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Through the lens of native Nebraskan photographer and author \u003ca title=\"Michael Forsberg\" href=\"http://www.michaelforsberg.com/projects/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Forsberg\u003c/a>, the Great Plains is far from “plain.” For 20 years, Forsberg has been documenting the habitats of his home turf. For him, the Great Plains is an extraordinary, immense, and unanticipated wonderland of species and habitats, including an essential flyway for millions of migratory birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depicting the true nature and meaning of the plains has become a personal mission. Forsberg has a degree in geography, and he uses photography to generate a discussion about the world. “Geography is a perspective that emphasizes space and place and ecology -- and how everything connects with everything else,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69913 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1.jpg\" alt=\"Great Plains map and landscape\" width=\"658\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1-400x144.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1-1180x424.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1-960x345.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The 12 states that make up the Great Plains account for an astonishing one-quarter of the U.S., covering one million square miles that are anything but flat. If it was its own country, the Great Plains would be the tenth largest in the world by area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">But only 30 percent of the Great Plains would be considered flat. For example, Nebraska topography is like an inclined tabletop. If you took off from Omaha (elevation 1,090 feet) and flew west across the undulating terrain at a steady elevation of 2,000 feet, you would crash into the ground 450 miles away at Scottsbluff, Nebraska (elevation 3,891 ft).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69934\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 182px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69934 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1.jpg\" alt=\"Rainbow and butterfly milkweed, Konza Prairie, Kansas\" width=\"182\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-1038x576.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rainbow and butterfly milkweed, Konza Prairie, Kansas [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This land is a place where grass rules over trees,” said Forsberg. “It’s a place so immense you feel very small. It’s not the mountains. It’s not the Grand Canyon. But it’s every bit as remarkable -- a really diverse landscape. It’s a place where the more you linger, the more beauty you’ll see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unexpected natural beauty that Forsberg captures on film fills a book he authored, \u003ca href=\"http://shop.michaelforsberg.com/collections/great-plains-americas-lingering-wild\">\u003cstrong>Great Plains: America’s Lingering Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, and many of these images appear in an NET Television documentary by the same name broadcast on PBS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 228px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69970 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_.jpg\" alt=\"Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, Montana\" width=\"228\" height=\"128\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-1038x576.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, Montana. Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They include a lone bison roaming the sun-swept prairie, a dazzling rainbow framing colorful milkweed in a prairie meadow, a solitary cougar prowling the Black Hills National Forest in South Dakota at night, majestic cliffs rising over a river in Montana, a burrowing owl with outstretched wings and a laser-piercing stare, and a frolicking Sandhill crane leaping for joy in a courtship dance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69884\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 904px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69884 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes.jpg\" alt=\"Sandhill Cranes\" width=\"904\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 904px) 100vw, 904px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During breeding season, Sandhill Cranes display elaborate dancing rituals to attract a mate. Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>America's Lingering Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forsberg cautions that this bounty of natural wonder is a gift that needs to be protected, now and for the future. A century ago much of the Great Plains was wide-open territory, a broad expanse of natural prairie, wetlands, and rivers. But today only a patchwork of these environments remains because of widespread development. Forsberg refers to these pockets of refuge as “America’s lingering wild,” where species and habitats are literally hanging on for survival. And some of his most striking images, seen from the air, point to a vast ecosystem at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69986\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69986 \" title=\"Aerial, pothole wetlands, North Dakota\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial, pothole wetlands, North Dakota\" width=\"263\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011.jpg 1560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-800x517.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-1440x930.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-1180x762.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-960x620.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial, pothole wetlands, North Dakota. Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a territory where half of our nation’s ducks breed annually, only the remains of tiny green patches of irregular wetlands are seen from the air in North Dakota, dwarfed by crop fields of wheat and canola. In the past 50 years, nesting waterfowl have declined dramatically as areas cultivated for high commodity crops, including corn for ethanol production, have overrun these duck-nesting habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69885\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69885 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial, gas and oil fields, Wyoming\" width=\"270\" height=\"152\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial, gas and oil fields, Wyoming. Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere, the once rugged and wild Wyoming landscape is scarred and dissected by networks of roads for oil and natural gas development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the arid, fragile plains of Texas contain whitish, ghostly rings of former shallow, circular wetlands called playas, now replaced by dried fields cultivated by center-pivot irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69991 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1.jpg\" alt=\"Ghostly rings of a Texas playa (wetland).\" width=\"266\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1.jpg 1541w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-960x635.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ghostly rings of a Texas playa (wetland). Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forsberg laments that the Great Plains, like most temperate grasslands of the world, includes the most endangered habitats on the planet because they’ve been drastically altered from their natural state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all been plowed up for agriculture,” said Forsberg. “The Great Plains is the world’s breadbasket. It’s increasingly being asked to be our energy pump. And it sits on the Holy Grail of the High Plains: the Ogallala Aquifer.” This aquifer is the largest underground system of water-saturated sediments in the country, what Forsberg refers to as “the Saudi Arabia of water.” The Ogallala Aquifer sits beneath the expansive prairie that runs from the Dakotas to Texas. It is the ecological underpinning of all life in the Great Plains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is little wonder that water figures prominently in Forsberg’s imagery. Geography is at the core of his work, and water is central to the Plains. And with a changing climate and reoccurring drought, Forsberg realizes that his imagery is becoming even more important to showcase the fragile nature of nature itself. “If you don’t have water, you don’t have life. We need to know where our water comes from,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To the Water Source\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forsberg is convinced that most people give little thought to the source of their water. It’s just pervasive, at the tip of our fingertips. Need water? Turn on a faucet. Where does it come from? Who knows?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forsberg explained, “In Nebraska we get our water from the snowpack in the Rockies as snow melt. We get it from the Ogallala Aquifer as groundwater. And we also get water from our weather and climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most places across the country the answer would be similar: water originates in a watershed or water basin. These are geographical features of all landscapes nationwide. A terrain’s basin acts like a funnel, draining all surface water from its highest elevation to its lowest point. In Nebraska, the Platte River Basin is enormous. It takes up most of Nebraska and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69936\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69936 \" title=\"Timelapse camera and Missouri River\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1.jpg\" alt=\"Timelapse camera and Missouri River\" width=\"337\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At select locations throughout the Platte River Basin, automated timelapse cameras record the daily ebb and flow of the watershed. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Depicting the vast watershed at work in pictures is a challenge. Forsberg knows it couldn’t be done with a single camera. But what if there were many? And not just any camera. Forsberg partnered with NET Television colleague Mike Farrell and technology expert Jeff Dale of \u003ca title=\"TRLcam\" href=\"http://www.trlcam.com\" target=\"_blank\">TRLcam\u003c/a>, to custom design a series of weatherproof automated time-lapse cameras. “We thought, what if we took a watershed and put time-lapse cameras throughout the entire water basin? And then followed that water hundreds of miles until it came to the mouth of where it empties into the Missouri River,” stated Forsberg. And so, \u003ca title=\"Platte Basin Timelapse\" href=\"http://www.plattebasintimelapse.com\" target=\"_blank\">Platte Basin Timelapse\u003c/a>(PBT) was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69933\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 289px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69933 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1.jpg\" alt=\"Map of cameras for the Platte Basin Timelapse project.\" width=\"289\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of cameras for the Platte Basin Timelapse project. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The PBT team then selected 45 locations, from the headwaters at Lake Agnes, Colorado, throughout the Platte River, and ending at the convergence of the Platte and Missouri Rivers. At each location a time-lapse camera is programmed to take one photo every hour, every day, year-round. They’ve now recorded an unprecedented three-year visual database of the watershed. By summer, there will be over a million photos!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the PBT team began, they hoped to record the ebb and flow of the watershed through time, including normal water cycles, flooding, and drought. Unexpectedly, they hit the jackpot right away. In 2011, parts of the Great Plains experienced double the average snow melt and runoff from the Rocky Mountains, heavy rains, and massive flooding. A year later, in 2012, a historic drought created bone-dry conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each month the PBT team posts time-lapse sequences on the Platte Basin Timelapse \u003ca title=\"Platte Basin Timelapse\" href=\"http://www.plattebasintimelapse.com\" target=\"_blank\">website \u003c/a>for the public to view and learn the water cycles and how a watershed functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forsberg believes that the PBT Project will act as a template that can be applied to watersheds around the world. “I want people to understand a little bit more about the world in which they live and the natural processes that they rely on to care for the landscape we call home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EDUCATORS\u003c/strong>: Check out the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST digital learning objects\u003c/a> on \u003ca title=\"Surface Water\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\" target=\"_blank\">watersheds \u003c/a>and \u003ca title=\"Water Flows\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\" target=\"_blank\">aquifers\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Explore unexpected imagery of the Great Plains and see how photographer Michael Forsberg is using timelapse cameras to reveal unprecedented views of how watersheds work.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457561025,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1468},"headData":{"title":"Beyond Plain Sight | KQED","description":"Explore unexpected imagery of the Great Plains and see how photographer Michael Forsberg is using timelapse cameras to reveal unprecedented views of how watersheds work.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Beyond Plain Sight","datePublished":"2014-04-29T14:00:26.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T22:03:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69546 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=69546","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/29/michael-forsberg-beyond-plain-sight/","disqusTitle":"Beyond Plain Sight","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pC70-5wrY8","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/69546/michael-forsberg-beyond-plain-sight","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Think the Great Plains is no more than a flat, endless landscape, often called “flyover country”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69919\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 231px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/C0028.new_.03.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69919 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/C0028.new_.03.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Forsberg\" width=\"231\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/C0028.new_.03.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/C0028.new_.03-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/C0028.new_.03-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/C0028.new_.03-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/C0028.new_.03-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/C0028.new_.03-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 231px) 100vw, 231px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Forsberg\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think again. Through the lens of native Nebraskan photographer and author \u003ca title=\"Michael Forsberg\" href=\"http://www.michaelforsberg.com/projects/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Forsberg\u003c/a>, the Great Plains is far from “plain.” For 20 years, Forsberg has been documenting the habitats of his home turf. For him, the Great Plains is an extraordinary, immense, and unanticipated wonderland of species and habitats, including an essential flyway for millions of migratory birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depicting the true nature and meaning of the plains has become a personal mission. Forsberg has a degree in geography, and he uses photography to generate a discussion about the world. “Geography is a perspective that emphasizes space and place and ecology -- and how everything connects with everything else,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69913 alignnone\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1.jpg\" alt=\"Great Plains map and landscape\" width=\"658\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1-400x144.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1-1180x424.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Great-Plains-map-and-landscape-Copy1-960x345.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The 12 states that make up the Great Plains account for an astonishing one-quarter of the U.S., covering one million square miles that are anything but flat. If it was its own country, the Great Plains would be the tenth largest in the world by area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">But only 30 percent of the Great Plains would be considered flat. For example, Nebraska topography is like an inclined tabletop. If you took off from Omaha (elevation 1,090 feet) and flew west across the undulating terrain at a steady elevation of 2,000 feet, you would crash into the ground 450 miles away at Scottsbluff, Nebraska (elevation 3,891 ft).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69934\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 182px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69934 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1.jpg\" alt=\"Rainbow and butterfly milkweed, Konza Prairie, Kansas\" width=\"182\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Rainbow-and-milkweed-prairie1-1038x576.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rainbow and butterfly milkweed, Konza Prairie, Kansas [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This land is a place where grass rules over trees,” said Forsberg. “It’s a place so immense you feel very small. It’s not the mountains. It’s not the Grand Canyon. But it’s every bit as remarkable -- a really diverse landscape. It’s a place where the more you linger, the more beauty you’ll see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unexpected natural beauty that Forsberg captures on film fills a book he authored, \u003ca href=\"http://shop.michaelforsberg.com/collections/great-plains-americas-lingering-wild\">\u003cstrong>Great Plains: America’s Lingering Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, and many of these images appear in an NET Television documentary by the same name broadcast on PBS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 228px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69970 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_.jpg\" alt=\"Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, Montana\" width=\"228\" height=\"128\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/MTL_092307_103_2.MOV.new_-1038x576.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, Montana. Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They include a lone bison roaming the sun-swept prairie, a dazzling rainbow framing colorful milkweed in a prairie meadow, a solitary cougar prowling the Black Hills National Forest in South Dakota at night, majestic cliffs rising over a river in Montana, a burrowing owl with outstretched wings and a laser-piercing stare, and a frolicking Sandhill crane leaping for joy in a courtship dance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69884\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 904px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69884 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes.jpg\" alt=\"Sandhill Cranes\" width=\"904\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/2-sandhills-cranes-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 904px) 100vw, 904px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During breeding season, Sandhill Cranes display elaborate dancing rituals to attract a mate. Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>America's Lingering Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forsberg cautions that this bounty of natural wonder is a gift that needs to be protected, now and for the future. A century ago much of the Great Plains was wide-open territory, a broad expanse of natural prairie, wetlands, and rivers. But today only a patchwork of these environments remains because of widespread development. Forsberg refers to these pockets of refuge as “America’s lingering wild,” where species and habitats are literally hanging on for survival. And some of his most striking images, seen from the air, point to a vast ecosystem at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69986\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69986 \" title=\"Aerial, pothole wetlands, North Dakota\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial, pothole wetlands, North Dakota\" width=\"263\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011.jpg 1560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-800x517.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-1440x930.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-1180x762.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_062206_031.mov.new_.011-960x620.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial, pothole wetlands, North Dakota. Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a territory where half of our nation’s ducks breed annually, only the remains of tiny green patches of irregular wetlands are seen from the air in North Dakota, dwarfed by crop fields of wheat and canola. In the past 50 years, nesting waterfowl have declined dramatically as areas cultivated for high commodity crops, including corn for ethanol production, have overrun these duck-nesting habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69885\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69885 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial, gas and oil fields, Wyoming\" width=\"270\" height=\"152\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Aerial_gas-and-oil-fields-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial, gas and oil fields, Wyoming. Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere, the once rugged and wild Wyoming landscape is scarred and dissected by networks of roads for oil and natural gas development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the arid, fragile plains of Texas contain whitish, ghostly rings of former shallow, circular wetlands called playas, now replaced by dried fields cultivated by center-pivot irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-69991 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1.jpg\" alt=\"Ghostly rings of a Texas playa (wetland).\" width=\"266\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1.jpg 1541w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/AGL_042606_009_161-596-master-3-13-09.mov.new_1-960x635.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ghostly rings of a Texas playa (wetland). Photo: Michael Forsberg. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forsberg laments that the Great Plains, like most temperate grasslands of the world, includes the most endangered habitats on the planet because they’ve been drastically altered from their natural state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all been plowed up for agriculture,” said Forsberg. “The Great Plains is the world’s breadbasket. It’s increasingly being asked to be our energy pump. And it sits on the Holy Grail of the High Plains: the Ogallala Aquifer.” This aquifer is the largest underground system of water-saturated sediments in the country, what Forsberg refers to as “the Saudi Arabia of water.” The Ogallala Aquifer sits beneath the expansive prairie that runs from the Dakotas to Texas. It is the ecological underpinning of all life in the Great Plains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is little wonder that water figures prominently in Forsberg’s imagery. Geography is at the core of his work, and water is central to the Plains. And with a changing climate and reoccurring drought, Forsberg realizes that his imagery is becoming even more important to showcase the fragile nature of nature itself. “If you don’t have water, you don’t have life. We need to know where our water comes from,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To the Water Source\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forsberg is convinced that most people give little thought to the source of their water. It’s just pervasive, at the tip of our fingertips. Need water? Turn on a faucet. Where does it come from? Who knows?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forsberg explained, “In Nebraska we get our water from the snowpack in the Rockies as snow melt. We get it from the Ogallala Aquifer as groundwater. And we also get water from our weather and climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most places across the country the answer would be similar: water originates in a watershed or water basin. These are geographical features of all landscapes nationwide. A terrain’s basin acts like a funnel, draining all surface water from its highest elevation to its lowest point. In Nebraska, the Platte River Basin is enormous. It takes up most of Nebraska and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69936\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69936 \" title=\"Timelapse camera and Missouri River\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1.jpg\" alt=\"Timelapse camera and Missouri River\" width=\"337\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Timelapse-camera-and-Missouri-River1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At select locations throughout the Platte River Basin, automated timelapse cameras record the daily ebb and flow of the watershed. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Depicting the vast watershed at work in pictures is a challenge. Forsberg knows it couldn’t be done with a single camera. But what if there were many? And not just any camera. Forsberg partnered with NET Television colleague Mike Farrell and technology expert Jeff Dale of \u003ca title=\"TRLcam\" href=\"http://www.trlcam.com\" target=\"_blank\">TRLcam\u003c/a>, to custom design a series of weatherproof automated time-lapse cameras. “We thought, what if we took a watershed and put time-lapse cameras throughout the entire water basin? And then followed that water hundreds of miles until it came to the mouth of where it empties into the Missouri River,” stated Forsberg. And so, \u003ca title=\"Platte Basin Timelapse\" href=\"http://www.plattebasintimelapse.com\" target=\"_blank\">Platte Basin Timelapse\u003c/a>(PBT) was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69933\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 289px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-69933 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1.jpg\" alt=\"Map of cameras for the Platte Basin Timelapse project.\" width=\"289\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/Map-of-PBT-over-Missouri-River1-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of cameras for the Platte Basin Timelapse project. [Click to enlarge]\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The PBT team then selected 45 locations, from the headwaters at Lake Agnes, Colorado, throughout the Platte River, and ending at the convergence of the Platte and Missouri Rivers. At each location a time-lapse camera is programmed to take one photo every hour, every day, year-round. They’ve now recorded an unprecedented three-year visual database of the watershed. By summer, there will be over a million photos!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the PBT team began, they hoped to record the ebb and flow of the watershed through time, including normal water cycles, flooding, and drought. Unexpectedly, they hit the jackpot right away. In 2011, parts of the Great Plains experienced double the average snow melt and runoff from the Rocky Mountains, heavy rains, and massive flooding. A year later, in 2012, a historic drought created bone-dry conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each month the PBT team posts time-lapse sequences on the Platte Basin Timelapse \u003ca title=\"Platte Basin Timelapse\" href=\"http://www.plattebasintimelapse.com\" target=\"_blank\">website \u003c/a>for the public to view and learn the water cycles and how a watershed functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forsberg believes that the PBT Project will act as a template that can be applied to watersheds around the world. “I want people to understand a little bit more about the world in which they live and the natural processes that they rely on to care for the landscape we call home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EDUCATORS\u003c/strong>: Check out the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST digital learning objects\u003c/a> on \u003ca title=\"Surface Water\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/surface-water-2/\" target=\"_blank\">watersheds \u003c/a>and \u003ca title=\"Water Flows\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/collections/water-flows/\" target=\"_blank\">aquifers\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/69546/michael-forsberg-beyond-plain-sight","authors":["10297"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11856","quest_326","quest_12269","quest_10353","quest_12847","quest_12845","quest_2186","quest_12782","quest_12354","quest_2893","quest_12348","quest_3071","quest_3108","quest_3121"],"featImg":"quest_69894","label":"source_quest_69546"},"quest_68169":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68169","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68169","score":null,"sort":[1397138445000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"getting-up-close-with-cranes","title":"Getting Up Close with Cranes","publishDate":1397138445,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/gettingupclosewithcranes3_20_14web01.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central Nebraska may look like nothing but flat cornfields from a car speeding down Interstate 80, but it’s an incredibly important stopover point for millions of migrating birds, whose wings and cries fill the skies each spring. One of the most studied and iconic of these species is the sandhill crane, which has been making this annual migration for centuries. Roughly 500,000 cranes travel through Nebraska in the spring, where they descend upon the shallow Platte River, its sandbars, and nearby wetlands to rest and feed before continuing north to breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68966 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0226-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cranes use these wet meadows to feed, bathe and rest during their spring migration. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cranes use these wet meadows to feed, bathe, and rest during their spring migration. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Much of the ground was still frozen on a March afternoon on Mormon Island in central Nebraska. This “island” runs for several miles between two channels of the Platte River. Mary Harner, director of science at the \u003ca href=\"http://cranetrust.org/\">Crane Trust\u003c/a>, led the way to a wet meadow: low-lying, undulating grasslands near the Platte, carved by older flows of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on an ice-covered portion of the slough roughly 20 feet across, Harner explained that once the ice melts, this area will have flowing water. These aptly named wet meadows are closely connected to the groundwater just below the surface, and they're usually marsh-like in spring and summer. Their moist soil makes it easier for birds to find bugs and plants to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have studied crane migration for decades, but they're now using cameras to get an up-close view of how the birds use this critical habitat. Last spring, Harner and other researchers set up 10 game cameras over multiple sites in the meadow. The small, camouflaged cameras were programmed to take pictures every half hour or when they detected motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68967 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0221-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"These small, remote, camouflaged cameras are placed two to three feet off the ground to capture crane behavior. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"304\" height=\"202\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These small, remote, camouflaged cameras are placed two to three feet off the ground to capture crane behavior. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We had cameras paired between the low wet areas and the nearby drier areas going from south to north across this island,” Harner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this habitat is critical for cranes and other migratory birds, during the last century much of it disappeared as the land was developed for agriculture or towns and cities. The Crane Trust is one of several organizations working on conserving what remains along the central Platte, using methods that mimic historic forces on this river habitat, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/25/bison-and-cranes-reunited-to-support-habitat-restoration/\">like prescribed fire and grazing with cattle and bison\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These wet meadow habitats are very rare. They’re one of the first habitats to be lost when river flows are diminished and floodplains are converted from their natural state. So we’re here to first and foremost protect the remaining grasslands and meadows like this,” Harner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 228px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68970 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0239-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Harner is director of science at the Crane Trust. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"228\" height=\"152\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Harner is director of science at the Crane Trust. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harner and her colleagues think these cameras might help them learn more about how and why the birds use these areas, which will help their conservation work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Johnsgard, a renowned ornithologist and retired biology professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has spent his career studying cranes and other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Spring biology of cranes is really important because these six weeks or so that the birds spend in the Platte Valley are critically important for them to acquire the amount of fat -- energy -- that they need for the rest of their spring and summer activities. So it really is important to get this kind of data,” Johnsgard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane video cameras have been around for a while, but most of the data on cranes has come from aerial surveys, thermal imaging, and people watching from wildlife blinds. Using the cameras to get thousands of up-close images offers a different way to study sandhill crane biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69099 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/CraneTrust2-331x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wet meadow habitat is critical for cranes during their annual spring migration. Photo courtesy of the Crane Trust.\" width=\"331\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wet meadow habitat is critical for cranes during their annual spring migration. Photo courtesy of the Crane Trust\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You get an enormous sample of thousands of data points and from that you can look at them statistically and figure out exactly what percentage of time birds are doing different things. It gives a set of real data instead of general perceptions,” Johnsgard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That data would be almost impossible to get without human presence affecting crane behavior, according to Greg Wright, wildlife biologist at the Crane Trust. He noted that part of the initial study involved figuring out where to put the cameras. “We didn’t know exactly how they would respond to these cameras being out there. The camera is small and fairly discreet, and it’s camouflaged, but still, in a grassland anything sticks out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright said their time-lapse photography approach builds on previous wildlife studies, and cranes make ideal subjects for this kind of technology because of their “fidelity” to the Platte River, where they’ve returned year after year for centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nature of cameras, when you can’t move them, you need a bird that has some sort of fidelity to a site. Other than nests, there’s not too many places that birds return to again and again in a way that you’d have enough images to be able to discover a pattern. Cranes fit that bill,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for the study came from existing collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"http://p-b-t.net/\">Platte Basin Timelapse\u003c/a> project, a public/private partnership of the University of Nebraska, NET Television, and Michael Forsberg Photography, which has been collecting time-lapse images across the river system for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69021\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69021 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0219-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Crane Trust Wildlife Biologist Greg Wright checks a camera that was left in place year-round, eleveated and fenced to protect it from cattle. Now that it's spring, he'll remove the fence and drop the camera height so that it can once again capture images of cranes. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crane Trust Wildlife Biologist Greg Wright checks a camera that was left in place year-round, eleveated and fenced to protect it from cattle. Now that it's spring, he'll remove the fence and drop the camera height so that it can once again capture images of cranes. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harner said changing technology has recently made these kinds of studies much cheaper and easier for researchers. Photos and videos are also more accessible for the general public than papers or graphs, Harner said, “being able show how the groundwater is pulsing and how these grasslands are essentially breathing … it just brings it to life in ways that are nearly impossible to visualize otherwise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student interns helped classify more than 67,000 unique behaviors from tens of thousands of images collected last March and April. Wright said their initial findings show cranes tend to congregate in the wetter parts of the meadows, where they did more bathing and resting, compared to drier upland areas, where they mostly ate and moved around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69022\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69022 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0284-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"After spending the day eating and socializing in nearby fields and wetlands, cranes typically return to the Platte River at night to protect themselves from predators. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After spending the day eating and socializing in nearby fields and wetlands, cranes typically return to the Platte River at night to protect themselves from predators. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think we were surprised that there were these strong differences between the uplands and the sloughs -- the water areas,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camera data also offered rare glimpses of birds spending the night in the meadows rather than returning to the river as they normally do. Wright said that this spring the Crane Trust will use the cameras to study nighttime behavior of cranes on the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what the birds are necessarily doing. We know they stay on the river. But to be able to have a camera right there on the roost and see those birds throughout the night… We’ll be able to see their activity pattern through the night,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project should help researchers and the public alike learn more about Nebraska’s annual winged travelers and their spring visits along the central Platte.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For decades, scientists have studied the annual migration of sandhill cranes through central Nebraska. A new project is using time-lapse cameras to capture and study crane behavior.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442694770,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1325},"headData":{"title":"Getting Up Close with Cranes | KQED","description":"For decades, scientists have studied the annual migration of sandhill cranes through central Nebraska. A new project is using time-lapse cameras to capture and study crane behavior.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Getting Up Close with Cranes","datePublished":"2014-04-10T14:00:45.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T20:32:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68169 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68169","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/10/getting-up-close-with-cranes/","disqusTitle":"Getting Up Close with Cranes","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/68169/getting-up-close-with-cranes","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/gettingupclosewithcranes3_20_14web01.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/gettingupclosewithcranes3_20_14web01.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central Nebraska may look like nothing but flat cornfields from a car speeding down Interstate 80, but it’s an incredibly important stopover point for millions of migrating birds, whose wings and cries fill the skies each spring. One of the most studied and iconic of these species is the sandhill crane, which has been making this annual migration for centuries. Roughly 500,000 cranes travel through Nebraska in the spring, where they descend upon the shallow Platte River, its sandbars, and nearby wetlands to rest and feed before continuing north to breed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68966 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0226-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cranes use these wet meadows to feed, bathe and rest during their spring migration. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News.\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cranes use these wet meadows to feed, bathe, and rest during their spring migration. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Much of the ground was still frozen on a March afternoon on Mormon Island in central Nebraska. This “island” runs for several miles between two channels of the Platte River. Mary Harner, director of science at the \u003ca href=\"http://cranetrust.org/\">Crane Trust\u003c/a>, led the way to a wet meadow: low-lying, undulating grasslands near the Platte, carved by older flows of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on an ice-covered portion of the slough roughly 20 feet across, Harner explained that once the ice melts, this area will have flowing water. These aptly named wet meadows are closely connected to the groundwater just below the surface, and they're usually marsh-like in spring and summer. Their moist soil makes it easier for birds to find bugs and plants to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have studied crane migration for decades, but they're now using cameras to get an up-close view of how the birds use this critical habitat. Last spring, Harner and other researchers set up 10 game cameras over multiple sites in the meadow. The small, camouflaged cameras were programmed to take pictures every half hour or when they detected motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 304px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68967 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0221-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"These small, remote, camouflaged cameras are placed two to three feet off the ground to capture crane behavior. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"304\" height=\"202\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These small, remote, camouflaged cameras are placed two to three feet off the ground to capture crane behavior. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We had cameras paired between the low wet areas and the nearby drier areas going from south to north across this island,” Harner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this habitat is critical for cranes and other migratory birds, during the last century much of it disappeared as the land was developed for agriculture or towns and cities. The Crane Trust is one of several organizations working on conserving what remains along the central Platte, using methods that mimic historic forces on this river habitat, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/25/bison-and-cranes-reunited-to-support-habitat-restoration/\">like prescribed fire and grazing with cattle and bison\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These wet meadow habitats are very rare. They’re one of the first habitats to be lost when river flows are diminished and floodplains are converted from their natural state. So we’re here to first and foremost protect the remaining grasslands and meadows like this,” Harner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 228px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68970 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0239-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Mary Harner is director of science at the Crane Trust. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"228\" height=\"152\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Harner is director of science at the Crane Trust. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harner and her colleagues think these cameras might help them learn more about how and why the birds use these areas, which will help their conservation work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Johnsgard, a renowned ornithologist and retired biology professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has spent his career studying cranes and other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Spring biology of cranes is really important because these six weeks or so that the birds spend in the Platte Valley are critically important for them to acquire the amount of fat -- energy -- that they need for the rest of their spring and summer activities. So it really is important to get this kind of data,” Johnsgard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane video cameras have been around for a while, but most of the data on cranes has come from aerial surveys, thermal imaging, and people watching from wildlife blinds. Using the cameras to get thousands of up-close images offers a different way to study sandhill crane biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69099 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/CraneTrust2-331x253.jpg\" alt=\"Wet meadow habitat is critical for cranes during their annual spring migration. Photo courtesy of the Crane Trust.\" width=\"331\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wet meadow habitat is critical for cranes during their annual spring migration. Photo courtesy of the Crane Trust\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You get an enormous sample of thousands of data points and from that you can look at them statistically and figure out exactly what percentage of time birds are doing different things. It gives a set of real data instead of general perceptions,” Johnsgard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That data would be almost impossible to get without human presence affecting crane behavior, according to Greg Wright, wildlife biologist at the Crane Trust. He noted that part of the initial study involved figuring out where to put the cameras. “We didn’t know exactly how they would respond to these cameras being out there. The camera is small and fairly discreet, and it’s camouflaged, but still, in a grassland anything sticks out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright said their time-lapse photography approach builds on previous wildlife studies, and cranes make ideal subjects for this kind of technology because of their “fidelity” to the Platte River, where they’ve returned year after year for centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nature of cameras, when you can’t move them, you need a bird that has some sort of fidelity to a site. Other than nests, there’s not too many places that birds return to again and again in a way that you’d have enough images to be able to discover a pattern. Cranes fit that bill,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for the study came from existing collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"http://p-b-t.net/\">Platte Basin Timelapse\u003c/a> project, a public/private partnership of the University of Nebraska, NET Television, and Michael Forsberg Photography, which has been collecting time-lapse images across the river system for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69021\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69021 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0219-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Crane Trust Wildlife Biologist Greg Wright checks a camera that was left in place year-round, eleveated and fenced to protect it from cattle. Now that it's spring, he'll remove the fence and drop the camera height so that it can once again capture images of cranes. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crane Trust Wildlife Biologist Greg Wright checks a camera that was left in place year-round, eleveated and fenced to protect it from cattle. Now that it's spring, he'll remove the fence and drop the camera height so that it can once again capture images of cranes. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Harner said changing technology has recently made these kinds of studies much cheaper and easier for researchers. Photos and videos are also more accessible for the general public than papers or graphs, Harner said, “being able show how the groundwater is pulsing and how these grasslands are essentially breathing … it just brings it to life in ways that are nearly impossible to visualize otherwise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student interns helped classify more than 67,000 unique behaviors from tens of thousands of images collected last March and April. Wright said their initial findings show cranes tend to congregate in the wetter parts of the meadows, where they did more bathing and resting, compared to drier upland areas, where they mostly ate and moved around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69022\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69022 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC_0284-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"After spending the day eating and socializing in nearby fields and wetlands, cranes typically return to the Platte River at night to protect themselves from predators. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News. \" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After spending the day eating and socializing in nearby fields and wetlands, cranes typically return to the Platte River at night to protect themselves from predators. Photo by Ariana Brocious, NET News\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think we were surprised that there were these strong differences between the uplands and the sloughs -- the water areas,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camera data also offered rare glimpses of birds spending the night in the meadows rather than returning to the river as they normally do. Wright said that this spring the Crane Trust will use the cameras to study nighttime behavior of cranes on the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what the birds are necessarily doing. We know they stay on the river. But to be able to have a camera right there on the roost and see those birds throughout the night… We’ll be able to see their activity pattern through the night,” Wright said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project should help researchers and the public alike learn more about Nebraska’s annual winged travelers and their spring visits along the central Platte.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68169/getting-up-close-with-cranes","authors":["10465"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_304","quest_326","quest_13193","quest_340","quest_12775","quest_12646","quest_12269","quest_12774","quest_12773","quest_1819","quest_12520","quest_12777","quest_12782","quest_12491","quest_12354","quest_12645","quest_12348"],"featImg":"quest_69098","label":"source_quest_68169"},"quest_60340":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60340","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60340","score":null,"sort":[1382450404000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"restoring-oyster-reefs","title":"Restoring Oyster Reefs","publishDate":1382450404,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“He was a brave man that first ate an oyster.” \u003c/strong>- satirist Jonathan Swift (1667–1745)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows who that brave soul was who first shucked an oyster, but we do know that by the late 1800s millions of pounds of salty, slimy oyster meat were being harvested from places like North Carolina’s Outer Banks and shipped across the country. The secret was out: raw, steamed, grilled, or fried, oysters were on the menu from coast to coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/boat_archives.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62171 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/boat_archives-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists estimate the current North Carolina wild oyster population is 50% of what it was 100 years ago. This archive photo was provided by NC State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists estimate the current North Carolina wild oyster population is 50% of what it was 100 years ago. Archive photo provided by NC State University.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the demand for oysters increased, fishermen began using more sophisticated tools -- like mechanical dredge boats -- to boost their catch. And boy, were they successful! Marine scientists generally place the current oyster population at around 50 percent of what it was a century ago. And some estimates claim areas like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nccoast.org/Content.aspx?key=0dec568b-85f4-4e84-86d1-8a449db4055f&title=Oyster+Habitat\">North Carolina’s Pamlico Sound\u003c/a> are at 10 percent of the levels that existed in the early 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons that populations have been so decimated and haven’t been able to come back has to do with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncseagrant.org/home/coastwatch/coastwatch-articles?task=showArticle&id=750\">habitat needs of the oyster\u003c/a>. Baby oysters, or spat, literally grow on the backs of their ancestors. Spat swim in the water column until they can latch on to a suitable surface. More often than not, that surface is an established oyster reef made up of generations of older oysters. As wild oyster harvesting increased, the reefs diminished and baby oysters had no place to anchor. The oyster population plummeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t just another “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncseagrant.org/home/coastwatch?task=showArticle&view=listarticles&id=750\">species of special concern\u003c/a>” story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that oysters are indispensable to the marine ecosystem. Aside from their role as a viable fishery, oyster reefs provide three main ecosystem services. They stabilize shorelines by breaking up wave energy, they provide habitat for hundreds of marine organisms such as crabs and barnacles and, perhaps most importantly, they help filter the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Islo0nEmJU8]\u003cbr>\nA\u003cem>dult\u003c/em> o\u003cem>ysters can filter up to 50 gallons of water a day. In this one hour timelapse video, you can see a decrease in the levels of turbidity, or murk, in the water.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filter-feeding oysters transfer nutrients (including nitrogen) from the water to the bottom. \u003ca href=\"http://blog.nature.org/science/2013/09/10/restoring-oyster-reefs/\">That’s a good thing, not only for the marine ecosystem but also for humans\u003c/a>. Studies estimate that oyster-reef sediments remove 25 percent more nitrogen than areas without oysters. An excess of nitrogen in the water promotes algal blooms that shade underwater vegetation and can lower the dissolved oxygen levels. Loss of underwater vegetation and low oxygen are increasingly common in coastal ecosystems. They can result in undesirable impacts ranging from reduced water clarity to fewer fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Oysters3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62167\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Oysters3-450x229.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists with UNC Chapel Hill use laser scanners to determine the best location for future reefs. Photo by David Huppert\" width=\"450\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists with UNC Chapel Hill use laser scanners to determine the best location for future reefs. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In North Carolina, and around the country, initiatives to restore oyster reefs can become a political, cultural, environmental, and economic quagmire. There are many competing interests at stake, from the livelihood of fishermen to government oversight to downstream water-quality issues. Scientists have long studied the many ecosystem services provided by oysters and are now stepping into the fray armed with data to prove where, why, and how to restore oyster reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the brave ones aren’t those eating the oysters. Rather, they are the men and women charged with keeping oysters in our waters and on our plates, now and into the future.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In this video, scientists wade through marshes along North Carolina’s coast on a mission to restore oyster reefs, which are critical to the health of our marine ecosystems.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457565217,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":604},"headData":{"title":"Restoring Oyster Reefs | KQED","description":"In this video, scientists wade through marshes along North Carolina’s coast on a mission to restore oyster reefs, which are critical to the health of our marine ecosystems.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Restoring Oyster Reefs","datePublished":"2013-10-22T14:00:04.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:13:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"60340 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60340","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/22/restoring-oyster-reefs/","disqusTitle":"Restoring Oyster Reefs","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSjkQsH-QsQ","path":"/quest/60340/restoring-oyster-reefs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“He was a brave man that first ate an oyster.” \u003c/strong>- satirist Jonathan Swift (1667–1745)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows who that brave soul was who first shucked an oyster, but we do know that by the late 1800s millions of pounds of salty, slimy oyster meat were being harvested from places like North Carolina’s Outer Banks and shipped across the country. The secret was out: raw, steamed, grilled, or fried, oysters were on the menu from coast to coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/boat_archives.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62171 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/boat_archives-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists estimate the current North Carolina wild oyster population is 50% of what it was 100 years ago. This archive photo was provided by NC State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists estimate the current North Carolina wild oyster population is 50% of what it was 100 years ago. Archive photo provided by NC State University.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the demand for oysters increased, fishermen began using more sophisticated tools -- like mechanical dredge boats -- to boost their catch. And boy, were they successful! Marine scientists generally place the current oyster population at around 50 percent of what it was a century ago. And some estimates claim areas like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nccoast.org/Content.aspx?key=0dec568b-85f4-4e84-86d1-8a449db4055f&title=Oyster+Habitat\">North Carolina’s Pamlico Sound\u003c/a> are at 10 percent of the levels that existed in the early 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons that populations have been so decimated and haven’t been able to come back has to do with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncseagrant.org/home/coastwatch/coastwatch-articles?task=showArticle&id=750\">habitat needs of the oyster\u003c/a>. Baby oysters, or spat, literally grow on the backs of their ancestors. Spat swim in the water column until they can latch on to a suitable surface. More often than not, that surface is an established oyster reef made up of generations of older oysters. As wild oyster harvesting increased, the reefs diminished and baby oysters had no place to anchor. The oyster population plummeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t just another “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncseagrant.org/home/coastwatch?task=showArticle&view=listarticles&id=750\">species of special concern\u003c/a>” story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that oysters are indispensable to the marine ecosystem. Aside from their role as a viable fishery, oyster reefs provide three main ecosystem services. They stabilize shorelines by breaking up wave energy, they provide habitat for hundreds of marine organisms such as crabs and barnacles and, perhaps most importantly, they help filter the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Islo0nEmJU8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Islo0nEmJU8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nA\u003cem>dult\u003c/em> o\u003cem>ysters can filter up to 50 gallons of water a day. In this one hour timelapse video, you can see a decrease in the levels of turbidity, or murk, in the water.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filter-feeding oysters transfer nutrients (including nitrogen) from the water to the bottom. \u003ca href=\"http://blog.nature.org/science/2013/09/10/restoring-oyster-reefs/\">That’s a good thing, not only for the marine ecosystem but also for humans\u003c/a>. Studies estimate that oyster-reef sediments remove 25 percent more nitrogen than areas without oysters. An excess of nitrogen in the water promotes algal blooms that shade underwater vegetation and can lower the dissolved oxygen levels. Loss of underwater vegetation and low oxygen are increasingly common in coastal ecosystems. They can result in undesirable impacts ranging from reduced water clarity to fewer fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Oysters3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62167\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Oysters3-450x229.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists with UNC Chapel Hill use laser scanners to determine the best location for future reefs. Photo by David Huppert\" width=\"450\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists with UNC Chapel Hill use laser scanners to determine the best location for future reefs. Photo by David Huppert\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In North Carolina, and around the country, initiatives to restore oyster reefs can become a political, cultural, environmental, and economic quagmire. There are many competing interests at stake, from the livelihood of fishermen to government oversight to downstream water-quality issues. Scientists have long studied the many ecosystem services provided by oysters and are now stepping into the fray armed with data to prove where, why, and how to restore oyster reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the brave ones aren’t those eating the oysters. Rather, they are the men and women charged with keeping oysters in our waters and on our plates, now and into the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60340/restoring-oyster-reefs","authors":["10296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3229","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_1099","quest_12269","quest_10388","quest_2034","quest_12347","quest_11489","quest_2141","quest_12186","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_12346","quest_2423","quest_2530","quest_13364","quest_2893","quest_12348","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_3071","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_62164","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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