimagined grid is actually a recycled old idea: small, independent grids serving neighborhoods, hospitals, and even individual buildings. The key to a modern microgrid is the “smart” switch linking it to the main grid. These switches can respond automatically to the grid’s needs, opening or closing in less than a thirtieth of a second. When it’s connected to the main grid, the microgrid can draw extra power from the communal pool or return any extra energy back to it so that watts on either side of the switch don’t go to waste. But if the power goes out, the switch can open, severing the connection and keeping the outage from spreading. This gives microgrids flexibility that neither a single large grid nor isolated independent grids have on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71611\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8459-web-e1405705645771.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-71611\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8459-web-e1405705645771.jpg\" alt='This is the \"smart switch\" for the research microgrid at the Wisconsin Energy Institute. It can automatically isolate the microgrid from the main grid. Photo by Matt Wisniewski/WEI.' width=\"640\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8459-web-e1405705645771.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8459-web-e1405705645771-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the \"smart switch\" for the research microgrid at the Wisconsin Energy Institute. It can automatically isolate the microgrid from the main grid. Photo by Matt Wisniewski/WEI.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juggling Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“Really, it's a game-changer in a lot of different ways,” Jahns explained. One of the benefits of a microgrid is that its flexibility makes it easier to incorporate renewable energy sources, something that’s perennially tricky. “Renewables are great,” said Jahns, “but unfortunately, the sun goes up; the sun goes down. The wind blows; the wind doesn't blow. But we want to turn on a light switch and expect the light to come on all the time.” For a microgrid, there’s no problem. If it’s cloudy or windless, connecting to the main grid can make up the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Capturing Wasted Heat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Another major advantage of a microgrid is that it allows you to get much more out of the energy sources you’re using. “I don't think people realize just how much of the energy of a lump of coal -- or even from a nuclear power plant -- how much heat is wasted.” In fact, he said, if you’re turning 50 percent of the source energy into usable electricity, you’re doing well. The rest is lost as heat. In a compact microgrid, combined heat and power generators can recover some of that lost energy and put it to work, boosting energy efficiency from 50 to 80 percent. There’s not much else you can do to make efficiency skyrocket like that, Jahns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adapting to Changing Needs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.wisc.edu/annual-report/exploring-energy/WEI-Exploring-Energy-Microgrids.pdf\">microgrid\u003c/a> Jahn oversees at the university’s \u003ca href=\"https://energy.wisc.edu\">Wisconsin Energy Institute\u003c/a> is a cousin of the one that kept the Greenwich Village co-op out of trouble during Hurricane Sandy. This type of microgrid is particularly flexible because it seamlessly adjusts to new loads and new sources without needing a lot of expensive engineering on the front end. “Plug-and-play functionality and autonomous control, that’s the absolutely key part of it,” explained Bob Lasseter, an emeritus professor at UW who developed the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That easy adaptability could make microgrids even more appealing. If a business or a school knew that it wouldn’t have to rework its grid when it needed to add a new building or wanted to put in a solar panel, that might lower the entrance barrier to embracing new technology. These simple but endlessly modifiable microgrids could also be ideal for developing countries without energy infrastructure but with access to energy resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Road Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting utilities and governments on board with individual consumers supplying their own electricity -- at least part of the time -- won’t necessarily be easy everywhere. Even though microgrids are designed to interact with the main grid, the ability to produce and consume energy locally constitutes a fundamental change in the way we approach and pay for an integral and ubiquitous service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, look out there. What do you see?” Jahns asked, gesturing out the window. “You see power lines and lights. That's a lot of the infrastructure that we just kind of take for granted around us. And now we're talking about changing it in a significant way that is unlike anything that we've seen before. So that's kind of mind-boggling to imagine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71609\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-71609\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14.jpg\" alt=\"Graphic by Vicki Pierce/Wisconsin Public Television\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1056\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-1440x950.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Quest-Microgrid-1600x1056-7-17-14-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic by Vicki Pierce/Wisconsin Public Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70383/microgrids-electricity-goes-local","authors":["10441"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_984","quest_987","quest_12269","quest_12945","quest_2271","quest_12355","quest_2409","quest_2662"],"featImg":"quest_71608","label":"source_quest_70383"},"quest_47196":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_47196","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"47196","score":null,"sort":[1353114732000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"china%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%98gridlock%e2%80%99-may-slow-conversion-to-clean-energy","title":"China’s ‘Gridlock’ May Slow Conversion to Clean Energy","publishDate":1353114732,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Sustainable China | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11609,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Similar challenges could confront California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47201\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/16/china%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%98gridlock%e2%80%99-may-slow-conversion-to-clean-energy/china_grid_sm/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-47201\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-47201\" title=\"China_grid_sm\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/China_grid_sm-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The source of China's electricity--largely coal-fired power plants--is also a major reason for its poor air quality. (Photo: Marjorie Sun)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As recent events on the East Coast have graphically shown, the “grid” that provides our electricity can be a fragile thing. Building a modern, more resilient version will cost hundreds of billions of dollars—but most agree it’s essential to a cleaner, more energy-efficient future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a challenge confronting California and the nation—as well as other nations—notably China, where the aging grid is already proving to be an obstacle to “greening” that nation’s energy production.\u003cbr>\nThe country plans to spend $530 billion dollars to revolutionize the way its electricity is distributed. But one of China’s main technical challenges, it turns out, is not all that different than what we face here in the U.S: how to integrate renewable energy, like wind and solar power, into a new electric grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China’s Energy Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s Sunday afternoon in Shanghai at a store called Suning. It’s one of China’s biggest chains for appliances. It brims with the latest models of rice cookers, refrigerators and more.\u003cbr>\nTina Wong, a property manager, is shopping for an air conditioner to replace her old Toshiba. I ask her what kind of air conditioner she’s looking for. “Big one,” Wong says. “I have one too small like this -- not good enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, in essence, is one of China’s biggest energy challenges today. There are millions more Chinese like Tina who are plugging in appliances typical of a Western lifestyle. This exploding consumerism -- plus the construction of new high-rises, like many in Shanghai, and new factories -- has intensified the nation’s thirst for electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China’s Massive New Infrastructure Project: A New Grid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to satisfy this soaring need, China’s main state-owned utility has launched a monumental infrastructure project to build a “strong, smart grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the ‘strong’ really refers to the high-voltage system,” says Matt Lecar. He’s a grid expert at GE in San Francisco and a consultant to the China Electric Power Research Institute. “They've actually put a lot of investment into creating kind of a national backbone infrastructure, which is something we don't have in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a backbone formed by building six ultra-high-voltage transmission lines crisscrossing the country. They will carry the highest alternating current in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chivas Lam, a partner at Qiming Venture Capital in Shanghai, says, “The majority of the resources -- the coal, the natural gas, the hydro -- is in the western or central part of China, while the load center is on the east coast, primarily.” That means electrons have to travel up to a thousand miles or more. “So obviously,” Lam says, “the better way is to generate the power locally rather than shipping or transporting coal and then using the electricity transmission network to transmit the power to the end user.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by doing so, conserve natural resources, cut pollution, shrink the country’s carbon emissions and improve energy efficiency. The new smart grid will significantly boost the use of wind and solar power to generate electricity. It’s part of China’s plan to get 11 percent of its energy from non-fossil fuels by 2015 and cut down its dependence on coal, by far its main source of power -- and of its air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Problems Integrating Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But integrating China’s new wind power capacity into the grid has been problematic. Wind farm construction here has so outpaced the grid build-out that nearly a quarter of China’s turbines stand idle because they’re not yet connected to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s utilities ran into another huge problem last year. Tom Pellman, a policy advisor for Vestas Wind Systems in Beijing describes, “a series of large grid accidents in which a power line failure caused hundreds of wind turbines to suddenly trip off the grid and stop producing energy.” The accidents led to a major shift in planning for the grid, focusing more effort on how to make the system smarter and more resilient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Smart Part of the Grid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of a smart grid is through more sensors, more controls downstream, to have tighter control, to be able to deliver the right energy to the right places at the right time,” says GE’s Lecar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among these “sensors and controls” are “smart” meters, digital electric meters that have stirred opposition in parts of California where critics allege safety and privacy problems. While U.S. utilities are aiming to install 15 million smart meters by 2015, China claims to have already deployed more than three times that many. Foreign businesses are vying for a slice of the action. This year, Bay Area-based companies, including Echelon and Glen Canyon, have formed partnerships with Chinese firms to develop more products, including smart meters, for this giant market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China’s Race To Power\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Beijing subway car, an old man in threadbare clothing plays a traditional Chinese stringed instrument for money as he weaves through a crowd of other Chinese, texting on their smartphones and listening to iPods. It’s a snapshot of a complex challenge in China’s race to power; millions of poor Chinese and the expanding middle class here are all part of a populace hungry for a more modern lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s new “smarter, stronger” grid is scheduled to be up and running by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California and China share the challenge of updating their power grids for the new age of clean energy. But China's task would appear to be--um--bigger.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367348475,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":991},"headData":{"title":"China’s ‘Gridlock’ May Slow Conversion to Clean Energy | KQED","description":"California and China share the challenge of updating their power grids for the new age of clean energy. But China's task would appear to be--um--bigger.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"China’s ‘Gridlock’ May Slow Conversion to Clean Energy","datePublished":"2012-11-17T01:12:12.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T19:01:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"47196 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=47196","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/16/china%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%98gridlock%e2%80%99-may-slow-conversion-to-clean-energy/","disqusTitle":"China’s ‘Gridlock’ May Slow Conversion to Clean Energy","path":"/quest/47196/china%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%98gridlock%e2%80%99-may-slow-conversion-to-clean-energy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Similar challenges could confront California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47201\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/16/china%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%98gridlock%e2%80%99-may-slow-conversion-to-clean-energy/china_grid_sm/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-47201\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-47201\" title=\"China_grid_sm\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/China_grid_sm-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The source of China's electricity--largely coal-fired power plants--is also a major reason for its poor air quality. (Photo: Marjorie Sun)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As recent events on the East Coast have graphically shown, the “grid” that provides our electricity can be a fragile thing. Building a modern, more resilient version will cost hundreds of billions of dollars—but most agree it’s essential to a cleaner, more energy-efficient future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a challenge confronting California and the nation—as well as other nations—notably China, where the aging grid is already proving to be an obstacle to “greening” that nation’s energy production.\u003cbr>\nThe country plans to spend $530 billion dollars to revolutionize the way its electricity is distributed. But one of China’s main technical challenges, it turns out, is not all that different than what we face here in the U.S: how to integrate renewable energy, like wind and solar power, into a new electric grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China’s Energy Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s Sunday afternoon in Shanghai at a store called Suning. It’s one of China’s biggest chains for appliances. It brims with the latest models of rice cookers, refrigerators and more.\u003cbr>\nTina Wong, a property manager, is shopping for an air conditioner to replace her old Toshiba. I ask her what kind of air conditioner she’s looking for. “Big one,” Wong says. “I have one too small like this -- not good enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, in essence, is one of China’s biggest energy challenges today. There are millions more Chinese like Tina who are plugging in appliances typical of a Western lifestyle. This exploding consumerism -- plus the construction of new high-rises, like many in Shanghai, and new factories -- has intensified the nation’s thirst for electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China’s Massive New Infrastructure Project: A New Grid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to satisfy this soaring need, China’s main state-owned utility has launched a monumental infrastructure project to build a “strong, smart grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the ‘strong’ really refers to the high-voltage system,” says Matt Lecar. He’s a grid expert at GE in San Francisco and a consultant to the China Electric Power Research Institute. “They've actually put a lot of investment into creating kind of a national backbone infrastructure, which is something we don't have in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a backbone formed by building six ultra-high-voltage transmission lines crisscrossing the country. They will carry the highest alternating current in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chivas Lam, a partner at Qiming Venture Capital in Shanghai, says, “The majority of the resources -- the coal, the natural gas, the hydro -- is in the western or central part of China, while the load center is on the east coast, primarily.” That means electrons have to travel up to a thousand miles or more. “So obviously,” Lam says, “the better way is to generate the power locally rather than shipping or transporting coal and then using the electricity transmission network to transmit the power to the end user.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by doing so, conserve natural resources, cut pollution, shrink the country’s carbon emissions and improve energy efficiency. The new smart grid will significantly boost the use of wind and solar power to generate electricity. It’s part of China’s plan to get 11 percent of its energy from non-fossil fuels by 2015 and cut down its dependence on coal, by far its main source of power -- and of its air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Problems Integrating Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But integrating China’s new wind power capacity into the grid has been problematic. Wind farm construction here has so outpaced the grid build-out that nearly a quarter of China’s turbines stand idle because they’re not yet connected to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s utilities ran into another huge problem last year. Tom Pellman, a policy advisor for Vestas Wind Systems in Beijing describes, “a series of large grid accidents in which a power line failure caused hundreds of wind turbines to suddenly trip off the grid and stop producing energy.” The accidents led to a major shift in planning for the grid, focusing more effort on how to make the system smarter and more resilient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Smart Part of the Grid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of a smart grid is through more sensors, more controls downstream, to have tighter control, to be able to deliver the right energy to the right places at the right time,” says GE’s Lecar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among these “sensors and controls” are “smart” meters, digital electric meters that have stirred opposition in parts of California where critics allege safety and privacy problems. While U.S. utilities are aiming to install 15 million smart meters by 2015, China claims to have already deployed more than three times that many. Foreign businesses are vying for a slice of the action. This year, Bay Area-based companies, including Echelon and Glen Canyon, have formed partnerships with Chinese firms to develop more products, including smart meters, for this giant market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China’s Race To Power\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Beijing subway car, an old man in threadbare clothing plays a traditional Chinese stringed instrument for money as he weaves through a crowd of other Chinese, texting on their smartphones and listening to iPods. It’s a snapshot of a complex challenge in China’s race to power; millions of poor Chinese and the expanding middle class here are all part of a populace hungry for a more modern lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s new “smarter, stronger” grid is scheduled to be up and running by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/47196/china%e2%80%99s-%e2%80%98gridlock%e2%80%99-may-slow-conversion-to-clean-energy","authors":["10391"],"series":["quest_11609"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_8"],"tags":["quest_582","quest_11518","quest_2271","quest_2409","quest_2665"],"featImg":"quest_47201","label":"quest_11609"},"quest_3363":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_3363","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"3363","score":null,"sort":[1251223775000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-climate-watch-unlocking-the-grid","title":"Producer's Notes - Climate Watch: Unlocking the Grid","publishDate":1251223775,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Last summer I visited the Netherlands, the original home of the windmill. Surprisingly, I saw hardly any of the quaint structures we associate with Dutch wind power. One hundred years ago Holland had about 10,000\u003ca href=\"http://us.holland.com/e/14264/Windmills%20at%20Kinderdijk.php\"> wooden windmills\u003c/a> dotting its landscape. Today, barely 10% remain. What I saw instead were high tech wind turbines, white and spare and gracefully generating electricity with wind from the North Sea. Many view these modern day towers as an eyesore, but I see them as a sign of hope. Like giant flowers across a landscape, they symbolize for me a clean energy future. But wind power, and solar, have a handicap that fuels claims that renewables will never be more than a small percentage of U.S. power. These energy sources can't be counted on when night falls or the wind subsides. Their inconsistent and therefore unreliable nature poses a problem for a world with an enormous appetite for electricity. If only excess power could be stored on a grand scale, it might solve many of our energy problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It isn't that electrical energy isn't currently storable, but as Andrew Tang, Senior Director of PG&E’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/smartmeter/\">Smart Meter\u003c/a> program points out, the current generation of batteries can’t store electricity at a price that's cost effective. But both he and Steve Berberich from \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/\">California System Operators\u003c/a> were optimistic about future storage possibilities. Tang described an experimental project that uses a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-sulfur_battery\">sodium sulfur battery\u003c/a> the size of an 18-wheeler trailer. The battery would be located next to a substation, or somewhere in the network, and its stored power would be used during times of peak demand. He also talked about the future of plug-in electric cars whose batteries could both store energy and in theory put it back onto the grid when the car's not in use. Steve Berberich envisioned several possibilities for storing excess power. He proposed converting it to hydrogen, which could be burned in a gas plant or could be used in a fuel cell. And he suggested using power to compress air, which could be injected into the ground and called upon when the wind's not blowing and the sun’s not shining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the final solution to storage, you can guarantee it will be a game changer in the renewable power industry. No longer will wind and solar be looked upon as unreliable. Hopefully this missing puzzle piece will go a long way towards helping us detach from our dependence on fossil fuels. But we’ll still be left with the challenge of getting all that clean, green energy onto the power grid. And you can be sure that environmental concerns, zoning, aesthetics, and cost will undoubtedly be cantankerous issues for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Last summer I visited the Netherlands, the original home of the windmill. Surprisingly, I saw hardly any of the quaint structures we associate with Dutch wind power. One hundred years ago Holland had about 10,000 wooden windmills dotting its landscape. Today, barely 10% remain.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457743263,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":470},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes - Climate Watch: Unlocking the Grid | KQED","description":"Last summer I visited the Netherlands, the original home of the windmill. Surprisingly, I saw hardly any of the quaint structures we associate with Dutch wind power. One hundred years ago Holland had about 10,000 wooden windmills dotting its landscape. Today, barely 10% remain.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes - Climate Watch: Unlocking the Grid","datePublished":"2009-08-25T18:09:35.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-12T00:41:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"3363 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=3363","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/08/25/producers-notes-climate-watch-unlocking-the-grid/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes - Climate Watch: Unlocking the Grid","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvuWe-qen3w","path":"/quest/3363/producers-notes-climate-watch-unlocking-the-grid","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last summer I visited the Netherlands, the original home of the windmill. Surprisingly, I saw hardly any of the quaint structures we associate with Dutch wind power. One hundred years ago Holland had about 10,000\u003ca href=\"http://us.holland.com/e/14264/Windmills%20at%20Kinderdijk.php\"> wooden windmills\u003c/a> dotting its landscape. Today, barely 10% remain. What I saw instead were high tech wind turbines, white and spare and gracefully generating electricity with wind from the North Sea. Many view these modern day towers as an eyesore, but I see them as a sign of hope. Like giant flowers across a landscape, they symbolize for me a clean energy future. But wind power, and solar, have a handicap that fuels claims that renewables will never be more than a small percentage of U.S. power. These energy sources can't be counted on when night falls or the wind subsides. Their inconsistent and therefore unreliable nature poses a problem for a world with an enormous appetite for electricity. If only excess power could be stored on a grand scale, it might solve many of our energy problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It isn't that electrical energy isn't currently storable, but as Andrew Tang, Senior Director of PG&E’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/smartmeter/\">Smart Meter\u003c/a> program points out, the current generation of batteries can’t store electricity at a price that's cost effective. But both he and Steve Berberich from \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/\">California System Operators\u003c/a> were optimistic about future storage possibilities. Tang described an experimental project that uses a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-sulfur_battery\">sodium sulfur battery\u003c/a> the size of an 18-wheeler trailer. The battery would be located next to a substation, or somewhere in the network, and its stored power would be used during times of peak demand. He also talked about the future of plug-in electric cars whose batteries could both store energy and in theory put it back onto the grid when the car's not in use. Steve Berberich envisioned several possibilities for storing excess power. He proposed converting it to hydrogen, which could be burned in a gas plant or could be used in a fuel cell. And he suggested using power to compress air, which could be injected into the ground and called upon when the wind's not blowing and the sun’s not shining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the final solution to storage, you can guarantee it will be a game changer in the renewable power industry. No longer will wind and solar be looked upon as unreliable. Hopefully this missing puzzle piece will go a long way towards helping us detach from our dependence on fossil fuels. But we’ll still be left with the challenge of getting all that clean, green energy onto the power grid. And you can be sure that environmental concerns, zoning, aesthetics, and cost will undoubtedly be cantankerous issues for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/3363/producers-notes-climate-watch-unlocking-the-grid","authors":["10208"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_86","quest_621","quest_638","quest_687","quest_800","quest_937","quest_954","quest_984","quest_994","quest_13198","quest_1134","quest_1206","quest_1266","quest_1267","quest_1276","quest_1424","quest_1737","quest_1964","quest_2144","quest_2175","quest_2270","quest_2271","quest_2272","quest_2368","quest_2411","quest_2662","quest_2663","quest_2709","quest_2847","quest_2893","quest_2981","quest_3057","quest_3166","quest_3167","quest_3168","quest_3170"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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