Century-Old Battle Over Yosemite's 'Second Valley' Heats Up
Hetch Hetchy: Will We Do the Anthropocene Thing?
Gigapans: Panoramas that Bring You All the Way There
National Parks Could Close
Tiny Lichen Point to Bigger Pollution Problems in Yosemite
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In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"},"dannastaaf":{"type":"authors","id":"6324","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6324","found":true},"name":"Danna Staaf","firstName":"Danna","lastName":"Staaf","slug":"dannastaaf","email":"dannajoy@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Danna Staaf is a marine biologist, science writer, novelist, artist, and educator. She holds a PhD in Squid Babies from Stanford and a BA in Biology from the College of Creative Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She helped found the outreach program \u003ca href=\"http://gilly.stanford.edu/outreach.html\">Squids4Kids\u003c/a>, illustrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.thegamecrafter.com/games/the-game-of-science\">The Game of Science\u003c/a>, and blogs at \u003ca href=\"http://www.science20.com/squid_day\">Science 2.0\u003c/a>. She lives in San Jose with her husband, daughter, and cats.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/62085c2562a0b91949bfd6ff7548082e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Danna Staaf | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/62085c2562a0b91949bfd6ff7548082e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/62085c2562a0b91949bfd6ff7548082e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dannastaaf"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_45795":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_45795","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"45795","score":null,"sort":[1349794858000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time","title":"Saving Bighorn Sheep, One Mural At a Time","publishDate":1349794858,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/bighorns/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45798\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45798\" title=\"bighorns\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns.jpg\" alt=\"Bighorn skulls at the Bone Room show\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep skulls at the Bone Room Presents - Jane Kim\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep are animals worth seeing. With their bright white rumps and the rams' remarkable headgear, they bound and leap over seemingly impassable alpine terrain. But you may have a tricky time spotting one--there are only about four hundred in existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45799\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/ram_dfg/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45799\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-45799\" title=\"ram_dfg\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/ram_dfg-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dramatic ram\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep ram being dramatic - California DFG\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A variety of factors have conspired to place this subspecies of bighorn on the Endangered Species List, but the most devastating is disease. Any contact with domestic sheep can lead to runaway outbreaks of scabies and pneumonia, infections for which the bighorns have no natural immunity. Their population low was about 125 animals in 1999--so today’s 400 is actually encouraging, if still too few for most hikers catch a glimpse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's one place you will soon be guaranteed to see a bighorn. On Highway 395 in the town of Independence, starting on October 23rd, artist \u003ca title=\"Jane Kim - Ink-Dwell\" href=\"http://ink-dwell.com/#about-ink-dwell\">Jane Kim\u003c/a> will paint the growth stages of a ram on the side of the \u003ca title=\"Mt. Williamson Motel\" href=\"http://www.mtwilliamsonmotel.com/\">Mt. Williamson Motel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/honeycreepers/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45800\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-45800\" title=\"Honeycreepers\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Honeycreepers-280x360.jpg\" alt=\"Honeycreepers by Jane Kim\" width=\"280\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hawaiian Honeycreepers, for the new edition of the Handbook of Bird Biology - Jane Kim\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim's background is in fine art--she holds a BFA from the \u003ca title=\"Rhode Island School of Design\" href=\"http://www.risd.edu/\">Rhode Island School of Design\u003c/a>--but in 2010 she re-invented herself with the \u003ca title=\"Science Illustration Program\" href=\"http://scienceillustration.org/\">Science Illustration Program\u003c/a> at CSUMB. \"I was a little intimidated that I didn't have any background in science at all,\" she confesses. \"But I always, always, \u003cem>always\u003c/em> loved, loved, \u003cem>loved\u003c/em> the natural world.\" This enthusiasm, along with her considerable artistic skill, has helped Kim land numerous commissions, from illustrating a new fish species to contributing to the \u003ca title=\"Cornell Lab - Handbook of Bird Biology\" href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/homestudy/handbook-of-bird-biology\">Handbook of Bird Biology\u003c/a>. These pieces are currently on display at the \u003ca title=\"Bone Room Presents\" href=\"http://www.boneroompresents.com/\">Bone Room Presents\u003c/a> in Berkeley, though the focus of the show is the artist's work on bighorn sheep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim fell in love with Sierra Nevada bighorns during an internship at Yosemite National Park. Shortly afterward, she had the idea of painting them as murals and began to investigate possible sites. \"I got a lot of no's,\" she says. Finally she found an abandoned garage in Independence, and walked into a motel across the street to ask about it. When she explained her project, she says, the motel owner gasped, \"Oh, the mountain sheep, they're so important! You must paint the mural \u003cem>here\u003c/em>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45801\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 223px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/img_2110-144_edited/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45801\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-45801\" title=\"IMG_2110-144_edited\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/IMG_2110-144_edited-223x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sheep butts and artist\" width=\"223\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"One of my favorite features of bighorn sheep are their butts.\" Artist Jane Kim with her piece Leaps and Bounds.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So Mt. Williamson Motel became the location for the first mural, and Kim put up a \u003ca title=\"Migrating Mural - Kickstarter\" href=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/45369568/the-migrating-mural\">Kickstarter project\u003c/a> to fund it. Amazingly, she raised $20,000 in a matter of days. In the two weeks left before the project's deadline, she hopes to continue raising money for the other three murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painting the side of a building is quite an artistic accomplishment, but that's not enough for Kim. \"Science illustration gives the art another layer of purpose, of meaning,\" she says. The bighorn murals are meant to introduce viewers to this little-known animal and gain a broader base of support for their \u003ca title=\"Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Foundation\" href=\"http://sierrabighorn.org/\">ongoing conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you find yourself in the Sierras, scan the high, open, rocky areas for one of the world's four hundred Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. If you don't see any, you can console yourself by driving by one of the Migrating Murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just \u003ca title=\"Jane Kim - Opening Night\" href=\"http://vimeo.com/51040437\">visit the Bone Room\u003c/a>, where Kim's sheep and other artwork will be on display until October 30th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://player.vimeo.com/video/51040437]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/51040437\">Opening Night!\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/user7994536\">Jane Kim\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep are animals worth seeing. With their bright white rumps and the rams' remarkable headgear, they bound and leap over seemingly impassable alpine terrain. But you may have a tricky time spotting one–there are only about four hundred in existence.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753335,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":606},"headData":{"title":"Saving Bighorn Sheep, One Mural At a Time | KQED","description":"Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep are animals worth seeing. With their bright white rumps and the rams' remarkable headgear, they bound and leap over seemingly impassable alpine terrain. But you may have a tricky time spotting one–there are only about four hundred in existence.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"45795 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=45795","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/","disqusTitle":"Saving Bighorn Sheep, One Mural At a Time","path":"/quest/45795/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/bighorns/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45798\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45798\" title=\"bighorns\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns.jpg\" alt=\"Bighorn skulls at the Bone Room show\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/bighorns-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep skulls at the Bone Room Presents - Jane Kim\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep are animals worth seeing. With their bright white rumps and the rams' remarkable headgear, they bound and leap over seemingly impassable alpine terrain. But you may have a tricky time spotting one--there are only about four hundred in existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45799\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/ram_dfg/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45799\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-45799\" title=\"ram_dfg\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/ram_dfg-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dramatic ram\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep ram being dramatic - California DFG\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A variety of factors have conspired to place this subspecies of bighorn on the Endangered Species List, but the most devastating is disease. Any contact with domestic sheep can lead to runaway outbreaks of scabies and pneumonia, infections for which the bighorns have no natural immunity. Their population low was about 125 animals in 1999--so today’s 400 is actually encouraging, if still too few for most hikers catch a glimpse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's one place you will soon be guaranteed to see a bighorn. On Highway 395 in the town of Independence, starting on October 23rd, artist \u003ca title=\"Jane Kim - Ink-Dwell\" href=\"http://ink-dwell.com/#about-ink-dwell\">Jane Kim\u003c/a> will paint the growth stages of a ram on the side of the \u003ca title=\"Mt. Williamson Motel\" href=\"http://www.mtwilliamsonmotel.com/\">Mt. Williamson Motel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/honeycreepers/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45800\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-45800\" title=\"Honeycreepers\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Honeycreepers-280x360.jpg\" alt=\"Honeycreepers by Jane Kim\" width=\"280\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hawaiian Honeycreepers, for the new edition of the Handbook of Bird Biology - Jane Kim\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim's background is in fine art--she holds a BFA from the \u003ca title=\"Rhode Island School of Design\" href=\"http://www.risd.edu/\">Rhode Island School of Design\u003c/a>--but in 2010 she re-invented herself with the \u003ca title=\"Science Illustration Program\" href=\"http://scienceillustration.org/\">Science Illustration Program\u003c/a> at CSUMB. \"I was a little intimidated that I didn't have any background in science at all,\" she confesses. \"But I always, always, \u003cem>always\u003c/em> loved, loved, \u003cem>loved\u003c/em> the natural world.\" This enthusiasm, along with her considerable artistic skill, has helped Kim land numerous commissions, from illustrating a new fish species to contributing to the \u003ca title=\"Cornell Lab - Handbook of Bird Biology\" href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/homestudy/handbook-of-bird-biology\">Handbook of Bird Biology\u003c/a>. These pieces are currently on display at the \u003ca title=\"Bone Room Presents\" href=\"http://www.boneroompresents.com/\">Bone Room Presents\u003c/a> in Berkeley, though the focus of the show is the artist's work on bighorn sheep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim fell in love with Sierra Nevada bighorns during an internship at Yosemite National Park. Shortly afterward, she had the idea of painting them as murals and began to investigate possible sites. \"I got a lot of no's,\" she says. Finally she found an abandoned garage in Independence, and walked into a motel across the street to ask about it. When she explained her project, she says, the motel owner gasped, \"Oh, the mountain sheep, they're so important! You must paint the mural \u003cem>here\u003c/em>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45801\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 223px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/09/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time/img_2110-144_edited/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-45801\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-45801\" title=\"IMG_2110-144_edited\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/IMG_2110-144_edited-223x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sheep butts and artist\" width=\"223\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"One of my favorite features of bighorn sheep are their butts.\" Artist Jane Kim with her piece Leaps and Bounds.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So Mt. Williamson Motel became the location for the first mural, and Kim put up a \u003ca title=\"Migrating Mural - Kickstarter\" href=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/45369568/the-migrating-mural\">Kickstarter project\u003c/a> to fund it. Amazingly, she raised $20,000 in a matter of days. In the two weeks left before the project's deadline, she hopes to continue raising money for the other three murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painting the side of a building is quite an artistic accomplishment, but that's not enough for Kim. \"Science illustration gives the art another layer of purpose, of meaning,\" she says. The bighorn murals are meant to introduce viewers to this little-known animal and gain a broader base of support for their \u003ca title=\"Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Foundation\" href=\"http://sierrabighorn.org/\">ongoing conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you find yourself in the Sierras, scan the high, open, rocky areas for one of the world's four hundred Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. If you don't see any, you can console yourself by driving by one of the Migrating Murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just \u003ca title=\"Jane Kim - Opening Night\" href=\"http://vimeo.com/51040437\">visit the Bone Room\u003c/a>, where Kim's sheep and other artwork will be on display until October 30th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/51040437\">Opening Night!\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/user7994536\">Jane Kim\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/45795/saving-bighorn-sheep-one-mural-at-a-time","authors":["6324"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_216","quest_326","quest_684","quest_3351","quest_11459","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_11080","quest_11522","quest_3201"],"featImg":"quest_45798","label":"quest"},"quest_45692":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_45692","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"45692","score":null,"sort":[1349453448000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up","title":"Century-Old Battle Over Yosemite's 'Second Valley' Heats Up","publishDate":1349453448,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When San Francisco voters head to the polls in a few weeks, they’ll be weighing in on one of California’s oldest environmental battles. A large part of San Francisco’s water supply is stored inside a national park – in a reservoir built in Yosemite’s Hetch Hetchy Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists all the way back to John Muir have called on the city to store its water elsewhere so the valley can be restored. A November ballot measure would require the city to develop a plan to do that. But the battle over Hetch Hetchy is just as fierce today as it was a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s evident when you drive up to the entrance booth in Yosemite National Park on your way to Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. The ranger hands you a brochure from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission that reads: “20th century engineering marvel. Hetch Hetchy Reservoir is the keystone of this clean, efficient water and power delivery system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why would a city agency pass out promotional pamphlets about a reservoir? Probably to respond to people like Mike Marshall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This belongs to the American people. And what we can do – what San Francisco can be leaders in is draining this and bringing this incredible place back to life,” says Marshall, director of Restore Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group has a singular goal: drain the reservoir and make the valley a second Yosemite Valley. And for the first time in decades, that goal is in reach. Measure F on the San Francisco ballot would require the public utilities commission to draw up a plan, at the cost of $8 million, for draining the reservoir and finding new water storage. In 2016, that plan would go before San Francisco voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45701\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/HetchHistoric.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45701\" title=\"HetchHistoric\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/HetchHistoric.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Valley in 1906. Photo: USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We thought ‘what a great debate to have.’ Now that we know what we know, should we revisit a decision 100 years ago that had huge environmental consequences?” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of a Valley Turned Reservoir\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite was already a national park when San Francisco went looking for a reliable water supply a century ago. The idea for a new reservoir didn’t get much traction until the 1906 earthquake, when much of the city burned to the ground. “They used that as a rallying cry and it was a huge battle in Congress,” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalist John Muir led the fight against it. He wrote about the valley’s sheer granite cliffs and scenic waterfalls, calling it a twin to Yosemite Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he lost, and San Francisco began building the O’Shaughnessy dam in 1914 to collect water from the Tuolumne River. “Although they lost the battle, they launched a national environmental movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the valley is under 300 feet of water, which supplies two and a half million people in San Francisco and cities around Silicon Valley. But the battle over Hetch Hetchy never really went away. In 1955, Sierra Club director David Brower made a film called “\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/47620162\">Two Yosemites\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1988, the National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/nps_hh_restoration.pdf\">released a study\u003c/a> about what would happen to the landscape if the reservoir was drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a year of the river reclaiming itself, you’ll start to see green meadows along the banks. And within a few years you’ll start to see saplings and trees come up,” Marshall says. Within 50 years, the report says, oak woodlands would return and pine trees would be 50 feet tall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there’s the question of what happens to the water supply. Marshall says it can be stored elsewhere. “People mistakenly believe Hetch Hetchy is our only reservoir. It’s one of nine reservoirs. So what our initiative does is ask San Francisco to plan to consolidate from nine to eight reservoirs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall says by expanding other reservoirs, using underground storage and recycling more water, San Francisco could make up for Hetch Hetchy’s storage. “We don’t recycle any water. We’ve stopped, for all intents and purposes, using groundwater, except for a little bit. Those are things we’re going to have to do anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Things Were Different Then'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at recycled water. We are building recycled water plants. We are building groundwater pumping wells,” says Michael Carlin, deputy general manager of the San Francisco PUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45703\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/DSC00377.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45703\" title=\"DSC00377\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/DSC00377.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tuolumne River emerges below the O’Shaughnessy dam.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at all those things. And to say, gee whiz, you also should just plan that your system is gone... doesn’t make any sense.” As a public employee, Carlin says he can’t take a position on the issue, but he has concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy system is reliable, he says. The water is so clean, it doesn’t require filtration. And the PUC doesn’t own all the reservoirs in the system, so Carlin says they’d have to rely on other water districts if the reservoir was drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking them if they’re willing to store San Francisco’s water there, the answer that we’ve gotten from them at least is no,” says Carlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the cost. Studies throughout the years have put it between one and 10 billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC has never studied it, but Carlin doubts that would help. “There have been extensive studies in the past. They have come to the same conclusion which is just a set of questions. And the issue is whether any additional study will just lead you to the same set of questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure has a number of opponents: San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee, Senator Dianne Feinstein and the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, who say it’s a huge risk, because businesses depend on reliable water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were to propose building this reservoir today in a national park, chances are it wouldn’t happen. But it happened in 1913. Things were different then,” Carlin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On November 6th, San Francisco voters will decide if they want to take a step toward rewriting that history.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of California's oldest environmental battles is on the San Francisco ballot. Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park holds most of San Francisco's water supply. But some environmental groups want to turn back the clock.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450498888,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1060},"headData":{"title":"Century-Old Battle Over Yosemite's 'Second Valley' Heats Up | KQED","description":"One of California's oldest environmental battles is on the San Francisco ballot. Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park holds most of San Francisco's water supply. But some environmental groups want to turn back the clock.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"45692 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=45692","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/05/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up/","disqusTitle":"Century-Old Battle Over Yosemite's 'Second Valley' Heats Up","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121008science.mp3","WpOldSlug":"west-coast-a-test-bed-for-ocean-acidification-2","path":"/quest/45692/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When San Francisco voters head to the polls in a few weeks, they’ll be weighing in on one of California’s oldest environmental battles. A large part of San Francisco’s water supply is stored inside a national park – in a reservoir built in Yosemite’s Hetch Hetchy Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists all the way back to John Muir have called on the city to store its water elsewhere so the valley can be restored. A November ballot measure would require the city to develop a plan to do that. But the battle over Hetch Hetchy is just as fierce today as it was a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s evident when you drive up to the entrance booth in Yosemite National Park on your way to Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. The ranger hands you a brochure from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission that reads: “20th century engineering marvel. Hetch Hetchy Reservoir is the keystone of this clean, efficient water and power delivery system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why would a city agency pass out promotional pamphlets about a reservoir? Probably to respond to people like Mike Marshall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This belongs to the American people. And what we can do – what San Francisco can be leaders in is draining this and bringing this incredible place back to life,” says Marshall, director of Restore Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group has a singular goal: drain the reservoir and make the valley a second Yosemite Valley. And for the first time in decades, that goal is in reach. Measure F on the San Francisco ballot would require the public utilities commission to draw up a plan, at the cost of $8 million, for draining the reservoir and finding new water storage. In 2016, that plan would go before San Francisco voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45701\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/HetchHistoric.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45701\" title=\"HetchHistoric\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/HetchHistoric.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Valley in 1906. Photo: USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We thought ‘what a great debate to have.’ Now that we know what we know, should we revisit a decision 100 years ago that had huge environmental consequences?” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of a Valley Turned Reservoir\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite was already a national park when San Francisco went looking for a reliable water supply a century ago. The idea for a new reservoir didn’t get much traction until the 1906 earthquake, when much of the city burned to the ground. “They used that as a rallying cry and it was a huge battle in Congress,” Marshall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalist John Muir led the fight against it. He wrote about the valley’s sheer granite cliffs and scenic waterfalls, calling it a twin to Yosemite Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he lost, and San Francisco began building the O’Shaughnessy dam in 1914 to collect water from the Tuolumne River. “Although they lost the battle, they launched a national environmental movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the valley is under 300 feet of water, which supplies two and a half million people in San Francisco and cities around Silicon Valley. But the battle over Hetch Hetchy never really went away. In 1955, Sierra Club director David Brower made a film called “\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/47620162\">Two Yosemites\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1988, the National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/nps_hh_restoration.pdf\">released a study\u003c/a> about what would happen to the landscape if the reservoir was drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Within a year of the river reclaiming itself, you’ll start to see green meadows along the banks. And within a few years you’ll start to see saplings and trees come up,” Marshall says. Within 50 years, the report says, oak woodlands would return and pine trees would be 50 feet tall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there’s the question of what happens to the water supply. Marshall says it can be stored elsewhere. “People mistakenly believe Hetch Hetchy is our only reservoir. It’s one of nine reservoirs. So what our initiative does is ask San Francisco to plan to consolidate from nine to eight reservoirs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall says by expanding other reservoirs, using underground storage and recycling more water, San Francisco could make up for Hetch Hetchy’s storage. “We don’t recycle any water. We’ve stopped, for all intents and purposes, using groundwater, except for a little bit. Those are things we’re going to have to do anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Things Were Different Then'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at recycled water. We are building recycled water plants. We are building groundwater pumping wells,” says Michael Carlin, deputy general manager of the San Francisco PUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_45703\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/DSC00377.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-45703\" title=\"DSC00377\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/DSC00377.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tuolumne River emerges below the O’Shaughnessy dam.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking at all those things. And to say, gee whiz, you also should just plan that your system is gone... doesn’t make any sense.” As a public employee, Carlin says he can’t take a position on the issue, but he has concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy system is reliable, he says. The water is so clean, it doesn’t require filtration. And the PUC doesn’t own all the reservoirs in the system, so Carlin says they’d have to rely on other water districts if the reservoir was drained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking them if they’re willing to store San Francisco’s water there, the answer that we’ve gotten from them at least is no,” says Carlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the cost. Studies throughout the years have put it between one and 10 billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC has never studied it, but Carlin doubts that would help. “There have been extensive studies in the past. They have come to the same conclusion which is just a set of questions. And the issue is whether any additional study will just lead you to the same set of questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure has a number of opponents: San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee, Senator Dianne Feinstein and the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, who say it’s a huge risk, because businesses depend on reliable water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were to propose building this reservoir today in a national park, chances are it wouldn’t happen. But it happened in 1913. Things were different then,” Carlin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On November 6th, San Francisco voters will decide if they want to take a step toward rewriting that history.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/45692/century-old-battle-over-yosemites-second-valley-heats-up","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9","quest_17","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_3608","quest_10180","quest_11194","quest_1930","quest_13203","quest_11519","quest_2629","quest_3108","quest_3340","quest_3201"],"featImg":"quest_45706","label":"source_quest_45692"},"quest_40899":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_40899","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"40899","score":null,"sort":[1342121426000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing","title":"Hetch Hetchy: Will We Do the Anthropocene Thing?","publishDate":1342121426,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40900\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/12/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing/hetchtop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40900\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40900\" title=\"hetchtop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchtop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchtop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchtop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Reservoir occupies Hetch Hetchy Valley behind O'Shaughnessy Dam. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Franciscans this fall will be asked to vote on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hetchhetchy.org/images/Reports/Ballot_Initiative.pdf\">Water Sustainability and Environmental Restoration Planning Act\u003c/a>, a scheme that aims to put the cost of civilization in sharp relief. In essence it asks, Do we want to arrange our society as if nature really matters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every great city relies on a great water supply, from ancient Rome to San Francisco. The Hetch Hetchy system was beautifully designed and built, except that it destroyed a nearly unique valley inside Yosemite National Park. The nonprofit organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.hetchhetchy.org/\">Restore Hetch Hetchy\u003c/a> (RHH) wants San Franciscans to weigh the price of doing things better, according to a specific definition that includes pulling out of the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy Water System begins with a dam and reservoir that traps some of the world's cleanest water in a basin of Sierra Nevada granite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40903\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/12/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing/hetchspillway/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40903\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40903\" title=\"hetchspillway\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchspillway.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchspillway.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchspillway-400x350.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The spillway next to O'Shaughnessy Dam has gates that are turned up in winter.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tunnels and pipelines carry Hetch Hetchy water to the Bay Area entirely by gravity, with some of that gravitational energy turned to electricity along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40901\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/12/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing/hetchmoccasin/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40901\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40901\" title=\"hetchmoccasin\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmoccasin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmoccasin.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmoccasin-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy water drives turbines at the Moccasin power plant south of Jamestown.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy Water System is a colossal engineering triumph that has provided not just San Francisco, but many Bay Area cities, with clean and reliable water for nearly 90 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/12/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing/hetchmonument/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40902\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40902\" title=\"hetchmonument\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmonument.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmonument.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmonument-400x334.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Water System monument north of route 132 between Vernalis and Modesto.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy Water System still performs to specifications, but RHH argues that today we could make it work while sparing Hetch Hetchy Valley and removing its reservoir. That may be so, and the few million dollars required for a good study and action plan would be well spent because previous efforts have been sketchy. RHH is rolling the dice by forcing the plan, whatever it is, to be considered by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors for placement as a charter amendment in the 2016 elections. That is, if the Supes vote it down, nothing will come of it, but if both they and the city's voters approve it the plan will go into effect willy-nilly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal is a growing endeavor, and one of great scientific interest, because so many of the nation's dams are reaching the end of their lives. This happens when the reservoirs behind them fill up with sediment. The most recent success in dam removal is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm\">Elwha Dam project\u003c/a> in Washington state. In that case, the reservoir had silted up. O'Shaughnessy Dam is more than 30 times as large as Elwha, its reservoir is far from being silted up, and the dam isn't sited on an earthquake fault. From an engineering standpoint, there's no rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RHH's plan is a visionary scheme based on environmental justice, appealing as an example of eco-responsible, sustainable practice. But are we better off with the dam gone now? Conversely, if we really are in an \"Anthropocene age\" when we can influence the entire planet by our actions, shouldn't we begin to act accordingly? Shouldn't we begin geoengineering?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obstacles to RHH's plan are great, but I believe the group is playing a very long game. The Hetch Hetchy system is exceptionally stable because the reservoir is many centuries away from filling up with sediment. As time goes on our ability to engineer the water system intelligently will only improve. As a geotechnical matter, that slow pace of sedimentation means that Hetch Hetchy Valley can indeed be restored. By putting the question to a formal evaluation, RHH hopes to ensure that restoration will be on the agenda for as long as it takes.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Restore Hetch Hetchy proposal is the Bay Area's first serious encounter with Anthropocene engineering.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366925965,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":630},"headData":{"title":"Hetch Hetchy: Will We Do the Anthropocene Thing? | KQED","description":"The Restore Hetch Hetchy proposal is the Bay Area's first serious encounter with Anthropocene engineering.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"40899 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=40899","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/12/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing/","disqusTitle":"Hetch Hetchy: Will We Do the Anthropocene Thing?","path":"/quest/40899/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40900\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/12/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing/hetchtop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40900\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40900\" title=\"hetchtop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchtop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchtop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchtop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Reservoir occupies Hetch Hetchy Valley behind O'Shaughnessy Dam. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Franciscans this fall will be asked to vote on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hetchhetchy.org/images/Reports/Ballot_Initiative.pdf\">Water Sustainability and Environmental Restoration Planning Act\u003c/a>, a scheme that aims to put the cost of civilization in sharp relief. In essence it asks, Do we want to arrange our society as if nature really matters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every great city relies on a great water supply, from ancient Rome to San Francisco. The Hetch Hetchy system was beautifully designed and built, except that it destroyed a nearly unique valley inside Yosemite National Park. The nonprofit organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.hetchhetchy.org/\">Restore Hetch Hetchy\u003c/a> (RHH) wants San Franciscans to weigh the price of doing things better, according to a specific definition that includes pulling out of the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy Water System begins with a dam and reservoir that traps some of the world's cleanest water in a basin of Sierra Nevada granite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40903\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/12/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing/hetchspillway/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40903\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40903\" title=\"hetchspillway\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchspillway.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchspillway.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchspillway-400x350.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The spillway next to O'Shaughnessy Dam has gates that are turned up in winter.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tunnels and pipelines carry Hetch Hetchy water to the Bay Area entirely by gravity, with some of that gravitational energy turned to electricity along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40901\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/12/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing/hetchmoccasin/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40901\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40901\" title=\"hetchmoccasin\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmoccasin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmoccasin.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmoccasin-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy water drives turbines at the Moccasin power plant south of Jamestown.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy Water System is a colossal engineering triumph that has provided not just San Francisco, but many Bay Area cities, with clean and reliable water for nearly 90 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/12/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing/hetchmonument/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-40902\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40902\" title=\"hetchmonument\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmonument.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmonument.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/hetchmonument-400x334.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Water System monument north of route 132 between Vernalis and Modesto.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hetch Hetchy Water System still performs to specifications, but RHH argues that today we could make it work while sparing Hetch Hetchy Valley and removing its reservoir. That may be so, and the few million dollars required for a good study and action plan would be well spent because previous efforts have been sketchy. RHH is rolling the dice by forcing the plan, whatever it is, to be considered by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors for placement as a charter amendment in the 2016 elections. That is, if the Supes vote it down, nothing will come of it, but if both they and the city's voters approve it the plan will go into effect willy-nilly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam removal is a growing endeavor, and one of great scientific interest, because so many of the nation's dams are reaching the end of their lives. This happens when the reservoirs behind them fill up with sediment. The most recent success in dam removal is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm\">Elwha Dam project\u003c/a> in Washington state. In that case, the reservoir had silted up. O'Shaughnessy Dam is more than 30 times as large as Elwha, its reservoir is far from being silted up, and the dam isn't sited on an earthquake fault. From an engineering standpoint, there's no rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RHH's plan is a visionary scheme based on environmental justice, appealing as an example of eco-responsible, sustainable practice. But are we better off with the dam gone now? Conversely, if we really are in an \"Anthropocene age\" when we can influence the entire planet by our actions, shouldn't we begin to act accordingly? Shouldn't we begin geoengineering?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obstacles to RHH's plan are great, but I believe the group is playing a very long game. The Hetch Hetchy system is exceptionally stable because the reservoir is many centuries away from filling up with sediment. As time goes on our ability to engineer the water system intelligently will only improve. As a geotechnical matter, that slow pace of sedimentation means that Hetch Hetchy Valley can indeed be restored. By putting the question to a formal evaluation, RHH hopes to ensure that restoration will be on the agenda for as long as it takes.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/40899/hetch-hetchy-will-we-do-the-anthropocene-thing","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_11","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11284","quest_10560","quest_1202","quest_3608","quest_13202","quest_3201"],"featImg":"quest_40900","label":"quest"},"quest_31352":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_31352","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"31352","score":null,"sort":[1330025854000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there","title":"Gigapans: Panoramas that Bring You All the Way There","publishDate":1330025854,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31355\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/23/gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there/gigapantop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31355\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapantop-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gigapantop\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31355\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This clean roadcut exposure of Marin County's finest ribbon chert is documented in a gigapan image that can be enlarged 100 times. Image by Ron Schott.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you've ever wished your camera could take a humongous photo that captures everything, then gigapans are for you. Gigapans are billion-pixel images that are stitched together, like a patchwork quilt, from hundreds of shots made by ordinary cameras. A special mount and software programs the camera to take precisely overlapping images, which are then seamlessly merged into one colossal shot tens of thousands of pixels across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of us first witnessed the potential of gigapans when photographers compiled them during President Obama's inauguration ceremony on January 20, 2009. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/17217\">This example\u003c/a>, by David Bergman, allows you to zoom in and study every face in the crowd that day, from four former presidents to Jane and Joe Blow (and Newt Gingrich is there too). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are over 50,000 gigapans uploaded at \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/\">gigapan.com\u003c/a>. Their subjects range from the night sky, to cityscapes, to hotel room interiors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally I would want such a thing used for geology. First I would want to see eye candy, like the Grand Canyon. And places I'll never visit, like the South Pole. Scientists have made gigapans like those—how could they resist?—but they've also made real teaching and research tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, you and I in the Bay Area can easily drive to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands/\">Marin Headlands\u003c/a> or elsewhere in Marin County and inspect all the deep-sea red ribbon chert we want. But geology teacher Ron Schott, the leading \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/profiles/rschott\">geological gigapanner\u003c/a>, has captured \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/51412\">a fine roadcut exposure\u003c/a> in the image at the top of this post. Now his students in Kansas can zoom into it as close as being there, inches from the rock face:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31353\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/23/gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there/gigapanzoom/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31353\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapanzoom.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gigapanzoom\" width=\"550\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31353\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapanzoom.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapanzoom-400x291.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail near the left edge of the Marin County roadcut. Image by Ron Schott.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Any teacher, anywhere, can assign a lab exercise built around this image that's almost as good as a day trip. Instructors can show students the classic \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">wave-cut platforms of the California coast\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/40207\">a gigapan\u003c/a> that's every bit as good for teaching as standing on the spot with binoculars—in fact there's \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/16058/\">a 3D version\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It gets better. Northern Virginia Community College's Mid-Atlantic Geo-Imagery Collection (M.A.G.I.C.) has great outcrops, but also great \u003ca href=\"http://gigapan.org/gigapans?tags=m.a.g.i.c.&query=m.a.g.i.c.+sand+sediment\">macros of sand\u003c/a>. A petri dish of Hawaii's green sand, for instance, can be blown up to display every gorgeous olivine grain, microscope style. M.A.G.I.C. is the brainchild of Callan Bentley, an NVCC professor who \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.agu.org/mountainbeltway/category/gigapan/\">features gigapans often in his Mountain Beltway blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/23/gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there/gigapansand/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31354\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapansand.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gigapansand\" width=\"550\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31354\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapansand.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapansand-400x291.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">M.A.G.I.C. image\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama inauguration gigapan hints at another thing scientists can do, which is to archive and document large-scale natural features in detail. A great example from Yosemite Valley is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.xrez.com/case-studies/national-parks/yosemite-extreme-panoramic-imaging-project/\">Extreme Panoramic Imaging Project\u003c/a>, which compiled a photographic dataset of the granite walls of the entire valley by stitching together 20 gigapans into something I can only call a humongapan. Then this image was tied to a 3D terrain model, constructed from laser scans, for real 21st-century analysis. The project has already pinpointed the sources of rockfalls to aid in analyzing where they may come next, helping protect the public from danger. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/galleries/7749/gigapans/49244\">You can explore the walls of Yosemite in a gigapan of the final product.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"These gigantic, zoomable photographs bring all the glory of great places to your screen. They also bring you geologic lessons of all sizes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1331149399,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":578},"headData":{"title":"Gigapans: Panoramas that Bring You All the Way There | KQED","description":"These gigantic, zoomable photographs bring all the glory of great places to your screen. They also bring you geologic lessons of all sizes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"31352 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=31352","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/23/gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there/","disqusTitle":"Gigapans: Panoramas that Bring You All the Way There","path":"/quest/31352/gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31355\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/23/gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there/gigapantop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31355\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapantop-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gigapantop\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31355\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This clean roadcut exposure of Marin County's finest ribbon chert is documented in a gigapan image that can be enlarged 100 times. Image by Ron Schott.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you've ever wished your camera could take a humongous photo that captures everything, then gigapans are for you. Gigapans are billion-pixel images that are stitched together, like a patchwork quilt, from hundreds of shots made by ordinary cameras. A special mount and software programs the camera to take precisely overlapping images, which are then seamlessly merged into one colossal shot tens of thousands of pixels across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of us first witnessed the potential of gigapans when photographers compiled them during President Obama's inauguration ceremony on January 20, 2009. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/17217\">This example\u003c/a>, by David Bergman, allows you to zoom in and study every face in the crowd that day, from four former presidents to Jane and Joe Blow (and Newt Gingrich is there too). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are over 50,000 gigapans uploaded at \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/\">gigapan.com\u003c/a>. Their subjects range from the night sky, to cityscapes, to hotel room interiors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally I would want such a thing used for geology. First I would want to see eye candy, like the Grand Canyon. And places I'll never visit, like the South Pole. Scientists have made gigapans like those—how could they resist?—but they've also made real teaching and research tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, you and I in the Bay Area can easily drive to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands/\">Marin Headlands\u003c/a> or elsewhere in Marin County and inspect all the deep-sea red ribbon chert we want. But geology teacher Ron Schott, the leading \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/profiles/rschott\">geological gigapanner\u003c/a>, has captured \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/51412\">a fine roadcut exposure\u003c/a> in the image at the top of this post. Now his students in Kansas can zoom into it as close as being there, inches from the rock face:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31353\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/23/gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there/gigapanzoom/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31353\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapanzoom.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gigapanzoom\" width=\"550\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31353\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapanzoom.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapanzoom-400x291.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail near the left edge of the Marin County roadcut. Image by Ron Schott.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Any teacher, anywhere, can assign a lab exercise built around this image that's almost as good as a day trip. Instructors can show students the classic \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">wave-cut platforms of the California coast\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/40207\">a gigapan\u003c/a> that's every bit as good for teaching as standing on the spot with binoculars—in fact there's \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/16058/\">a 3D version\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It gets better. Northern Virginia Community College's Mid-Atlantic Geo-Imagery Collection (M.A.G.I.C.) has great outcrops, but also great \u003ca href=\"http://gigapan.org/gigapans?tags=m.a.g.i.c.&query=m.a.g.i.c.+sand+sediment\">macros of sand\u003c/a>. A petri dish of Hawaii's green sand, for instance, can be blown up to display every gorgeous olivine grain, microscope style. M.A.G.I.C. is the brainchild of Callan Bentley, an NVCC professor who \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.agu.org/mountainbeltway/category/gigapan/\">features gigapans often in his Mountain Beltway blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/23/gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there/gigapansand/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-31354\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapansand.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gigapansand\" width=\"550\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31354\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapansand.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/gigapansand-400x291.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">M.A.G.I.C. image\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama inauguration gigapan hints at another thing scientists can do, which is to archive and document large-scale natural features in detail. A great example from Yosemite Valley is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.xrez.com/case-studies/national-parks/yosemite-extreme-panoramic-imaging-project/\">Extreme Panoramic Imaging Project\u003c/a>, which compiled a photographic dataset of the granite walls of the entire valley by stitching together 20 gigapans into something I can only call a humongapan. Then this image was tied to a 3D terrain model, constructed from laser scans, for real 21st-century analysis. The project has already pinpointed the sources of rockfalls to aid in analyzing where they may come next, helping protect the public from danger. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gigapan.com/galleries/7749/gigapans/49244\">You can explore the walls of Yosemite in a gigapan of the final product.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/31352/gigapans-panoramas-that-bring-you-all-the-way-there","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_1738","quest_10263","quest_2187","quest_13202","quest_2532","quest_3201"],"featImg":"quest_31355","label":"quest"},"quest_19207":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19207","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19207","score":null,"sort":[1302286595000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"national-parks-could-close","title":"National Parks Could Close","publishDate":1302286595,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>If you are planning a visit to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/alca/index.htm\">Alcatraz\u003c/a> this weekend, you might want to double check before you go. Midnight tonight is the deadline for Congress and the White House to agree on another short-term spending measure or shut down the government. If that happens, federal services across the country would be impacted. For one thing, our national parks would shut down. Campers would be given a 48 hour notice to move out. Alcatraz would be closed and ferries to the island would stop running. Not all of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/index.htm\">Golden Gate National Recreational Area\u003c/a> will be closed. Crissy Fields would remain open, but all amenities such as restrooms and visitor centers would be shuttered. The same goes for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/index.htm\">Pt. Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a>. Visitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/index.htm\">Yosemite\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods National Monument\u003c/a> would find the front gates closed. A federal government shut down could hit California park fans particularly hard since some state parks have already reduced their hours due to California’s budget woes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.0013176 -122.9969423\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you are planning a visit to Alcatraz this weekend, you might want to double check before you go.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1302286595,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":171},"headData":{"title":"National Parks Could Close | KQED","description":"If you are planning a visit to Alcatraz this weekend, you might want to double check before you go.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"19207 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=13664","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/08/national-parks-could-close/","disqusTitle":"National Parks Could Close","path":"/quest/19207/national-parks-could-close","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you are planning a visit to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/alca/index.htm\">Alcatraz\u003c/a> this weekend, you might want to double check before you go. Midnight tonight is the deadline for Congress and the White House to agree on another short-term spending measure or shut down the government. If that happens, federal services across the country would be impacted. For one thing, our national parks would shut down. Campers would be given a 48 hour notice to move out. Alcatraz would be closed and ferries to the island would stop running. Not all of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/index.htm\">Golden Gate National Recreational Area\u003c/a> will be closed. Crissy Fields would remain open, but all amenities such as restrooms and visitor centers would be shuttered. The same goes for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/index.htm\">Pt. Reyes National Seashore\u003c/a>. Visitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/index.htm\">Yosemite\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods National Monument\u003c/a> would find the front gates closed. A federal government shut down could hit California park fans particularly hard since some state parks have already reduced their hours due to California’s budget woes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.0013176 -122.9969423\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19207/national-parks-could-close","authors":["212"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3446","quest_3536","quest_3391","quest_1931","quest_3720","quest_3201"],"featImg":"quest_3734","label":"quest"},"quest_9998":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_9998","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"9998","score":null,"sort":[1288397430000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"lichen-post","title":"Tiny Lichen Point to Bigger Pollution Problems in Yosemite","publishDate":1288397430,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Tiny Lichen Point to Bigger Pollution Problems in Yosemite | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/lichens\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/lichen300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A tree branch covered in nitrogen-loving lichen. (Credit: Martin Hutton)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Air pollution may seem like an urban problem, but it’s becoming an increasing concern in California’s national parks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollution from cars and trucks blows into the Sierra Nevada mountains, where it can have a dramatic impact on the ecosystem. In \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/\">Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>, researchers are trying to gauge that impact by using an unexpected tool: a fungus called lichen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite Valley is known for its granite landmarks: Half Dome, El Capitan and the sheer walls that surround the valley. But according to botanist Martin Hutton, the granite isn’t really visible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically what we’re looking at is lichens. We barely even see this rock. It’s all lichens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=”QUEST Audio Player” skin=”http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip” file=”http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/11/2010-11-01-quest.mp3″ ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/lichens\">Lichen Point to Pollution\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The southern walls of Yosemite Valley are covered in black crust. Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/naturescience/lichen.htm\">Hutton repelled hundreds of feet down the cliffs\u003c/a> to survey the species living here. “All sorts of different colors. All sorts of different shapes. They’re really special. There are no trees up there. There’s no shade.” Hutton says there are more than 500 species of lichen in Yosemite and many grow where few other plants can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lichens Connected to the Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite looking tough, lichens are some of the most sensitive organisms in the ecosystem. Hutton uses a fallen tree branch to point out the species living there. “I see really deep saturated orange and that is Caloplaca. And there’s just this beautiful just deep saturated yellow and that is the yellow of the Candelaira.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yellow lichen, \u003ca href=\"http://www.eol.org/Xanthoria%20candelaria\">Candelaira\u003c/a>, is warning sign for Hutton. “If you were to go to place with very little air pollution, then you would not be seeing this many of these Candelaria species,” said Hutton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most plants get nutrients from the ground, lichens get much of what they need from the air. “They are basically directly connected to the atmosphere. They’re connected to all of it. They see all of it. It’s one of the reasons they’re so sensitive,” said Hutton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lichen are \u003ca href=\"http://www.mpm.edu/collections/pubs/botany/moss/\">sensitive to changes in the air\u003c/a>, especially from air pollution. That makes them an indicator of bigger ecosystem changes. Hutton and his team are taking lichen samples at 300 sites around the park and analyzing them to see what story they tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Pollution in the Ecosystem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further into a nearby pine forest, Hutton and his team have set up funnels that collect air pollution samples. But it’s clear something else has gotten there first. Hutton’s equipment is strewn across the ground, the victim of a curious black bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, basically a bear grabbed this funnel and plucked it off the stake. They just want to make sure that there’s no food associated with this plastic funnel,” said Hutton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of 12 sites where researchers are measuring a key ingredient of air pollution: nitrogen. Nitrogen oxides are produced by car and truck exhaust. In Yosemite, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/naturescience/airquality.htm\">nitrogen pollution\u003c/a> isn’t only from nearby cars. It also arrives from elsewhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all have experienced the westerly winds that happen that blow stuff essentially from over the ocean, across the Central Valley and up into the mountains,” said Lee Tarnay, Air Resource Specialist at Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air pollution from urban areas is \u003ca href=\"http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sien/AirPollution.cfm\">blown into the Sierra Nevada mountains\u003c/a> by those westerly winds. And the problem is: nitrogen pollution is sticky. “That gas likes to stick to pine needles and just about anything else. And these trees act as a giant collector for the gases that stream through the air,” said Tarnay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it rains, the nitrogen pollution is washed off the pine needles and deposited on the ground. As any backyard gardener knows: nitrogen is a fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All plants need nitrogen to grow. And some plants need a lot of nitrogen and some need only very little. And so in Yosemite, we already had enough nitrogen to begin with,” said Hutton. Sierra Nevada forests are adapted to low levels of nitrogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Impact of Nitrogen Pollution in the Ecosystem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re worried that additional fertilizer in Yosemite could have effects that we might not anticipate. We think that the Yosemite is system as is it should be now. So we want to make sure that if there’s something harming or changing that balance, then we want to know that,” said Hutton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hutton says that balance is already under threat by invasive plants and many respond to higher nitrogen levels. Nitrogen can also encourage more ground plants to grow, a major concern in fire country. “If you increase the amount of nitrogen, you have plants that basically fill up the space in between these natural patches. And so that means that fires can spread a lot better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing car traffic in Yosemite could help cut air pollution. It will also depend on regional air districts across California, several of which, like the San Joaquin Valley, exceed federal air pollution limits. Hutton says he’s hopeful that research in Yosemite will help them identify pollution hotspots and manage the changes in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.756313 -119.59716\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Air pollution may seem like an urban problem, but it’s becoming an increasing concern in California’s national parks.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974691,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":944},"headData":{"title":"Tiny Lichen Point to Bigger Pollution Problems in Yosemite | KQED","description":"Air pollution may seem like an urban problem, but it’s becoming an increasing concern in California’s national parks.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/9998/lichen-post","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/11/2010-11-01-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/lichens\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/lichen300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A tree branch covered in nitrogen-loving lichen. (Credit: Martin Hutton)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Air pollution may seem like an urban problem, but it’s becoming an increasing concern in California’s national parks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollution from cars and trucks blows into the Sierra Nevada mountains, where it can have a dramatic impact on the ecosystem. In \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/\">Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>, researchers are trying to gauge that impact by using an unexpected tool: a fungus called lichen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite Valley is known for its granite landmarks: Half Dome, El Capitan and the sheer walls that surround the valley. But according to botanist Martin Hutton, the granite isn’t really visible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically what we’re looking at is lichens. We barely even see this rock. It’s all lichens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=”QUEST Audio Player” skin=”http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip” file=”http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2010/11/2010-11-01-quest.mp3″ ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/lichens\">Lichen Point to Pollution\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The southern walls of Yosemite Valley are covered in black crust. Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/naturescience/lichen.htm\">Hutton repelled hundreds of feet down the cliffs\u003c/a> to survey the species living here. “All sorts of different colors. All sorts of different shapes. They’re really special. There are no trees up there. There’s no shade.” Hutton says there are more than 500 species of lichen in Yosemite and many grow where few other plants can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lichens Connected to the Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite looking tough, lichens are some of the most sensitive organisms in the ecosystem. Hutton uses a fallen tree branch to point out the species living there. “I see really deep saturated orange and that is Caloplaca. And there’s just this beautiful just deep saturated yellow and that is the yellow of the Candelaira.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yellow lichen, \u003ca href=\"http://www.eol.org/Xanthoria%20candelaria\">Candelaira\u003c/a>, is warning sign for Hutton. “If you were to go to place with very little air pollution, then you would not be seeing this many of these Candelaria species,” said Hutton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most plants get nutrients from the ground, lichens get much of what they need from the air. “They are basically directly connected to the atmosphere. They’re connected to all of it. They see all of it. It’s one of the reasons they’re so sensitive,” said Hutton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lichen are \u003ca href=\"http://www.mpm.edu/collections/pubs/botany/moss/\">sensitive to changes in the air\u003c/a>, especially from air pollution. That makes them an indicator of bigger ecosystem changes. Hutton and his team are taking lichen samples at 300 sites around the park and analyzing them to see what story they tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Pollution in the Ecosystem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further into a nearby pine forest, Hutton and his team have set up funnels that collect air pollution samples. But it’s clear something else has gotten there first. Hutton’s equipment is strewn across the ground, the victim of a curious black bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, basically a bear grabbed this funnel and plucked it off the stake. They just want to make sure that there’s no food associated with this plastic funnel,” said Hutton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of 12 sites where researchers are measuring a key ingredient of air pollution: nitrogen. Nitrogen oxides are produced by car and truck exhaust. In Yosemite, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/naturescience/airquality.htm\">nitrogen pollution\u003c/a> isn’t only from nearby cars. It also arrives from elsewhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all have experienced the westerly winds that happen that blow stuff essentially from over the ocean, across the Central Valley and up into the mountains,” said Lee Tarnay, Air Resource Specialist at Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air pollution from urban areas is \u003ca href=\"http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sien/AirPollution.cfm\">blown into the Sierra Nevada mountains\u003c/a> by those westerly winds. And the problem is: nitrogen pollution is sticky. “That gas likes to stick to pine needles and just about anything else. And these trees act as a giant collector for the gases that stream through the air,” said Tarnay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it rains, the nitrogen pollution is washed off the pine needles and deposited on the ground. As any backyard gardener knows: nitrogen is a fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All plants need nitrogen to grow. And some plants need a lot of nitrogen and some need only very little. And so in Yosemite, we already had enough nitrogen to begin with,” said Hutton. Sierra Nevada forests are adapted to low levels of nitrogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Impact of Nitrogen Pollution in the Ecosystem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re worried that additional fertilizer in Yosemite could have effects that we might not anticipate. We think that the Yosemite is system as is it should be now. So we want to make sure that if there’s something harming or changing that balance, then we want to know that,” said Hutton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hutton says that balance is already under threat by invasive plants and many respond to higher nitrogen levels. Nitrogen can also encourage more ground plants to grow, a major concern in fire country. “If you increase the amount of nitrogen, you have plants that basically fill up the space in between these natural patches. And so that means that fires can spread a lot better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing car traffic in Yosemite could help cut air pollution. It will also depend on regional air districts across California, several of which, like the San Joaquin Valley, exceed federal air pollution limits. Hutton says he’s hopeful that research in Yosemite will help them identify pollution hotspots and manage the changes in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.756313 -119.59716\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/9998/lichen-post","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_94","quest_13193","quest_369","quest_1155","quest_1654","quest_1931","quest_13203","quest_2220","quest_2669","quest_3201"],"featImg":"quest_10001","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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