A-Head of the Curve: Interview with Concussion Expert Kevin Guskiewicz
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After relocating from Rochester, NY, Daniel has covered science issues affecting North Carolina's environment and communities. When he is not writing about science, Daniel enjoys going to garage sales (for the books, of course!) and running around his adopted home of Chapel Hill.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bc568f3b45d208858038d0a1f8aa646a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Daniel Lane | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bc568f3b45d208858038d0a1f8aa646a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bc568f3b45d208858038d0a1f8aa646a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dlane"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_55063":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_55063","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"55063","score":null,"sort":[1375797658000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"to-drink-or-not-drinking-water-test-kit","title":"To Drink, or Not To Drink","publishDate":1375797658,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Sobsey-Marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57893 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Sobsey-Marquee-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hupdiggs\">@hupdiggs\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Dan Lane, UNC Chapel Hill\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are reading this article, you are probably one of the fortunate ones. Chances are you can trust that the glass of water in front of you is safe to drink. Sadly, that’s not the case for about a quarter of the world’s population. Nearly two \u003cstrong>billion \u003c/strong>people around the world get sick every year from untreated water. Of those affected, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/\">two million die, including 750,000 children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply put, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html\">contaminated water leads to more deaths than HIV/AIDS\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The silent assassins are bacteria like E. coli, which find their way from fecal waste into the local water supply. You can’t see it, smell it, or taste it, but it can kill you. Water may be a source of life, but it is also a vessel of disease and death. Ideally, everyone would have access to safe, treated water. But building that kind of infrastructure -- especially in remote areas -- takes time and money, something many governments and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) lack. In the meantime, the best strategy for reducing the risk of contracting water-borne illnesses is to determine where the bacterial bad guys are lurking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58406\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 208px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3989.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58406 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3989-208x253.jpg\" alt=\"More people die every year from contaminated water than HIV/AIDS. Photo courtesy, Dr. Mark Sobsey.\" width=\"208\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fecal bacteria, like E. coli, infect nearly 2 billion people per year. Photo courtesy Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The problem is that most detection methods are prohibitively expensive and technical, and getting the results takes a long time. Many tests require taking specialized gear -- test tubes, pipettes, and sterilizing equipment -- to the water source. Another option is to ship water samples from the field to commercial labs around the world. Both methods require trained technicians and can push the price up to $100 per test. Such high costs have severely limited the number of water-quality tests being conducted in at-risk regions -- until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“As far as measuring what water is safe to drink, [the UN] probably got it wrong,” says Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Enter Dr. Mark Sobsey, a professor of public health at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. Sobsey developed a cheap and simple test to determine how many \u003cstrong>E. coli\u003c/strong> bacteria live in a given water sample. His \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquagenx.com/index.html\">Compartment Bag Test\u003c/a> (CBT), which looks like a plastic reclosable bag with five internal compartments, doesn’t require fancy lab equipment or trained technicians. It’s designed to be used by anyone anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-contained kit reveals within a day if a water source is safe to drink. Here’s how it works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Fill a vial with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Add some bacterial medium (bacteria food made up of carbon compounds, digested proteins, and salts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Pour the water sample into the CBT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Let the bag sit overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57892\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 229px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/CBT-Kit.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-57892 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/CBT-Kit-282x253.jpg\" alt=\"CBT Kit\" width=\"229\" height=\"205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The CBT costs less than $10, compared to $100 for alternative testing kits. Photo by @hupdiggs.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compartments containing at least one E. coli cell turn bluish green. Depending on which compartments change color, you can determine the level of contamination in the water sample. For example, if only the smallest compartment turns green, the water has about one \u003cstrong>E. coli\u003c/strong> cell in every 100 milliliters. That’s “probably safe” to drink according to Sobsey. If all five compartments turn green, your water is “unsafe,” which means you definitely don’t want to drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58405\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 218px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3801.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58405 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3801-218x253.jpg\" alt=\"0000000776-IMG_3801\" width=\"218\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">No technician required: the CBT allows end users to determine if their water is safe to drink. Photo courtesy Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a cost of less than $10, Sobsey’s user-friendly kit is poised to revolutionize the breadth and scope of water-quality testing. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG%20Report%202012.pdf\">a 2012 United Nations report\u003c/a> concluded it was\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>not possible to measure water quality worldwide, in part because of money. Instead of measuring quality, the UN set its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/\">standards based on whether water is “improved.\u003c/a>” However, “improved” water includes any water run through a pipe. Channeling muddy puddle water through a lead pipe could be considered “improved” by the UN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as measuring what water is safe to drink, [the UN] probably got it wrong,” says Sobsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cheaper tests allow NGOs to expand their water-quality testing. Through his company, Aquagenx, which he calls his “socially responsible LLC,” Sobsey has sold 20,000 CBTs to aid organizations around the world, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/water-and-sanitation\">USAID\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should be responsible to bring testing capacity to the people that need it,” says Sobsey. “Everybody deserves to know if their water is safe.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cins cite=\"mailto:David%20Huppert\" datetime=\"2013-07-11T16:41\"> \u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new bacteria testing kit has the potential to save millions of lives, one glass of water at a time.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1375808339,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":770},"headData":{"title":"To Drink, or Not To Drink | KQED","description":"A new bacteria testing kit has the potential to save millions of lives, one glass of water at a time.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"To Drink, or Not To Drink","datePublished":"2013-08-06T14:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-06T16:58:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"55063 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55063","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/06/to-drink-or-not-drinking-water-test-kit/","disqusTitle":"To Drink, or Not To Drink","path":"/quest/55063/to-drink-or-not-drinking-water-test-kit","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Sobsey-Marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-57893 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Sobsey-Marquee-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hupdiggs\">@hupdiggs\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Dan Lane, UNC Chapel Hill\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are reading this article, you are probably one of the fortunate ones. Chances are you can trust that the glass of water in front of you is safe to drink. Sadly, that’s not the case for about a quarter of the world’s population. Nearly two \u003cstrong>billion \u003c/strong>people around the world get sick every year from untreated water. Of those affected, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/\">two million die, including 750,000 children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply put, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html\">contaminated water leads to more deaths than HIV/AIDS\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The silent assassins are bacteria like E. coli, which find their way from fecal waste into the local water supply. You can’t see it, smell it, or taste it, but it can kill you. Water may be a source of life, but it is also a vessel of disease and death. Ideally, everyone would have access to safe, treated water. But building that kind of infrastructure -- especially in remote areas -- takes time and money, something many governments and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) lack. In the meantime, the best strategy for reducing the risk of contracting water-borne illnesses is to determine where the bacterial bad guys are lurking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58406\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 208px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3989.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58406 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3989-208x253.jpg\" alt=\"More people die every year from contaminated water than HIV/AIDS. Photo courtesy, Dr. Mark Sobsey.\" width=\"208\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fecal bacteria, like E. coli, infect nearly 2 billion people per year. Photo courtesy Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The problem is that most detection methods are prohibitively expensive and technical, and getting the results takes a long time. Many tests require taking specialized gear -- test tubes, pipettes, and sterilizing equipment -- to the water source. Another option is to ship water samples from the field to commercial labs around the world. Both methods require trained technicians and can push the price up to $100 per test. Such high costs have severely limited the number of water-quality tests being conducted in at-risk regions -- until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“As far as measuring what water is safe to drink, [the UN] probably got it wrong,” says Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Enter Dr. Mark Sobsey, a professor of public health at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. Sobsey developed a cheap and simple test to determine how many \u003cstrong>E. coli\u003c/strong> bacteria live in a given water sample. His \u003ca href=\"http://www.aquagenx.com/index.html\">Compartment Bag Test\u003c/a> (CBT), which looks like a plastic reclosable bag with five internal compartments, doesn’t require fancy lab equipment or trained technicians. It’s designed to be used by anyone anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-contained kit reveals within a day if a water source is safe to drink. Here’s how it works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Fill a vial with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Add some bacterial medium (bacteria food made up of carbon compounds, digested proteins, and salts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Pour the water sample into the CBT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Let the bag sit overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57892\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 229px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/CBT-Kit.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-57892 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/CBT-Kit-282x253.jpg\" alt=\"CBT Kit\" width=\"229\" height=\"205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The CBT costs less than $10, compared to $100 for alternative testing kits. Photo by @hupdiggs.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Compartments containing at least one E. coli cell turn bluish green. Depending on which compartments change color, you can determine the level of contamination in the water sample. For example, if only the smallest compartment turns green, the water has about one \u003cstrong>E. coli\u003c/strong> cell in every 100 milliliters. That’s “probably safe” to drink according to Sobsey. If all five compartments turn green, your water is “unsafe,” which means you definitely don’t want to drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58405\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 218px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3801.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-58405 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/0000000776-IMG_3801-218x253.jpg\" alt=\"0000000776-IMG_3801\" width=\"218\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">No technician required: the CBT allows end users to determine if their water is safe to drink. Photo courtesy Dr. Mark Sobsey.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a cost of less than $10, Sobsey’s user-friendly kit is poised to revolutionize the breadth and scope of water-quality testing. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG%20Report%202012.pdf\">a 2012 United Nations report\u003c/a> concluded it was\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>not possible to measure water quality worldwide, in part because of money. Instead of measuring quality, the UN set its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/\">standards based on whether water is “improved.\u003c/a>” However, “improved” water includes any water run through a pipe. Channeling muddy puddle water through a lead pipe could be considered “improved” by the UN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as measuring what water is safe to drink, [the UN] probably got it wrong,” says Sobsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cheaper tests allow NGOs to expand their water-quality testing. Through his company, Aquagenx, which he calls his “socially responsible LLC,” Sobsey has sold 20,000 CBTs to aid organizations around the world, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/water-and-sanitation\">USAID\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should be responsible to bring testing capacity to the people that need it,” says Sobsey. “Everybody deserves to know if their water is safe.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cins cite=\"mailto:David%20Huppert\" datetime=\"2013-07-11T16:41\"> \u003c/ins>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55063/to-drink-or-not-drinking-water-test-kit","authors":["10478"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12187","quest_12185","quest_13201","quest_2141","quest_12186","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_2474","quest_2530","quest_13365","quest_2906","quest_10571","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_12018","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_57893","label":"quest"},"quest_28532":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_28532","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"28532","score":null,"sort":[1323986127000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-head-of-the-curve-interview-with-concussion-expert-kevin-guskiewicz","title":"A-Head of the Curve: Interview with Concussion Expert Kevin Guskiewicz","publishDate":1323986127,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28540\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/unc_concussions640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Kevin Guskiewicz and his team use helmet accelerometers, known as the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) systems, to identify at-risk behavior on the football field.\" title=\"unc_concussions640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28540\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Kevin Guskiewicz and his team use helmet accelerometers, known as the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) systems, to identify at-risk behavior on the football field.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In September 2011, \u003ca href=\"http://tbicenter.unc.edu/MAG_Center/Home.html\">UNC-Chapel Hill sports medicine\u003c/a> researcher Kevin Guskiewicz was \u003ca href=\"http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.7730971/k.9818/Kevin_Guskiewicz.htm\">awarded a MacArthur “Genius Grant\u003c/a>” for his work on what he calls a hidden epidemic: sports-related concussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The award comes with a head-spinning a $500,000 grant, a major portion of which Guskiewicz says will go \u003ca href=\"http://college.unc.edu/news-and-media/news-archive/september2011/unc-concussion-researcher-named-macarthur-fellow\">towards his work\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an amazing interdisciplinary research team at UNC, and the MacArthur Fellowship will help us to expand our work into developing injury prevention strategies and rehabilitation protocols for concussion that can help to preserve sports as we know it today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s right: a world-renowned concussion expert wants to \u003cem>save\u003c/em>, not eliminate, contact sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might assume that Guskiewicz prefers to keep his four children off the field and on the sideline, but that’s not the case at all\u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/20/news/la-heb-macarthur-concussions-football-20110919\">. It’s been reported\u003c/a> that “three of his four children have played football, and Guskiewicz has coached Pop Warner teams for five of the last six years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, barely a week goes by without another news report linking sports related concussions to brain trauma. Even \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/july-dec11/hockey_12-06.html\">PBS NewsHour\u003c/a> is jumping into the rink. Guskiewicz applauds the media for bringing attention to the issue but he stops short of calling a TKO on all contact sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is an edited version of an \u003ca href=\"http://video.unctv.org/video/2157755106\">UNC-TV interview with with Kevin Guskiewicz\u003c/a> after he was awarded the MacArthur Fellowship:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: Let's break this down into very simple terms. What is a concussion?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: The word “concuss” means to shake violently. It's a shaking of the head. The brain rebounds off of the undersurface of the skull and can be damaged. Most often, fortunately, it's considered a mild traumatic brain injury because it's temporary in nature in terms of the signs and symptoms that [athletes] experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/unc_concussions_balance_test.jpg\" alt=\"Kevin Guskiewicz utilizes balance and orientation tests to determine the severity of sports-related head injuries. \" title=\"unc_concussions_balance_test\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28539\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kevin Guskiewicz utilizes balance and orientation tests to determine the severity of sports-related head injuries. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: What does the public think of a concussion? Do we under or overplay it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: I think there certainly has been a culture shift in the right direction, meaning we're taking it more seriously. The media has done a great job of creating awareness about the dangers of playing while still experiencing symptoms from a concussion, and we're trying to educate athletes, coaches, parents about those signs and symptoms and to take the right precautions in terms of staying out of play and not returning to play until the symptoms have resolved and being cleared by a physician or a clinician with training in concussion management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: In which sports are athletes most prone to suffering a concussion?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: [With] any collision sport there's a higher incidence of concussion. So football, lacrosse, hockey, wrestling, gymnastics. Those tend to sit at the higher end of the incidence rates in terms of concussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: How do you know you’ve suffered a concussion?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: Common signs and symptoms are headache, dizziness, blurred vision, feeling as though you're in a fog or having concentration problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that day or that evening could be difficulty sleeping or loss of appetite, things of that nature. Memory impairment, loss of consciousness. Those are two parameters we used to weigh very heavily when diagnosing a concussion and saying this truly is a “concussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go back 15, 20 years ago, it used to be, “Johnny hasn't lost consciousness, so he hasn't sustained a concussion.” Less than 10% of concussions involve loss of consciousness. So it's admitting you don't feel quite right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been described as a hidden epidemic. Unlike an ankle sprain, we can't see this injury. X-rays can't be used to identify the injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: In the everyday world, are concussions a big deal? If you get a couple in high school playing football, should you worry about it when you grow up and go about your daily life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: At UNC, we house the \u003ca href=\"http://exss.unc.edu/research-and-laboratories/center-for-the-study-of-retired-athletes/overview/\">Center for the Study of Retired Athletes\u003c/a>. We've been studying retired NFL football players for the last 11 ½ years. Those with a history of three or more concussions are at an increased risk for depression or a precursor to Alzheimer's. We do need to be concerned that once a young child or a high-schooler has had two or three concussions, we begin to ask the question, what does that mean for that individual at age 35, 45, 55? And so the late in life consequences must be considered in managing these acute injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kevin Guskiewicz, Ph.D., ATC is the Kenan Distinguished Professor and chair of the department of exercise and sport science in UNC’s College of Arts and Sciences.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To see a recent QUEST Northern California video about concussions, watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sidelined-sports-concussions/\">Sidelined: Sports Concussions\u003c/a> video story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"MacArthur \"Genius\" Kevin Guskiewicz discusses the research he and his team at UNC-Chapel Hill are conducting in the field of sports-related concussions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1325014403,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":868},"headData":{"title":"A-Head of the Curve: Interview with Concussion Expert Kevin Guskiewicz | KQED","description":"MacArthur "Genius" Kevin Guskiewicz discusses the research he and his team at UNC-Chapel Hill are conducting in the field of sports-related concussions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A-Head of the Curve: Interview with Concussion Expert Kevin Guskiewicz","datePublished":"2011-12-15T21:55:27.000Z","dateModified":"2011-12-27T19:33:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28532 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=28532","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/15/a-head-of-the-curve-interview-with-concussion-expert-kevin-guskiewicz/","disqusTitle":"A-Head of the Curve: Interview with Concussion Expert Kevin Guskiewicz","path":"/quest/28532/a-head-of-the-curve-interview-with-concussion-expert-kevin-guskiewicz","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28540\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/unc_concussions640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Kevin Guskiewicz and his team use helmet accelerometers, known as the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) systems, to identify at-risk behavior on the football field.\" title=\"unc_concussions640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-28540\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Kevin Guskiewicz and his team use helmet accelerometers, known as the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) systems, to identify at-risk behavior on the football field.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In September 2011, \u003ca href=\"http://tbicenter.unc.edu/MAG_Center/Home.html\">UNC-Chapel Hill sports medicine\u003c/a> researcher Kevin Guskiewicz was \u003ca href=\"http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.7730971/k.9818/Kevin_Guskiewicz.htm\">awarded a MacArthur “Genius Grant\u003c/a>” for his work on what he calls a hidden epidemic: sports-related concussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The award comes with a head-spinning a $500,000 grant, a major portion of which Guskiewicz says will go \u003ca href=\"http://college.unc.edu/news-and-media/news-archive/september2011/unc-concussion-researcher-named-macarthur-fellow\">towards his work\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an amazing interdisciplinary research team at UNC, and the MacArthur Fellowship will help us to expand our work into developing injury prevention strategies and rehabilitation protocols for concussion that can help to preserve sports as we know it today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s right: a world-renowned concussion expert wants to \u003cem>save\u003c/em>, not eliminate, contact sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might assume that Guskiewicz prefers to keep his four children off the field and on the sideline, but that’s not the case at all\u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/20/news/la-heb-macarthur-concussions-football-20110919\">. It’s been reported\u003c/a> that “three of his four children have played football, and Guskiewicz has coached Pop Warner teams for five of the last six years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, barely a week goes by without another news report linking sports related concussions to brain trauma. Even \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/july-dec11/hockey_12-06.html\">PBS NewsHour\u003c/a> is jumping into the rink. Guskiewicz applauds the media for bringing attention to the issue but he stops short of calling a TKO on all contact sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is an edited version of an \u003ca href=\"http://video.unctv.org/video/2157755106\">UNC-TV interview with with Kevin Guskiewicz\u003c/a> after he was awarded the MacArthur Fellowship:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: Let's break this down into very simple terms. What is a concussion?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: The word “concuss” means to shake violently. It's a shaking of the head. The brain rebounds off of the undersurface of the skull and can be damaged. Most often, fortunately, it's considered a mild traumatic brain injury because it's temporary in nature in terms of the signs and symptoms that [athletes] experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/unc_concussions_balance_test.jpg\" alt=\"Kevin Guskiewicz utilizes balance and orientation tests to determine the severity of sports-related head injuries. \" title=\"unc_concussions_balance_test\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28539\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kevin Guskiewicz utilizes balance and orientation tests to determine the severity of sports-related head injuries. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: What does the public think of a concussion? Do we under or overplay it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: I think there certainly has been a culture shift in the right direction, meaning we're taking it more seriously. The media has done a great job of creating awareness about the dangers of playing while still experiencing symptoms from a concussion, and we're trying to educate athletes, coaches, parents about those signs and symptoms and to take the right precautions in terms of staying out of play and not returning to play until the symptoms have resolved and being cleared by a physician or a clinician with training in concussion management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: In which sports are athletes most prone to suffering a concussion?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: [With] any collision sport there's a higher incidence of concussion. So football, lacrosse, hockey, wrestling, gymnastics. Those tend to sit at the higher end of the incidence rates in terms of concussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: How do you know you’ve suffered a concussion?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: Common signs and symptoms are headache, dizziness, blurred vision, feeling as though you're in a fog or having concentration problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that day or that evening could be difficulty sleeping or loss of appetite, things of that nature. Memory impairment, loss of consciousness. Those are two parameters we used to weigh very heavily when diagnosing a concussion and saying this truly is a “concussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go back 15, 20 years ago, it used to be, “Johnny hasn't lost consciousness, so he hasn't sustained a concussion.” Less than 10% of concussions involve loss of consciousness. So it's admitting you don't feel quite right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been described as a hidden epidemic. Unlike an ankle sprain, we can't see this injury. X-rays can't be used to identify the injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UNC-TV\u003c/strong>: In the everyday world, are concussions a big deal? If you get a couple in high school playing football, should you worry about it when you grow up and go about your daily life?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guskiewicz\u003c/strong>: At UNC, we house the \u003ca href=\"http://exss.unc.edu/research-and-laboratories/center-for-the-study-of-retired-athletes/overview/\">Center for the Study of Retired Athletes\u003c/a>. We've been studying retired NFL football players for the last 11 ½ years. Those with a history of three or more concussions are at an increased risk for depression or a precursor to Alzheimer's. We do need to be concerned that once a young child or a high-schooler has had two or three concussions, we begin to ask the question, what does that mean for that individual at age 35, 45, 55? And so the late in life consequences must be considered in managing these acute injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kevin Guskiewicz, Ph.D., ATC is the Kenan Distinguished Professor and chair of the department of exercise and sport science in UNC’s College of Arts and Sciences.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To see a recent QUEST Northern California video about concussions, watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/sidelined-sports-concussions/\">Sidelined: Sports Concussions\u003c/a> video story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/28532/a-head-of-the-curve-interview-with-concussion-expert-kevin-guskiewicz","authors":["10296"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_10564","quest_3578","quest_10569","quest_10565","quest_10567","quest_3351","quest_10568","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_10566","quest_10571","quest_10570","quest_10363"],"featImg":"quest_28540","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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