Birds, Blades, and the Brutal Business of Clean Energy
#Digital Landfill
Ginseng Poaching Gone Wild
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"quest_71786":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_71786","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"71786","found":true},"title":"0000039716-Underwater 1_640","publishDate":1407432907,"status":"inherit","parent":53493,"modified":1442639432,"caption":"Companies are beginning to mine the deep sea for minerals to help power high-tech components found in wind turbines, cellphones and laptops. ","credit":"Courtesy of Nautilus Minerals","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Underwater-1_640-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Underwater-1_640-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Underwater-1_640-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Underwater-1_640-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Underwater-1_640-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Underwater-1_640-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Underwater-1_640.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_70967":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_70967","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"70967","found":true},"title":"IMG_8159 sink 640x360","publishDate":1401999311,"status":"inherit","parent":70873,"modified":1401999311,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8159-sink-640x360-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8159-sink-640x360-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8159-sink-640x360-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8159-sink-640x360-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8159-sink-640x360-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8159-sink-640x360-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8159-sink-640x360.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_71434":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_71434","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"71434","found":true},"title":"Dan River640","publishDate":1404846701,"status":"inherit","parent":68204,"modified":1442643474,"caption":"What happens to the river ecosystem when tons of coal ash gets mixed into the layer of sediment on the river bottom?","credit":"Pete Harrison/Waterkeeper Alliance.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dan-River640-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dan-River640-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dan-River640-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dan-River640-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dan-River640-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dan-River640-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dan-River640.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_71003":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_71003","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"71003","found":true},"title":"IMG_8085_640x360","publishDate":1402505986,"status":"inherit","parent":70498,"modified":1442643683,"caption":"Science and technology help strawberries thrive in hostile environments like North Carolina. ","credit":"Photos: David Huppert","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8085_640x360-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8085_640x360-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8085_640x360-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8085_640x360-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8085_640x360-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8085_640x360-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8085_640x360.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_70814":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_70814","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"70814","found":true},"title":"Angel_FirstFrost","publishDate":1401301134,"status":"inherit","parent":70528,"modified":1401301134,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2779-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2779-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2779-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2779-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2779-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2779-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2779.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_70462":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_70462","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"70462","found":true},"title":"IMG_7214_640x360","publishDate":1399677775,"status":"inherit","parent":67709,"modified":1442677897,"caption":"Wood pellet exports from North America to Europe have doubled in two years to reach 4.7 million tons in 2013, according to the North American Wood Fiber Review.","credit":"Photo by David Huppert","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7214_640x360-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7214_640x360-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7214_640x360-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7214_640x360-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7214_640x360-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7214_640x360-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7214_640x360.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_65699":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_65699","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"65699","found":true},"title":"7 Baby Golden by Becca Wood Photography","publishDate":1389116182,"status":"inherit","parent":62737,"modified":1442706480,"caption":"Golden eagles are North America’s largest bird of prey. ","credit":"Image copyright B Wood Photography","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-400x299.jpg","width":400,"height":299,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-800x598.jpg","width":800,"height":598,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-1180x882.jpg","width":1180,"height":882,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-960x718.jpg","width":960,"height":718,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/7-Baby-Golden-by-Becca-Wood-Photography.jpg","width":1197,"height":895}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_64806":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_64806","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"64806","found":true},"title":"featuredimage640","publishDate":1386714490,"status":"inherit","parent":55886,"modified":1386714490,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/featuredimage640-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/featuredimage640-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/featuredimage640-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/featuredimage640-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/featuredimage640-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/featuredimage640-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/featuredimage640.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_62054":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_62054","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"62054","found":true},"title":"0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_640X360","publishDate":1381268064,"status":"inherit","parent":50120,"modified":1381268064,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_640X360-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_640X360-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_640X360-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_640X360-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_640X360-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_640X360-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_640X360.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"davidhuppert":{"type":"authors","id":"10296","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10296","found":true},"name":"David Huppert","firstName":"David","lastName":"Huppert","slug":"davidhuppert","email":"dhuppert@unctv.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"As a producer/reporter for UNC-TV, David Huppert has spent the last 6 years immersing himself in the Old North State's culture and folklore, consuming as much of state's rich legacy (and barbecue) as possible.\r\n\r\nDavid returns to UNC-TV after a one-year hiatus in NYC where he produced for CBS This Morning. Since 2000 David has produced pieces for public television (UNC-TV, Charlie Rose) and commercial news (CBS, FNC’s The O’Reilly Factor, CNBC).\r\n\r\nWhen he’s not telling stories for television, David is either working on a documentary about Alaska’s Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, or gallivanting around North Carolina with his wife, @mediumish. You can follow him @hupdiggs and at vimeo.com/davidhuppert","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"David Huppert | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/davidhuppert"},"llaffitte":{"type":"authors","id":"10443","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10443","found":true},"name":"Lucy Laffitte","firstName":"Lucy","lastName":"Laffitte","slug":"llaffitte","email":"llaffitte@unctv.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Lucy B. Laffitte, PhD has been a science communicator and environmental educator for over thirty years. She has produced in-class and on-line instructional design, curriculum development, and certificate programs to a variety of conservation organizations, including the Oregon Museum of Natural History, Tall Timbers Research Station, North Carolina Museum of Natural Science, Salt River Project, New England Wildflower Society, Rachel Carson Institute, and Nicholas School of the Environment. She has published in print and on air—writing a nature column for The Cape Codder and was the founding radio producer for the environmental program the Allegheny Front. She has a bachelor’s degree in natural science, from the University of Oregon, a Master’s in adult education and graphic design and a PhD in environmental resources from North Carolina State University. She has been science education consultant for UNCTV working on QUEST and NC Science Now since April 2013.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f786421b3099140394e99e97ca061fd3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lucy Laffitte | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f786421b3099140394e99e97ca061fd3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f786421b3099140394e99e97ca061fd3?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/llaffitte"},"frankgraff":{"type":"authors","id":"10457","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10457","found":true},"name":"Frank Graff","firstName":"Frank","lastName":"Graff","slug":"frankgraff","email":"fgraff@unctv.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Frank is an award winning reporter who joined UNC-TV in October 2012. He moved to Raleigh in 2004 to work for the NBC-owned station and agrees wholeheartedly with the song, \"Nothing could be finer than to be in Carolina.\" Frank brings almost 25 years of TV experience to UNC-TV. He began his career in Presque Isle, Maine and has worked at stations in Clarksburg, W.Va, Lynchburg, Va., Norfolk, Baltimore and Cincinnati. \r\n\r\nFrank won a regional and national Emmy award for his coverage of riots in Cincinnati and a regional Emmy for a story on Raleigh's new downtown wayfinding system. His work has also been recognized by the Communicator awards, the Associated Press and the Society of Professional Journalists. Frank took a four year break from reporting to work with a Triangle Public Relations firm. While there, his PR and Marketing work won a Davey Award for a series of radio and television spots, as well as the social media campaign to rebrand a regional drug store chain.\r\n\r\nFrank grew up in Toledo, Ohio and graduated from Ohio University with a degree a journalism and a Master's degree in Political Science.\r\n\r\nFrank's true love is spending time with his wife and two children and his friends. He also enjoys photography, golfing and running (he's completed 3 half marathons with his wife).","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/913abdbcdfe509dc910c3e19e2875aa8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Frank Graff | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/913abdbcdfe509dc910c3e19e2875aa8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/913abdbcdfe509dc910c3e19e2875aa8?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/frankgraff"},"mshipman":{"type":"authors","id":"10464","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10464","found":true},"name":"Matt Shipman","firstName":"Matt","lastName":"Shipman","slug":"mshipman","email":"shiplives@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Matt Shipman is a science writer and public information officer at North Carolina State University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a6c669e1967330f8c806304cd1e6054?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matt Shipman | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a6c669e1967330f8c806304cd1e6054?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1a6c669e1967330f8c806304cd1e6054?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mshipman"},"jpaddock":{"type":"authors","id":"10504","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10504","found":true},"name":"Jesse Paddock","firstName":"Jesse","lastName":"Paddock","slug":"jpaddock","email":"jpaddock@unctv.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jesse Paddock is a digital media producer based in North Carolina, and is currently working as an Associate Producer for Quest. For nearly a decade he has been involved in all manner of visual storytelling, from client-based commercial work to non-profit advocacy pieces to broadcast television, where his credits included story editor on the Emmy-Award winning MADE, among other documentary programs. He has degrees in English and Screen Studies from Clark University, and has studied Comparative Literature at UNC-Chapel Hill as well as documentary narrative techniques at Duke’s Center For Documentary Studies. His writings have appeared in Planet Magazine, Slant Magazine and the Minnesota City Pages. He lives in Carrboro, North Carolina, with his wife and cat.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c263832beaa978265d7f636f96318445?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jesse Paddock | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c263832beaa978265d7f636f96318445?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c263832beaa978265d7f636f96318445?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jpaddock"},"sami":{"type":"authors","id":"10529","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10529","found":true},"name":"Sami Grover","firstName":"Sami","lastName":"Grover","slug":"sami","email":"sami@thechangecreation.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Sami Grover is a writer, blogger, brand strategist and activist based out of Durham, North Carolina. He is also Creative Director and co-owner at The Change Creation. Sami contributes regularly to TreeHugger and Mother Nature Network. You can also find his musings at ETSY Blog, NC Sustainability Center, HuffPost Green and Don't Sell Bodies. When he's not busy writing, he's probably obsessing over his compost pile.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c0fca58980f50c7a59577a29dd71d6d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sami Grover | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c0fca58980f50c7a59577a29dd71d6d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8c0fca58980f50c7a59577a29dd71d6d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sami"},"williamfunk":{"type":"authors","id":"10531","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10531","found":true},"name":"William H. Funk","firstName":"William H.","lastName":"Funk","slug":"williamfunk","email":"williamfunk3@icloud.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"William H. “Bill” Funk.\r\nA native of Kentucky, Bill writes primarily long-form and narrative creative nonfiction stories about our evolving relationship with the natural world. As a freelance writer and documentary filmmaker, his work has appeared in Birdwatcher's Digest, The Southern Quarterly and The Utne Reader. Bill enjoys hiking, literature, canoeing, birding, cinema, and arguing about politics and religion. He fosters pit bulls for a local dog rescue group and recently wrapped production of a documentary that he wrote and directed about efforts to save abandoned and abused dogs in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. Follow him @williamfunk3","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/02c77df41f73577c98c937d3db8acb36?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"William H. Funk | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/02c77df41f73577c98c937d3db8acb36?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/02c77df41f73577c98c937d3db8acb36?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/williamfunk"},"lestill":{"type":"authors","id":"10563","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10563","found":true},"name":"Lyle Estill","firstName":"Lyle","lastName":"Estill","slug":"lestill","email":"lyle@biofuels.coop","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Lyle Estill is the founder of Piedmont Biofuels, a community scale biodiesel project in Pittsboro, North Carolina. He is the author of four books, ranging from biodiesel to local economy to activism, and many articles, newspaper columns, and essays on renewable energy.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e22daf9bf93fd4aae7357131dc1f9485?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lyle Estill | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e22daf9bf93fd4aae7357131dc1f9485?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e22daf9bf93fd4aae7357131dc1f9485?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lestill"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_53493":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_53493","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"53493","score":null,"sort":[1410271252000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"deep-sea-mining-might-happen-so-what","title":"Deep-Sea Mining Might Happen. So What?","publishDate":1410271252,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expert Opinion: Dr. Cindy Lee Van Dover\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71789\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/VanD39b.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71789\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/VanD39b-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Van Dover has been exploring the deep sea for over 30 years as a researcher and submarine pilot.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Van Dover has been exploring the deep sea for over 30 years as a researcher and submarine pilot.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Cindy Van Dover is the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://nicholas.duke.edu/marinelab\" target=\"_blank\">Duke University Marine Laboratory\u003c/a>. She has spent the last 30 years exploring the deep sea. Her research has led her to hydrothermal vent fields thousands of meters below the ocean surface, as well as to conference tables around the world, where she is now helping to develop regulations around deep-sea mining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/main/topic/seafloor-mining\" target=\"_blank\">Deep-sea mining\u003c/a> is the process of extracting mineral-rich deposits from hydrothermal vents and other deep seafloor settings. The upside is more copper, manganese, and rare earth minerals to power things like wind turbines, cell phones, and computers. The downside is … unknown. Dr. Van Dover is working with an international community of governments and industry to mitigate the collateral environmental damage that will result from seafloor mining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71784\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 175px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Nautilus-AR-2012_internals_with_legend.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71784\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Nautilus-AR-2012_internals_with_legend-175x253.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge. Image Courtesy Nautilus Minerals\" width=\"175\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An example of a deep-sea mining operation. Click to enlarge. Image Courtesy Nautilus Minerals\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you reconcile your passion for the deep sea with your work with the mining community?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhen I first started thinking about deep-sea mining in the mid-2000s, I thought I would be long retired before mining really became an issue. I also thought, “I’ve helped explore the deep sea and love it; it hurts to think we will willingly damage this extraordinary environment.” But from conversations with the Secretary General of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.isa.org.jm/en/home\" target=\"_blank\">International Seabed Authority\u003c/a> and with others, seabed mining of some form or other seems inevitable. If this is so, if mining does proceed, then my role as a scientist is to use my knowledge to help minimize the environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that my generation of deep-sea scientists will be judged a century from now by the quality of environmental regulations we help to put in place. How important are the right regulations? If we don’t get it right, if we degrade the seabed, we can’t fix it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The deep sea is not on most people’s radar. Why should we care? \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs we have learned the hard way more than once, the biosphere of Earth is interconnected – what happens in one place, affects what happens elsewhere. The seafloor seems so remote to us, yet so did the ozone layer. Humans have a tremendous capacity to modify the global environment, in ways we often don’t anticipate and in ways that are very detrimental to our quality of life. Can we avoid making mistakes in the deep sea? We have to try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71808\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 238px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/R852_DSC_092004_070004_037721.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71808\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/R852_DSC_092004_070004_037721-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"A bed of tube worms cover the base of the black smoker in the Main Endeavour Vent Field, NE Pacific. Courtesy NOAA PMEL EOI\" width=\"238\" height=\"179\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bed of tube worms cover the base of the black smoker in the Main Endeavour Vent Field, NE Pacific. Courtesy NOAA PMEL EOI\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it a free-for-all on the sea floor, or is there a governing body making sure companies and countries act responsibly?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe mineral resources of the seabed in international waters are governed by a very interesting regime. \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm\" target=\"_blank\">The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea\u003c/a> came into force in 1994 and as part of this Convention, seabed minerals in the area beyond national jurisdictions became the common heritage of mankind, with equitable access and benefit sharing for all nations. The intent is that developing countries, land-locked countries, and geographically disadvantaged countries should have access to seabed minerals, not just the developed countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where are these mineral deposits located?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere are three different kinds of mineral resources of interest to the mining industry. Hydrothermal vents associated with volcanic systems on the seafloor are copper-rich and sometimes gold- and silver-rich. Fossil vent deposits of economic interest form over thousands to hundreds of thousands of years. Manganese nodules are a second kind of mineral resource, found lying on top of sediments of the abyssal plain, typically beneath 5,000 meters of water. These nodules take millennia -- millions of years -- to form. The third major mineral resource is cobalt crusts. These crusts typically are found on seamounts and are often colonized by ancient, slow-growing corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71806\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/expl0510.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/expl0510-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Van Dover says mining leases range in size from a few football fields, to the size of small countries. Image courtesy NOAA.\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Van Dover says mining leases range in size from a few football fields, to the size of small countries. Image courtesy NOAA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The sea is vast. Can you help put the size of potential mining sites in perspective?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt IS hard to comprehend dimensions as big as the deep sea. A single mining event at a hydrothermal deposit might cover an area the size of a dozen or fewer football fields. For manganese nodules, the scale of a mining area is much, much greater. Exploration lease sites for manganese nodules in international waters are extensive, the size of small countries.\u003cbr>\nWe don’t yet understand what the direct, indirect, or cumulative environmental impacts might be of mining in the deep sea on such a scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a baseline for the ecosystem services provided by the deep sea?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere are very few quantitative numbers about ecosystem services in the deep sea. This is an area of research that is critical if we are to understand how deep-sea industrialization may affect ecosystem health and ecosystem services. How can we know what is at risk, if we do not have validated quantitative models of deep-sea processes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71807\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/expl1190.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71807\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/expl1190-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"The Deep Submergence Vehicle Alvin is launched from the R/V Atlantis for the first dive to Manning seamount. Courtesy Mountains in the Sea Research Team; the IFE Crew; and NOAA/OAR/OER\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Deep Submergence Vehicle Alvin is launched from the R/V Atlantis for the first dive to Manning seamount. Courtesy Mountains in the Sea Research Team; the IFE Crew; and NOAA/OAR/OER\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it difficult to separate your passion from the science?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nI have learned to do this, to recognize that there are valid perspectives of and interests in the deep sea that are different from mine as an ecologist. As a scientist, I am obliged to give as unbiased an answer as I possibly can when asked for information about deep-sea ecosystems. The questions that I am asked by those interested in mining and environmental management of mining activities are always intellectually engaging and often difficult to answer precisely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you miss most about being at sea when you’re on land?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat I love is the focus that comes with being at sea with colleagues. We are together on a ship, working toward common goals, with very few distractions. I miss that focus, the time to just do science, 24/7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you miss most about land when you’re at sea?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGreen. There is very little green at sea, not even on the ship. Everything is blue water, blue sky, white clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*This interview has been condensed and edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Q&A With Biologist, Explorer, and Deep-Sea Advocate Dr. Cindy Lee Van Dover.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442639706,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1109},"headData":{"title":"Deep-Sea Mining Might Happen. So What? | KQED","description":"Q&A With Biologist, Explorer, and Deep-Sea Advocate Dr. Cindy Lee Van Dover.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"53493 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=53493","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/09/09/deep-sea-mining-might-happen-so-what/","disqusTitle":"Deep-Sea Mining Might Happen. So What?","source":"Geology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/geology/","path":"/quest/53493/deep-sea-mining-might-happen-so-what","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expert Opinion: Dr. Cindy Lee Van Dover\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71789\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/VanD39b.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71789\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/VanD39b-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Van Dover has been exploring the deep sea for over 30 years as a researcher and submarine pilot.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Van Dover has been exploring the deep sea for over 30 years as a researcher and submarine pilot.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Cindy Van Dover is the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://nicholas.duke.edu/marinelab\" target=\"_blank\">Duke University Marine Laboratory\u003c/a>. She has spent the last 30 years exploring the deep sea. Her research has led her to hydrothermal vent fields thousands of meters below the ocean surface, as well as to conference tables around the world, where she is now helping to develop regulations around deep-sea mining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.whoi.edu/main/topic/seafloor-mining\" target=\"_blank\">Deep-sea mining\u003c/a> is the process of extracting mineral-rich deposits from hydrothermal vents and other deep seafloor settings. The upside is more copper, manganese, and rare earth minerals to power things like wind turbines, cell phones, and computers. The downside is … unknown. Dr. Van Dover is working with an international community of governments and industry to mitigate the collateral environmental damage that will result from seafloor mining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71784\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 175px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Nautilus-AR-2012_internals_with_legend.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71784\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/0000039716-Nautilus-AR-2012_internals_with_legend-175x253.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge. Image Courtesy Nautilus Minerals\" width=\"175\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An example of a deep-sea mining operation. Click to enlarge. Image Courtesy Nautilus Minerals\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you reconcile your passion for the deep sea with your work with the mining community?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhen I first started thinking about deep-sea mining in the mid-2000s, I thought I would be long retired before mining really became an issue. I also thought, “I’ve helped explore the deep sea and love it; it hurts to think we will willingly damage this extraordinary environment.” But from conversations with the Secretary General of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.isa.org.jm/en/home\" target=\"_blank\">International Seabed Authority\u003c/a> and with others, seabed mining of some form or other seems inevitable. If this is so, if mining does proceed, then my role as a scientist is to use my knowledge to help minimize the environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that my generation of deep-sea scientists will be judged a century from now by the quality of environmental regulations we help to put in place. How important are the right regulations? If we don’t get it right, if we degrade the seabed, we can’t fix it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The deep sea is not on most people’s radar. Why should we care? \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs we have learned the hard way more than once, the biosphere of Earth is interconnected – what happens in one place, affects what happens elsewhere. The seafloor seems so remote to us, yet so did the ozone layer. Humans have a tremendous capacity to modify the global environment, in ways we often don’t anticipate and in ways that are very detrimental to our quality of life. Can we avoid making mistakes in the deep sea? We have to try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71808\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 238px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/R852_DSC_092004_070004_037721.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-71808\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/R852_DSC_092004_070004_037721-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"A bed of tube worms cover the base of the black smoker in the Main Endeavour Vent Field, NE Pacific. Courtesy NOAA PMEL EOI\" width=\"238\" height=\"179\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bed of tube worms cover the base of the black smoker in the Main Endeavour Vent Field, NE Pacific. Courtesy NOAA PMEL EOI\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it a free-for-all on the sea floor, or is there a governing body making sure companies and countries act responsibly?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe mineral resources of the seabed in international waters are governed by a very interesting regime. \u003ca href=\"http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm\" target=\"_blank\">The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea\u003c/a> came into force in 1994 and as part of this Convention, seabed minerals in the area beyond national jurisdictions became the common heritage of mankind, with equitable access and benefit sharing for all nations. The intent is that developing countries, land-locked countries, and geographically disadvantaged countries should have access to seabed minerals, not just the developed countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where are these mineral deposits located?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere are three different kinds of mineral resources of interest to the mining industry. Hydrothermal vents associated with volcanic systems on the seafloor are copper-rich and sometimes gold- and silver-rich. Fossil vent deposits of economic interest form over thousands to hundreds of thousands of years. Manganese nodules are a second kind of mineral resource, found lying on top of sediments of the abyssal plain, typically beneath 5,000 meters of water. These nodules take millennia -- millions of years -- to form. The third major mineral resource is cobalt crusts. These crusts typically are found on seamounts and are often colonized by ancient, slow-growing corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71806\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/expl0510.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/expl0510-253x169.jpg\" alt=\"Van Dover says mining leases range in size from a few football fields, to the size of small countries. Image courtesy NOAA.\" width=\"253\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Van Dover says mining leases range in size from a few football fields, to the size of small countries. Image courtesy NOAA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The sea is vast. Can you help put the size of potential mining sites in perspective?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIt IS hard to comprehend dimensions as big as the deep sea. A single mining event at a hydrothermal deposit might cover an area the size of a dozen or fewer football fields. For manganese nodules, the scale of a mining area is much, much greater. Exploration lease sites for manganese nodules in international waters are extensive, the size of small countries.\u003cbr>\nWe don’t yet understand what the direct, indirect, or cumulative environmental impacts might be of mining in the deep sea on such a scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a baseline for the ecosystem services provided by the deep sea?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere are very few quantitative numbers about ecosystem services in the deep sea. This is an area of research that is critical if we are to understand how deep-sea industrialization may affect ecosystem health and ecosystem services. How can we know what is at risk, if we do not have validated quantitative models of deep-sea processes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71807\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/expl1190.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71807\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/expl1190-225x169.jpg\" alt=\"The Deep Submergence Vehicle Alvin is launched from the R/V Atlantis for the first dive to Manning seamount. Courtesy Mountains in the Sea Research Team; the IFE Crew; and NOAA/OAR/OER\" width=\"225\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Deep Submergence Vehicle Alvin is launched from the R/V Atlantis for the first dive to Manning seamount. Courtesy Mountains in the Sea Research Team; the IFE Crew; and NOAA/OAR/OER\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it difficult to separate your passion from the science?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nI have learned to do this, to recognize that there are valid perspectives of and interests in the deep sea that are different from mine as an ecologist. As a scientist, I am obliged to give as unbiased an answer as I possibly can when asked for information about deep-sea ecosystems. The questions that I am asked by those interested in mining and environmental management of mining activities are always intellectually engaging and often difficult to answer precisely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you miss most about being at sea when you’re on land?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat I love is the focus that comes with being at sea with colleagues. We are together on a ship, working toward common goals, with very few distractions. I miss that focus, the time to just do science, 24/7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you miss most about land when you’re at sea?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGreen. There is very little green at sea, not even on the ship. Everything is blue water, blue sky, white clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*This interview has been condensed and edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/53493/deep-sea-mining-might-happen-so-what","authors":["10296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_791","quest_12951","quest_12953","quest_12269","quest_9996","quest_1834","quest_2034","quest_12952","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_2556","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_12954"],"featImg":"quest_71786","label":"source_quest_53493"},"quest_70873":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70873","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70873","score":null,"sort":[1408024800000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"5-things-everyone-should-know-about-washing-food","title":"5 Things Everyone Should Know About Washing Food","publishDate":1408024800,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Everybody eats, and no one wants to eat something that could make you sick. But there’s a lot of misinformation out there about how and whether you should wash your food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food safety is an important issue. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that each year \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/\" target=\"_blank\">one in six people\u003c/a> in the United States will get sick because of food-borne illness. And risks can be increased or decreased at every point between the farm and your fork. Yes, you want to make sure to cook your food \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/charts/mintemp.html\" target=\"_blank\">to the appropriate temperature\u003c/a>, but here are some other tips to help you make good decisions in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/washing2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/washing2-281x169.jpg\" alt=\"washing2\" width=\"166\" height=\"100\">\u003c/a>1. Don’t Wash Meat\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome people think that you’re supposed to wash chicken, turkey, or other meats before cooking. Those people are wrong. “Research shows that washing meat can spread dangerous bacteria around your kitchen or food preparation area,” said Ben Chapman, a food safety researcher at North Carolina State University. “And washing poultry under running water can spray surface contamination up to three feet away. We cook meat to make it safer; washing meat can only make a meal riskier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Pathogens-composite.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Pathogens-composite-202x169.jpg\" alt=\"Pathogens composite\" width=\"162\" height=\"135\">\u003c/a>2. Washing Fruits and Veggies Only Removes up to 99 Percent of Pathogens\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“That seems good, but it’s not great,” Chapman said. By comparison, cooking food can cut the number of bacteria or other microbial pathogens by 99.9999 percent. And that 0.9999 percent difference can be important. If a food is contaminated by thousands of microbes, washing off 99 percent means that dozens will be left behind -- and that’s enough to make you sick. That is why people who are immunocompromised, such as some chemotherapy patients, are often discouraged from eating raw fruits and vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/soap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71228\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/soap-231x253.jpg\" alt=\"soap\" width=\"162\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>3. Don’t Use Soap\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Although washing has its limitations, vigorously rinsing produce under running water is the most effective way to remove the microbes that cause foodborne illnesses,” Chapman said. You don’t need to use soap or special cleaning solutions. In fact, using soap can actually introduce additional risk, because soaps may contain chemicals that aren’t intended for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/pesticides2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71234\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/pesticides2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"pesticides2\" width=\"162\" height=\"91\">\u003c/a>4. You Can’t Get All the Pesticides Off Your Food (but Don’t Panic)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome minute traces of pesticide will probably be on -- or in -- your fruits or vegetables when you eat them. “But being able to detect a pesticide doesn’t mean that it’s a public health problem,” said Chris Gunter, a researcher at NC State who studies vegetable agriculture. That’s because, after using a pesticide, farmers are required to wait for a specific period of time before harvesting (it’s called a “pre-harvest interval”). During that time, the pesticide breaks down or washes off, meaning any residual pesticide meets \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/stprf.htm\" target=\"_blank\">EPA’s human health requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/organic-food-wash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71225\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/organic-food-wash-239x169.jpg\" alt=\"organic food wash\" width=\"162\" height=\"115\">\u003c/a>5. Even Organic Food Can Use a Rinse\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJust because produce is labeled “organic” doesn’t mean that it’s somehow immune to microbial contamination. Organic farmers usually grow their fruits and vegetables in open fields, just like conventional farmers, and are subject to some of the same risks, such as fecal contamination from wildlife (that is, poop can still get on the food).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any time you’re going to eat fresh produce you should rinse it off, if for no other reason than to rinse off dirt,” said Don Schaffner, a food safety researcher at Rutgers. “And rinsing off produce may offer some risk reduction in terms of microbial pathogens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bonus: Don’t Wash Pre-Washed Veggies\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf you’ve bought salad mix that is labeled as “pre-washed,” you really don’t need to wash it again, Schaffner said. In fact, you probably shouldn’t wash it again. “An expert panel \u003ca href=\"http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-851.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reported in 2007\u003c/a> that consumers who wash these salads again won’t reduce the risk,” Schaffner said, “and may actually create a risk of cross-contamination” where pathogens from other foods get onto the salad. In this case, being lazy is a virtue.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Why washing your food is not always the best approach.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442640884,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":731},"headData":{"title":"5 Things Everyone Should Know About Washing Food | KQED","description":"Why washing your food is not always the best approach.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"70873 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70873","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/08/14/5-things-everyone-should-know-about-washing-food/","disqusTitle":"5 Things Everyone Should Know About Washing Food","source":"Health","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","path":"/quest/70873/5-things-everyone-should-know-about-washing-food","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Everybody eats, and no one wants to eat something that could make you sick. But there’s a lot of misinformation out there about how and whether you should wash your food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food safety is an important issue. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that each year \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/\" target=\"_blank\">one in six people\u003c/a> in the United States will get sick because of food-borne illness. And risks can be increased or decreased at every point between the farm and your fork. Yes, you want to make sure to cook your food \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/charts/mintemp.html\" target=\"_blank\">to the appropriate temperature\u003c/a>, but here are some other tips to help you make good decisions in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/washing2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/washing2-281x169.jpg\" alt=\"washing2\" width=\"166\" height=\"100\">\u003c/a>1. Don’t Wash Meat\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome people think that you’re supposed to wash chicken, turkey, or other meats before cooking. Those people are wrong. “Research shows that washing meat can spread dangerous bacteria around your kitchen or food preparation area,” said Ben Chapman, a food safety researcher at North Carolina State University. “And washing poultry under running water can spray surface contamination up to three feet away. We cook meat to make it safer; washing meat can only make a meal riskier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Pathogens-composite.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Pathogens-composite-202x169.jpg\" alt=\"Pathogens composite\" width=\"162\" height=\"135\">\u003c/a>2. Washing Fruits and Veggies Only Removes up to 99 Percent of Pathogens\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“That seems good, but it’s not great,” Chapman said. By comparison, cooking food can cut the number of bacteria or other microbial pathogens by 99.9999 percent. And that 0.9999 percent difference can be important. If a food is contaminated by thousands of microbes, washing off 99 percent means that dozens will be left behind -- and that’s enough to make you sick. That is why people who are immunocompromised, such as some chemotherapy patients, are often discouraged from eating raw fruits and vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/soap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71228\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/soap-231x253.jpg\" alt=\"soap\" width=\"162\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>3. Don’t Use Soap\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Although washing has its limitations, vigorously rinsing produce under running water is the most effective way to remove the microbes that cause foodborne illnesses,” Chapman said. You don’t need to use soap or special cleaning solutions. In fact, using soap can actually introduce additional risk, because soaps may contain chemicals that aren’t intended for human consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/pesticides2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71234\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/pesticides2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"pesticides2\" width=\"162\" height=\"91\">\u003c/a>4. You Can’t Get All the Pesticides Off Your Food (but Don’t Panic)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome minute traces of pesticide will probably be on -- or in -- your fruits or vegetables when you eat them. “But being able to detect a pesticide doesn’t mean that it’s a public health problem,” said Chris Gunter, a researcher at NC State who studies vegetable agriculture. That’s because, after using a pesticide, farmers are required to wait for a specific period of time before harvesting (it’s called a “pre-harvest interval”). During that time, the pesticide breaks down or washes off, meaning any residual pesticide meets \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/stprf.htm\" target=\"_blank\">EPA’s human health requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/organic-food-wash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-71225\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/organic-food-wash-239x169.jpg\" alt=\"organic food wash\" width=\"162\" height=\"115\">\u003c/a>5. Even Organic Food Can Use a Rinse\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJust because produce is labeled “organic” doesn’t mean that it’s somehow immune to microbial contamination. Organic farmers usually grow their fruits and vegetables in open fields, just like conventional farmers, and are subject to some of the same risks, such as fecal contamination from wildlife (that is, poop can still get on the food).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any time you’re going to eat fresh produce you should rinse it off, if for no other reason than to rinse off dirt,” said Don Schaffner, a food safety researcher at Rutgers. “And rinsing off produce may offer some risk reduction in terms of microbial pathogens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bonus: Don’t Wash Pre-Washed Veggies\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf you’ve bought salad mix that is labeled as “pre-washed,” you really don’t need to wash it again, Schaffner said. In fact, you probably shouldn’t wash it again. “An expert panel \u003ca href=\"http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/datastore/234-851.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reported in 2007\u003c/a> that consumers who wash these salads again won’t reduce the risk,” Schaffner said, “and may actually create a risk of cross-contamination” where pathogens from other foods get onto the salad. In this case, being lazy is a virtue.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70873/5-things-everyone-should-know-about-washing-food","authors":["10464"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_521","quest_1122","quest_12885","quest_12269","quest_1779","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_13364","quest_13365","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_12883","quest_12884"],"featImg":"quest_70967","label":"source_quest_70873"},"quest_68204":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68204","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68204","score":null,"sort":[1406037618000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"coal-ash-conundrum","title":"Coal Ash Conundrum","publishDate":1406037618,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST North Carolina’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/dlane/\">Daniel Lane\u003c/a> contributed to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Sunday in February in Eden, North Carolina, a sinkhole formed in the middle of a pond of coal ash slurry next to the retired Dan River Steam Station. A stormwater pipe underneath the ash pond cracked and was sucking in ash and shuttling it to the nearby river. Duke Energy, owner of the facility, sent emergency crews to the site, but it was a complicated fix. By the time they got it securely sealed on Thursday, the 48-inch pipe had belched more than 39,000 tons of coal ash into the Dan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dan, a major tributary of one of the largest and least disturbed ecosystems on the East Coast, ran gray. From Danville, Virginia, whose 42,000 residents draw their water from the river, to Kerr Lake, home to seven recreation areas with 800 miles of trails, a gray ribbon of coal ash was visible along 70 miles of prime sport-fishing territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71432\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/coal-ash-generation.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71432 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/coal-ash-generation-326x253.jpg\" alt=\" \" width=\"326\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coal ash can have 24 times the concentration of selenium compared to native soil. Click to enlarge. Courtesy: EPA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is Coal Ash?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Coal ash is a byproduct of burning coal to make electricity. For every nine million tons of coal burned in the U.S., approximately \u003ca href=\"http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/coal/coalmyb01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one ton of coal ash is produced\u003c/a>. Coal ash is a highly concentrated source of the mineral content that is left after the carbon is burned. It is similar to soil in terms of grain size and texture but contains high concentrations of toxic elements like selenium and arsenic. Coal ash is typically stored wet behind earthen dams adjacent to the power plant. The security of these impoundments is currently under review. The EPA is assessing the hazard potential of the 676 impoundments around the country. As of March 2014, 52 surface impoundments were given a “high” hazard potential rating by the EPA, meaning a failure of the impoundment is “probable, one or more expected.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhy This Matters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Water tests at the Danville water treatment plant showed a spike in arsenic in the first days of the contamination, but arsenic levels returned to normal a week later. The ash, however, was not gone. It was just gone from view, merged with the most fertile zone in a river -- the nutrient-rich and life-giving layer of sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most species of aquatic insects live in the sediment, collecting, filtering, and grazing upon minute particles of food. Nothing goes to waste down there, not even the arsenic and selenium from coal ash. Heavy metals get lodged into the tissues of any insect that eats them. When minnows eat the insects, they consume the toxins. Larger fish get toxins from every minnow they eat. As you climb higher in the food chain, the amount of arsenic or selenium you find multiplies progressively. This process is called \u003ca href=\"http://sustainablenano.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/3-bioaccumulation-vs-biomagnification.png\" target=\"_blank\">biomagnification\u003c/a> and it has impacts on a food web from bottom to top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://media.news.wfu.edu/experts/dennis-lemly/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Dennis Lemly\u003c/a>, research fish biologist and professor of biology at Wake Forest University, calls selenium an “invisible” toxin because it doesn’t directly harm the fish that eats it. “Instead, it migrates to the ovaries and enters growing embryos, causing defects in major organs and physical deformities in the head, spine, mouth, and fins (see effects of selenium poisoning in North Carolina \u003ca href=\"http://appvoices.org/2013/12/05/effects-of-selenium-poisoning-deformed-and-dying-fish-at-sutton-lake/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>). A lot of them die shortly after birth,” Lemly said. “So over a period of two or three years, the older fish die off and there’s no young ones to replace them and repopulate. They just die off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-400x253.jpg\" alt=\"Location of coal ash contamination sites as of Feb, 2014. Red denotes a coal ash contaminated site. Green denotes a coal ash spill. Black denotes both a contaminated site and a spill. Source: EPA Coal Ash Damage Cases. Map courtesy Arc-GIS\" width=\"367\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-400x253.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-800x505.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-1180x746.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-960x607.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites.jpg 1396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Location of coal ash contamination sites as of Feb, 2014. Red denotes a coal ash contaminated site. Green denotes a coal ash spill. Black denotes both a contaminated site and a spill. Click to enlarge. Source: EPA Coal Ash Damage Cases. Map courtesy Arc-GIS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future of Coal Ash Disposal\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhile the long-term effects of the Dan River coal ash spill won't be known for a while, the short-term effects may be influencing regulation. In 2008, the catastrophic 1.1 billion gallon spill in Kingston, Tennessee, galvanized public debate about coal ash storage. In 2010, the EPA proposed the nation’s first-ever rules to ensure the safe disposal of coal ash. According to the EPA, “these rules would ensure stronger oversight of the structural integrity of impoundments in order to prevent future accidents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Lemly is in favor of more regulation, “I have been on record many times recommending a complete banning of the surface disposal in impoundments. I continue to do that. I’m hopeful that the EPA ruling on coal ash that is supposed to come out in December will provide a complete ban on surface impoundment disposal.” The EPA is expected to finalize their rules for coal ash on December 19.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What happens when 39,000 tons of coal ash spill into a river?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442643527,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":824},"headData":{"title":"Coal Ash Conundrum | KQED","description":"What happens when 39,000 tons of coal ash spill into a river?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"68204 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68204","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/07/22/coal-ash-conundrum/","disqusTitle":"Coal Ash Conundrum","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68204/coal-ash-conundrum","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>QUEST North Carolina’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/dlane/\">Daniel Lane\u003c/a> contributed to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Sunday in February in Eden, North Carolina, a sinkhole formed in the middle of a pond of coal ash slurry next to the retired Dan River Steam Station. A stormwater pipe underneath the ash pond cracked and was sucking in ash and shuttling it to the nearby river. Duke Energy, owner of the facility, sent emergency crews to the site, but it was a complicated fix. By the time they got it securely sealed on Thursday, the 48-inch pipe had belched more than 39,000 tons of coal ash into the Dan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dan, a major tributary of one of the largest and least disturbed ecosystems on the East Coast, ran gray. From Danville, Virginia, whose 42,000 residents draw their water from the river, to Kerr Lake, home to seven recreation areas with 800 miles of trails, a gray ribbon of coal ash was visible along 70 miles of prime sport-fishing territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71432\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 326px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/coal-ash-generation.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71432 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/coal-ash-generation-326x253.jpg\" alt=\" \" width=\"326\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coal ash can have 24 times the concentration of selenium compared to native soil. Click to enlarge. Courtesy: EPA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is Coal Ash?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Coal ash is a byproduct of burning coal to make electricity. For every nine million tons of coal burned in the U.S., approximately \u003ca href=\"http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/coal/coalmyb01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one ton of coal ash is produced\u003c/a>. Coal ash is a highly concentrated source of the mineral content that is left after the carbon is burned. It is similar to soil in terms of grain size and texture but contains high concentrations of toxic elements like selenium and arsenic. Coal ash is typically stored wet behind earthen dams adjacent to the power plant. The security of these impoundments is currently under review. The EPA is assessing the hazard potential of the 676 impoundments around the country. As of March 2014, 52 surface impoundments were given a “high” hazard potential rating by the EPA, meaning a failure of the impoundment is “probable, one or more expected.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhy This Matters\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Water tests at the Danville water treatment plant showed a spike in arsenic in the first days of the contamination, but arsenic levels returned to normal a week later. The ash, however, was not gone. It was just gone from view, merged with the most fertile zone in a river -- the nutrient-rich and life-giving layer of sediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most species of aquatic insects live in the sediment, collecting, filtering, and grazing upon minute particles of food. Nothing goes to waste down there, not even the arsenic and selenium from coal ash. Heavy metals get lodged into the tissues of any insect that eats them. When minnows eat the insects, they consume the toxins. Larger fish get toxins from every minnow they eat. As you climb higher in the food chain, the amount of arsenic or selenium you find multiplies progressively. This process is called \u003ca href=\"http://sustainablenano.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/3-bioaccumulation-vs-biomagnification.png\" target=\"_blank\">biomagnification\u003c/a> and it has impacts on a food web from bottom to top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://media.news.wfu.edu/experts/dennis-lemly/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Dennis Lemly\u003c/a>, research fish biologist and professor of biology at Wake Forest University, calls selenium an “invisible” toxin because it doesn’t directly harm the fish that eats it. “Instead, it migrates to the ovaries and enters growing embryos, causing defects in major organs and physical deformities in the head, spine, mouth, and fins (see effects of selenium poisoning in North Carolina \u003ca href=\"http://appvoices.org/2013/12/05/effects-of-selenium-poisoning-deformed-and-dying-fish-at-sutton-lake/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>). A lot of them die shortly after birth,” Lemly said. “So over a period of two or three years, the older fish die off and there’s no young ones to replace them and repopulate. They just die off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-400x253.jpg\" alt=\"Location of coal ash contamination sites as of Feb, 2014. Red denotes a coal ash contaminated site. Green denotes a coal ash spill. Black denotes both a contaminated site and a spill. Source: EPA Coal Ash Damage Cases. Map courtesy Arc-GIS\" width=\"367\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-400x253.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-800x505.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-1180x746.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites-960x607.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/4.-location-of-coal-ash-sites.jpg 1396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Location of coal ash contamination sites as of Feb, 2014. Red denotes a coal ash contaminated site. Green denotes a coal ash spill. Black denotes both a contaminated site and a spill. Click to enlarge. Source: EPA Coal Ash Damage Cases. Map courtesy Arc-GIS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future of Coal Ash Disposal\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhile the long-term effects of the Dan River coal ash spill won't be known for a while, the short-term effects may be influencing regulation. In 2008, the catastrophic 1.1 billion gallon spill in Kingston, Tennessee, galvanized public debate about coal ash storage. In 2010, the EPA proposed the nation’s first-ever rules to ensure the safe disposal of coal ash. According to the EPA, “these rules would ensure stronger oversight of the structural integrity of impoundments in order to prevent future accidents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Lemly is in favor of more regulation, “I have been on record many times recommending a complete banning of the surface disposal in impoundments. I continue to do that. I’m hopeful that the EPA ruling on coal ash that is supposed to come out in December will provide a complete ban on surface impoundment disposal.” The EPA is expected to finalize their rules for coal ash on December 19.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68204/coal-ash-conundrum","authors":["10443"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12922","quest_12923","quest_638","quest_12924","quest_12269","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_2759","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_3114"],"featImg":"quest_71434","label":"source_quest_68204"},"quest_70498":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70498","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70498","score":null,"sort":[1404914450000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"using-science-to-grow-better-strawberries","title":"Using Science to Grow Better Strawberries","publishDate":1404914450,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It’s not your fault, gardeners. Strawberries are not very well suited to this \u003ca href=\"http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-north-carolina-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php\" target=\"_blank\">hot, dry climate\u003c/a>. That’s why your garden-variety strawberries probably don’t look -- or taste -- much like the plump varieties found at farm stands or grocery stores. But help is on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact is, the North Carolina climate is hostile to the so-called “love fruit.” These delicate seed receptacles are more suited to temperate climates, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fred.ifas.ufl.edu/pdf/webinar/Strawberry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">like coastal California\u003c/a>, where cool, moist nights help the plant thrive. But strawberries \u003cstrong>can\u003c/strong> flourish in more extreme climates, thanks to science and “North Carolina is able to grow strawberries because of all the science and technology that is devoted to the crop,” said Debby Wechsler, executive secretary of the North Carolina Strawberry Association. “It’s really what is known as intense management. It takes a lot of care. It’s not like you just throw them out and let them grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A good example of that intense management can be seen on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wallerfamilyfarm.com/Site/Welcome.html\" target=\"_blank\">Waller Family Farm\u003c/a> in Durham, NC. Mark Waller farms 40 acres of strawberries on what used to be a tobacco farm. Customers can pick their own strawberries or visit the market he runs during the strawberry season, which lasts anywhere from April through June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we see about eight to ten blooms per plant, we really pick up the intensity around the farm,” said Waller. “Not only are we fertilizing but we are also really watching for frost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where North Carolina State University Professor Emeritus Barclay Poling’s research comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s real humid, with ‘lots of moisture in the air’ type of night, we can get frost or ice crystals on the bloom and we’ve killed blossoms as high as 31 degrees, which is really interesting,” explained Poling. “If it’s a dry night, with a low dew point, in those conditions the flowers can super cool to as low as 27, so that’s quite a range.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcV_jYeHGQ0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch this video to learn how farmers and scientists use digital thermometers to help strawberries thrive in North Carolina.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poling has found the average critical temperature for strawberry blooms in the state is 28 degrees. If the blooms get much colder than that, they will either stay dormant and wait for warmer weather or possibly die if the cold persists. Because the blooms are the most vulnerable tissue for the strawberry plant, and the most critical to a successful harvest, Poling compiles a wealth of weather information into an alert system to warn farmers of significant weather events during the all-important spring growing season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a key tool in this “nurture versus nature” battle is a new type of handheld digital thermometer, which Poling helped develop. Electrodes at one end of a wire are inserted into the strawberry blossoms while the other end of the wire is connected to a digital thermometer. The device reads the temperature of the strawberry blossom. Farmers use those readings together with the weather forecast to decide whether to cover the crops or irrigate them to protect from frost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just protection from the cold: the handheld thermometer is also helpful as the weather gets warm. If the strawberry blossom temperature gets too high, the farmer needs to increase irrigation to cool the plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71007\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8109_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71007\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8109_640x360-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_8109_640x360\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The United States is the world's leading strawberry producer, accounting for \u003ca href=\"http://www.fred.ifas.ufl.edu/pdf/webinar/Strawberry.pdf\">over 25 percent of global production\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The reality is that for all of the help science has provided to strawberry farmers, Mother Nature is still full of surprises and challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of like going out on a hike and seeing a sign that says ‘unmarked trail,’” said Poling as he smiled and plucked a berry from a plant to examine it. “For all we can monitor and plan for, every strawberry season is an unmarked trail, and so you go out and anticipate what might be happening, but you are never sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does that leave you, the intrepid gardener, trying to grow strawberries in this hostile North Carolina environment? Well, you can either invest in one of Poling’s $1,000 thermometers, or you can head to your closest \u003ca href=\"http://www.pickyourown.org/NC.htm\" target=\"_blank\">“U-pick” farm\u003c/a>, walk the rows, and pick your own perfectly plump strawberries for under $2 a pound.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch how scientists and farmers work together to grow strawberries in hostile climates.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442643788,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":767},"headData":{"title":"Using Science to Grow Better Strawberries | KQED","description":"Watch how scientists and farmers work together to grow strawberries in hostile climates.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"70498 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70498","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/07/09/using-science-to-grow-better-strawberries/","disqusTitle":"Using Science to Grow Better Strawberries","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","path":"/quest/70498/using-science-to-grow-better-strawberries","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s not your fault, gardeners. Strawberries are not very well suited to this \u003ca href=\"http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-north-carolina-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php\" target=\"_blank\">hot, dry climate\u003c/a>. That’s why your garden-variety strawberries probably don’t look -- or taste -- much like the plump varieties found at farm stands or grocery stores. But help is on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact is, the North Carolina climate is hostile to the so-called “love fruit.” These delicate seed receptacles are more suited to temperate climates, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fred.ifas.ufl.edu/pdf/webinar/Strawberry.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">like coastal California\u003c/a>, where cool, moist nights help the plant thrive. But strawberries \u003cstrong>can\u003c/strong> flourish in more extreme climates, thanks to science and “North Carolina is able to grow strawberries because of all the science and technology that is devoted to the crop,” said Debby Wechsler, executive secretary of the North Carolina Strawberry Association. “It’s really what is known as intense management. It takes a lot of care. It’s not like you just throw them out and let them grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A good example of that intense management can be seen on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wallerfamilyfarm.com/Site/Welcome.html\" target=\"_blank\">Waller Family Farm\u003c/a> in Durham, NC. Mark Waller farms 40 acres of strawberries on what used to be a tobacco farm. Customers can pick their own strawberries or visit the market he runs during the strawberry season, which lasts anywhere from April through June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we see about eight to ten blooms per plant, we really pick up the intensity around the farm,” said Waller. “Not only are we fertilizing but we are also really watching for frost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where North Carolina State University Professor Emeritus Barclay Poling’s research comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s real humid, with ‘lots of moisture in the air’ type of night, we can get frost or ice crystals on the bloom and we’ve killed blossoms as high as 31 degrees, which is really interesting,” explained Poling. “If it’s a dry night, with a low dew point, in those conditions the flowers can super cool to as low as 27, so that’s quite a range.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/BcV_jYeHGQ0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/BcV_jYeHGQ0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch this video to learn how farmers and scientists use digital thermometers to help strawberries thrive in North Carolina.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poling has found the average critical temperature for strawberry blooms in the state is 28 degrees. If the blooms get much colder than that, they will either stay dormant and wait for warmer weather or possibly die if the cold persists. Because the blooms are the most vulnerable tissue for the strawberry plant, and the most critical to a successful harvest, Poling compiles a wealth of weather information into an alert system to warn farmers of significant weather events during the all-important spring growing season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a key tool in this “nurture versus nature” battle is a new type of handheld digital thermometer, which Poling helped develop. Electrodes at one end of a wire are inserted into the strawberry blossoms while the other end of the wire is connected to a digital thermometer. The device reads the temperature of the strawberry blossom. Farmers use those readings together with the weather forecast to decide whether to cover the crops or irrigate them to protect from frost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just protection from the cold: the handheld thermometer is also helpful as the weather gets warm. If the strawberry blossom temperature gets too high, the farmer needs to increase irrigation to cool the plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71007\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8109_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-71007\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_8109_640x360-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_8109_640x360\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The United States is the world's leading strawberry producer, accounting for \u003ca href=\"http://www.fred.ifas.ufl.edu/pdf/webinar/Strawberry.pdf\">over 25 percent of global production\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The reality is that for all of the help science has provided to strawberry farmers, Mother Nature is still full of surprises and challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of like going out on a hike and seeing a sign that says ‘unmarked trail,’” said Poling as he smiled and plucked a berry from a plant to examine it. “For all we can monitor and plan for, every strawberry season is an unmarked trail, and so you go out and anticipate what might be happening, but you are never sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does that leave you, the intrepid gardener, trying to grow strawberries in this hostile North Carolina environment? Well, you can either invest in one of Poling’s $1,000 thermometers, or you can head to your closest \u003ca href=\"http://www.pickyourown.org/NC.htm\" target=\"_blank\">“U-pick” farm\u003c/a>, walk the rows, and pick your own perfectly plump strawberries for under $2 a pound.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70498/using-science-to-grow-better-strawberries","authors":["10457"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_1073","quest_12269","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_2530","quest_12908","quest_2809","quest_13364","quest_10363","quest_10303"],"featImg":"quest_71003","label":"source_quest_70498"},"quest_70528":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70528","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70528","score":null,"sort":[1402408839000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"foraging-for-a-better-beer","title":"Foraging for a Better Beer","publishDate":1402408839,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch as a Durham, NC brewery makes persimmon beer from foraging to fermentation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m not normally a drinker of fruity beers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An occasional orange slice is one thing, but beer infused with raspberry, strawberry, or pear is not my thing. Give me a malty or hoppy beer, just please leave the fruit out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or at least that’s what I used to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being introduced to First Frost, Fullsteam Brewery’s persimmon beer, I can confirm that not all fruity beers are created equal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fullsteam.ag/\" target=\"_blank\">Fullsteam Brewery\u003c/a>, located in Durham, North Carolina, specializes in what they call “plow to pint” beer. That basically means they use local ingredients (including sweet potatoes) in their beer making. On my last visit, their “yeast wrangler” was on her way to a local park to collect pollen samples for in-house yeast production. They use local ingredients because it helps area farmers, it makes their beer uniquely “Southern,” and it’s a great way to distinguish and market their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70813\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2762_2_persimmon16x9.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70813\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2762_2_persimmon16x9-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Fullsteam Brewery pays community members $2.50 per pound for native, foraged persimmons. \" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Persimmons ripen around the first frost of the year, when they often fall to the ground. Photos by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few years ago Fullsteam’s Chief Executive Optimist -- yes, that’s on his business card -- Sean Lilly Wilson decided to brew a beer with persimmons, an abundant fruit in the South. But obtaining enough persimmons proved problematic. The specific variety they needed (\u003ca href=\"http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/diospyros/virginiana.htm\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Diospyros Virginiana\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>), with its cinnamon and apricot notes, is most commonly found in people’s backyards. So they did what any modern brewery would do: they reached out via Facebook and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/fullsteam/status/119133609192996864\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter\u003c/a>, asking people to forage for persimmons. From Raleigh to Rougemont, people were shaking persimmon trees, collecting the fallen fruit, and selling them to Fullsteam for market rate ($2.50 a pound).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As food prices soar and people search for a way to reduce waste and connect with the land, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/video/05/16/2014/weeding-out-and-dining-in-foraging-with-tama-matsuoka-wong.html\" target=\"_blank\">foraging\u003c/a> - a hippie-naturalist version of dumpster diving - has seen a bump in popularity across the country. There are countless blogs, books, apps, and even \u003ca href=\"http://foragesf.com/wild-kitchen/\" target=\"_blank\">restaurants\u003c/a> that specialize in collecting wild specimens for edible and medicinal purposes. Today’s foragers are not your typical mushroom hunters of yesteryear, combing the woods in search of the perfect chanterelles. Today’s foragers are often urban, sophisticated, and, very often, \u003ca href=\"http://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/culinary/wine-beer-and-spirits/The-Foraged-Beer-Trend.html\" target=\"_blank\">beer-minded\u003c/a>. Which brings us back to Fullsteam’s persimmon partnership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70817\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Angel_foraged.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70817 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Angel_foraged-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Angel_foraged\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fullsteam Brewery pays community members, including Angel Elliott of Rougemont, N.C., $2.50 per pound for native, foraged persimmons.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year’s batch of First Frost beer included 550 pounds of native persimmons. Asked if Fullsteam could make the beer without the community support, Mr. Optimist gave an emphatic “no.” They simply don’t have the resources to go into the woods and collect all those persimmons themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Fullsteam admits to supplementing the community-foraged persimmons with commercial varieties, they believe the community is an indispensable ingredient. Their Forager initiative is as much about using local ingredients as it is connecting people with the land. If this sounds like PR green-washing, just spend an afternoon in the tavern talking to employees and patrons. It seems everyone is a backyard gardener, chicken keeper, or farmer’s market shopper. In Durham, buying local is more than a bumper sticker slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as far as taste goes, well, I found myself too wrapped up in the legend of the fruit -- they said it’s ripest just before the first frost -- and the history of the beer to pay too much attention to its flavor profile. I like my beer cold and uncomplicated. And this one tasted like beer. Community beer. With hints of foraging and pumpkin. Good enough for me.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch as a Durham, NC brewery makes persimmon beer from foraging to fermentation. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442677694,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":638},"headData":{"title":"Foraging for a Better Beer | KQED","description":"Watch as a Durham, NC brewery makes persimmon beer from foraging to fermentation. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"70528 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70528","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/06/10/foraging-for-a-better-beer/","disqusTitle":"Foraging for a Better Beer","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lRiLdOb8sI","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/70528/foraging-for-a-better-beer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch as a Durham, NC brewery makes persimmon beer from foraging to fermentation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m not normally a drinker of fruity beers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An occasional orange slice is one thing, but beer infused with raspberry, strawberry, or pear is not my thing. Give me a malty or hoppy beer, just please leave the fruit out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or at least that’s what I used to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being introduced to First Frost, Fullsteam Brewery’s persimmon beer, I can confirm that not all fruity beers are created equal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fullsteam.ag/\" target=\"_blank\">Fullsteam Brewery\u003c/a>, located in Durham, North Carolina, specializes in what they call “plow to pint” beer. That basically means they use local ingredients (including sweet potatoes) in their beer making. On my last visit, their “yeast wrangler” was on her way to a local park to collect pollen samples for in-house yeast production. They use local ingredients because it helps area farmers, it makes their beer uniquely “Southern,” and it’s a great way to distinguish and market their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70813\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2762_2_persimmon16x9.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70813\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_2762_2_persimmon16x9-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"Fullsteam Brewery pays community members $2.50 per pound for native, foraged persimmons. \" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Persimmons ripen around the first frost of the year, when they often fall to the ground. Photos by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few years ago Fullsteam’s Chief Executive Optimist -- yes, that’s on his business card -- Sean Lilly Wilson decided to brew a beer with persimmons, an abundant fruit in the South. But obtaining enough persimmons proved problematic. The specific variety they needed (\u003ca href=\"http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/diospyros/virginiana.htm\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>Diospyros Virginiana\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>), with its cinnamon and apricot notes, is most commonly found in people’s backyards. So they did what any modern brewery would do: they reached out via Facebook and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/fullsteam/status/119133609192996864\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter\u003c/a>, asking people to forage for persimmons. From Raleigh to Rougemont, people were shaking persimmon trees, collecting the fallen fruit, and selling them to Fullsteam for market rate ($2.50 a pound).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As food prices soar and people search for a way to reduce waste and connect with the land, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/video/05/16/2014/weeding-out-and-dining-in-foraging-with-tama-matsuoka-wong.html\" target=\"_blank\">foraging\u003c/a> - a hippie-naturalist version of dumpster diving - has seen a bump in popularity across the country. There are countless blogs, books, apps, and even \u003ca href=\"http://foragesf.com/wild-kitchen/\" target=\"_blank\">restaurants\u003c/a> that specialize in collecting wild specimens for edible and medicinal purposes. Today’s foragers are not your typical mushroom hunters of yesteryear, combing the woods in search of the perfect chanterelles. Today’s foragers are often urban, sophisticated, and, very often, \u003ca href=\"http://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/culinary/wine-beer-and-spirits/The-Foraged-Beer-Trend.html\" target=\"_blank\">beer-minded\u003c/a>. Which brings us back to Fullsteam’s persimmon partnership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70817\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Angel_foraged.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70817 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Angel_foraged-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Angel_foraged\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fullsteam Brewery pays community members, including Angel Elliott of Rougemont, N.C., $2.50 per pound for native, foraged persimmons.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year’s batch of First Frost beer included 550 pounds of native persimmons. Asked if Fullsteam could make the beer without the community support, Mr. Optimist gave an emphatic “no.” They simply don’t have the resources to go into the woods and collect all those persimmons themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Fullsteam admits to supplementing the community-foraged persimmons with commercial varieties, they believe the community is an indispensable ingredient. Their Forager initiative is as much about using local ingredients as it is connecting people with the land. If this sounds like PR green-washing, just spend an afternoon in the tavern talking to employees and patrons. It seems everyone is a backyard gardener, chicken keeper, or farmer’s market shopper. In Durham, buying local is more than a bumper sticker slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as far as taste goes, well, I found myself too wrapped up in the legend of the fruit -- they said it’s ripest just before the first frost -- and the history of the beer to pay too much attention to its flavor profile. I like my beer cold and uncomplicated. And this one tasted like beer. Community beer. With hints of foraging and pumpkin. Good enough for me.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70528/foraging-for-a-better-beer","authors":["10296"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_12448","quest_12876","quest_12874","quest_12875","quest_1127","quest_12269","quest_12873","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_12872","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_2822","quest_13364","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_3071","quest_3831"],"featImg":"quest_70814","label":"source_quest_70528"},"quest_67709":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_67709","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"67709","score":null,"sort":[1401372001000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wood-pellet-exports-to-europe","title":"In Wood We Trust","publishDate":1401372001,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When it comes to extracting riches from the southern forest there’s a new game in town. Over the past few years a new cottage industry has emerged focused on milling wood pellets and shipping them to Europe to be fired with coal for electricity production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it turns out the forests in eastern North Carolina are ripe for the picking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/forestry/background.html\" target=\"_blank\">woods of North Carolina\u003c/a> have long been a rich provider of resources. Hardwood trees are harvested for pallets and furniture and softwoods for pulp and paper. North Carolina’s southern yellow pine is more commonly known to consumers as a “two-by-four” and is a ubiquitous part of the building industry nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not breaking news that forest resources are renewable. Those of us who live or spend time in the woods can’t help but be in awe of the rapid rejuvenation that occurs naturally after a field is cleared. In an era when renewability is seen as “green,” it’s logical that we turn to our forests. To some, it makes sense that we would harvest and burn biomass to reduce our coal consumption. But does it make sense to pelletize wood in the U.S. only to ship it overseas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70459\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 307px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7153.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70459\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7153-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">63% of U.S. wood pellet exports come from the South, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri-ltd.com/pdfs/GTWMU%20North%20America%20wood%20pellet%20exports%202013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Wood Resources International\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enterprising foresters in North Carolina are figuring out how to pelletize waste wood, which consists mostly of tree crowns and weed species that are the byproduct of the forest harvest. The pellets are then shipped to markets where they are valued as a renewable source of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The markets for these wood products are increasingly found across the Atlantic. The European Union has decreed that \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/index_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\">20 percent of energy in EU countries must come from renewable sources by 2020\u003c/a>. Europe’s carbon market (unlike America’s) puts a high value on burning “green” energy sources, and wood pellets from North Carolina are fueling this mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One argument in favor of pelletizing leftover crowns is that it’s better than letting them rot on the forest floor. After all, rotting wood releases stored carbon and contributes to the very greenhouse gases we’re trying to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70468\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 345px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-Enviva__Ahoskie-NC__2012__credit-Dogwood-Alliance-Southwings-c.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-Enviva__Ahoskie-NC__2012__credit-Dogwood-Alliance-Southwings-c-349x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"345\" height=\"250\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Enviva wood pellet plant in Ahoskie, NC operates 24/7. Most of their products are shipped to Europe where it is valued as a renewable energy source. Photo courtesy Dogwood Alliance & SouthWings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, many environmentalists oppose the idea of pelletizing or burning biomass of any kind. They see a denuding of the landscape, where we take everything we can get our hands on -- from wooded wetlands to trees from pristine swamps to stands of old growth forest. They are also concerned with the loss of biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"//www.nrdc.org/energy/forestnotfuel/enviva-wood-pellets.asp\" target=\"_blank\">According to the Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a>, the source for much of these wood pellets -- the southeastern mixed forest and the middle Atlantic coastal forest ecoregions -- “have been designated by the World Wildlife Fund as Critical/Endangered, because of their high biodiversity and the combination of habitat fragmentation, conversion, and other threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While our forests are able to yield plenty of lumber, furniture, and toilet paper, they have no hope of keeping up with our insatiable desire for energy. Conservationists are concerned that the unchecked use of woody biomass for energy could have a devastating impact on our forests. Organizations like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dogwoodalliance.org/2014/03/monster-enviva-wood-pellet-plants-invade-northeast-nc-communities/\" target=\"_blank\">Dogwood Alliance\u003c/a>, based in Asheville, North Carolina, advocate for keeping our forests out of the energy equation altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dogwood Alliance considers the shipping of this resource to Europe to be a travesty. For Europe to reduce its emissions and claim a “green-energy credit” by burning pellets from southern forests is seen by many as absurd. Among other things, fossil energy is required to ship the wood pellets to Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time one culture has stripped another of its resources. Japan’s civilization was built on trees imported from Australia, and the Turkish Empire stripped the Middle East of trees almost entirely. It’s hard to imagine North Carolina as a desert, but human endeavor has done this before all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70467\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-clearcuts-credit-Southwings.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70467 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-clearcuts-credit-Southwings-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to wood pellet manufacturer Enviva, clear-cutting forests is often the most sustainable approach to forest management. Photo credit SouthWings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days it’s fashionable for scholars to argue about when one resource or another has “peaked.” Peak oil, peak coal, even peak uranium has made it into today’s energy debate, and the notion of “peak forest” is no exception. When a resource peaks, it doesn’t mean that it ceases to exist: it implies that it will get progressively more expensive as more and more of it consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has tried to buy land in the woods of North Carolina knows that the southern forest has peaked. Property in areas populated with hardwoods is way more expensive than pine woodlands. Cleared land is even cheaper. Whether for wildlife habitat or shading homes, hardwood lots are prized -- this is something both conservationists and realtors can agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question that North Carolina and other wooded states need to consider is, how much of our natural capital are we interested in converting into financial capital by shipping our forest resources to Europe? Perhaps it’s time to put a value on the ecological services our woods provide in the U.S. so that our forests are not destroyed in the process of keeping Europe “green.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Does milling wood pellets in North Carolina and shipping them to Europe make sense?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442678011,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":937},"headData":{"title":"In Wood We Trust | KQED","description":"Does milling wood pellets in North Carolina and shipping them to Europe make sense?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"67709 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67709","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/29/wood-pellet-exports-to-europe/","disqusTitle":"In Wood We Trust","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/67709/wood-pellet-exports-to-europe","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it comes to extracting riches from the southern forest there’s a new game in town. Over the past few years a new cottage industry has emerged focused on milling wood pellets and shipping them to Europe to be fired with coal for electricity production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it turns out the forests in eastern North Carolina are ripe for the picking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/forestry/background.html\" target=\"_blank\">woods of North Carolina\u003c/a> have long been a rich provider of resources. Hardwood trees are harvested for pallets and furniture and softwoods for pulp and paper. North Carolina’s southern yellow pine is more commonly known to consumers as a “two-by-four” and is a ubiquitous part of the building industry nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not breaking news that forest resources are renewable. Those of us who live or spend time in the woods can’t help but be in awe of the rapid rejuvenation that occurs naturally after a field is cleared. In an era when renewability is seen as “green,” it’s logical that we turn to our forests. To some, it makes sense that we would harvest and burn biomass to reduce our coal consumption. But does it make sense to pelletize wood in the U.S. only to ship it overseas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70459\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 307px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7153.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70459\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_7153-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"205\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">63% of U.S. wood pellet exports come from the South, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri-ltd.com/pdfs/GTWMU%20North%20America%20wood%20pellet%20exports%202013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Wood Resources International\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enterprising foresters in North Carolina are figuring out how to pelletize waste wood, which consists mostly of tree crowns and weed species that are the byproduct of the forest harvest. The pellets are then shipped to markets where they are valued as a renewable source of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The markets for these wood products are increasingly found across the Atlantic. The European Union has decreed that \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/index_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\">20 percent of energy in EU countries must come from renewable sources by 2020\u003c/a>. Europe’s carbon market (unlike America’s) puts a high value on burning “green” energy sources, and wood pellets from North Carolina are fueling this mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One argument in favor of pelletizing leftover crowns is that it’s better than letting them rot on the forest floor. After all, rotting wood releases stored carbon and contributes to the very greenhouse gases we’re trying to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70468\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 345px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-Enviva__Ahoskie-NC__2012__credit-Dogwood-Alliance-Southwings-c.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-Enviva__Ahoskie-NC__2012__credit-Dogwood-Alliance-Southwings-c-349x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"345\" height=\"250\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Enviva wood pellet plant in Ahoskie, NC operates 24/7. Most of their products are shipped to Europe where it is valued as a renewable energy source. Photo courtesy Dogwood Alliance & SouthWings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, many environmentalists oppose the idea of pelletizing or burning biomass of any kind. They see a denuding of the landscape, where we take everything we can get our hands on -- from wooded wetlands to trees from pristine swamps to stands of old growth forest. They are also concerned with the loss of biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"//www.nrdc.org/energy/forestnotfuel/enviva-wood-pellets.asp\" target=\"_blank\">According to the Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a>, the source for much of these wood pellets -- the southeastern mixed forest and the middle Atlantic coastal forest ecoregions -- “have been designated by the World Wildlife Fund as Critical/Endangered, because of their high biodiversity and the combination of habitat fragmentation, conversion, and other threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While our forests are able to yield plenty of lumber, furniture, and toilet paper, they have no hope of keeping up with our insatiable desire for energy. Conservationists are concerned that the unchecked use of woody biomass for energy could have a devastating impact on our forests. Organizations like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dogwoodalliance.org/2014/03/monster-enviva-wood-pellet-plants-invade-northeast-nc-communities/\" target=\"_blank\">Dogwood Alliance\u003c/a>, based in Asheville, North Carolina, advocate for keeping our forests out of the energy equation altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dogwood Alliance considers the shipping of this resource to Europe to be a travesty. For Europe to reduce its emissions and claim a “green-energy credit” by burning pellets from southern forests is seen by many as absurd. Among other things, fossil energy is required to ship the wood pellets to Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time one culture has stripped another of its resources. Japan’s civilization was built on trees imported from Australia, and the Turkish Empire stripped the Middle East of trees almost entirely. It’s hard to imagine North Carolina as a desert, but human endeavor has done this before all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70467\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-clearcuts-credit-Southwings.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70467 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/0000034594-clearcuts-credit-Southwings-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to wood pellet manufacturer Enviva, clear-cutting forests is often the most sustainable approach to forest management. Photo credit SouthWings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days it’s fashionable for scholars to argue about when one resource or another has “peaked.” Peak oil, peak coal, even peak uranium has made it into today’s energy debate, and the notion of “peak forest” is no exception. When a resource peaks, it doesn’t mean that it ceases to exist: it implies that it will get progressively more expensive as more and more of it consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has tried to buy land in the woods of North Carolina knows that the southern forest has peaked. Property in areas populated with hardwoods is way more expensive than pine woodlands. Cleared land is even cheaper. Whether for wildlife habitat or shading homes, hardwood lots are prized -- this is something both conservationists and realtors can agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question that North Carolina and other wooded states need to consider is, how much of our natural capital are we interested in converting into financial capital by shipping our forest resources to Europe? Perhaps it’s time to put a value on the ecological services our woods provide in the U.S. so that our forests are not destroyed in the process of keeping Europe “green.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/67709/wood-pellet-exports-to-europe","authors":["10563"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_11765","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_482","quest_984","quest_12861","quest_1044","quest_12269","quest_12729","quest_12862","quest_12858","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_2992","quest_2993","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_12046","quest_12859"],"featImg":"quest_70462","label":"source_quest_67709"},"quest_62737":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_62737","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"62737","score":null,"sort":[1389279600000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"birds-blades-and-the-brutal-business-of-clean-energy","title":"Birds, Blades, and the Brutal Business of Clean Energy","publishDate":1389279600,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Migrating annually from northeast Canada down the spine of the southern Appalachians is a very small and genetically unique subpopulation of golden eagles (\u003cstrong>Aquila chrysaetos\u003c/strong>). These raptors are generally thought to inhabit the arid mesas and icy buttes of the American West, but a few thousand spend their winters in upland forests and pastures far to the east. It’s here that these great birds are now facing a formidable and unexpected foe: wind energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5-Sunset-birds-Jack-Geiser.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5-Sunset-birds-Jack-Geiser-363x253.jpg\" alt=\"5 Sunset birds Jack Geiser\" width=\"363\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">573,000 birds died as a result of wind turbines in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wsb.260/abstract\">according to a study\u003c/a> published by The Wildlife Society. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jg_photo_art/10735752396/in/photolist-hmFxaf-gfe2YJ-cUJSEm-9uNWLr-9uS3CG-dsc8p9-8Z84nB-dsc8sJ-dsc8qm-94Sngj-akS4rN-deWLBz-94Snc3-9TGbnD-9TKYdd-fKpJr8-boysAo-fxDnTX-9AmJBh-bTW9jZ-81H342-8EkQAZ-f9tgdm-8DDJLk-7T8zj7-aec6Vx-9uNpun-9ESNdT-8cWCei-d9FaLu-azHjfz-95UV8z-9GuUqx-c5LPA5-b2MWWX-b2MRE4-aaoQJW-dsc3Ti-dsc3UF-8WRBjc-dsccvj-asEfjg-dPYWDJ-9k8Pgj-9Wnp4j-9Wjy2x-9WnoBC-9WnoXS-9Wjy1k-9WjxSM-9WnoQ9/lightbox/\">Jack Geiser\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During their continental migration golden eagles must conserve as much energy as possible. They accomplish this by spending less time hunting and more time gliding, using geographic features like mountain ridges to capture updrafts that buoy them along their way. But eagles are not the only ones seeking to exploit these thermal patterns: wind turbines are often placed along the same breezy ridges that migratory birds and bats depend upon. The result is that wildlife and wind turbines increasingly occupy the same flight path, and that’s bad news for the birds, which can fall victim to the turbines’ 120-foot blades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2013, the Department of Justice successfully prosecuted Duke Energy under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act for the killing of 14 golden eagles at a wind farm in Wyoming. Conveniently for energy corporations like Duke -- and less so for eagles -- in December 2013, the Obama Administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Eagle-deaths-split-wind-farm-debate-5053033.php\">finalized a rule\u003c/a> allowing the incidental “take” of golden and bald eagles by wind farms over a 30-year period of operation, a decision that flies in the face of federal law and drastically heightens the likelihood of further eagle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65684\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/2-Golden-b-by-Mark-Jones.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65684\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/2-Golden-b-by-Mark-Jones-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"2 Golden b by Mark Jones\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A subpopulation of golden eagles migrate annually from northeast Canada down the southern Appalachian Mountains. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/56992548@N07/6266405350/in/photolist-axJXZy-axK2xs-axKbty-9ST75g-fkroiZ-7TrMAh-7E8vNm-iixGB4-88SAQx-8Stx2u-8A4zzs-eYXqPk-fJbX2w-buKaeh-8qfz5n-8pyYXY-gnBS8V-8pzAef-bSD5xa-9Mmiu8-846Cp1-bv4n9r-88vc5k-88vc5c-9jM7U7-eHgQbV-cZ7tN9-8rYY5Q-7GpD58-einChc-fHUpKn-fJbWpf-88vc56-8qjhao-b6ZzUH-f2A1dz-f2zVYv-bcVQGp-91HJpC-91HMgG-91HKah-7AbJAr-e71g3D-9vFwnM-9n3NUh-9gg39f-a84t4w-8bzC55-8qfs6g-cHLHJL-dxMA4j\">Mark Jones\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And wind turbines are not the only danger Appalachian golden eagles face during their southern sojourn. Much of the birds’ winter nourishment comes from winter-killed deer that have expired over the long frozen nights. But some of these initial deaths come from animals wounded during the region’s popular deer season, and it is this food source that unfortunately poses an additional and insidious threat to the eagles. When a lead rifle bullet strikes an animal, it fragments into many pieces, sending shrapnel tearing through the target’s organs and soft tissues. This amplifies the weapon’s killing power and leaves a deadly legacy for scavengers feeding on the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether from gut piles left behind from field-dressing kills or from animals that were wounded and died unclaimed, lead bullet fragments left in the wild will likely be consumed by something: a bear, a fox, an eagle -- nature rarely lets nourishment go to waste. Birds are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of lead. Fortunately, there are lead ammunition \u003ca href=\"http://www.huntingwithnonlead.org\">alternatives such as copper\u003c/a> that are now widely available. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters/\">See this QUEST story\u003c/a> about California’s efforts to protect the California condor from the dangers posed by lead ammunition.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65700\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/8-golden-strike-by-The-Bird-Group.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65700\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/8-golden-strike-by-The-Bird-Group-271x360.jpg\" alt=\"8 golden strike by The Bird Group\" width=\"190\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photo, courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://birdgroup.org/researchconservation/aviansafetyresearch.html\">The Bird Group\u003c/a>, allegedly shows a golden eagle killed by a wind turbine collision.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s recent ban on lead hunting ammunition isn’t likely to be duplicated in West Virginia any time soon, but a little care in the placement of wind turbines might be a much more realistic starting point for the long-term protection of these eagles. With climate change manifesting itself more clearly with each passing season, wind energy is making an important contribution toward a more sustainable, clean-burning future. But every technology has its tradeoffs, and quite a long shadow can fall between the idea and the reality, especially when it’s cast by a row of 330-foot-tall rotating turbines. The biologists and policymakers with whom I spoke while reporting this article agree that for renewable energy to be truly sustainable over the long term, it must be undertaken in such a way as to minimize the harmful impacts it can have on the natural environment it’s meant to champion. Renewables are certainly better than fossil fuels, but they are still a form of industry that requires oversight and regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65689\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/4-Golden-Released-by-Leon-Roland-cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65689\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/4-Golden-Released-by-Leon-Roland-cropped-327x253.jpg\" alt=\"Golden eagles face a threat from lead bullets as well as wind turbines. Photo courtesy Leon Roland.\" width=\"327\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden eagles in the eastern United States face a threat from lead bullets as well as wind turbines. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rolandlh/4395412731/in/photolist-7GpD58-b6ZzUH-f2A1dz-f2zVYv-bcVQGp-91HJpC-91HMgG-91HKah-7AbJAr-e71g3D-9vFwnM-9n3NUh-9gcWP2-9gg39f-a84t4w-8bzC55-8qfs6g-cHLHJL-dxMA4j-dSnV1y-9tSQ4n-9tSQ1X-bWXaAf-9tVN33-aBCsgt-aBCsgB-aBCsgk-dkw8QL-b56SsP-9zqiYP-fPWWg3-c2pZkQ-gY3ujR-bkofic-dGj6CA-dGj8uN-dGj5Q5-dGdG3i-dGdDWX-dGdDya-dGdGnV-bkoh3g-aooC6j-hSZeVu-eXStM9-9bJxXi-9bJy3a-eYxuVb-eYm6f4-9ztg8C-9zqi4c/\">Leon Roland\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration’s decision to excuse turbines from statutes that protect eagles from other manmade dangers runs counter to legal precedent. Without fear of penalty, there is little reason to expect the wind energy corporations to deliberately site new turbines in areas removed from eagle migratory routes. The broken bodies of these magnificent eagles sprawled beneath the massive revolving blades seem to be the preventable \u003ca href=\"http://birdgroup.org/images/374_IMG_4297.JPG\">casualties\u003c/a> of a new gold rush for federal incentives supporting clean energy, another obstacle on the long, slow road to a sustainable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Does a shift toward renewable energy sources mean choosing between wind turbines and wildlife? Author William H. Funk weighs in.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442706521,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":837},"headData":{"title":"Birds, Blades, and the Brutal Business of Clean Energy | KQED","description":"Does a shift toward renewable energy sources mean choosing between wind turbines and wildlife? Author William H. Funk weighs in.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"62737 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=62737","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/09/birds-blades-and-the-brutal-business-of-clean-energy/","disqusTitle":"Birds, Blades, and the Brutal Business of Clean Energy","path":"/quest/62737/birds-blades-and-the-brutal-business-of-clean-energy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Migrating annually from northeast Canada down the spine of the southern Appalachians is a very small and genetically unique subpopulation of golden eagles (\u003cstrong>Aquila chrysaetos\u003c/strong>). These raptors are generally thought to inhabit the arid mesas and icy buttes of the American West, but a few thousand spend their winters in upland forests and pastures far to the east. It’s here that these great birds are now facing a formidable and unexpected foe: wind energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5-Sunset-birds-Jack-Geiser.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5-Sunset-birds-Jack-Geiser-363x253.jpg\" alt=\"5 Sunset birds Jack Geiser\" width=\"363\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">573,000 birds died as a result of wind turbines in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wsb.260/abstract\">according to a study\u003c/a> published by The Wildlife Society. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jg_photo_art/10735752396/in/photolist-hmFxaf-gfe2YJ-cUJSEm-9uNWLr-9uS3CG-dsc8p9-8Z84nB-dsc8sJ-dsc8qm-94Sngj-akS4rN-deWLBz-94Snc3-9TGbnD-9TKYdd-fKpJr8-boysAo-fxDnTX-9AmJBh-bTW9jZ-81H342-8EkQAZ-f9tgdm-8DDJLk-7T8zj7-aec6Vx-9uNpun-9ESNdT-8cWCei-d9FaLu-azHjfz-95UV8z-9GuUqx-c5LPA5-b2MWWX-b2MRE4-aaoQJW-dsc3Ti-dsc3UF-8WRBjc-dsccvj-asEfjg-dPYWDJ-9k8Pgj-9Wnp4j-9Wjy2x-9WnoBC-9WnoXS-9Wjy1k-9WjxSM-9WnoQ9/lightbox/\">Jack Geiser\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During their continental migration golden eagles must conserve as much energy as possible. They accomplish this by spending less time hunting and more time gliding, using geographic features like mountain ridges to capture updrafts that buoy them along their way. But eagles are not the only ones seeking to exploit these thermal patterns: wind turbines are often placed along the same breezy ridges that migratory birds and bats depend upon. The result is that wildlife and wind turbines increasingly occupy the same flight path, and that’s bad news for the birds, which can fall victim to the turbines’ 120-foot blades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2013, the Department of Justice successfully prosecuted Duke Energy under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act for the killing of 14 golden eagles at a wind farm in Wyoming. Conveniently for energy corporations like Duke -- and less so for eagles -- in December 2013, the Obama Administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Eagle-deaths-split-wind-farm-debate-5053033.php\">finalized a rule\u003c/a> allowing the incidental “take” of golden and bald eagles by wind farms over a 30-year period of operation, a decision that flies in the face of federal law and drastically heightens the likelihood of further eagle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65684\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/2-Golden-b-by-Mark-Jones.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65684\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/2-Golden-b-by-Mark-Jones-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"2 Golden b by Mark Jones\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A subpopulation of golden eagles migrate annually from northeast Canada down the southern Appalachian Mountains. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/56992548@N07/6266405350/in/photolist-axJXZy-axK2xs-axKbty-9ST75g-fkroiZ-7TrMAh-7E8vNm-iixGB4-88SAQx-8Stx2u-8A4zzs-eYXqPk-fJbX2w-buKaeh-8qfz5n-8pyYXY-gnBS8V-8pzAef-bSD5xa-9Mmiu8-846Cp1-bv4n9r-88vc5k-88vc5c-9jM7U7-eHgQbV-cZ7tN9-8rYY5Q-7GpD58-einChc-fHUpKn-fJbWpf-88vc56-8qjhao-b6ZzUH-f2A1dz-f2zVYv-bcVQGp-91HJpC-91HMgG-91HKah-7AbJAr-e71g3D-9vFwnM-9n3NUh-9gg39f-a84t4w-8bzC55-8qfs6g-cHLHJL-dxMA4j\">Mark Jones\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And wind turbines are not the only danger Appalachian golden eagles face during their southern sojourn. Much of the birds’ winter nourishment comes from winter-killed deer that have expired over the long frozen nights. But some of these initial deaths come from animals wounded during the region’s popular deer season, and it is this food source that unfortunately poses an additional and insidious threat to the eagles. When a lead rifle bullet strikes an animal, it fragments into many pieces, sending shrapnel tearing through the target’s organs and soft tissues. This amplifies the weapon’s killing power and leaves a deadly legacy for scavengers feeding on the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether from gut piles left behind from field-dressing kills or from animals that were wounded and died unclaimed, lead bullet fragments left in the wild will likely be consumed by something: a bear, a fox, an eagle -- nature rarely lets nourishment go to waste. Birds are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of lead. Fortunately, there are lead ammunition \u003ca href=\"http://www.huntingwithnonlead.org\">alternatives such as copper\u003c/a> that are now widely available. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters/\">See this QUEST story\u003c/a> about California’s efforts to protect the California condor from the dangers posed by lead ammunition.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65700\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/8-golden-strike-by-The-Bird-Group.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65700\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/8-golden-strike-by-The-Bird-Group-271x360.jpg\" alt=\"8 golden strike by The Bird Group\" width=\"190\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photo, courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://birdgroup.org/researchconservation/aviansafetyresearch.html\">The Bird Group\u003c/a>, allegedly shows a golden eagle killed by a wind turbine collision.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s recent ban on lead hunting ammunition isn’t likely to be duplicated in West Virginia any time soon, but a little care in the placement of wind turbines might be a much more realistic starting point for the long-term protection of these eagles. With climate change manifesting itself more clearly with each passing season, wind energy is making an important contribution toward a more sustainable, clean-burning future. But every technology has its tradeoffs, and quite a long shadow can fall between the idea and the reality, especially when it’s cast by a row of 330-foot-tall rotating turbines. The biologists and policymakers with whom I spoke while reporting this article agree that for renewable energy to be truly sustainable over the long term, it must be undertaken in such a way as to minimize the harmful impacts it can have on the natural environment it’s meant to champion. Renewables are certainly better than fossil fuels, but they are still a form of industry that requires oversight and regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65689\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/4-Golden-Released-by-Leon-Roland-cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65689\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/4-Golden-Released-by-Leon-Roland-cropped-327x253.jpg\" alt=\"Golden eagles face a threat from lead bullets as well as wind turbines. Photo courtesy Leon Roland.\" width=\"327\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden eagles in the eastern United States face a threat from lead bullets as well as wind turbines. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rolandlh/4395412731/in/photolist-7GpD58-b6ZzUH-f2A1dz-f2zVYv-bcVQGp-91HJpC-91HMgG-91HKah-7AbJAr-e71g3D-9vFwnM-9n3NUh-9gcWP2-9gg39f-a84t4w-8bzC55-8qfs6g-cHLHJL-dxMA4j-dSnV1y-9tSQ4n-9tSQ1X-bWXaAf-9tVN33-aBCsgt-aBCsgB-aBCsgk-dkw8QL-b56SsP-9zqiYP-fPWWg3-c2pZkQ-gY3ujR-bkofic-dGj6CA-dGj8uN-dGj5Q5-dGdG3i-dGdDWX-dGdDya-dGdGnV-bkoh3g-aooC6j-hSZeVu-eXStM9-9bJxXi-9bJy3a-eYxuVb-eYm6f4-9ztg8C-9zqi4c/\">Leon Roland\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration’s decision to excuse turbines from statutes that protect eagles from other manmade dangers runs counter to legal precedent. Without fear of penalty, there is little reason to expect the wind energy corporations to deliberately site new turbines in areas removed from eagle migratory routes. The broken bodies of these magnificent eagles sprawled beneath the massive revolving blades seem to be the preventable \u003ca href=\"http://birdgroup.org/images/374_IMG_4297.JPG\">casualties\u003c/a> of a new gold rush for federal incentives supporting clean energy, another obstacle on the long, slow road to a sustainable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/62737/birds-blades-and-the-brutal-business-of-clean-energy","authors":["10531"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_339","quest_616","quest_12269","quest_1235","quest_1819","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_12549","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_3165","quest_3166"],"featImg":"quest_65699","label":"quest"},"quest_55886":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_55886","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"55886","score":null,"sort":[1387292442000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"litterati-digital-landfill","title":"#Digital Landfill","publishDate":1387292442,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64807\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64807\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\" width=\"640\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640-400x133.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has been mushroom hunting will be familiar with the experience of walking for hours and not seeing a single specimen. Yet the minute you locate your first mushroom, they suddenly appear everywhere. Known interchangeably as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.damninteresting.com/the-baader-meinhof-phenomenon/\">Baader-Meinhof phenomenon\u003c/a> and the frequency illusion, such shifts in perception are the result of our brain’s extraordinary capacity to spot and interpret patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once we notice something, we’re much more likely to take note when we come across it again. Without realizing it, we’ve had a shift in consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1-253x253.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\" width=\"253\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For tech entrepreneur Jeff Kirschner, this phenomenon may hold the key to solving a uniquely modern problem -- litter. It all started when he took a walk in the woods with his children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter noticed a plastic tub of kitty litter in a creek. ‘Daaaaddy, that doesn't go there.’ That was an eye-opening moment for me,” Kirschner said. “We have become desensitized to trash. Litter is so ubiquitous that for most of us it just fades into the background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our culture’s tendency to litter has wide-reaching consequences. According to a recent study \u003ca href=\"http://www.statisticbrain.com/littering-statistics/\">over 75 percent of us admit to littering\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s the big deal? When litter doesn't make it to a recycling center or trash bin, it ends up in the natural world. For example, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X12005668\">Plymouth University study\u003c/a> found that one-third of fish caught in the English Channel were contaminated with microplastics in their intestinal tracts, something to think about over your next plate of fish and chips! Because we humans sit toward the top of the food chain, any contamination of fish or animals eventually works its way back up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64539 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb-252x253.jpg\" alt=\"A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\" width=\"252\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kirschner started thinking about how technology might make a difference, and the result was \u003ca href=\"http://www.litterati.org/index.php\">Litterati\u003c/a>, a new kind of social network based on a shared determination to see and take responsibility for the mess that we have created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was reminded of being a kid at summer camp,” he said. “Our director would instruct us to each pick up five pieces of trash. Suddenly you had 200 kids each picking up five pieces, and within a few minutes we had a much cleaner camp. So my idea was to apply that same crowdsource-cleaning behavior to the entire planet. That was the inspiration for Litterati.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using smart phones, Litterati users take photos of trash. They share them via Instagram using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"http://instagram.com/litterati\">#litterati\u003c/a>, and then they dispose of the trash responsibly. The result is an ever-growing “virtual landfill,” which serves as a striking reminder of just how much we waste as a culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">As a recent recruit, I can attest that the experience is surprisingly addictive, and I can report a distinct shift in perception. Once you start photographing cigarette packets on the sidewalk or Coke cans in a ditch, you also start noticing what else is being thrown away -- old bandages, store receipts, condoms, beer cans -- and you are confronted with an unavoidable realization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This stuff is literally \u003cstrong>everywhere.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850-450x232.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash.\" width=\"450\" height=\"232\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Litterati doesn’t just help us see litter -- it also empowers users to do something about it. By creating a community of like-minded activists, Litterati helps normalize the act of picking up other people’s trash. Crucially, by mapping where litter is occurring and what it consists of, it also creates an important feedback loop for companies and municipalities to better understand the scope of the problem and to take more effective action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Kirschner explained, the site has already attracted some productive partnerships, “Last year on Earth Day we partnered with Whole Foods. Anyone who picked up one piece of litter could show their Litterati photograph and get a free cup of coffee. During this year's California Coastal Cleanup we partnered with the California Coastal Commission and Chipotle and ran a photo contest. And this past month we ran a contest with the NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) to help fight plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Litterati goes from here remains to be seen. It has already garnered attention from media outlets like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/10/16/change-agents-jeff-kirschner-litterati/2953709/\">USA Today\u003c/a>, and there are ideas to “gamify” the platform to encourage friendly competition among users and even communities. Kirschner enthusiastically imagines a competitive Litterati-empowered trash pickup among communities across the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, though, Kirschner insisted that Litterati is about cooperation, not competition, and taking positive action, not pointing fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to create a “litter-free world,” he said, “but I’m well aware that picking up litter doesn’t solve our trash problem. It does serve to shift consciousness, though, and we can use that newfound consciousness to inspire action from our neighbors, our communities, our governments, and the corporations we buy from, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Can an Instagram trend create a litter-free world? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1387228305,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":899},"headData":{"title":"#Digital Landfill | KQED","description":"Can an Instagram trend create a litter-free world? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"55886 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55886","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/17/litterati-digital-landfill/","disqusTitle":"#Digital Landfill","path":"/quest/55886/litterati-digital-landfill","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64807\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-64807\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\" width=\"640\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tripleimgs640-400x133.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users often take an artistic approach to their posts. Batteries and bottle caps become inspiration for Instagram updates. Source: Litterati\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anyone who has been mushroom hunting will be familiar with the experience of walking for hours and not seeing a single specimen. Yet the minute you locate your first mushroom, they suddenly appear everywhere. Known interchangeably as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.damninteresting.com/the-baader-meinhof-phenomenon/\">Baader-Meinhof phenomenon\u003c/a> and the frequency illusion, such shifts in perception are the result of our brain’s extraordinary capacity to spot and interpret patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once we notice something, we’re much more likely to take note when we come across it again. Without realizing it, we’ve had a shift in consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 253px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/1-253x253.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\" width=\"253\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati founder Jeff Kirshner tags a piece of litter in Oakland, CA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For tech entrepreneur Jeff Kirschner, this phenomenon may hold the key to solving a uniquely modern problem -- litter. It all started when he took a walk in the woods with his children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter noticed a plastic tub of kitty litter in a creek. ‘Daaaaddy, that doesn't go there.’ That was an eye-opening moment for me,” Kirschner said. “We have become desensitized to trash. Litter is so ubiquitous that for most of us it just fades into the background.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our culture’s tendency to litter has wide-reaching consequences. According to a recent study \u003ca href=\"http://www.statisticbrain.com/littering-statistics/\">over 75 percent of us admit to littering\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s the big deal? When litter doesn't make it to a recycling center or trash bin, it ends up in the natural world. For example, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X12005668\">Plymouth University study\u003c/a> found that one-third of fish caught in the English Channel were contaminated with microplastics in their intestinal tracts, something to think about over your next plate of fish and chips! Because we humans sit toward the top of the food chain, any contamination of fish or animals eventually works its way back up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-64539 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Floating-Lightbulb-252x253.jpg\" alt=\"A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\" width=\"252\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A light bulb moment for #Litterati user @goproinparadise. This image was taken off the coast of Koh Phi Phi, Thailand.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kirschner started thinking about how technology might make a difference, and the result was \u003ca href=\"http://www.litterati.org/index.php\">Litterati\u003c/a>, a new kind of social network based on a shared determination to see and take responsibility for the mess that we have created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was reminded of being a kid at summer camp,” he said. “Our director would instruct us to each pick up five pieces of trash. Suddenly you had 200 kids each picking up five pieces, and within a few minutes we had a much cleaner camp. So my idea was to apply that same crowdsource-cleaning behavior to the entire planet. That was the inspiration for Litterati.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using smart phones, Litterati users take photos of trash. They share them via Instagram using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"http://instagram.com/litterati\">#litterati\u003c/a>, and then they dispose of the trash responsibly. The result is an ever-growing “virtual landfill,” which serves as a striking reminder of just how much we waste as a culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">As a recent recruit, I can attest that the experience is surprisingly addictive, and I can report a distinct shift in perception. Once you start photographing cigarette packets on the sidewalk or Coke cans in a ditch, you also start noticing what else is being thrown away -- old bandages, store receipts, condoms, beer cans -- and you are confronted with an unavoidable realization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This stuff is literally \u003cstrong>everywhere.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/Global-Map850-450x232.jpg\" alt=\"Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash.\" width=\"450\" height=\"232\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Litterati users across the world have documented - and presumably discarded - over 27,000 pieces of trash. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Litterati doesn’t just help us see litter -- it also empowers users to do something about it. By creating a community of like-minded activists, Litterati helps normalize the act of picking up other people’s trash. Crucially, by mapping where litter is occurring and what it consists of, it also creates an important feedback loop for companies and municipalities to better understand the scope of the problem and to take more effective action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Kirschner explained, the site has already attracted some productive partnerships, “Last year on Earth Day we partnered with Whole Foods. Anyone who picked up one piece of litter could show their Litterati photograph and get a free cup of coffee. During this year's California Coastal Cleanup we partnered with the California Coastal Commission and Chipotle and ran a photo contest. And this past month we ran a contest with the NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) to help fight plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where Litterati goes from here remains to be seen. It has already garnered attention from media outlets like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/10/16/change-agents-jeff-kirschner-litterati/2953709/\">USA Today\u003c/a>, and there are ideas to “gamify” the platform to encourage friendly competition among users and even communities. Kirschner enthusiastically imagines a competitive Litterati-empowered trash pickup among communities across the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, though, Kirschner insisted that Litterati is about cooperation, not competition, and taking positive action, not pointing fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to create a “litter-free world,” he said, “but I’m well aware that picking up litter doesn’t solve our trash problem. It does serve to shift consciousness, though, and we can use that newfound consciousness to inspire action from our neighbors, our communities, our governments, and the corporations we buy from, too.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55886/litterati-digital-landfill","authors":["10529"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_527","quest_12269","quest_12480","quest_1607","quest_12478","quest_12479","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_2986","quest_10363"],"featImg":"quest_64806","label":"quest"},"quest_50120":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50120","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50120","score":null,"sort":[1383836445000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ginseng-poaching-gone-wild","title":"Ginseng Poaching Gone Wild","publishDate":1383836445,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST Sustainability Science- Web series | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11768,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_FullRez.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62055 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_FullRez-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Ginseng_FullRez\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cache of illegally harvested ginseng roots seized by Park officials in 2012. Photo courtesy: Jim Corbin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">America’s prosperity is often tied to boom-and-bust cycles that are based on access to valuable natural resources. We had the gold rush, the oil boom, and now…the ginseng grab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginseng is a fleshy root often used in energy supplements and herbal medications. In China, it is prized as a spirit herb with various medicinal, stress-relieving, and libidinal benefits. While the plant can be grown in simulated settings, the wild versions are usually bigger, heartier, and more desirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“As far as people being able to walk in the woods and see ginseng,that basically does not exist anymore,” Jim Corbin, NC Dept of Agriculture.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wild ginseng only grows in select cool climates, such as North America’s Appalachian Mountains and the Himalayas in Asia. With supply limited to a few remote areas and demand on the rise, wild ginseng has become an unlikely -- and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainx.com/article/52426/Botanical-bandits-Rampant-poaching-threatens-ginsengs-survival\">extremely valuable -- cash crop\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the places in the U.S. where wild ginseng flourishes is along the Blue Ridge Parkway, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park dividing Tennessee and North Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it is legal to harvest ginseng on private property, it is against the law to remove ginseng (or any other plant, for that matter) from state or national park lands without a permit. But with wild ginseng roots fetching up to $800 a pound on the black market, the region has seen a marked uptick in illegal poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This depletion of the ginseng population has conservationists and ecologists worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62056\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62056 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_2-336x253.jpg\" alt=\"Ginseng_2\" width=\"263\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wild ginseng, prized for its medicinal value, grows along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Western North Carolina. Photo courtesy: Jim Corbin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ginseng is an \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Plants_Wildlife/rte/rteamericanginseng.asp\">important understory herb\u003c/a>. It plays a role in the nutrient cycle by contributing to the growth of fungi and other decomposers along the forest floor. Scientists have determined that a minimum of 50 plants in one location makes a population viable for future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Jim Corbin, western district supervisor of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, the ginseng population in Smoky Mountain National Park does not come close to approaching those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as people being able to walk in the woods and see ginseng, that basically does not exist anymore,” said Corbin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With less than one park ranger for every thousand acres of terrain, there’s no way to monitor every inch of the Great Smoky Mountain National Park against would-be ginseng poachers. That’s why officials are relying on technological advancements and scientific procedures to deter people from digging inside the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 198px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62053 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_3-198x253.jpg\" alt=\"Ginseng_3\" width=\"198\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This confiscated ginseng root shows dye markings that Park officials applied fifteen years ago. Photo courtesy: Jim Corbin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We needed some indicator to show us, basically, that [those ginseng roots] actually did come from the park,” Corbin explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials came up with a system that has been described as \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2012/11/saving-ginseng-great-smoky-mountains-national-park10811\">a cross between conservation and CSI\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step is locating wild ginseng patches. Every year Corbin and his team go on a ginseng “blitz” and tag as many plants as possible. They apply specialized nontoxic dyes and powders that allow enforcement officials to trace the origins of each plant. The dyes are color coded for various parks, and the powders, which are invisible to the naked eye, can only be seen with specialized black lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When law enforcement officers encounter someone they suspect of poaching, they can seize the plants onsite and identify their origin based on the tagged information. If further identification is needed, the plants can be sent to a lab for soil, chemical component, or DNA testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62052\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 204px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62052 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_1-287x360.jpg\" alt=\"Ginseng_1\" width=\"204\" height=\"256\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginseng roots have become a valuable cash crop in recent years, fetching up to $800 a pound on the black market. Photo courtesy: \u003ca href=\"http://evanlee.ca/portfolio/\">Evan Lee\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Poachers who are caught on state land with illegally collected ginseng outside the allotted harvesting season can face thousands of dollars in fines. If the roots are found to be from a federally protected national park, the suspect may face a prison sentence. Last year \u003ca href=\"http://www.wtop.com/41/3145572/Va-ginseng-poacher-gets-jail-time-\">a Virginia man was sentenced to 15 days in jail\u003c/a> after pleading guilty to poaching seven pounds of ginseng along the Blue Ridge Parkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Corbin and his team marked over 2,000 plants throughout the Smokies. “It does provide an immediate ID for the product. [But] the rangers have to catch these people,” said Corbin. “I think we’ve made a difference, but we can’t combat the marketplace. As long as there’s huge demand in the East, there’s always going to be pressure on this plant.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Where CSI meets conservation: law enforcement officers in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park battle ginseng bandits in an effort to protect this potent plant.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1382550991,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":801},"headData":{"title":"Ginseng Poaching Gone Wild | KQED","description":"Where CSI meets conservation: law enforcement officers in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park battle ginseng bandits in an effort to protect this potent plant.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"50120 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50120","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/07/ginseng-poaching-gone-wild/","disqusTitle":"Ginseng Poaching Gone Wild","path":"/quest/50120/ginseng-poaching-gone-wild","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_FullRez.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62055 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Marquee_Image_FullRez-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Ginseng_FullRez\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cache of illegally harvested ginseng roots seized by Park officials in 2012. Photo courtesy: Jim Corbin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">America’s prosperity is often tied to boom-and-bust cycles that are based on access to valuable natural resources. We had the gold rush, the oil boom, and now…the ginseng grab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginseng is a fleshy root often used in energy supplements and herbal medications. In China, it is prized as a spirit herb with various medicinal, stress-relieving, and libidinal benefits. While the plant can be grown in simulated settings, the wild versions are usually bigger, heartier, and more desirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“As far as people being able to walk in the woods and see ginseng,that basically does not exist anymore,” Jim Corbin, NC Dept of Agriculture.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wild ginseng only grows in select cool climates, such as North America’s Appalachian Mountains and the Himalayas in Asia. With supply limited to a few remote areas and demand on the rise, wild ginseng has become an unlikely -- and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainx.com/article/52426/Botanical-bandits-Rampant-poaching-threatens-ginsengs-survival\">extremely valuable -- cash crop\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the places in the U.S. where wild ginseng flourishes is along the Blue Ridge Parkway, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park dividing Tennessee and North Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it is legal to harvest ginseng on private property, it is against the law to remove ginseng (or any other plant, for that matter) from state or national park lands without a permit. But with wild ginseng roots fetching up to $800 a pound on the black market, the region has seen a marked uptick in illegal poaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This depletion of the ginseng population has conservationists and ecologists worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62056\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-62056 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_2-336x253.jpg\" alt=\"Ginseng_2\" width=\"263\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wild ginseng, prized for its medicinal value, grows along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Western North Carolina. Photo courtesy: Jim Corbin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ginseng is an \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Plants_Wildlife/rte/rteamericanginseng.asp\">important understory herb\u003c/a>. It plays a role in the nutrient cycle by contributing to the growth of fungi and other decomposers along the forest floor. Scientists have determined that a minimum of 50 plants in one location makes a population viable for future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Jim Corbin, western district supervisor of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, the ginseng population in Smoky Mountain National Park does not come close to approaching those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as people being able to walk in the woods and see ginseng, that basically does not exist anymore,” said Corbin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With less than one park ranger for every thousand acres of terrain, there’s no way to monitor every inch of the Great Smoky Mountain National Park against would-be ginseng poachers. That’s why officials are relying on technological advancements and scientific procedures to deter people from digging inside the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62053\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 198px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62053 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_3-198x253.jpg\" alt=\"Ginseng_3\" width=\"198\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This confiscated ginseng root shows dye markings that Park officials applied fifteen years ago. Photo courtesy: Jim Corbin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We needed some indicator to show us, basically, that [those ginseng roots] actually did come from the park,” Corbin explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials came up with a system that has been described as \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2012/11/saving-ginseng-great-smoky-mountains-national-park10811\">a cross between conservation and CSI\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step is locating wild ginseng patches. Every year Corbin and his team go on a ginseng “blitz” and tag as many plants as possible. They apply specialized nontoxic dyes and powders that allow enforcement officials to trace the origins of each plant. The dyes are color coded for various parks, and the powders, which are invisible to the naked eye, can only be seen with specialized black lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When law enforcement officers encounter someone they suspect of poaching, they can seize the plants onsite and identify their origin based on the tagged information. If further identification is needed, the plants can be sent to a lab for soil, chemical component, or DNA testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62052\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 204px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-62052 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/0000017419-Ginseng_Additional_Image_1-287x360.jpg\" alt=\"Ginseng_1\" width=\"204\" height=\"256\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginseng roots have become a valuable cash crop in recent years, fetching up to $800 a pound on the black market. Photo courtesy: \u003ca href=\"http://evanlee.ca/portfolio/\">Evan Lee\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Poachers who are caught on state land with illegally collected ginseng outside the allotted harvesting season can face thousands of dollars in fines. If the roots are found to be from a federally protected national park, the suspect may face a prison sentence. Last year \u003ca href=\"http://www.wtop.com/41/3145572/Va-ginseng-poacher-gets-jail-time-\">a Virginia man was sentenced to 15 days in jail\u003c/a> after pleading guilty to poaching seven pounds of ginseng along the Blue Ridge Parkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Corbin and his team marked over 2,000 plants throughout the Smokies. “It does provide an immediate ID for the product. [But] the rangers have to catch these people,” said Corbin. “I think we’ve made a difference, but we can’t combat the marketplace. As long as there’s huge demand in the East, there’s always going to be pressure on this plant.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50120/ginseng-poaching-gone-wild","authors":["10504"],"series":["quest_11768"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_12379","quest_326","quest_12377","quest_12269","quest_12375","quest_1930","quest_12380","quest_12378","quest_2141","quest_2240","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_12376","quest_10363","quest_10303"],"featImg":"quest_62054","label":"quest_11768"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182135,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","timeUpdated":"3:04 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38489,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23275,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14673,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12377,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11557,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5811,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1651,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"April 18, 2024 1:04 PM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/quest?tag=unc-tv":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":26,"items":["quest_53493","quest_70873","quest_68204","quest_70498","quest_70528","quest_67709","quest_62737","quest_55886","quest_50120"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"quest_10363":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_10363","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"10363","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"unc-tv","slug":"unc-tv","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"unc-tv Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":10396,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/unc-tv"},"source_quest_53493":{"type":"terms","id":"source_quest_53493","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Geology","link":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/geology/","isLoading":false},"source_quest_70873":{"type":"terms","id":"source_quest_70873","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Health","link":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","isLoading":false},"source_quest_68204":{"type":"terms","id":"source_quest_68204","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Environment","link":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","isLoading":false},"source_quest_70498":{"type":"terms","id":"source_quest_70498","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Biology","link":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","isLoading":false},"source_quest_70528":{"type":"terms","id":"source_quest_70528","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Environment","link":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","isLoading":false},"source_quest_67709":{"type":"terms","id":"source_quest_67709","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Environment","link":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","isLoading":false},"quest_4":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_4","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"4","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Biology","slug":"biology","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Biology Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/biology"},"quest_9":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_9","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"9","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Environment","slug":"environment","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Environment Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":10,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/environment"},"quest_11":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Geology","slug":"geology","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Geology Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/geology"},"quest_11766":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11766","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11766","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Water","slug":"water","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Water Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11800,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/water"},"quest_791":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_791","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"791","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"deep sea","slug":"deep-sea","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"deep sea Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":796,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/deep-sea"},"quest_12951":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12951","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12951","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"deep-sea mining","slug":"deep-sea-mining","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"deep-sea mining Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13121,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/deep-sea-mining"},"quest_12953":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12953","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12953","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"duke","slug":"duke","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"duke Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13123,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/duke"},"quest_12269":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12269","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12269","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"full-image","slug":"full-image","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"full-image Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12407,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/full-image"},"quest_9996":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_9996","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"9996","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"minerals","slug":"minerals","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"minerals Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":10026,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/minerals"},"quest_1834":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1834","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1834","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"mining","slug":"mining","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"mining Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1846,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/mining"},"quest_2034":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2034","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2034","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ocean","slug":"ocean","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ocean Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2047,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/ocean"},"quest_12952":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12952","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12952","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ocean floor","slug":"ocean-floor","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ocean floor Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13122,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/ocean-floor"},"quest_2141":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2141","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2141","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"pbs","slug":"pbs","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"pbs Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2155,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/pbs"},"quest_2349":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2349","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2349","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"QUEST","slug":"quest","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"QUEST Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2364,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/quest"},"quest_10427":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_10427","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"10427","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"quest north carolina","slug":"quest-north-carolina","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"quest north carolina Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":10460,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/quest-north-carolina"},"quest_2556":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2556","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2556","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sea","slug":"sea","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sea Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2572,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/sea"},"quest_10303":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_10303","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"10303","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"UNCTV","slug":"unctv","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"UNCTV Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":10336,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/unctv"},"quest_12954":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12954","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12954","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"van dover","slug":"van-dover","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"van dover Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13124,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/van-dover"},"quest_3229":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3229","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3229","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Food","slug":"food","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Food Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3248,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/food"},"quest_12":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health","slug":"health","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/health"},"quest_521":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_521","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"521","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"CDC","slug":"cdc","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"CDC Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":524,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/cdc"},"quest_1122":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1122","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1122","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"food","slug":"tag-food","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"food Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1131,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/tag-food"},"quest_12885":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12885","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12885","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"foodborne illness","slug":"foodborne-illness","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"foodborne illness Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13053,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/foodborne-illness"},"quest_1779":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1779","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1779","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"meat","slug":"meat","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"meat Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1791,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/meat"},"quest_13364":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_13364","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"13364","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sustainable food","slug":"sustainable-food","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sustainable food Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13372,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/sustainable-food"},"quest_13365":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_13365","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"13365","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sustainable health","slug":"sustainable-health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sustainable health Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13373,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/sustainable-health"},"quest_12883":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12883","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12883","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"veggies","slug":"veggies","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"veggies Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13051,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/veggies"},"quest_12884":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12884","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12884","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"washing","slug":"washing","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"washing Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13052,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/washing"},"quest_12922":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12922","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12922","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ash","slug":"ash","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ash Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13091,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/ash"},"quest_12923":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12923","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12923","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"biomagnification","slug":"biomagnification","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"biomagnification Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13092,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/biomagnification"},"quest_638":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_638","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"638","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"coal","slug":"coal","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"coal Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":643,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/coal"},"quest_12924":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12924","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12924","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Duke Energy","slug":"duke-energy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Duke Energy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13093,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/duke-energy"},"quest_2759":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2759","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2759","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"spill","slug":"spill","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"spill Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2775,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/spill"},"quest_3114":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3114","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3114","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"water quality","slug":"water-quality","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"water quality Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3131,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/water-quality"},"quest_6":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_6","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"6","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Climate","slug":"climate","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Climate Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":7,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/climate"},"quest_1073":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1073","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1073","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"farming","slug":"farming","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"farming Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1082,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/farming"},"quest_2530":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2530","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2530","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Science","slug":"science","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Science Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2546,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/science"},"quest_12908":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12908","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12908","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"strawberries","slug":"strawberries","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"strawberries Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13077,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/strawberries"},"quest_2809":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2809","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2809","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Strawberry","slug":"strawberry","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Strawberry Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2825,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/strawberry"},"quest_5":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_5","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"5","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Chemistry","slug":"chemistry","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Chemistry Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/chemistry"},"quest_12448":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12448","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12448","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"beer","slug":"beer","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"beer Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12601,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/beer"},"quest_12876":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12876","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12876","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"brewery","slug":"brewery","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"brewery Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13042,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/brewery"},"quest_12874":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12874","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12874","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Durham","slug":"durham","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Durham Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13040,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/durham"},"quest_12875":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12875","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12875","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"forage","slug":"forage","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"forage Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13041,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/forage"},"quest_1127":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1127","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1127","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"foraging","slug":"foraging","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"foraging Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1136,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/foraging"},"quest_12873":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12873","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12873","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Fullsteam","slug":"fullsteam","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Fullsteam Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13039,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/fullsteam"},"quest_3351":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3351","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3351","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"kqed","slug":"kqed","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"kqed Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3376,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/kqed"},"quest_12872":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12872","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12872","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"persimmon","slug":"persimmon","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"persimmon Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13038,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/persimmon"},"quest_2822":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2822","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2822","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sugar","slug":"sugar","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sugar Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2838,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/sugar"},"quest_3071":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3071","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3071","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"video","slug":"tag-video","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"video Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3088,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/tag-video"},"quest_3831":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3831","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3831","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"yeast","slug":"yeast","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"yeast Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3859,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/yeast"},"quest_11765":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11765","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11765","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Energy","slug":"energy","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Energy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11799,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/energy"},"quest_326":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_326","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"326","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"biodiversity","slug":"tag-biodiversity","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"biodiversity Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":328,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/tag-biodiversity"},"quest_482":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_482","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"482","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"carbon","slug":"carbon","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"carbon Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":485,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/carbon"},"quest_984":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_984","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"984","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"energy","slug":"tag-energy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"energy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":990,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/tag-energy"},"quest_12861":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12861","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12861","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"european union","slug":"european-union","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"european union Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13026,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/european-union"},"quest_1044":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1044","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1044","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"export","slug":"export","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"export Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1053,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/export"},"quest_12729":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12729","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12729","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"harvest","slug":"harvest","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"harvest Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12893,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/harvest"},"quest_12862":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12862","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12862","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"lumber","slug":"lumber","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"lumber Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13027,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/lumber"},"quest_12858":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12858","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12858","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"pellet","slug":"pellet","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"pellet Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13023,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/pellet"},"quest_2992":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2992","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2992","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tree","slug":"tree","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tree Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3008,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/tree"},"quest_2993":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2993","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2993","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"trees","slug":"trees","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"trees Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3009,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/trees"},"quest_12046":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12046","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12046","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wood","slug":"wood","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wood Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12171,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/wood"},"quest_12859":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12859","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12859","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wood pellet","slug":"wood-pellet","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wood pellet Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":13024,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/wood-pellet"},"quest_8":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_8","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"8","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Engineering","slug":"engineering","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Engineering Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":9,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/category/engineering"},"quest_339":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_339","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"339","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Bird","slug":"bird","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Bird Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":342,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/bird"},"quest_616":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_616","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"616","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"clean energy","slug":"tag-clean-energy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"clean energy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":620,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/tag-clean-energy"},"quest_1235":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1235","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1235","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"golden eagle","slug":"golden-eagle","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"golden eagle Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1245,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/golden-eagle"},"quest_1819":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1819","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1819","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"migration","slug":"migration","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"migration Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1831,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/migration"},"quest_12549":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12549","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12549","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"turbines","slug":"turbines","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"turbines Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12707,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/turbines"},"quest_3165":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3165","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3165","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wind energy","slug":"wind-energy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wind energy Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3183,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/wind-energy"},"quest_3166":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3166","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3166","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wind farm","slug":"wind-farm","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wind farm Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3184,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/wind-farm"},"quest_527":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_527","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"527","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"cell phone","slug":"cell-phone","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"cell phone Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":530,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/cell-phone"},"quest_12480":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12480","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12480","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"instagram","slug":"instagram","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"instagram Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12634,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/instagram"},"quest_1607":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1607","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1607","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"landfill","slug":"landfill","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"landfill Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1619,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/landfill"},"quest_12478":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12478","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12478","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"litter","slug":"litter","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"litter Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12632,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/litter"},"quest_12479":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12479","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12479","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"litterati","slug":"litterati","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"litterati Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12633,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/litterati"},"quest_3290":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_3290","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"3290","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"QUEST North Carolina","slug":"north-carolina","taxonomy":"tag","description":"\u003ca href=\"http://www.unctv.org/\">UNC-TV\u003c/a> is the most powerful telecommunications vehicle in the state, with a potential audience of over 13.6 million citizens of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, and income levels in North Carolina and portions of Virginia, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia. Each year, UNC-TV produces more than 340 hours of award-winning original programs about North Carolina. With studios and administrative offices located in Research Triangle Park, UNC-TV operates 12 full-power television stations and 25 digital translators (most are located in the western counties), carrying a free broadcast signal to nearly every North Carolina home. In addition, UNC-TV is carried by every cable system in North Carolina and by satellite on both DirecTV and Dish Network. \r\n\r\nAll of the UNC-TV stations broadcast the same three program services, UNC-KD, UNC-EX, and in high definition, UNC-TV. In addition, there is a digital cable only service, UNC-MX. UNC-KD is a 24-hour service for children; UNC-EX is a service devoted to viewers who want to discover new ideas, new places, and new activities; UNC-TV is our public television service in high definition; and UNC-MX features a variety of programs drawn from the other channels as well as additional programs. ","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"QUEST North Carolina Archives | KQED Arts","description":"UNC-TV is the most powerful telecommunications vehicle in the state, with a potential audience of over 13.6 million citizens of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, and income levels in North Carolina and portions of Virginia, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia. Each year, UNC-TV produces more than 340 hours of award-winning original programs about North Carolina. With studios and administrative offices located in Research Triangle Park, UNC-TV operates 12 full-power television stations and 25 digital translators (most are located in the western counties), carrying a free broadcast signal to nearly every North Carolina home. In addition, UNC-TV is carried by every cable system in North Carolina and by satellite on both DirecTV and Dish Network. All of the UNC-TV stations broadcast the same three program services, UNC-KD, UNC-EX, and in high definition, UNC-TV. In addition, there is a digital cable only service, UNC-MX. UNC-KD is a 24-hour service for children; UNC-EX is a service devoted to viewers who want to discover new ideas, new places, and new activities; UNC-TV is our public television service in high definition; and UNC-MX features a variety of programs drawn from the other channels as well as additional programs.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3311,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/north-carolina"},"quest_2986":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2986","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2986","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"trash","slug":"trash","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"trash Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3002,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/trash"},"quest_11768":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_11768","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"11768","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"QUEST Sustainability Science- Web series","slug":"quest-sustainability-science-web-series","taxonomy":"series","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"QUEST Sustainability Science- Web series Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":11802,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/series/quest-sustainability-science-web-series"},"quest_12379":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12379","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12379","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"appalachian mountain","slug":"appalachian-mountain","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"appalachian mountain Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12526,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/appalachian-mountain"},"quest_12377":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12377","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12377","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"blue ridge","slug":"blue-ridge","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"blue ridge Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12524,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/blue-ridge"},"quest_12375":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12375","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12375","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"ginseng","slug":"ginseng","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"ginseng Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12522,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/ginseng"},"quest_1930":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_1930","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"1930","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"national park","slug":"national-park","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"national park Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1942,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/national-park"},"quest_12380":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12380","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12380","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"park","slug":"park","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"park Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12527,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/park"},"quest_12378":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12378","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12378","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"parkway","slug":"parkway","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"parkway Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12525,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/parkway"},"quest_2240":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_2240","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"2240","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"poaching","slug":"poaching","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"poaching Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2255,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/poaching"},"quest_12376":{"type":"terms","id":"quest_12376","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"quest","id":"12376","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"smokies","slug":"smokies","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"smokies Archives | KQED Arts","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":12523,"isLoading":false,"link":"/quest/tag/smokies"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"claudebot","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/quest/tag/unc-tv/","previousPathname":"/"}}
