Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge
Why I Do Science: Dan Costa
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(Image: Tara Cornelisse)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologists joke that they chose biology because they liked animals more than people, but now spend more time dealing with humans than wildlife. As biodiversity loss proceeds at an unprecedented rate—25% of all mammals alone are at risk of extinction—it’s not surprising that biologists increasingly focus on finding ways to protect what’s left. And protection strategies inevitably involve managing human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf experts typically spend a disproportionate chunk of their time trying to convince people why taking even minor steps to coexist with carnivores—like mounting \u003ca href=\"http://sciencetrio.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/electrifying-deterrents-wolves-and-fladry/\">fladry\u003c/a> (usually red flags attached to twine) along fences or placing livestock inside at night to thwart opportunistic predation—can benefit both wolves and humans. Lion biologists do much the same, while also reassuring anxious park visitors that lions really would prefer to make a meal of deer over people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have one thing in their favor when doing public outreach for such charismatic carnivores. If people don’t have time to learn the ecological benefits of keeping lions and wolves on the landscape, they can easily appreciate the aesthetic value of having them around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a bit tougher for biologists like Tara Cornelisse to count on \u003ca href=\"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/environmental-aesthetics/#EnvAesEnv\">conservation aesthetics\u003c/a> when making her case to protect another fearsome carnivore: \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/endangered/species/16/\">the Ohlone tiger beetle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ambush predator like its namesake, the tiger beetle relies on agility and keen eyesight to find, stalk, and pounce on potential prey, which includes ants, spiders, smaller beetles, flies, and whatever else it can catch. Tiger beetle larvae pop from their burrow like a mini jack-in-the-box to nab invertebrate passersby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43441\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-head-shot/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43441\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43441\" title=\"beetle head shot\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-head-shot-440x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"440\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prey caught in the beetle’s powerful, sickle-shaped toothy jaws have little chance of escaping. (Image: Maycee Hash)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse’s endangered study subject, discovered in 1987, now lives in just five isolated grassland parcels in Santa Cruz County. Though Cornelisse, a PhD candidate in environmental studies at UC Santa Cruz, sees nothing but beauty in the “gorgeous\" little iridescent green beetle, it’s not likely to make the cover of \u003cem>National Geographic\u003c/em> anytime soon. And then there’s the human problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor recreation is a leading cause of declines in endangered and threatened species on public lands. When Cornelisse started studying the tiger beetle, hikers and mountain bikers were viewed as their biggest threat, especially after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/04.24.02/beetles-0217.html\">2002 news story\u003c/a> blamed bikers for making mincemeat out of the endangered arthropods as they blasted down trails in sensitive beetle habitat. As a result, trails were closed to protect the beetles, pitting humans against endangered species once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiger beetles love disturbed landscapes, once a major feature of their coastal prairie habitat thanks to now extinct vegetation-trampling woolly mammoths, elk, and other ungulates, and to seasonal fires managed by Native Americans. The loss of grazers and the spread of invasive species means beetles increasingly struggle to find the bare ground they need to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cornelisse sees a potential path toward tiger beetle recovery with help from some unlikely allies. Recreational trails appear to be replacing habitat lost to invasive grasses. And that means the species’ greatest hope of survival may rest with the very people who accidentally squash individuals on trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, trail closures lasted only a few years after anecdotal reports that spreading vegetation had reclaimed coveted bare-ground habitat. Since beetles appear to depend on recreational trails to hunt and find mates, Cornelisse is trying to figure out how to keep trails open while reducing beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward that end, she worked with Watsonville high school science teacher Bill Callahan to interview hikers and bikers alongside trails. She wanted to know if people would change their habits if they knew that doing so would benefit an endangered insect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/ohlonetigerbeetle-fws/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43451\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43451\" title=\"ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS_-449x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"449\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohlone tiger beetles need bare ground to hunt, find mates, and regulate their body temperature. Recreational trails may help replace habitat lost to invasive grasses and the absence of natural landscape disturbance and fires--as long as bikers follow posted rules aimed at reducing beetle casualties. (Image: US Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Using cookies and water to lure folks away from their recreational activities long enough for the survey, Cornelisse and Callahan asked them a set of questions to determine their knowledge of the beetle and recreational impacts, and whether they valued its conservation and would comply with management strategies to conserve habitat and reduce beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies include slowing down, dismounting and walking, avoiding closed trails, using alternate routes, and helping to make new trails in grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse discovered, as social science theory predicts, that education can affect attitudes and ultimately behavior. And people were delighted when they learned that their actions can have positive impacts on an endangered species, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cyclists fly through tiger beetle territory at high speeds, the insects in turn fly off to nearby tall grasses, wasting precious energy needed to hunt and maintain body temperature. Bikers can cut their negative impacts in half simply by slowing down to speeds of 5 to 7 miles an hour in beetle habitat, Cornelisse’s research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because younger respondents tended not to know about the beetle, and those aware of the beetle and its plight were more likely to comply with conservation strategies, Cornelisse thinks educational outreach programs should target younger hikers and bikers, particularly high school mountain biking groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she hopes nature lovers beyond Santa Cruz County who haven’t heard of the beautiful little predator might consider lending a hand to create more beetle-friendly trails. It’s not every day mountain bikers—sometimes referred to as “wheeled locusts”—get a chance to show they respect and value public lands just as much as the rest of us.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, depends on disturbed landscapes to hunt and breed. Migrating woolly mammoths and more recently grazing elk helped maintain that habitat. Recreational trails might prove a good replacement--as long as mountain bikers follow rules to reduce beetle casualties.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443830611,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":993},"headData":{"title":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge | KQED","description":"The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, depends on disturbed landscapes to hunt and breed. Migrating woolly mammoths and more recently grazing elk helped maintain that habitat. Recreational trails might prove a good replacement--as long as mountain bikers follow rules to reduce beetle casualties.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge","datePublished":"2012-09-05T15:00:57.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-03T00:03:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"43418 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=43418","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/","disqusTitle":"Braking for Beetles: When Recreation and Conservation Converge","path":"/quest/43418/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43424\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-approaching-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43424\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43424\" title=\"Ohlone tiger beetle \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-approaching.carousel-640x358.jpg\" alt=\"Ohlone tiger beetle\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, found only in Santa Cruz County, sports a forbidding set of mandibles, befitting this top insect predator. (Image: Tara Cornelisse)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologists joke that they chose biology because they liked animals more than people, but now spend more time dealing with humans than wildlife. As biodiversity loss proceeds at an unprecedented rate—25% of all mammals alone are at risk of extinction—it’s not surprising that biologists increasingly focus on finding ways to protect what’s left. And protection strategies inevitably involve managing human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf experts typically spend a disproportionate chunk of their time trying to convince people why taking even minor steps to coexist with carnivores—like mounting \u003ca href=\"http://sciencetrio.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/electrifying-deterrents-wolves-and-fladry/\">fladry\u003c/a> (usually red flags attached to twine) along fences or placing livestock inside at night to thwart opportunistic predation—can benefit both wolves and humans. Lion biologists do much the same, while also reassuring anxious park visitors that lions really would prefer to make a meal of deer over people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists have one thing in their favor when doing public outreach for such charismatic carnivores. If people don’t have time to learn the ecological benefits of keeping lions and wolves on the landscape, they can easily appreciate the aesthetic value of having them around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a bit tougher for biologists like Tara Cornelisse to count on \u003ca href=\"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/environmental-aesthetics/#EnvAesEnv\">conservation aesthetics\u003c/a> when making her case to protect another fearsome carnivore: \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/endangered/species/16/\">the Ohlone tiger beetle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ambush predator like its namesake, the tiger beetle relies on agility and keen eyesight to find, stalk, and pounce on potential prey, which includes ants, spiders, smaller beetles, flies, and whatever else it can catch. Tiger beetle larvae pop from their burrow like a mini jack-in-the-box to nab invertebrate passersby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43441\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/beetle-head-shot/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43441\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43441\" title=\"beetle head shot\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/beetle-head-shot-440x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"440\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prey caught in the beetle’s powerful, sickle-shaped toothy jaws have little chance of escaping. (Image: Maycee Hash)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse’s endangered study subject, discovered in 1987, now lives in just five isolated grassland parcels in Santa Cruz County. Though Cornelisse, a PhD candidate in environmental studies at UC Santa Cruz, sees nothing but beauty in the “gorgeous\" little iridescent green beetle, it’s not likely to make the cover of \u003cem>National Geographic\u003c/em> anytime soon. And then there’s the human problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor recreation is a leading cause of declines in endangered and threatened species on public lands. When Cornelisse started studying the tiger beetle, hikers and mountain bikers were viewed as their biggest threat, especially after a \u003ca href=\"http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/04.24.02/beetles-0217.html\">2002 news story\u003c/a> blamed bikers for making mincemeat out of the endangered arthropods as they blasted down trails in sensitive beetle habitat. As a result, trails were closed to protect the beetles, pitting humans against endangered species once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiger beetles love disturbed landscapes, once a major feature of their coastal prairie habitat thanks to now extinct vegetation-trampling woolly mammoths, elk, and other ungulates, and to seasonal fires managed by Native Americans. The loss of grazers and the spread of invasive species means beetles increasingly struggle to find the bare ground they need to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cornelisse sees a potential path toward tiger beetle recovery with help from some unlikely allies. Recreational trails appear to be replacing habitat lost to invasive grasses. And that means the species’ greatest hope of survival may rest with the very people who accidentally squash individuals on trails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, trail closures lasted only a few years after anecdotal reports that spreading vegetation had reclaimed coveted bare-ground habitat. Since beetles appear to depend on recreational trails to hunt and find mates, Cornelisse is trying to figure out how to keep trails open while reducing beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward that end, she worked with Watsonville high school science teacher Bill Callahan to interview hikers and bikers alongside trails. She wanted to know if people would change their habits if they knew that doing so would benefit an endangered insect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/05/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge/ohlonetigerbeetle-fws/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43451\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-43451\" title=\"ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/ohlonetigerbeetle.FWS_-449x360.jpg\" alt=\"ohlone tiger beetle \" width=\"449\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ohlone tiger beetles need bare ground to hunt, find mates, and regulate their body temperature. Recreational trails may help replace habitat lost to invasive grasses and the absence of natural landscape disturbance and fires--as long as bikers follow posted rules aimed at reducing beetle casualties. (Image: US Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Using cookies and water to lure folks away from their recreational activities long enough for the survey, Cornelisse and Callahan asked them a set of questions to determine their knowledge of the beetle and recreational impacts, and whether they valued its conservation and would comply with management strategies to conserve habitat and reduce beetle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strategies include slowing down, dismounting and walking, avoiding closed trails, using alternate routes, and helping to make new trails in grasslands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornelisse discovered, as social science theory predicts, that education can affect attitudes and ultimately behavior. And people were delighted when they learned that their actions can have positive impacts on an endangered species, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When cyclists fly through tiger beetle territory at high speeds, the insects in turn fly off to nearby tall grasses, wasting precious energy needed to hunt and maintain body temperature. Bikers can cut their negative impacts in half simply by slowing down to speeds of 5 to 7 miles an hour in beetle habitat, Cornelisse’s research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because younger respondents tended not to know about the beetle, and those aware of the beetle and its plight were more likely to comply with conservation strategies, Cornelisse thinks educational outreach programs should target younger hikers and bikers, particularly high school mountain biking groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she hopes nature lovers beyond Santa Cruz County who haven’t heard of the beautiful little predator might consider lending a hand to create more beetle-friendly trails. It’s not every day mountain bikers—sometimes referred to as “wheeled locusts”—get a chance to show they respect and value public lands just as much as the rest of us.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43418/braking-for-beetles-when-recreation-and-conservation-converge","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_11413","quest_326","quest_10936","quest_3529","quest_980","quest_1472","quest_11412","quest_13","quest_2507","quest_3808"],"featImg":"quest_43424","label":"quest"},"quest_19246":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19246","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19246","score":null,"sort":[1311704972000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-i-do-science-dan-costa","title":"Why I Do Science: Dan Costa","publishDate":1311704972,"format":"video","headTitle":"Why I do Science | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3298,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Dan__Blk_Browed_2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Dan__Blk_Browed_2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Dan_&_Blk_Browed_2\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20378\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the great things about my job is to be able to talk to some of the world's greatest and most charismatic scientists, like Professor Dan Costa of UC Santa Cruz. I remember trying to get a hold of Professor Costa in December, when my colleagues and I were researching TV story ideas for the fifth season of \u003cem>QUEST\u003c/em>. We were eager to do a story on elephant seals, focusing on their rookery at Año Nuevo, but we knew that to tell this story, we needed to secure the participation of Dan Costa, a foremost expert on these amazing animals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Costa has been studying elephant seals since the mid-1970s, and has been at the forefront of using satellite tags, time and depth recorders and other sophisticated electronic tags to gather information about the amazing depths to which elephant seals dive, their migration routes and how they use oceanographic features to hunt for prey as far as the international dateline and the Alaskan Aleutian Islands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall finally catching Professor Costa by phone on a Friday evening at a rare moment when he was in his office and had time to talk. During a conversation that lasted no more than 20 minutes, he emailed me some background articles on elephant seals he had authored, answered a few questions about his current research, confirmed his availability for an interview in January, suggested another graduate student to also interview for our story and gave me the name of another student in his lab with whom to coordinate filming of the recovery of a satellite tag from a female elephant seal sometime in January or February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/ElephantSeals-009_21.jpg\" alt=\"UC Santa Cruz Professor Dan Costa standing next to the bluff outside the Long Marine Laboratory in Santa Cruz.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18324\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Santa Cruz Professor Dan Costa standing next to the bluff outside the Long Marine Laboratory in Santa Cruz.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My thrill in securing the participation of Professor Costa was tempered by the logistical reality of getting time with this immensely busy researcher who traveled for months on end to exotic locales, including Antarctica, Australia and the Galapagos Islands. Fortunately, Professor Costa cleared his calendar to accommodate our crew for four hours albeit the day before leaving for a research trip to study seals and penguins in Antarctica. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My boss, \u003cem>QUEST \u003c/em>Series Producer Amy Miller, suggested that I ask Professor Costa some additional questions, time permitting at the end of our main interview on elephant seals, which could be used for a two-minute profile of him as part of our recurring segment, \"Why I Do Science\". \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the first minute of my interview with Professor Costa, I knew that he would make a phenomenal \"Why I Do Science\" profile. His nearly forty years of fieldwork around the world, to study a diverse array of marine animals, including albatrosses, seals and penguins, would provide a rich trove of experiences to mine and subsequently craft into a compelling portrait of a scientist passionate about science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I didn't know at the time is that in addition to being a highly skilled marine biologist, Professor Costa is also a talented photographer. This would prove to be a huge boon, as I would need photos of the animals he had studied over the years, as well as photos of him through the years working with marine animals around the world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18325\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/Seals__Erebus_21.jpg\" alt=\"Weddell seals sleeping on the ice at the McMurdo station in Antarctica, where Dan Costa and his graduate students conducted research in early 2011. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18325\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Weddell seals sleeping on the ice at the McMurdo station in Antarctica, where Dan Costa and his graduate students conducted research in early 2011. \u003ccite>(Image courtesy Dan Costa.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next couple of months, he sent me a couple dozen photos, including photos he was taking in the field (or rather, on the ice) at McMurdo Station, a research center located in Antarctica. I marveled at the quality of the photos - beautifully framed, expertly exposed and richly illustrative of the hardy animals and the wind-battered tundra they called home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After making my photo selects, I wrote the script and asked Professor Costa for any video he or one of his students may have filmed during their months of fieldwork in Antarctica, weighing and tagging Weddell seals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just in the nick of time, a day or two before the start of my edit, a DVD arrived containing video clips Professor Costa had personally filmed while in Antarctica. The highlight of the DVD was the material filmed just inches from Weddell seal pups; there they were, on the ice, vocalizing, looking straight into the camera - a furry bundle of wide-eyed, barking curiosity, wondering perhaps who was this tourist, swaddled in a red parka, ice clinging to his beard, braving the elements to see me up close? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then I smiled and pressed play again and again, watching the seal pups wriggle and bark, seemingly oblivious to the unimaginably cold, harsh environment, thankful of my good fortune in securing the participation of this intrepid scientist with a camera for this latest edition of \"Why I Do Science\". \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of the great things about my job is to be able to talk to some of the world's greatest and most charismatic scientists, like Professor Dan Costa of UC Santa Cruz. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457630283,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":812},"headData":{"title":"Why I Do Science: Dan Costa | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why I Do Science: Dan Costa","datePublished":"2011-07-26T18:29:32.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-10T17:18:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19246 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=19246","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/26/why-i-do-science-dan-costa/","disqusTitle":"Why I Do Science: Dan Costa","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJhFaNH_EaY","path":"/quest/19246/why-i-do-science-dan-costa","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Dan__Blk_Browed_2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Dan__Blk_Browed_2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Dan_&_Blk_Browed_2\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20378\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the great things about my job is to be able to talk to some of the world's greatest and most charismatic scientists, like Professor Dan Costa of UC Santa Cruz. I remember trying to get a hold of Professor Costa in December, when my colleagues and I were researching TV story ideas for the fifth season of \u003cem>QUEST\u003c/em>. We were eager to do a story on elephant seals, focusing on their rookery at Año Nuevo, but we knew that to tell this story, we needed to secure the participation of Dan Costa, a foremost expert on these amazing animals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Costa has been studying elephant seals since the mid-1970s, and has been at the forefront of using satellite tags, time and depth recorders and other sophisticated electronic tags to gather information about the amazing depths to which elephant seals dive, their migration routes and how they use oceanographic features to hunt for prey as far as the international dateline and the Alaskan Aleutian Islands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall finally catching Professor Costa by phone on a Friday evening at a rare moment when he was in his office and had time to talk. During a conversation that lasted no more than 20 minutes, he emailed me some background articles on elephant seals he had authored, answered a few questions about his current research, confirmed his availability for an interview in January, suggested another graduate student to also interview for our story and gave me the name of another student in his lab with whom to coordinate filming of the recovery of a satellite tag from a female elephant seal sometime in January or February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/ElephantSeals-009_21.jpg\" alt=\"UC Santa Cruz Professor Dan Costa standing next to the bluff outside the Long Marine Laboratory in Santa Cruz.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18324\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Santa Cruz Professor Dan Costa standing next to the bluff outside the Long Marine Laboratory in Santa Cruz.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My thrill in securing the participation of Professor Costa was tempered by the logistical reality of getting time with this immensely busy researcher who traveled for months on end to exotic locales, including Antarctica, Australia and the Galapagos Islands. Fortunately, Professor Costa cleared his calendar to accommodate our crew for four hours albeit the day before leaving for a research trip to study seals and penguins in Antarctica. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My boss, \u003cem>QUEST \u003c/em>Series Producer Amy Miller, suggested that I ask Professor Costa some additional questions, time permitting at the end of our main interview on elephant seals, which could be used for a two-minute profile of him as part of our recurring segment, \"Why I Do Science\". \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the first minute of my interview with Professor Costa, I knew that he would make a phenomenal \"Why I Do Science\" profile. His nearly forty years of fieldwork around the world, to study a diverse array of marine animals, including albatrosses, seals and penguins, would provide a rich trove of experiences to mine and subsequently craft into a compelling portrait of a scientist passionate about science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I didn't know at the time is that in addition to being a highly skilled marine biologist, Professor Costa is also a talented photographer. This would prove to be a huge boon, as I would need photos of the animals he had studied over the years, as well as photos of him through the years working with marine animals around the world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18325\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/Seals__Erebus_21.jpg\" alt=\"Weddell seals sleeping on the ice at the McMurdo station in Antarctica, where Dan Costa and his graduate students conducted research in early 2011. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18325\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Weddell seals sleeping on the ice at the McMurdo station in Antarctica, where Dan Costa and his graduate students conducted research in early 2011. \u003ccite>(Image courtesy Dan Costa.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next couple of months, he sent me a couple dozen photos, including photos he was taking in the field (or rather, on the ice) at McMurdo Station, a research center located in Antarctica. I marveled at the quality of the photos - beautifully framed, expertly exposed and richly illustrative of the hardy animals and the wind-battered tundra they called home. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After making my photo selects, I wrote the script and asked Professor Costa for any video he or one of his students may have filmed during their months of fieldwork in Antarctica, weighing and tagging Weddell seals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just in the nick of time, a day or two before the start of my edit, a DVD arrived containing video clips Professor Costa had personally filmed while in Antarctica. The highlight of the DVD was the material filmed just inches from Weddell seal pups; there they were, on the ice, vocalizing, looking straight into the camera - a furry bundle of wide-eyed, barking curiosity, wondering perhaps who was this tourist, swaddled in a red parka, ice clinging to his beard, braving the elements to see me up close? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then I smiled and pressed play again and again, watching the seal pups wriggle and bark, seemingly oblivious to the unimaginably cold, harsh environment, thankful of my good fortune in securing the participation of this intrepid scientist with a camera for this latest edition of \"Why I Do Science\". \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19246/why-i-do-science-dan-costa","authors":["6176"],"series":["quest_3298"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_758","quest_961","quest_3351","quest_3641","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893","quest_3808","quest_3822"],"featImg":"quest_20371","label":"quest_3298"},"quest_19210":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19210","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19210","score":null,"sort":[1302723998000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled","title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled","publishDate":1302723998,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/WS210-BananaSlugsStill300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slow, small, but quite vibrant life on the forest floor can often go completely unnoticed as we hustle and bustle past on our hiking trips, picnics or family outings. Often times the little world on the ground is misinterpreted as insignificant. If noticed at all, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-fungus-fair\">mushroom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration\">snail\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/03/16/bay-area-herpetology-salamanders-part-1/\">salamander\u003c/a> might only capture our interest for a short while before the pull of seeing something new draws us away. Patience is not a trait most of us humans possess enough to truly appreciate the goings on in the tiny world of the seemingly unhurried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA common misconception then is people just aren’t that interested in things that are little, sluggish and quiet. They want \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/elk-return-to-the-bay-area\">big\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/falcon-fascination-tv\">fast\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/hog-wild\">ferocious\u003c/a>! In the wildlife film world we see many movies about lions, cheetahs, grizzly bears, wolves or elephants. Heck, one cable channel devotes an entire week each year just on sharks. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/the-great-white-shark-meet-the-man-in-the-gray-suit\">This isn’t a bad thing\u003c/a>. The charismatic mega-fauna and the world they inhabit fascinate us. It’s natural. But taking the time to discover the small world beneath our feet can have its benefits as well. And looking down through a different lens can provide some wonderful little surprises- a cluster of convergent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/112\">ladybugs\u003c/a> beneath a fallen leaf, redwood sorrel opening with the shade, or a spinning spider’s elaborate web catching a breeze in the glistening sun. There is a whole community of life under each rock, little gems left for those who are careful and take the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is for this that we set out on our adventure into the misty redwood canopy in hunt of a slug - The Pacific banana slug to be exact. They are not fast but can be surprisingly elusive. Belonging to the genus \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em>, there are three main species of banana slugs; \u003cem>columbianus\u003c/em>, \u003cem>californicus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, – as well as two other known subspecies. Most banana slugs live in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-measuring-redwood-giants\">temperate rainforests\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-science-of-fog\">fog-zones\u003c/a> of the Pacific Coast. Banana slugs’ size, shape and coloring reflect their name as most tend to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/dale_hameister/8222188/\">long and yellow\u003c/a>, some having brown or \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/7383661@N08/3923672539/in/photostream/\">black spots\u003c/a>. However, they can also be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/piezocuttlefish/2355459691/in/photostream/\">light-brown\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/theswirtproject/874054983/\">greenish\u003c/a>, perhaps \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidwhlloyd/1813046000/\">black\u003c/a>, or even \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/brewbooks/2559453857/\">white\u003c/a>. They are the second largest slug in the world and can grow up to ten inches long. Banana slugs serve an important role in the forest ecosystem. Feeding on detritus, (fallen leaves, mushrooms and even dead animals) they recycle nutrients and help replenish the soil\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the banana slug is the official mascot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/about/mascot.html\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, it seemed only fitting that we explore the mountains near campus for our quarry. The particular species in those parts is \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em> \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, which, as we learn in our story, stands out among other slugs in a number of different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people think slugs are kinda icky. And who wants to see a slow slimy boring slug anyway? Capturing the true character, movement and, yes, beauty of the slugs is a challenge. Luckily, QUEST has an expert in our ranks. Prior to joining the QUEST team, Associate Producer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/joshua-cassidy/\">Joshua Cassidy\u003c/a> gained a lot of experience portraying the life and beauty of the creatures and places that are often overlooked. In his award-winning film \u003cem>Life By The Tide\u003c/em>, Josh was able to show the surprisingly vibrant life hidden among the small tide pools of Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh took his experiences in the tide pools out into the forest on our hunt for slugs. Filming a sea star slowly crawling down a mussel bed has a lot of similarities to capturing a banana slug moving up a tree trunk. “One advantage to shooting these creatures is they’re not going to fly or run away,” says Josh. “But it will get startled and you can see that with the banana slugs. But in order to get a good shot, you have to get close. So, often I’ll set up in front of the animal and anticipate where it is going to go. It takes patience and you get failed shots but you get pretty good at predicting how they are going to move.” Josh says another key to getting a great shot is a willingness to get down on your belly in the mud. “Something like a banana slug from a human’s eye level, say 5 feet, doesn’t look like it’s moving- doesn’t look like it’s doing very much at all. But if you get down to the slug’s eye level and fill your frame, you see a lot more motion and activity.” “We used a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass, which allows you to get really close and pick up great detail and the unusual anatomy… As if you were another banana slug running into this gentleman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the lens of Josh’s camera we see the forest floor come alive. And through his patience we can see the life of a banana slug in a whole new light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>See\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> Josh’s film\u003ca href=\"http://www.lifeonterra.com/episode.php?id=202#SWF\"> \u003cem>“Life By The Tide”\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>or watch a shortened version\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> of \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>it here on QUEST TV, in a new feature called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy\">“Your Videos On QUEST.”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.040928 -122.065315\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443829070,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":944},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled | KQED","description":"QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled","datePublished":"2011-04-13T19:46:38.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T23:37:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19210 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=13713","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/13/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT - Banana Slugs Unpeeled","path":"/quest/19210/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/WS210-BananaSlugsStill300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>QUEST treks into the old growth redwood forest in search of the Pacific Banana Slug, Ariolomax dolichophallus.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slow, small, but quite vibrant life on the forest floor can often go completely unnoticed as we hustle and bustle past on our hiking trips, picnics or family outings. Often times the little world on the ground is misinterpreted as insignificant. If noticed at all, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-fungus-fair\">mushroom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration\">snail\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/03/16/bay-area-herpetology-salamanders-part-1/\">salamander\u003c/a> might only capture our interest for a short while before the pull of seeing something new draws us away. Patience is not a trait most of us humans possess enough to truly appreciate the goings on in the tiny world of the seemingly unhurried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA common misconception then is people just aren’t that interested in things that are little, sluggish and quiet. They want \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/elk-return-to-the-bay-area\">big\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/falcon-fascination-tv\">fast\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/hog-wild\">ferocious\u003c/a>! In the wildlife film world we see many movies about lions, cheetahs, grizzly bears, wolves or elephants. Heck, one cable channel devotes an entire week each year just on sharks. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/the-great-white-shark-meet-the-man-in-the-gray-suit\">This isn’t a bad thing\u003c/a>. The charismatic mega-fauna and the world they inhabit fascinate us. It’s natural. But taking the time to discover the small world beneath our feet can have its benefits as well. And looking down through a different lens can provide some wonderful little surprises- a cluster of convergent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/112\">ladybugs\u003c/a> beneath a fallen leaf, redwood sorrel opening with the shade, or a spinning spider’s elaborate web catching a breeze in the glistening sun. There is a whole community of life under each rock, little gems left for those who are careful and take the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is for this that we set out on our adventure into the misty redwood canopy in hunt of a slug - The Pacific banana slug to be exact. They are not fast but can be surprisingly elusive. Belonging to the genus \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em>, there are three main species of banana slugs; \u003cem>columbianus\u003c/em>, \u003cem>californicus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, – as well as two other known subspecies. Most banana slugs live in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-measuring-redwood-giants\">temperate rainforests\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-science-of-fog\">fog-zones\u003c/a> of the Pacific Coast. Banana slugs’ size, shape and coloring reflect their name as most tend to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/dale_hameister/8222188/\">long and yellow\u003c/a>, some having brown or \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/7383661@N08/3923672539/in/photostream/\">black spots\u003c/a>. However, they can also be \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/piezocuttlefish/2355459691/in/photostream/\">light-brown\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/theswirtproject/874054983/\">greenish\u003c/a>, perhaps \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidwhlloyd/1813046000/\">black\u003c/a>, or even \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/brewbooks/2559453857/\">white\u003c/a>. They are the second largest slug in the world and can grow up to ten inches long. Banana slugs serve an important role in the forest ecosystem. Feeding on detritus, (fallen leaves, mushrooms and even dead animals) they recycle nutrients and help replenish the soil\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the banana slug is the official mascot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsc.edu/about/mascot.html\">UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, it seemed only fitting that we explore the mountains near campus for our quarry. The particular species in those parts is \u003cem>Ariolomax\u003c/em> \u003cem>dolichophallus\u003c/em>, which, as we learn in our story, stands out among other slugs in a number of different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people think slugs are kinda icky. And who wants to see a slow slimy boring slug anyway? Capturing the true character, movement and, yes, beauty of the slugs is a challenge. Luckily, QUEST has an expert in our ranks. Prior to joining the QUEST team, Associate Producer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/joshua-cassidy/\">Joshua Cassidy\u003c/a> gained a lot of experience portraying the life and beauty of the creatures and places that are often overlooked. In his award-winning film \u003cem>Life By The Tide\u003c/em>, Josh was able to show the surprisingly vibrant life hidden among the small tide pools of Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josh took his experiences in the tide pools out into the forest on our hunt for slugs. Filming a sea star slowly crawling down a mussel bed has a lot of similarities to capturing a banana slug moving up a tree trunk. “One advantage to shooting these creatures is they’re not going to fly or run away,” says Josh. “But it will get startled and you can see that with the banana slugs. But in order to get a good shot, you have to get close. So, often I’ll set up in front of the animal and anticipate where it is going to go. It takes patience and you get failed shots but you get pretty good at predicting how they are going to move.” Josh says another key to getting a great shot is a willingness to get down on your belly in the mud. “Something like a banana slug from a human’s eye level, say 5 feet, doesn’t look like it’s moving- doesn’t look like it’s doing very much at all. But if you get down to the slug’s eye level and fill your frame, you see a lot more motion and activity.” “We used a close-up filter, which is basically a magnifying glass, which allows you to get really close and pick up great detail and the unusual anatomy… As if you were another banana slug running into this gentleman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the lens of Josh’s camera we see the forest floor come alive. And through his patience we can see the life of a banana slug in a whole new light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>See\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> Josh’s film\u003ca href=\"http://www.lifeonterra.com/episode.php?id=202#SWF\"> \u003cem>“Life By The Tide”\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>or watch a shortened version\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> of \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>it here on QUEST TV, in a new feature called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/your-videos-on-quest-joshua-cassidy\">“Your Videos On QUEST.”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.040928 -122.065315\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19210/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-banana-slugs-unpeeled","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3461","quest_3473","quest_1083","quest_3606","quest_3351","quest_3691","quest_2349","quest_2507","quest_3766","quest_3808"],"featImg":"quest_13715","label":"quest"},"quest_19187":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19187","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19187","score":null,"sort":[1298482537000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods","title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT Revisiting Albino Redwoods","publishDate":1298482537,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Producer’s Notes: Science on the SPOT Revisiting Albino Redwoods | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/AlbinoRedwoods2_300wstripe.jpg\">\u003cem>UC Santa Cruz plant biologist Jarmila Pitterman studies an albino redwood tree\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nWhy? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How many times do we parents of preschoolers hear that question each day? “WHY do birds fly? WHY does the wind blow? WHY do bees buzz? WHY are trees green? WHY do I have to eat my broccoli?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because I SAID so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“WHY??”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science begins with our curiosity. The first step is to start asking questions, probably most often “Why?” and “How?” And as much as we wish it were different, in science, “because I said so” is never answer enough. You have to back up your case with some proof, or at least some compelling evidence. \u003c!--more-->And even then, your case will likely not be accepted on its face as truth, but tested and re-tested, re-asked and re-proven via a time-tested set of agreed-upon steps. This is known as the Scientific Method: 1) Ask a question. 2) Construct a hypothesis. 3) Experiment. 4) Analyze your results 5) Repeat if necessary and draw your conclusions. 6) Communicate your findings. While we all come into our questions with personal or cultural beliefs, the scientific method attempts to remove the beliefs of the scientist when testing a hypothesis point the way towards a verifiable fact or facts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which, brings us to the rare and unusual \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-albino-redwoods-ghosts-of-the-forest\">albino redwood trees\u003c/a>. We already know the facts about trees, right? We can usually answer the preschooler’s question about why trees are green. But what if the tree is anything but green?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t actually have all the answers to that one. We can hypothesize that these ghosts of the forest must be mutants, and lack chlorophyll. But that’s the easy part. What we don’t know, is WHY they lack chlorophyll, and survive. That’s a trick that few trees anywhere in the world — if any– can pull off. So right now, we’re guessing. And we can do better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the research scientists at Stanford and UC Santa Cruz are out to discover. Believe it or not, until now the Redwood genome has never been sequenced. Stanford geneticists want to pinpoint the mutation or mutations that cause these trees to be albino. Plant biologists from UC Santa Cruz seek to determine how these trees survive and grow without chlorophyll and its instrumental role in providing energy for the plant. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003cstrong>QUEST Science on the SPOT story\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-cracking-the-code\">“Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Cracking the Code,”\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> we follow Stanford geneticists Ghia Euskirchen and Barry Starr from the redwood forests to the lab as they work to uncover the root of the mutation that causes albinism in redwood trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another \u003cstrong>Science on the SPOT\u003c/strong> installment, \u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery\">“Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery,”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>we meet UC Santa Cruz plant biologist Jarmila Pitterman and tag along as she and her students study the inner workings of the unusual albino redwoods. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story is just beginning. They’re only in step 3 in the process; experimentation. But in time, the redwood genome will be sequenced. We will know where the mutation is. We will know how these albino trees survive and grow. And in the process we may learn things about the genetic heritage of redwood trees. We may learn more about how all redwood trees live and grow. We may learn how redwood trees adapt to things such as disease or climate change. The answers are endless. They are just waiting for someone to ask: why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.0440253 -122.0712299\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Science begins with our curiosity. The first step is to start asking questions, probably most often “Why?” and “How?” And as much as we wish it were different, \"because I said so\" is never enough, as you have to back up your case with some proof, or at least some compelling evidence.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974574,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":609},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT Revisiting Albino Redwoods | KQED","description":"Science begins with our curiosity. The first step is to start asking questions, probably most often “Why?” and “How?” And as much as we wish it were different, "because I said so" is never enough, as you have to back up your case with some proof, or at least some compelling evidence.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Science on the SPOT Revisiting Albino Redwoods","datePublished":"2011-02-23T17:35:37.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:29:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/19187/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/AlbinoRedwoods2_300wstripe.jpg\">\u003cem>UC Santa Cruz plant biologist Jarmila Pitterman studies an albino redwood tree\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nWhy? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How many times do we parents of preschoolers hear that question each day? “WHY do birds fly? WHY does the wind blow? WHY do bees buzz? WHY are trees green? WHY do I have to eat my broccoli?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because I SAID so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“WHY??”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science begins with our curiosity. The first step is to start asking questions, probably most often “Why?” and “How?” And as much as we wish it were different, in science, “because I said so” is never answer enough. You have to back up your case with some proof, or at least some compelling evidence. \u003c!--more-->And even then, your case will likely not be accepted on its face as truth, but tested and re-tested, re-asked and re-proven via a time-tested set of agreed-upon steps. This is known as the Scientific Method: 1) Ask a question. 2) Construct a hypothesis. 3) Experiment. 4) Analyze your results 5) Repeat if necessary and draw your conclusions. 6) Communicate your findings. While we all come into our questions with personal or cultural beliefs, the scientific method attempts to remove the beliefs of the scientist when testing a hypothesis point the way towards a verifiable fact or facts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which, brings us to the rare and unusual \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-albino-redwoods-ghosts-of-the-forest\">albino redwood trees\u003c/a>. We already know the facts about trees, right? We can usually answer the preschooler’s question about why trees are green. But what if the tree is anything but green?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t actually have all the answers to that one. We can hypothesize that these ghosts of the forest must be mutants, and lack chlorophyll. But that’s the easy part. What we don’t know, is WHY they lack chlorophyll, and survive. That’s a trick that few trees anywhere in the world — if any– can pull off. So right now, we’re guessing. And we can do better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the research scientists at Stanford and UC Santa Cruz are out to discover. Believe it or not, until now the Redwood genome has never been sequenced. Stanford geneticists want to pinpoint the mutation or mutations that cause these trees to be albino. Plant biologists from UC Santa Cruz seek to determine how these trees survive and grow without chlorophyll and its instrumental role in providing energy for the plant. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003cstrong>QUEST Science on the SPOT story\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-cracking-the-code\">“Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Cracking the Code,”\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> we follow Stanford geneticists Ghia Euskirchen and Barry Starr from the redwood forests to the lab as they work to uncover the root of the mutation that causes albinism in redwood trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another \u003cstrong>Science on the SPOT\u003c/strong> installment, \u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery\">“Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery,”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>we meet UC Santa Cruz plant biologist Jarmila Pitterman and tag along as she and her students study the inner workings of the unusual albino redwoods. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story is just beginning. They’re only in step 3 in the process; experimentation. But in time, the redwood genome will be sequenced. We will know where the mutation is. We will know how these albino trees survive and grow. And in the process we may learn things about the genetic heritage of redwood trees. We may learn more about how all redwood trees live and grow. We may learn how redwood trees adapt to things such as disease or climate change. The answers are endless. They are just waiting for someone to ask: why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.0440253 -122.0712299\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19187/producers-notes-science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3445","quest_3595","quest_3606","quest_3624","quest_3351","quest_2349","quest_2395","quest_2771","quest_3808"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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