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Standen","firstName":"Amy","lastName":"Standen","slug":"amystanden","email":"astanden@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Amy Standen (@amystanden) is co-host of #\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap\">TheLeapPodcast\u003c/a> (subscribe on iTunes or Stitcher!) and host of KQED and PBSDigital Studios' science video series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>. Her science radio stories appear on KQED and NPR.\r\n\r\nEmail her at astanden@kqed.org","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amy Standen | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/amystanden"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_46030":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_46030","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"46030","score":null,"sort":[1350075886000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-meditation-ease-ptsd-in-combat-vets","title":"Can Meditation Ease PTSD in Combat Vets?","publishDate":1350075886,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121015scienceptsd.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/PTSD.Med-image-cropped.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/PTSD.Med-image-cropped-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"PTSD.Med image cropped\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-46057\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAmong veterans, mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder are epidemic. The Department of Veterans Affairs estimates that one in every four Iraq or Afghanistan vets is suffering from PTSD. It’s one reason suicide is now the leading cause of death among active-duty soldiers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This crisis has led the VA to explore treatments that would have been considered decidedly from-the-fringes a generation ago. Some of that work is taking place at the Menlo Park division of the VA Palo Alto Medical Center.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\"My little safe zone\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Montgomery is a Vietnam vet with a bushy gray mustache and a tattoo of a scorpion on each forearm. During his time here in the residential PTSD program, he’s been thinking a lot about his life before the war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were dirt farmer kids,” he tells me. “It was the summer of 1957. We were irrigating 80 acres of cotton. My brother was yelling off in the distance and I was just laying back on a haystack…” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montgomery trails off for a moment, lost in the memory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, that's my little safe zone,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he talks about Vietnam and what he saw there, something in his voice changes, ramps up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image he can’t shake – even now, nearly four decades after his return – is of Vietnamese children trying to kill him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our society teaches us to go to school, live with our families and stuff, not to blow somebody else up,\" he says, as his voice grows louder. \"They were after you, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, after what he calls decades of failed relationships and self-abuse, Montgomery is finally getting help for PTSD, a diagnosis he hadn’t even heard of until a few years ago. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of his treatment is a twice-weekly guided meditation session. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, five men settle into armchairs arranged in a circle. One younger vet in board shorts and flip flops lies down on the floor. Two of the vets served in Vietnam; three younger men served in Iraq. A couple of therapy dogs, golden retrievers named Eldridge and Elaine, settle at their owners’ feet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leah Weiss -- a meditation trainer from Stanford’s Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education -- begins to lead. “Let’s start with three deep cleansing breaths,” she tells the men. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An old approach, revisited\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s taking place in this room has been happening on a small scale for decades, says Stephen Xenakis. He’s a retired brigadier general who formerly oversaw the army’s medical system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, Xenakis worked as a psychiatrist with Vietnam vets at the former Letterman Army Medical Center, in San Francisco’s Presidio. He says meditation was one of several Eastern-inspired treatments he and others were experimenting with. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even back then, he says, it was clear that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669968\">meditation could help calm\u003c/a> the nervous systems of not just veterans, but prisoners and people suffering from trauma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting the VA to integrate meditation into its standard treatment was tough, especially after the late 1980s, when drugs like Prozac came on the scene. The drugs were easy to study and prescribe, cheap to administer. For a lot of patients, they were very effective. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think in many ways,” he says,” these other options that we had learned were helpful back in the ‘70s kind of fell off to the wayside”. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, it’s become clear that drugs are no panacea. Side effects are common. And for about half of PTSD patients, the drugs don’t work at all. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2012/Treatment-for-Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder-in-Military-and-Veteran-Populations-Initial-Assessment.aspx\">report\u003c/a> from the Institute of Medicine concluded that \"the evidence is inadequate\" to demonstrate that SSRIs, like Prozac, are generally effective in treating PTSD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those limitations have renewed interest in other approaches, such as meditation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What meditation may do to the brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the TV room at the Menlo Park VA, Weiss’s voice is calm, almost hypnotic. She tells the men to “bring to mind a stranger, maybe someone you pass by when you’re commuting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consider,” she instructs them, “that just like me, this person has had ups and downs in his or her life. Just like me, this person has had goals and dreams. Just like me, this person knows what it’s like to be disappointed, or afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular meditation -– it’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21840289\">compassion meditation\u003c/a>” -- aims at a specific and widely held hypothesis about what is happening in the brain of someone like John Montgomery, the Vietnam vet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that in combat, a switch -- a fight-or-flight survival mode located in a part of the brain called the amygdala -- has been turned on, and become essentially stuck. Meanwhile, another part, the frontal cortex, takes the backseat. And that’s critical. Because this part of the brain helps us relate to other people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The frontal cortex,” says Stephen Xenakis, “is what allows us to have relationships and families, what gives us a sense that there are rules of society and morality. It's part of what is different about our brains from even other primates, and clearly other mammals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether or not this kind of meditation is effective in treating PTSD is, from a scientific standpoint, still unknown. Studies have shown that repeated sessions can increase \"positive affect\" and \"social connectedness,\" both of which are deficient in PTSD patients, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669968\">2012 meta-analysis\u003c/a> on the efficacy of different kinds of meditation in treating PTSD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meditation in general, wrote the authors, \"holds some promise\" as a treatment for PTSD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nAdvice from an older veteran\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about 20 minutes, Weiss asks the men to open their eyes and to reflect on what the meditation made them feel. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these men have been taking part in these sessions for a couple months now. They’ve been listening to CDs with Weiss’s voice back in their rooms. They say they feel calmer, more compassionate to other people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of them, Esteban Brojas, is newer to this. Brojas served during the Iraq invasion in 2003. In some ways, he says, it’s like he’s still there. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming back to civilian life has been “a culture shock,” he says. “You’re still with that adrenaline; you’re still hyper-vigilant.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brojas’s wife gave birth to their daughter while he was in Iraq. When he came back, he didn’t know how to hold her. “After taking someone's life? It’s hard,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he speaks, Brojas’s voice starts to tremble and speed up. He rubs his hands together quickly as he rocks back and forth in his armchair. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the fact that you're going into a building and there's a grenade being popped and there's a woman and a child in there? It's hard. To come home and hold your daughter in your hands?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doreen, the therapist steps in. “I would say…” she begins, tentatively. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's John Montgomery, the Vietnam vet across the room, who knows what to do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're not there,” he tells Brojas, firmly. “You're right here. You're not there right now. You’re in it. It'll take time. It's like a wave coming. It’ll subside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montgomery’s doing something he thought he had forgotten how to do: feel compassion. In a few weeks, he’ll leave this program and go back to his family – a different man, he hopes, than he was when he came here. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The crisis of mental disorders such as PTSD has forced the military to rediscover therapies that would have considered from-the-fringes a generation ago. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370996308,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1347},"headData":{"title":"Can Meditation Ease PTSD in Combat Vets? | KQED","description":"The crisis of mental disorders such as PTSD has forced the military to rediscover therapies that would have considered from-the-fringes a generation ago. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Can Meditation Ease PTSD in Combat Vets?","datePublished":"2012-10-12T21:04:46.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T00:18:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"46030 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=46030","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/12/can-meditation-ease-ptsd-in-combat-vets/","disqusTitle":"Can Meditation Ease PTSD in Combat Vets?","path":"/quest/46030/can-meditation-ease-ptsd-in-combat-vets","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121015scienceptsd.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121015scienceptsd.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/PTSD.Med-image-cropped.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/PTSD.Med-image-cropped-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"PTSD.Med image cropped\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-46057\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAmong veterans, mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder are epidemic. The Department of Veterans Affairs estimates that one in every four Iraq or Afghanistan vets is suffering from PTSD. It’s one reason suicide is now the leading cause of death among active-duty soldiers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This crisis has led the VA to explore treatments that would have been considered decidedly from-the-fringes a generation ago. Some of that work is taking place at the Menlo Park division of the VA Palo Alto Medical Center.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\"My little safe zone\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Montgomery is a Vietnam vet with a bushy gray mustache and a tattoo of a scorpion on each forearm. During his time here in the residential PTSD program, he’s been thinking a lot about his life before the war. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were dirt farmer kids,” he tells me. “It was the summer of 1957. We were irrigating 80 acres of cotton. My brother was yelling off in the distance and I was just laying back on a haystack…” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montgomery trails off for a moment, lost in the memory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, that's my little safe zone,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he talks about Vietnam and what he saw there, something in his voice changes, ramps up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image he can’t shake – even now, nearly four decades after his return – is of Vietnamese children trying to kill him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our society teaches us to go to school, live with our families and stuff, not to blow somebody else up,\" he says, as his voice grows louder. \"They were after you, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, after what he calls decades of failed relationships and self-abuse, Montgomery is finally getting help for PTSD, a diagnosis he hadn’t even heard of until a few years ago. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of his treatment is a twice-weekly guided meditation session. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, five men settle into armchairs arranged in a circle. One younger vet in board shorts and flip flops lies down on the floor. Two of the vets served in Vietnam; three younger men served in Iraq. A couple of therapy dogs, golden retrievers named Eldridge and Elaine, settle at their owners’ feet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leah Weiss -- a meditation trainer from Stanford’s Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education -- begins to lead. “Let’s start with three deep cleansing breaths,” she tells the men. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An old approach, revisited\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s taking place in this room has been happening on a small scale for decades, says Stephen Xenakis. He’s a retired brigadier general who formerly oversaw the army’s medical system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, Xenakis worked as a psychiatrist with Vietnam vets at the former Letterman Army Medical Center, in San Francisco’s Presidio. He says meditation was one of several Eastern-inspired treatments he and others were experimenting with. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even back then, he says, it was clear that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669968\">meditation could help calm\u003c/a> the nervous systems of not just veterans, but prisoners and people suffering from trauma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting the VA to integrate meditation into its standard treatment was tough, especially after the late 1980s, when drugs like Prozac came on the scene. The drugs were easy to study and prescribe, cheap to administer. For a lot of patients, they were very effective. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think in many ways,” he says,” these other options that we had learned were helpful back in the ‘70s kind of fell off to the wayside”. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, it’s become clear that drugs are no panacea. Side effects are common. And for about half of PTSD patients, the drugs don’t work at all. A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2012/Treatment-for-Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder-in-Military-and-Veteran-Populations-Initial-Assessment.aspx\">report\u003c/a> from the Institute of Medicine concluded that \"the evidence is inadequate\" to demonstrate that SSRIs, like Prozac, are generally effective in treating PTSD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those limitations have renewed interest in other approaches, such as meditation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What meditation may do to the brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the TV room at the Menlo Park VA, Weiss’s voice is calm, almost hypnotic. She tells the men to “bring to mind a stranger, maybe someone you pass by when you’re commuting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consider,” she instructs them, “that just like me, this person has had ups and downs in his or her life. Just like me, this person has had goals and dreams. Just like me, this person knows what it’s like to be disappointed, or afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular meditation -– it’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21840289\">compassion meditation\u003c/a>” -- aims at a specific and widely held hypothesis about what is happening in the brain of someone like John Montgomery, the Vietnam vet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that in combat, a switch -- a fight-or-flight survival mode located in a part of the brain called the amygdala -- has been turned on, and become essentially stuck. Meanwhile, another part, the frontal cortex, takes the backseat. And that’s critical. Because this part of the brain helps us relate to other people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The frontal cortex,” says Stephen Xenakis, “is what allows us to have relationships and families, what gives us a sense that there are rules of society and morality. It's part of what is different about our brains from even other primates, and clearly other mammals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether or not this kind of meditation is effective in treating PTSD is, from a scientific standpoint, still unknown. Studies have shown that repeated sessions can increase \"positive affect\" and \"social connectedness,\" both of which are deficient in PTSD patients, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669968\">2012 meta-analysis\u003c/a> on the efficacy of different kinds of meditation in treating PTSD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meditation in general, wrote the authors, \"holds some promise\" as a treatment for PTSD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nAdvice from an older veteran\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about 20 minutes, Weiss asks the men to open their eyes and to reflect on what the meditation made them feel. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these men have been taking part in these sessions for a couple months now. They’ve been listening to CDs with Weiss’s voice back in their rooms. They say they feel calmer, more compassionate to other people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of them, Esteban Brojas, is newer to this. Brojas served during the Iraq invasion in 2003. In some ways, he says, it’s like he’s still there. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming back to civilian life has been “a culture shock,” he says. “You’re still with that adrenaline; you’re still hyper-vigilant.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brojas’s wife gave birth to their daughter while he was in Iraq. When he came back, he didn’t know how to hold her. “After taking someone's life? It’s hard,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he speaks, Brojas’s voice starts to tremble and speed up. He rubs his hands together quickly as he rocks back and forth in his armchair. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the fact that you're going into a building and there's a grenade being popped and there's a woman and a child in there? It's hard. To come home and hold your daughter in your hands?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doreen, the therapist steps in. “I would say…” she begins, tentatively. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's John Montgomery, the Vietnam vet across the room, who knows what to do. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're not there,” he tells Brojas, firmly. “You're right here. You're not there right now. You’re in it. It'll take time. It's like a wave coming. It’ll subside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montgomery’s doing something he thought he had forgotten how to do: feel compassion. In a few weeks, he’ll leave this program and go back to his family – a different man, he hopes, than he was when he came here. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/46030/can-meditation-ease-ptsd-in-combat-vets","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11533","quest_11531","quest_11518","quest_11532","quest_1784","quest_13203","quest_2266","quest_2328","quest_11530","quest_10531","quest_11529","quest_11528"],"featImg":"quest_46057","label":"quest"},"quest_28257":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_28257","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"28257","score":null,"sort":[1323459513000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-ptsd-nightmares-be-cured","title":"Can PTSD Nightmares Be Cured?","publishDate":1323459513,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/12/2011-12-12-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28265\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Kreep_Bed_Flickr_REV.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Kreep_Bed_Flickr_REV-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Kreep_Bed_Flickr_REV\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28265\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In many PTSD patients, sleep problems such as insomnia and nightmares are the most common complaint. (Photo courtesy of Flickr user <a href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kreep\" target=\"_blank\">Kreep</a>.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sam Brace doesn’t want to talk about what he saw when he was a soldier in Iraq eight years ago. Brace is an inpatient at a PTSD treatment center run by the Department of Veterans Affairs in Menlo Park, and that trauma is something he’s actively trying not to dwell on. But what he can’t control are his dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was overseas we hit an IED, um…\" he says, trailing off. \"When I have a nightmare normally it’s something related to that. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, scientists who study PTSD thought of nightmares and insomnia as byproducts of the disorder, side effects that could only be targeted through daytime interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. But that view is changing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sam Brace and others afflicted with PTSD, nightmares and insomnia lead to alcoholism and drug abuse, and the inability to function well during the day. Doctors who treat PTSD say that sleep is central to the disorder, and that restoring it may go a long way toward helping patients return to normal lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Wacky\" dreams are healthy dreams\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Woodward, a psychiatrist with the National Center for PTSD in Menlo Park says the hallmark of a healthy dream is that it seems kind of random.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They’re wacky,\" says Woodward. \"They associate things that are not normally associated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PTSD dreams, in contrast, are like a broken record: the same, real-life event, played over and over again. Woodward says he's seen patients haunted by the same true-to-life nightmare for twenty years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question scientists had was: why? Why can't people with PTSD sleep normally?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Healthy sleep as therapy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://walkerlab.berkeley.edu/people.html\">Matthew Walker\u003c/a> is a sleep researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. One of his particular interests is in rapid eye movement, or REM. It’s the stage of sleep where a lot of dreaming occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>REM sleep is also the only time of the day that the brain stops producing a kind of adrenaline called norepinephrine. That fact struck Walker as an intriguing mystery. Why would rapid eye movement sleep suppress this neurochemical, he wondered. Is there any function to that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Walker and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119526\">found\u003c/a> is that in healthy people, REM sleep is kind of like therapy. It's an adrenaline-free environment where the brain can process its memories while stripping away their sharp, emotional edges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you come back the next day,\" says Walker, \"yes, you can better recollect [the memory]. But also, it doesn’t trigger that same visceral reaction that you had at the time of learning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emotions are useful, says Walker, because they show us what really matters to us. But it's not useful to hold onto what he calls the \"emotional blanket,\" that accompanied the original event. The emotions, he says, \"have done their job. Now it’s time to hold on to the information of that memory, but let go of the emotion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Broken\" REM sleep\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker believes that in many people who have PTSD, REM sleep is broken. Something about PTSD either causes the brain to be overly sensitive to norepinephrine, or forces the brain to create too much of it. The brain's adrenaline system is effectively out of whack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, REM sleep is no longer theraputic. The PTSD brain can't process tough memories, so it just cycles through them, again and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which begs a question: What if you could change that? What if you could make the adrenaline go away?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An old drug finds a new role\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray Raskind directs Mental Health Services for the Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System. About a decade ago, he became interested in a drug called Prazosin, which was traditionally used to treat high blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prazosin can be bought generically for about ten cents a pill. It can have the side effect of making people dizzy. For the most part, it's been supplanted by other, more recent hypertension drugs, whose effects last longer. But Prazosin turned out to have another use: It makes the PTSD brain less receptive to adrenaline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, as Raskind discovered, prazosin can change the way those patients dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raskind tells the story of one of the first vets he ever treated with prazosin, a veteran Raskind calls Charles, who spent 13 months in a combat infantry unit in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What haunted Charles was one specific event from his service: Under an ambush by Vietcong forces, Charles and a fellow soldier, his closest friend, found themselves trapped in a landing zone in the jungle. Charles watched as his friend was killed by a mortar round. Fragments of the round pierced Charles' right knee, leaving him unable to run. Charles was saved at the last minute by troops in a Huey helicopter, just as Vietcong forces climbed through the wire to reach him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This near-death experience,\" says Raskind, \"and even more distressing, the death of his best friend, whose death he felt he was unable to prevent, haunted him most nights, every week, year in and year out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few weeks of Prazosin, Charles came in for a follow-up appointment. He told Raskind that he didn't think the drug was working. He was still dreaming, just about something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Raskind, the dream went like this: \"I'm in my fifth-grade classroom. And there’s a test, and if I don’t pass the test, I’m not gonna be promoted to the next grade. And I never even got the assignment!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the stress dream, says Raskind, of a healthy brain, trying to work things out. \"I said 'Charles, that’s MY nightmare!'\" Raskind recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far the studies on prazosin have been small (abstracts can be found online, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Thompson%20CE%2C%20Taylor%20FB%2C%20McFall%20ME%2C%20Barnes%20RF%2C%20Raskind%20MA\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20473055\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20726290\">here\u003c/a> – as well as of a 2008 round-up of data, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18387899\">here\u003c/a>) but promising in decreasing nightmares and helping people sleep longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other small studies involving non-combat PTSD – people who had been victims of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2350188/?tool=pubmed\">crime and sexual assault\u003c/a>, as well as \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934720\">refugees\u003c/a> – found an improvement in the quality of their dreams, and overall sleep, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Veterans Affairs is undergoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.research.va.gov/programs/csp/csp563.cfm\">its own study \u003c/a>on prazosin in PTSD, which is taking part in 13 medical centers across the country. But is already prescribing the drug to about 15 percent of its PTSD patients -- about 70,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray Raskind, for one, would like to see that number rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For us,\" he says, \"it's a simple thing that works.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The hallmark of a healthy dream is its weirdness. PTSD dreams, in contrast, are like a broken record, the same, real-life event, played over and over again, in some patients, for decades. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370996846,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1166},"headData":{"title":"Can PTSD Nightmares Be Cured? | KQED","description":"The hallmark of a healthy dream is its weirdness. PTSD dreams, in contrast, are like a broken record, the same, real-life event, played over and over again, in some patients, for decades. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Can PTSD Nightmares Be Cured?","datePublished":"2011-12-09T19:38:33.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T00:27:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28257 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=28257","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/09/can-ptsd-nightmares-be-cured/","disqusTitle":"Can PTSD Nightmares Be Cured?","path":"/quest/28257/can-ptsd-nightmares-be-cured","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/12/2011-12-12-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/12/2011-12-12-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28265\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Kreep_Bed_Flickr_REV.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/Kreep_Bed_Flickr_REV-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Kreep_Bed_Flickr_REV\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28265\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In many PTSD patients, sleep problems such as insomnia and nightmares are the most common complaint. (Photo courtesy of Flickr user <a href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kreep\" target=\"_blank\">Kreep</a>.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sam Brace doesn’t want to talk about what he saw when he was a soldier in Iraq eight years ago. Brace is an inpatient at a PTSD treatment center run by the Department of Veterans Affairs in Menlo Park, and that trauma is something he’s actively trying not to dwell on. But what he can’t control are his dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was overseas we hit an IED, um…\" he says, trailing off. \"When I have a nightmare normally it’s something related to that. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, scientists who study PTSD thought of nightmares and insomnia as byproducts of the disorder, side effects that could only be targeted through daytime interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. But that view is changing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sam Brace and others afflicted with PTSD, nightmares and insomnia lead to alcoholism and drug abuse, and the inability to function well during the day. Doctors who treat PTSD say that sleep is central to the disorder, and that restoring it may go a long way toward helping patients return to normal lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Wacky\" dreams are healthy dreams\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Woodward, a psychiatrist with the National Center for PTSD in Menlo Park says the hallmark of a healthy dream is that it seems kind of random.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They’re wacky,\" says Woodward. \"They associate things that are not normally associated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PTSD dreams, in contrast, are like a broken record: the same, real-life event, played over and over again. Woodward says he's seen patients haunted by the same true-to-life nightmare for twenty years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question scientists had was: why? Why can't people with PTSD sleep normally?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Healthy sleep as therapy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://walkerlab.berkeley.edu/people.html\">Matthew Walker\u003c/a> is a sleep researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. One of his particular interests is in rapid eye movement, or REM. It’s the stage of sleep where a lot of dreaming occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>REM sleep is also the only time of the day that the brain stops producing a kind of adrenaline called norepinephrine. That fact struck Walker as an intriguing mystery. Why would rapid eye movement sleep suppress this neurochemical, he wondered. Is there any function to that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Walker and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119526\">found\u003c/a> is that in healthy people, REM sleep is kind of like therapy. It's an adrenaline-free environment where the brain can process its memories while stripping away their sharp, emotional edges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you come back the next day,\" says Walker, \"yes, you can better recollect [the memory]. But also, it doesn’t trigger that same visceral reaction that you had at the time of learning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emotions are useful, says Walker, because they show us what really matters to us. But it's not useful to hold onto what he calls the \"emotional blanket,\" that accompanied the original event. The emotions, he says, \"have done their job. Now it’s time to hold on to the information of that memory, but let go of the emotion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Broken\" REM sleep\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker believes that in many people who have PTSD, REM sleep is broken. Something about PTSD either causes the brain to be overly sensitive to norepinephrine, or forces the brain to create too much of it. The brain's adrenaline system is effectively out of whack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, REM sleep is no longer theraputic. The PTSD brain can't process tough memories, so it just cycles through them, again and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which begs a question: What if you could change that? What if you could make the adrenaline go away?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An old drug finds a new role\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray Raskind directs Mental Health Services for the Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System. About a decade ago, he became interested in a drug called Prazosin, which was traditionally used to treat high blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prazosin can be bought generically for about ten cents a pill. It can have the side effect of making people dizzy. For the most part, it's been supplanted by other, more recent hypertension drugs, whose effects last longer. But Prazosin turned out to have another use: It makes the PTSD brain less receptive to adrenaline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, as Raskind discovered, prazosin can change the way those patients dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raskind tells the story of one of the first vets he ever treated with prazosin, a veteran Raskind calls Charles, who spent 13 months in a combat infantry unit in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What haunted Charles was one specific event from his service: Under an ambush by Vietcong forces, Charles and a fellow soldier, his closest friend, found themselves trapped in a landing zone in the jungle. Charles watched as his friend was killed by a mortar round. Fragments of the round pierced Charles' right knee, leaving him unable to run. Charles was saved at the last minute by troops in a Huey helicopter, just as Vietcong forces climbed through the wire to reach him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This near-death experience,\" says Raskind, \"and even more distressing, the death of his best friend, whose death he felt he was unable to prevent, haunted him most nights, every week, year in and year out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few weeks of Prazosin, Charles came in for a follow-up appointment. He told Raskind that he didn't think the drug was working. He was still dreaming, just about something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Raskind, the dream went like this: \"I'm in my fifth-grade classroom. And there’s a test, and if I don’t pass the test, I’m not gonna be promoted to the next grade. And I never even got the assignment!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the stress dream, says Raskind, of a healthy brain, trying to work things out. \"I said 'Charles, that’s MY nightmare!'\" Raskind recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far the studies on prazosin have been small (abstracts can be found online, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Thompson%20CE%2C%20Taylor%20FB%2C%20McFall%20ME%2C%20Barnes%20RF%2C%20Raskind%20MA\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20473055\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20726290\">here\u003c/a> – as well as of a 2008 round-up of data, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18387899\">here\u003c/a>) but promising in decreasing nightmares and helping people sleep longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other small studies involving non-combat PTSD – people who had been victims of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2350188/?tool=pubmed\">crime and sexual assault\u003c/a>, as well as \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934720\">refugees\u003c/a> – found an improvement in the quality of their dreams, and overall sleep, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Veterans Affairs is undergoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.research.va.gov/programs/csp/csp563.cfm\">its own study \u003c/a>on prazosin in PTSD, which is taking part in 13 medical centers across the country. But is already prescribing the drug to about 15 percent of its PTSD patients -- about 70,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray Raskind, for one, would like to see that number rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For us,\" he says, \"it's a simple thing that works.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/28257/can-ptsd-nightmares-be-cured","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_22","quest_10537","quest_10536","quest_13203","quest_10532","quest_10533","quest_2328","quest_13202","quest_10538","quest_10535","quest_2655","quest_10534","quest_10531"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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