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After receiving his BS in Wildlife Biology from Ohio University, he went on to participate in marine mammal research for NOAA, USGS and the Intersea Foundation. He also served as the president of The Pacific Cetacean Group, a nonprofit organization dedicated to teaching students K-6 about whales. Josh studied science and natural history filmmaking at San Francisco State University and Montana State University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]}],"headData":{"title":"Josh Cassidy | KQED","description":"Digital Video Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/joshua-cassidy"},"andrew-alden":{"type":"authors","id":"6228","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6228","found":true},"name":"Andrew Alden","firstName":"Andrew","lastName":"Alden","slug":"andrew-alden","email":"alden@andrew-alden.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. 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In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"},"lfarrar":{"type":"authors","id":"6544","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6544","found":true},"name":"Lauren Farrar","firstName":"Lauren","lastName":"Farrar","slug":"lfarrar","email":"lfarrar@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Lauren has a background in biology, education, and filmmaking. 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Follow her on twitter @LFarrarAtWork","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/580c4ece9fa0756ef42202cdcf4146d1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"lowdown","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"education","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lauren Farrar | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/580c4ece9fa0756ef42202cdcf4146d1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/580c4ece9fa0756ef42202cdcf4146d1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lfarrar"},"chris-bauer":{"type":"authors","id":"10169","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10169","found":true},"name":"Chris Bauer","firstName":"Chris","lastName":"Bauer","slug":"chris-bauer","email":"cbauer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Chris Bauer is a Freelance Media Producer with over 20 years experience working in broadcast television; producing sports, history, technology, science, environment and adventure related programming. He is a two-time winner of the international Society of Environmental Journalists Award for Outstanding Television Story and has received multiple Northern California Emmy Awards. Some of his Quest stories have been featured in the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival, Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, United Nations Association Film Festival, the BLUE Ocean Film Festival and the Environmental Film Festival in Washington DC. A 5th generation Bay Area resident and a graduate of St. Mary's College of California, his hobbies include canoeing, snowboarding, wood-working and trying to play the ukulele. He and his family live in Alameda, CA.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Chris Bauer | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/chris-bauer"},"acalo":{"type":"authors","id":"10423","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10423","found":true},"name":"Adrienne Calo","firstName":"Adrienne","lastName":"Calo","slug":"acalo","email":"acalo@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Adrienne Calo has been a producer of PBS films, specials, and series for the last 12 years. In 2006, she joined the KQED arts series, \"Spark\" as Coordinating Producer, and became Series Producer in its 6th season. Segments she produced for the series earned her four Northern California Emmy nominations. Adrienne then went on to work with social justice media company The Working Group, serving as a producer on their national PBS film “Not In Our Town; Light In the Darkness”, a portrait of a Long Island community in the aftermath of a hate crime. Most recently, Adrienne was the Coordinating Producer of the national PBS series \"Sound Tracks: Music Without Borders\", which uses music to tell stories about international culture and politics. 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She started in Santa Barbara as a television reporter/photographer, worked in Sacramento and San Francisco's KRON-TV as a news camerawoman/editor for ten years. Afterward, Leslie became a freelance feature reporter in Wyoming while ranching with her husband. She currently produces stories for Deep West Video and KAZU news in Monterey. She is an advisory board member for BenitoLink, a non-profit news website in San Benito County.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d33c9edbe83cb9cd8ae8aa9f202c8ccd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Leslie David | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d33c9edbe83cb9cd8ae8aa9f202c8ccd?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d33c9edbe83cb9cd8ae8aa9f202c8ccd?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ldavid"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_74361":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_74361","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"74361","score":null,"sort":[1445950806000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"self-driving-cars-the-road-ahead","title":"Self-Driving Cars: The Road Ahead","publishDate":1445950806,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Traffic congestion along busy stretches of roads and highways can make commutes a dreaded daily routine for most California motorists. In fact, after Washington, D.C., Los Angeles and San Francisco are the nation’s second and third most gridlocked cities according to \u003ca href=\"http://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/report/\">a new report\u003c/a> by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California is also home to Silicon Valley, where major car companies, including Ford, Mercedes and Audi, as well as tech titans such as Google, are engineering a new generation of vehicles: self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say vehicles that drive themselves would not only ease congestion, but also boost safety and allow motorists to work or play as their cars take control of the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If self-driving cars are really safe, then crashes, which are a huge source of unexpected congestion, can be eliminated,” said Nidhi Kalra, a robotics scientist who \u003ca href=\"http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR443-1.html\">co-authored a paper on self-driving cars\u003c/a> for the RAND Corporation in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since more than 90 percent of the more than 32,000 motor vehicle deaths in the United States each year are due to human error, such as drunk driving or texting behind the wheel, automating some or all of the driving tasks should substantially reduce fatalities, proponents of self-driving vehicles argue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74364\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_SteeringWheel-e1441246298343.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74364\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_SteeringWheel-e1441246298343.jpg\" alt=\"Audi's self-driving prototype is capable of changing lanes on its own when driving on the highway. Image by Blake McHugh, KQED Science \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_SteeringWheel-e1441246298343.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_SteeringWheel-e1441246298343-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Audi's self-driving prototype is capable of changing lanes on its own when driving on the highway. Image by Blake McHugh\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the cars are further along than many people realize. In January, \u003ca href=\"http://www.audiusa.com/newsroom/news/press-releases/2015/01/550-mile-piloted-drive-from-silicon-valley-to-las-vegas\">an Audi A7 drove 550 miles from Silicon Valley to Las Vegas\u003c/a> with company officials and journalists on board, with the car driving itself at speeds of up to 70 mph. In April, an Audi Q5 modified by Delphi,\u003ca href=\"http://www.delphi.com/delphi-drive\"> drove from San Francisco to New York over nine days in autonomous mode 99 percent of the time.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it may be a decade or more before fully self-driving, or autonomous, vehicles are for sale to consumers, given the many technological hurdles that have to be overcome before they can handle the numerous complex driving situations and environments human motorists encounter daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How well can the vehicle perceive all of the hazards and the objects in the environment that are not dangerous?” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.berkeley.edu/people/staff-directory/steven-shladover\">Steven Shladover\u003c/a>, a transportation engineer at the University of California Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using the example of a paper bag or a newspaper, he pointed out that the sophisticated sensors on a self-driving car may detect these obstacles but fail to detect potentially dangerous obstacles such as a pothole, which he said is “really hard to see by almost any sensor technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although challenges still remain, Silicon Valley is fast-becoming a 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup>-century Detroit. And it may not even be a traditional auto maker that is the first to cross the finish line with a consumer-ready self-driving vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcworld.com/article/2940895/googles-self-driving-car-is-now-driving-itself-around-the-city-of-mountain-view.html\">Google began rolling out its latest self-driving prototype,\u003c/a> which tops out at 25 mph, on the streets of Mountain View near its headquarters. The company has logged roughly a million miles since it began testing its prototypes in 2009, and its co-founder, Sergey Brin, has said the cars could be available to the public as soon as 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Google, there are eight other companies in California that currently hold permits issued by the state to test dozens of autonomous vehicle prototypes on public roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74365\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_Camera_sensor-e1441246576585.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74365\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_Camera_sensor-e1441246576585.jpg\" alt=\"Prototypes of self-driving cars are equipped with an array of sensors, including cameras. Image by Blake McHugh, KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_Camera_sensor-e1441246576585.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_Camera_sensor-e1441246576585-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Prototypes of self-driving cars are equipped with an array of sensors, including cameras, and can measure the distance to objects such as pedestrians or other cars. Image by Blake McHugh \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Experts say that cars will continue to evolve, first from features that have been common for years like cruise control, through technologies available in new cars, like self-parking, to new models in the coming years that will change lanes by themselves, and may eventually be driverless, a trend that could change everything from the taxi industry to the way cities and suburbs are designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, concerns around the technology and liability have to be overcome. Lawyers and lawmakers, for example, are working out who would be at fault if a self-driving car crashes and injures someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, even conventional cars are becoming computers on wheels, with WiFi and Bluetooth-enabled communication and infotainment features that can make them vulnerable to being hacked. In July, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/24/us-fiat-chrysler-recall-idUSKCN0PY1U920150724\">Fiat Chrysler recalled more than a million of its cars\u003c/a> after two experts demonstrated a security flaw they exploited to wirelessly hack into a Jeep Cherokee as it drove down a freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Myles Kitchen, an automotive engineer in Santa Cruz who works as a consultant for auto companies and start-ups, said hackers can control a car’s engine, throttle and braking if they can gain access to a car’s Controller Area Network bus. The device functions like a conductor to relay data messages between the many electronic modules in a car that control everything from power steering to low fuel alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as critical as the computer centers are for the operation of a car, they are vulnerable to being hacked because they lack firewall protection commonly found in home computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the CAN bus was developed, there were no computer hackers,” Kitchen said. “If you study this data, it’s very easy to reverse engineer what the exact commands are to do various things in a vehicle, like put on the brakes, or disable the brakes,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if self-driving vehicles aren’t right around the corner, Silicon Valley’s tech talent and expertise in machine learning, coupled with advancements in laser and radar sensors, are driving the innovations needed to make autonomous vehicles a reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74370\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_FrameGrab_Audi_car1-e1441301738248.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74370\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_FrameGrab_Audi_car1-e1441301738248.jpg\" alt=\"Nine companies in California, including Audi, have permits to test their prototype self-driving cars on public roads. Image by Owen Bissell\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_FrameGrab_Audi_car1-e1441301738248.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_FrameGrab_Audi_car1-e1441301738248-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nine companies in California, including Audi, have permits to test their prototype self-driving cars on public roads. Image by Owen Bissell\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stanford University engineering professor \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/j-gerdes\">J. Christian Gerdes\u003c/a>, who has been working on autonomous vehicle technology since 1992, concedes that significant challenges remain, from programming ethical decision-making to reduce crashes, to improving the performance of sensors in heavy rain or snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he thinks the automated driving revolution is well underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most exciting time I’ve ever seen with automated vehicles,” he said. “It’s no longer a question of can we make these cars, but a question of when will they impact our daily lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This video story is featured in the QUEST television documentary, “Self-Driving Cars: The Road Ahead.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Self-driving cars are no longer the stuff of science fiction. Google, Tesla, Audi and other companies are taking dozens of prototype vehicles onto the road in California and other states. But before they can take off with consumers, big hurdles need to be overcome. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471475458,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1101},"headData":{"title":"Self-Driving Cars: The Road Ahead | KQED","description":"Self-driving cars are no longer the stuff of science fiction. Google, Tesla, Audi and other companies are taking dozens of prototype vehicles onto the road in California and other states. But before they can take off with consumers, big hurdles need to be overcome. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"74361 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=74361","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/10/27/self-driving-cars-the-road-ahead/","disqusTitle":"Self-Driving Cars: The Road Ahead","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/zkM6xOk-Drs","source":"Engineering","path":"/quest/74361/self-driving-cars-the-road-ahead","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Traffic congestion along busy stretches of roads and highways can make commutes a dreaded daily routine for most California motorists. In fact, after Washington, D.C., Los Angeles and San Francisco are the nation’s second and third most gridlocked cities according to \u003ca href=\"http://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/report/\">a new report\u003c/a> by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California is also home to Silicon Valley, where major car companies, including Ford, Mercedes and Audi, as well as tech titans such as Google, are engineering a new generation of vehicles: self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say vehicles that drive themselves would not only ease congestion, but also boost safety and allow motorists to work or play as their cars take control of the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If self-driving cars are really safe, then crashes, which are a huge source of unexpected congestion, can be eliminated,” said Nidhi Kalra, a robotics scientist who \u003ca href=\"http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR443-1.html\">co-authored a paper on self-driving cars\u003c/a> for the RAND Corporation in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since more than 90 percent of the more than 32,000 motor vehicle deaths in the United States each year are due to human error, such as drunk driving or texting behind the wheel, automating some or all of the driving tasks should substantially reduce fatalities, proponents of self-driving vehicles argue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74364\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_SteeringWheel-e1441246298343.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74364\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_SteeringWheel-e1441246298343.jpg\" alt=\"Audi's self-driving prototype is capable of changing lanes on its own when driving on the highway. Image by Blake McHugh, KQED Science \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_SteeringWheel-e1441246298343.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_SteeringWheel-e1441246298343-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Audi's self-driving prototype is capable of changing lanes on its own when driving on the highway. Image by Blake McHugh\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the cars are further along than many people realize. In January, \u003ca href=\"http://www.audiusa.com/newsroom/news/press-releases/2015/01/550-mile-piloted-drive-from-silicon-valley-to-las-vegas\">an Audi A7 drove 550 miles from Silicon Valley to Las Vegas\u003c/a> with company officials and journalists on board, with the car driving itself at speeds of up to 70 mph. In April, an Audi Q5 modified by Delphi,\u003ca href=\"http://www.delphi.com/delphi-drive\"> drove from San Francisco to New York over nine days in autonomous mode 99 percent of the time.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it may be a decade or more before fully self-driving, or autonomous, vehicles are for sale to consumers, given the many technological hurdles that have to be overcome before they can handle the numerous complex driving situations and environments human motorists encounter daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How well can the vehicle perceive all of the hazards and the objects in the environment that are not dangerous?” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.path.berkeley.edu/people/staff-directory/steven-shladover\">Steven Shladover\u003c/a>, a transportation engineer at the University of California Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using the example of a paper bag or a newspaper, he pointed out that the sophisticated sensors on a self-driving car may detect these obstacles but fail to detect potentially dangerous obstacles such as a pothole, which he said is “really hard to see by almost any sensor technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although challenges still remain, Silicon Valley is fast-becoming a 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup>-century Detroit. And it may not even be a traditional auto maker that is the first to cross the finish line with a consumer-ready self-driving vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcworld.com/article/2940895/googles-self-driving-car-is-now-driving-itself-around-the-city-of-mountain-view.html\">Google began rolling out its latest self-driving prototype,\u003c/a> which tops out at 25 mph, on the streets of Mountain View near its headquarters. The company has logged roughly a million miles since it began testing its prototypes in 2009, and its co-founder, Sergey Brin, has said the cars could be available to the public as soon as 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Google, there are eight other companies in California that currently hold permits issued by the state to test dozens of autonomous vehicle prototypes on public roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74365\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_Camera_sensor-e1441246576585.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74365\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_Camera_sensor-e1441246576585.jpg\" alt=\"Prototypes of self-driving cars are equipped with an array of sensors, including cameras. Image by Blake McHugh, KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_Camera_sensor-e1441246576585.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_Framegrab_Camera_sensor-e1441246576585-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Prototypes of self-driving cars are equipped with an array of sensors, including cameras, and can measure the distance to objects such as pedestrians or other cars. Image by Blake McHugh \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Experts say that cars will continue to evolve, first from features that have been common for years like cruise control, through technologies available in new cars, like self-parking, to new models in the coming years that will change lanes by themselves, and may eventually be driverless, a trend that could change everything from the taxi industry to the way cities and suburbs are designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, concerns around the technology and liability have to be overcome. Lawyers and lawmakers, for example, are working out who would be at fault if a self-driving car crashes and injures someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, even conventional cars are becoming computers on wheels, with WiFi and Bluetooth-enabled communication and infotainment features that can make them vulnerable to being hacked. In July, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/24/us-fiat-chrysler-recall-idUSKCN0PY1U920150724\">Fiat Chrysler recalled more than a million of its cars\u003c/a> after two experts demonstrated a security flaw they exploited to wirelessly hack into a Jeep Cherokee as it drove down a freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Myles Kitchen, an automotive engineer in Santa Cruz who works as a consultant for auto companies and start-ups, said hackers can control a car’s engine, throttle and braking if they can gain access to a car’s Controller Area Network bus. The device functions like a conductor to relay data messages between the many electronic modules in a car that control everything from power steering to low fuel alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as critical as the computer centers are for the operation of a car, they are vulnerable to being hacked because they lack firewall protection commonly found in home computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the CAN bus was developed, there were no computer hackers,” Kitchen said. “If you study this data, it’s very easy to reverse engineer what the exact commands are to do various things in a vehicle, like put on the brakes, or disable the brakes,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if self-driving vehicles aren’t right around the corner, Silicon Valley’s tech talent and expertise in machine learning, coupled with advancements in laser and radar sensors, are driving the innovations needed to make autonomous vehicles a reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74370\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_FrameGrab_Audi_car1-e1441301738248.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74370\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_FrameGrab_Audi_car1-e1441301738248.jpg\" alt=\"Nine companies in California, including Audi, have permits to test their prototype self-driving cars on public roads. Image by Owen Bissell\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_FrameGrab_Audi_car1-e1441301738248.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/901_FrameGrab_Audi_car1-e1441301738248-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nine companies in California, including Audi, have permits to test their prototype self-driving cars on public roads. Image by Owen Bissell\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stanford University engineering professor \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/j-gerdes\">J. Christian Gerdes\u003c/a>, who has been working on autonomous vehicle technology since 1992, concedes that significant challenges remain, from programming ethical decision-making to reduce crashes, to improving the performance of sensors in heavy rain or snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he thinks the automated driving revolution is well underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most exciting time I’ve ever seen with automated vehicles,” he said. “It’s no longer a question of can we make these cars, but a question of when will they impact our daily lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This video story is featured in the QUEST television documentary, “Self-Driving Cars: The Road Ahead.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/74361/self-driving-cars-the-road-ahead","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_11438","quest_1240","quest_2349","quest_2774","quest_2893","quest_3021","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_81304","label":"source_quest_74361"},"quest_74308":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_74308","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"74308","score":null,"sort":[1441065627000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"career-spotlight-environmental-health-engineer","title":"Career Spotlight: Environmental Health Engineer","publishDate":1441065627,"format":"video","headTitle":"Career Spotlight | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Amy Pickering is an environmental health engineer. She works as a research associate at Stanford University in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and at Woods Institute for the Environment. Her work combines social science, microbiology and engineering to study ways people in low-income countries can access safer water and better sanitation. People living in developing countries are often exposed to higher levels of bacteria and other germs, usually because of contaminated water and poor sanitation conditions. Pickering tries to reduce the spread of disease by coming up with low-cost and low-tech solutions that can help minimize illnesses in areas with poor water quality. She also runs research studies to test and evaluate how effective various interventions are at preventing the spread of disease. Pickering spends about 20% of her time traveling and the rest at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickering did not always know she wanted to do this type of work. In high school, one of her math teachers suggested that she go into a career involving numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that I loved the outdoors and the environment so I decided to do engineering, and specifically environmental engineering. And I also wanted to do something that challenged me and I thought that engineering would provide that challenge,\" explains Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After she graduated from college with a degree in biological and environmental engineering from Cornell University, she went on to get a master's degree in environmental engineering with an emphasis on water quality from University of California, Berkeley. There, she worked on a low-cost UV water disinfection device used in Mexico to help clean contaminated water. After graduate school, Pickering wanted to work at the intersection of science and policy, so she began a job at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I liked working at the EPA a lot, but I was in a cubicle and I quickly became restless just sitting in a cubicle all day,\" says Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Pickering was growing restless with cubicle work, a tsunami struck and destroyed large parts of South Asia. She and some colleagues from graduate school decided to go to Sri Lanka to help with the tsunami relief effort. To provide residents with clean drinking water, they installed the UV water disinfection devices that they had worked on at UC Berkeley. That's when she realized she wanted to work on global water quality. She then received a Fulbright scholarship to teach English, math and photography, and completed a photo essay about how people in different parts of the world interact with water. She eventually ended up completing a Ph.D. in the Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is featured in our \u003ca href=\"http://water.woop.ie/\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering Is: Cleaning Poop from Drinking Water\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind one of Amy Pickering's projects - a device that purifies drinking water in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The e-book includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find all of our e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\">kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What job allows you travel all over the world preventing people from getting sick? Hint: It’s not a doctor. Meet Amy Pickering, an environmental health engineer.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443564770,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":521},"headData":{"title":"Career Spotlight: Environmental Health Engineer | KQED","description":"What job allows you travel all over the world preventing people from getting sick? Hint: It’s not a doctor. Meet Amy Pickering, an environmental health engineer.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"74308 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=74308","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/08/31/career-spotlight-environmental-health-engineer/","disqusTitle":"Career Spotlight: Environmental Health Engineer","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_7MsIaRwE8","source":"Engineering","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/","path":"/quest/74308/career-spotlight-environmental-health-engineer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amy Pickering is an environmental health engineer. She works as a research associate at Stanford University in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and at Woods Institute for the Environment. Her work combines social science, microbiology and engineering to study ways people in low-income countries can access safer water and better sanitation. People living in developing countries are often exposed to higher levels of bacteria and other germs, usually because of contaminated water and poor sanitation conditions. Pickering tries to reduce the spread of disease by coming up with low-cost and low-tech solutions that can help minimize illnesses in areas with poor water quality. She also runs research studies to test and evaluate how effective various interventions are at preventing the spread of disease. Pickering spends about 20% of her time traveling and the rest at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickering did not always know she wanted to do this type of work. In high school, one of her math teachers suggested that she go into a career involving numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that I loved the outdoors and the environment so I decided to do engineering, and specifically environmental engineering. And I also wanted to do something that challenged me and I thought that engineering would provide that challenge,\" explains Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After she graduated from college with a degree in biological and environmental engineering from Cornell University, she went on to get a master's degree in environmental engineering with an emphasis on water quality from University of California, Berkeley. There, she worked on a low-cost UV water disinfection device used in Mexico to help clean contaminated water. After graduate school, Pickering wanted to work at the intersection of science and policy, so she began a job at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I liked working at the EPA a lot, but I was in a cubicle and I quickly became restless just sitting in a cubicle all day,\" says Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Pickering was growing restless with cubicle work, a tsunami struck and destroyed large parts of South Asia. She and some colleagues from graduate school decided to go to Sri Lanka to help with the tsunami relief effort. To provide residents with clean drinking water, they installed the UV water disinfection devices that they had worked on at UC Berkeley. That's when she realized she wanted to work on global water quality. She then received a Fulbright scholarship to teach English, math and photography, and completed a photo essay about how people in different parts of the world interact with water. She eventually ended up completing a Ph.D. in the Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is featured in our \u003ca href=\"http://water.woop.ie/\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering Is: Cleaning Poop from Drinking Water\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind one of Amy Pickering's projects - a device that purifies drinking water in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The e-book includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find all of our e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\">kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/74308/career-spotlight-environmental-health-engineer","authors":["6544"],"series":["quest_13374"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_13130","quest_13128","quest_12946","quest_13126","quest_13197","quest_13189","quest_13188","quest_12269","quest_3351","quest_12289","quest_2774","quest_13365","quest_13190"],"collections":["quest_13362"],"featImg":"quest_74330","label":"source_quest_74308"},"quest_74258":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_74258","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"74258","score":null,"sort":[1438303358000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cleaning-poop-from-drinking-water","title":"Cleaning Poop from Drinking Water","publishDate":1438303358,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Bangladesh -- a country just east of India on the Bay of Bengal -- is known for its lush, tropical environment and extensive river system. It’s capital, Dhaka, is the tenth largest city in the world and travel by boat and Rickshaw is a common way to get around town. While the waterways are an inviting lure to this populated city, water is also the source of many diseases, particularly in Dhaka’s crowded slums. Here, sewage can seep into low-pressure, old, leaky pipes that transport the town’s drinking water, exposing residents to harmful bacteria and viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drinking contaminated water can lead to diarrheal disease and sometimes even death. In fact, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/\"> World Health Organization\u003c/a>, diarrhea is the second leading killer of children under five years of age worldwide, and it is often caused by contaminated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Stephen Luby, a professor of medicine at Stanford University and senior fellow at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, wanted to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Luby was working at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Bangladesh, and he was all too familiar with the number of people who were getting sick and dying from preventable waterborne diseases. In the developed world, big expensive water treatment plants clean drinking water. However, poorer countries, like Bangladesh, don’t have the resources to implement these treatment plants. Instead, residents have to clean their drinking water themselves using expensive or fragile filters, chlorine tablets or boiling the water. These types of strategies often prove difficult and cumbersome for residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that model asks, is to say ‘Let’s have the poorest people in the world each set up a water treatment plant in their home.’ That’s actually a big undertaking. And these are the folks who are already trying to figure out ‘How am I going to get enough money to pay rent and to feed my family?’” explains Luby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74261\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 214px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/07/142277422.IiJWNDQF.e_amy_hp.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-74261\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/07/142277422.IiJWNDQF.e_amy_hp-214x360.jpg\" alt=\"Amy Pickering with a handpump\" width=\"214\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Pickering, a research associate at the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University, posing with a hand pump. Courtesy of Amy Pickering/ Stanford University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luby enlisted the help of Amy Pickering, a research associate at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment and in the department of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University. Along with Jenna Davis, a professor in the department of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, they were hoping to come up with a solution to clean contaminated water that was much cheaper than traditional centralized water treatment plants, but that didn’t require users to do any extra work. They call their effort the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lotuswater.org/\"> Lotus Water Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickering went to Dhaka to investigate possible solutions. She observed that women in the slums in Dhaka were using communal hand pumps to collect water in containers and store for later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we realized is that we needed a technology that could be compatible with these manual hand pumps that people are using to extract water from the systems,\" said Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They thought that if there was a device that attached to the hand pump that would clean the water as it was pumped out, then residents would have easy access to clean water. Learning that nothing like this already existed, the team realized they were going to have to develop something themselves. So Pickering packed a 70-pound hand pump in her suitcase and brought it back to Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the guidance of Luby and Davis, Pickering and a team of students at Stanford began developing a solution. They needed to create a device that would be cheap, easy to maintain and robust to hot temperatures and monsoons. It also couldn't rely on electricity since electricity can be hard to come by in Dhaka’s slums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They decided to use liquid chlorine as the way to clean the water because it’s cheap and readily available in household bleach throughout Dhaka and in many places throughout the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how were they going to inject the chlorine into the water without using electricity? They turned to a physics principle called the Venturi effect to accomplish this. The Venturi effect explains that when water is forced through a constricted pipe, like a funnel, the pressure of the water decreases. Pickering and her team created a system that uses the drop in water pressure caused by the Venturi effect to create a suction, which in turn sucks in chlorine stored in an attached tank. At the heart of the system is a funnel-like device that attaches to the outflow of the hand pump. They call the device \"the Venturi\" and they actually design and 3D print it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74260\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/07/Labelled_device.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-74260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/07/Labelled_device-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Venturi device\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A funnel-like device attaches directly to the hand pump and is connected to a tank that holds chlorine. When the water starts flowing through the funnel, the drop in water pressure causes the chlorine from the attached tank to be sucked into the water stream, thereby cleaning the water.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They prototyped many different designs both in the lab and in the field in Dhaka. They tested for durability, leaks, ease of use and functionality which included testing water samples for chlorine and bacteria levels. They also interviewed and spoke with residents to understand what they liked and didn’t like about their system. They would then incorporate what they learned from user feedback and field testing by modifying their designs, often 3-D printing new devices throughout the night in their rented apartments in Bangladesh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They now have proof of concept that their device can work in Dhaka, and they are currently looking at possible business models and talking with companies to try to begin implementing in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re in conversations with for-profit companies that might be interested in taking this technology and commercializing it, and we’re really excited about that. Because what we want to see is this technology being scaled up and distributed throughout the world,” says Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They estimate the device capital to cost $20 or less when produced at scale. The eventual goal is that their system will not only be used in Dhaka, but in other places in the developing world where contaminated water is often found at shared water points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of our \u003ca href=\"http://water.woop.ie/\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering Is: Cleaning Poop from Drinking Water\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind the Lotus Water project's device designed to purify drinking water in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The e-book includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find all of our e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\"> kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An interdisciplinary team of scientists and engineers at Stanford University have developed a cheap way to clean contaminated drinking water in the slums of Bangladesh.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442613235,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1133},"headData":{"title":"Cleaning Poop from Drinking Water | KQED","description":"An interdisciplinary team of scientists and engineers at Stanford University have developed a cheap way to clean contaminated drinking water in the slums of Bangladesh.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"74258 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=74258","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/07/30/cleaning-poop-from-drinking-water/","disqusTitle":"Cleaning Poop from Drinking Water","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Inc-I8CWT94","source":"Engineering","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/","path":"/quest/74258/cleaning-poop-from-drinking-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bangladesh -- a country just east of India on the Bay of Bengal -- is known for its lush, tropical environment and extensive river system. It’s capital, Dhaka, is the tenth largest city in the world and travel by boat and Rickshaw is a common way to get around town. While the waterways are an inviting lure to this populated city, water is also the source of many diseases, particularly in Dhaka’s crowded slums. Here, sewage can seep into low-pressure, old, leaky pipes that transport the town’s drinking water, exposing residents to harmful bacteria and viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drinking contaminated water can lead to diarrheal disease and sometimes even death. In fact, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/\"> World Health Organization\u003c/a>, diarrhea is the second leading killer of children under five years of age worldwide, and it is often caused by contaminated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Stephen Luby, a professor of medicine at Stanford University and senior fellow at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, wanted to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Luby was working at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Bangladesh, and he was all too familiar with the number of people who were getting sick and dying from preventable waterborne diseases. In the developed world, big expensive water treatment plants clean drinking water. However, poorer countries, like Bangladesh, don’t have the resources to implement these treatment plants. Instead, residents have to clean their drinking water themselves using expensive or fragile filters, chlorine tablets or boiling the water. These types of strategies often prove difficult and cumbersome for residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that model asks, is to say ‘Let’s have the poorest people in the world each set up a water treatment plant in their home.’ That’s actually a big undertaking. And these are the folks who are already trying to figure out ‘How am I going to get enough money to pay rent and to feed my family?’” explains Luby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74261\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 214px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/07/142277422.IiJWNDQF.e_amy_hp.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-74261\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/07/142277422.IiJWNDQF.e_amy_hp-214x360.jpg\" alt=\"Amy Pickering with a handpump\" width=\"214\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Pickering, a research associate at the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University, posing with a hand pump. Courtesy of Amy Pickering/ Stanford University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luby enlisted the help of Amy Pickering, a research associate at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment and in the department of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University. Along with Jenna Davis, a professor in the department of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, they were hoping to come up with a solution to clean contaminated water that was much cheaper than traditional centralized water treatment plants, but that didn’t require users to do any extra work. They call their effort the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lotuswater.org/\"> Lotus Water Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickering went to Dhaka to investigate possible solutions. She observed that women in the slums in Dhaka were using communal hand pumps to collect water in containers and store for later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we realized is that we needed a technology that could be compatible with these manual hand pumps that people are using to extract water from the systems,\" said Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They thought that if there was a device that attached to the hand pump that would clean the water as it was pumped out, then residents would have easy access to clean water. Learning that nothing like this already existed, the team realized they were going to have to develop something themselves. So Pickering packed a 70-pound hand pump in her suitcase and brought it back to Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the guidance of Luby and Davis, Pickering and a team of students at Stanford began developing a solution. They needed to create a device that would be cheap, easy to maintain and robust to hot temperatures and monsoons. It also couldn't rely on electricity since electricity can be hard to come by in Dhaka’s slums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They decided to use liquid chlorine as the way to clean the water because it’s cheap and readily available in household bleach throughout Dhaka and in many places throughout the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how were they going to inject the chlorine into the water without using electricity? They turned to a physics principle called the Venturi effect to accomplish this. The Venturi effect explains that when water is forced through a constricted pipe, like a funnel, the pressure of the water decreases. Pickering and her team created a system that uses the drop in water pressure caused by the Venturi effect to create a suction, which in turn sucks in chlorine stored in an attached tank. At the heart of the system is a funnel-like device that attaches to the outflow of the hand pump. They call the device \"the Venturi\" and they actually design and 3D print it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74260\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/07/Labelled_device.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-74260\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/07/Labelled_device-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Venturi device\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A funnel-like device attaches directly to the hand pump and is connected to a tank that holds chlorine. When the water starts flowing through the funnel, the drop in water pressure causes the chlorine from the attached tank to be sucked into the water stream, thereby cleaning the water.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They prototyped many different designs both in the lab and in the field in Dhaka. They tested for durability, leaks, ease of use and functionality which included testing water samples for chlorine and bacteria levels. They also interviewed and spoke with residents to understand what they liked and didn’t like about their system. They would then incorporate what they learned from user feedback and field testing by modifying their designs, often 3-D printing new devices throughout the night in their rented apartments in Bangladesh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They now have proof of concept that their device can work in Dhaka, and they are currently looking at possible business models and talking with companies to try to begin implementing in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re in conversations with for-profit companies that might be interested in taking this technology and commercializing it, and we’re really excited about that. Because what we want to see is this technology being scaled up and distributed throughout the world,” says Pickering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They estimate the device capital to cost $20 or less when produced at scale. The eventual goal is that their system will not only be used in Dhaka, but in other places in the developing world where contaminated water is often found at shared water points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of our \u003ca href=\"http://water.woop.ie/\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering Is: Cleaning Poop from Drinking Water\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind the Lotus Water project's device designed to purify drinking water in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The e-book includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find all of our e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\"> kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/74258/cleaning-poop-from-drinking-water","authors":["6544"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_13180","quest_12185","quest_12946","quest_13152","quest_12269","quest_3596","quest_13201","quest_3351","quest_13179","quest_2349","quest_2774","quest_3071","quest_3108"],"collections":["quest_13362"],"featImg":"quest_74277","label":"source_quest_74258"},"quest_74045":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_74045","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"74045","score":null,"sort":[1430437639000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"diagnosing-diseases-with-origami-microscopes-engineering-is","title":"Diagnosing Diseases With Origami Microscopes","publishDate":1430437639,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Trouble viewing the video? Stream or download it on \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/727416dd-b83b-4cfb-abbc-27ec2651629b/diagnosing-diseases-with-origami-microscopes/\"> PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Article by Lauren Farrar\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What if you could drop microscopes literally around the world from an airplane?” Manu Prakash, a professor of bioengineering at Stanford University would often joke with his team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This musing actually heavily influenced the design of their new microscope, a paper origami microscope. They call it a Foldscope. The microscope is printed on waterproof paper. The user punches out the pieces and folds them together to create a fully functional microscope. It works with standard microscope slides and requires no batteries or electricity to operate. You simply hold the Foldscope up to a light source (like the sun) and look through the salt grain-sized lens to view the sample on the slide. The high curvature of the tiny lenses used in the Foldscope allows small objects to be highly magnified. This little invention costs less than a dollar to produce and could have major implications for global health and for science education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74155\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/04/Foldscope_CU_small_white.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/04/Foldscope_CU_small_white-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"the Foldscope\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-74155\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close up of the Foldscope.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prakash grew up in small towns in India where access to healthcare and diagnostic tools, like microscopes, weren’t always easy to come by. He has traveled extensively throughout developing countries and has seen firsthand how diseases like malaria, African sleeping sickness and schistosomiasis can go untreated or are mistreated because patients are not properly diagnosed. Diagnosis of diseases like these usually require a microscope to identify the presence of a particular parasite so that the proper treatment can be administered. But remote or resource poor areas don’t always have access to these heavy, expensive microscopes used in other parts of the world. Standard microscopes are also difficult to transport when doctors travel from village to village to diagnose and treat patients. And even when remote places do have microscopes, there is little support to maintain them or parts available to fix them if they break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humidity and tropics are terrible for optics… Most of the time when we’re in the field there is fungus growing on the lenses… There were times when we were imaging there, we saw an insect colony come out of the microscope,” Prakash describes some of the challenges of doing field microscopy in remote tropical areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prakash was determined to build a cheap, robust, easy-to-use and easy-to-fix microscope that required no power and worked with traditional microscope slides. After prototyping with simple supplies like paper, tape and scissors, he and his team came up with a design that worked. The base level requires no external power source and relies on the sun as the primary light source. The team has since developed multiple versions that allow users to do different kinds of microscopy. For example, there are versions with external light modules, versions of various magnifications, versions that allow for fluorescence microscopy, versions that allow for bright field microscopy, versions that allow for dark field microscopy, and versions that allow the user to project the image on a wall. You can even attach a smartphone to the microscope in order to record images.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Foldscopes are currently undergoing validation studies and clinical trials to be approved as diagnostic tools for diseases including malaria, African sleeping sickness and schistosomiasis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to their potential value for global health, Foldscopes have a strong educational appeal. Prakash wanted to get these microscopes in the hands of children everywhere, so he started the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foldscope.com/\"> Ten Thousand Microscope project\u003c/a>. He wanted to create a network of learners asking questions, so he put a call out for people to submit an idea for an experiment that they would like to do with the Foldscope and then report back on their findings. This idea was so well received that he has shipped approximately 50,000 microscopes to people all around the world. Some of them are already reporting their findings on his \u003ca href=\"http://microcosmos.foldscope.com/\"> website\u003c/a>. He hopes that this project will inspire curiosity and scientific thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientific tools need to become common day-to-day objects if we want people to think scientifically,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Foldscopes used for diagnostic testing come pre-folded to ensure high quality control, the ones sent out for educational purposes through the Ten Thousand Microscope Project are folded and built by the users. He hopes that school children, hackers, and tinkerers all over the world will build on and add to the microscopes. While Prakash isn’t quite dropping these Foldscopes from airplanes, he’s certainly getting them into the hands of children all around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of our \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://foldscope.woop.ie/\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering Is: Diagnosing Diseases with Origami Microscopes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind Manu Prakash’s Foldscopes project, and includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find our other e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\"> kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Manu Prakash has designed the Foldscope, an origami paper microscope that costs less than a dollar.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450483326,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":823},"headData":{"title":"Diagnosing Diseases With Origami Microscopes | KQED","description":"Manu Prakash has designed the Foldscope, an origami paper microscope that costs less than a dollar.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"74045 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=74045","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/04/30/diagnosing-diseases-with-origami-microscopes-engineering-is/","disqusTitle":"Diagnosing Diseases With Origami Microscopes","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k56MVoz9QIc","source":"Engineering","path":"/quest/74045/diagnosing-diseases-with-origami-microscopes-engineering-is","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Trouble viewing the video? Stream or download it on \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/727416dd-b83b-4cfb-abbc-27ec2651629b/diagnosing-diseases-with-origami-microscopes/\"> PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Article by Lauren Farrar\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What if you could drop microscopes literally around the world from an airplane?” Manu Prakash, a professor of bioengineering at Stanford University would often joke with his team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This musing actually heavily influenced the design of their new microscope, a paper origami microscope. They call it a Foldscope. The microscope is printed on waterproof paper. The user punches out the pieces and folds them together to create a fully functional microscope. It works with standard microscope slides and requires no batteries or electricity to operate. You simply hold the Foldscope up to a light source (like the sun) and look through the salt grain-sized lens to view the sample on the slide. The high curvature of the tiny lenses used in the Foldscope allows small objects to be highly magnified. This little invention costs less than a dollar to produce and could have major implications for global health and for science education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74155\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/04/Foldscope_CU_small_white.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/04/Foldscope_CU_small_white-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"the Foldscope\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-74155\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close up of the Foldscope.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prakash grew up in small towns in India where access to healthcare and diagnostic tools, like microscopes, weren’t always easy to come by. He has traveled extensively throughout developing countries and has seen firsthand how diseases like malaria, African sleeping sickness and schistosomiasis can go untreated or are mistreated because patients are not properly diagnosed. Diagnosis of diseases like these usually require a microscope to identify the presence of a particular parasite so that the proper treatment can be administered. But remote or resource poor areas don’t always have access to these heavy, expensive microscopes used in other parts of the world. Standard microscopes are also difficult to transport when doctors travel from village to village to diagnose and treat patients. And even when remote places do have microscopes, there is little support to maintain them or parts available to fix them if they break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humidity and tropics are terrible for optics… Most of the time when we’re in the field there is fungus growing on the lenses… There were times when we were imaging there, we saw an insect colony come out of the microscope,” Prakash describes some of the challenges of doing field microscopy in remote tropical areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prakash was determined to build a cheap, robust, easy-to-use and easy-to-fix microscope that required no power and worked with traditional microscope slides. After prototyping with simple supplies like paper, tape and scissors, he and his team came up with a design that worked. The base level requires no external power source and relies on the sun as the primary light source. The team has since developed multiple versions that allow users to do different kinds of microscopy. For example, there are versions with external light modules, versions of various magnifications, versions that allow for fluorescence microscopy, versions that allow for bright field microscopy, versions that allow for dark field microscopy, and versions that allow the user to project the image on a wall. You can even attach a smartphone to the microscope in order to record images.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Foldscopes are currently undergoing validation studies and clinical trials to be approved as diagnostic tools for diseases including malaria, African sleeping sickness and schistosomiasis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to their potential value for global health, Foldscopes have a strong educational appeal. Prakash wanted to get these microscopes in the hands of children everywhere, so he started the \u003ca href=\"http://www.foldscope.com/\"> Ten Thousand Microscope project\u003c/a>. He wanted to create a network of learners asking questions, so he put a call out for people to submit an idea for an experiment that they would like to do with the Foldscope and then report back on their findings. This idea was so well received that he has shipped approximately 50,000 microscopes to people all around the world. Some of them are already reporting their findings on his \u003ca href=\"http://microcosmos.foldscope.com/\"> website\u003c/a>. He hopes that this project will inspire curiosity and scientific thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientific tools need to become common day-to-day objects if we want people to think scientifically,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Foldscopes used for diagnostic testing come pre-folded to ensure high quality control, the ones sent out for educational purposes through the Ten Thousand Microscope Project are folded and built by the users. He hopes that school children, hackers, and tinkerers all over the world will build on and add to the microscopes. While Prakash isn’t quite dropping these Foldscopes from airplanes, he’s certainly getting them into the hands of children all around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of our \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://foldscope.woop.ie/\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering Is: Diagnosing Diseases with Origami Microscopes\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind Manu Prakash’s Foldscopes project, and includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find our other e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\"> kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/74045/diagnosing-diseases-with-origami-microscopes-engineering-is","authors":["10423"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_13165","quest_838","quest_12946","quest_13126","quest_13197","quest_13162","quest_12269","quest_3351","quest_13161","quest_1815","quest_1816","quest_13164","quest_13163","quest_2349","quest_2774","quest_3071"],"collections":["quest_13175"],"featImg":"quest_74047","label":"source_quest_74045"},"quest_60624":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60624","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60624","score":null,"sort":[1381438815000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-solar-car-races-across-australian-desert","title":"Stanford Solar Car Races Across Australian Desert","publishDate":1381438815,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford solar car race image\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>Just as co-eds are getting wrapped up in college football, a group of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> students are dusting the sand off their shirts after a week in the Australian outback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team designed, built, and raced a solar-powered car 1,864 miles from the edge of northern Australia to the southern port of Adelaide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-eight teams made up of high school and college students from 24 countries competed in the cross-continental race, which promotes advanced solar-power technology that could fuel cars of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Solar-Race-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-62235\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Solar-Race-Map-270x253.jpg\" alt=\"Solar Race Map\" width=\"270\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>Stanford took fourth in the biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldsolarchallenge.org/\">Bridgestone World Solar Challenge\u003c/a> behind the Netherland’s \u003ca href=\"http://home.tudelft.nl/en/\">Delft University of Technology\u003c/a>, which placed first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although there is no cash prize, the first team to cross the finish line wins more than bragging rights. Many of these students go on to accept coveted engineering job offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford students that participated in the past were offered jobs and internships with prestigious companies like Tesla Motors, Apple and Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford team spent two years designing and building \u003ca href=\"http://solarcar.stanford.edu/\">Luminos\u003c/a>, a carbon fiber car that can travel up to 70 mph and is powered almost entirely by the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the race the car averaged between 40 and 55 mph due to overcast skies and rain that often blocked the sunlight.\u003cbr>\nIn addition to the overall design, the students built an original motor for the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cem>Each day, the cars travel as far as they can until 5 pm to avoid fender-benders with kangaroos that cross the road at night\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Most teams just buy kits as an off the shelf solution to motor design but our team actually developed our own,” said recent Stanford graduate and team director, Wesley Ford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn a lot from designing and building almost everything on our car and we place a very high value on that,” said Jason Trinidad, an undeclared sophomore who took turns driving the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may cost us in placing in the race, [but] it does produce exceptional engineers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team has 50 members who pitched in throughout the process, while 16 traveled to Australia. Stanford first participated in the challenge in 1989 and Luminos will be the team’s eleventh entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professors say that students had guidance but no actual participation from faculty or professionals. The race is a chance for students to get their hands dirty and advance alternative energy technology at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good that challenge is in the title. It pushes the envelope and now things that weren’t possible before are possible today,” said Stanford lecturer and team advisor Sven Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62247\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62247\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford students stand behind their design Luminos which can reach speeds of 70 mph. Photo: Mark Shwartz\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford students stand behind their car (Luminos) which can reach speeds of 70 mph. Photo: Mark Shwartz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each day, the cars travel as far as they can until 5 pm to avoid fender-benders with kangaroos that cross the road at night. The blazing sun, although necessary to power the car, provides other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Outback is hot, lotta flies, not very comfortable place to be when you’re driving,” Ford said. Students on the solar team put in four-hour shifts driving in 90 degree weather, jammed in their single passenger car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will probably come to a sense of, ‘Oh, you know what, a car that actually has air conditioning or a nice stereo or something like that, that makes a lot of sense,'” said Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year the race encouraged more practical or useful designs that included four wheels and a roomier inside; previous vehicles had two wheels and barely enough room for the driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Super efficiency is one thing, but to get consumers to subscribe to a high efficiency vehicle, that’s a whole different story,” said Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hc1eup37S-A]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stanford University students design and race a single passenger solar car 1,800 miles across the Australian continent in an international competition that pushes the boundaries of solar-powered technology.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1381952777,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":647},"headData":{"title":"Stanford Solar Car Races Across Australian Desert | KQED","description":"Stanford University students design and race a single passenger solar car 1,800 miles across the Australian continent in an international competition that pushes the boundaries of solar-powered technology.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"60624 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60624","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/10/stanford-solar-car-races-across-australian-desert/","disqusTitle":"Stanford Solar Car Races Across Australian Desert","path":"/quest/60624/stanford-solar-car-races-across-australian-desert","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford solar car race image\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-race-image-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>Just as co-eds are getting wrapped up in college football, a group of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> students are dusting the sand off their shirts after a week in the Australian outback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team designed, built, and raced a solar-powered car 1,864 miles from the edge of northern Australia to the southern port of Adelaide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-eight teams made up of high school and college students from 24 countries competed in the cross-continental race, which promotes advanced solar-power technology that could fuel cars of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Solar-Race-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-62235\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Solar-Race-Map-270x253.jpg\" alt=\"Solar Race Map\" width=\"270\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>Stanford took fourth in the biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldsolarchallenge.org/\">Bridgestone World Solar Challenge\u003c/a> behind the Netherland’s \u003ca href=\"http://home.tudelft.nl/en/\">Delft University of Technology\u003c/a>, which placed first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although there is no cash prize, the first team to cross the finish line wins more than bragging rights. Many of these students go on to accept coveted engineering job offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford students that participated in the past were offered jobs and internships with prestigious companies like Tesla Motors, Apple and Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford team spent two years designing and building \u003ca href=\"http://solarcar.stanford.edu/\">Luminos\u003c/a>, a carbon fiber car that can travel up to 70 mph and is powered almost entirely by the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the race the car averaged between 40 and 55 mph due to overcast skies and rain that often blocked the sunlight.\u003cbr>\nIn addition to the overall design, the students built an original motor for the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cem>Each day, the cars travel as far as they can until 5 pm to avoid fender-benders with kangaroos that cross the road at night\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Most teams just buy kits as an off the shelf solution to motor design but our team actually developed our own,” said recent Stanford graduate and team director, Wesley Ford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn a lot from designing and building almost everything on our car and we place a very high value on that,” said Jason Trinidad, an undeclared sophomore who took turns driving the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may cost us in placing in the race, [but] it does produce exceptional engineers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team has 50 members who pitched in throughout the process, while 16 traveled to Australia. Stanford first participated in the challenge in 1989 and Luminos will be the team’s eleventh entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professors say that students had guidance but no actual participation from faculty or professionals. The race is a chance for students to get their hands dirty and advance alternative energy technology at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good that challenge is in the title. It pushes the envelope and now things that weren’t possible before are possible today,” said Stanford lecturer and team advisor Sven Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62247\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-62247\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Stanford-solar-car-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford students stand behind their design Luminos which can reach speeds of 70 mph. Photo: Mark Shwartz\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford students stand behind their car (Luminos) which can reach speeds of 70 mph. Photo: Mark Shwartz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each day, the cars travel as far as they can until 5 pm to avoid fender-benders with kangaroos that cross the road at night. The blazing sun, although necessary to power the car, provides other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Outback is hot, lotta flies, not very comfortable place to be when you’re driving,” Ford said. Students on the solar team put in four-hour shifts driving in 90 degree weather, jammed in their single passenger car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will probably come to a sense of, ‘Oh, you know what, a car that actually has air conditioning or a nice stereo or something like that, that makes a lot of sense,'” said Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year the race encouraged more practical or useful designs that included four wheels and a roomier inside; previous vehicles had two wheels and barely enough room for the driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Super efficiency is one thing, but to get consumers to subscribe to a high efficiency vehicle, that’s a whole different story,” said Beiker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Hc1eup37S-A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Hc1eup37S-A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60624/stanford-solar-car-races-across-australian-desert","authors":["10487"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_8"],"tags":["quest_13197","quest_12269","quest_13202","quest_2409","quest_2709","quest_12324","quest_2774","quest_12323"],"featImg":"quest_62229","label":"quest"},"quest_50127":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50127","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50127","score":null,"sort":[1380736986000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanford-university-competes-in-its-first-solar-decathlon","title":"Stanford Students Debut Solar-Powered Prefab Home","publishDate":1380736986,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST Sustainability Science- Web series | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11768,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>The future of home design is in a box. At least, that’s where 100 \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> students are placing their bets. They’ve constructed a mechanical room that powers a house like the engine of a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students have spent thousands of hours over the past two years designing and creating a prefabricated home on campus that they hope will win top honors at the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">Department of Energy\u003c/a>’s biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/contests.html\">Solar Decathlon Competition\u003c/a> that kicks off in Irvine, CA on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've waited so long for this moment,\" said graduate student \u003ca href=\"http://tedx.stanford.edu/2013/speakers/derek-ouyang/\">Derek Ouyang\u003c/a>, project manager of the Stanford team. \"I'm excited and exhausted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61556\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-team-in-Irvine.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61556 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-team-in-Irvine-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"The Stanford Solar Decathlon team celebrates after reassembling its house in Irvine just two days before the competition. Photo courtesy Stanford Solar Decathlon\" width=\"324\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Stanford Solar Decathlon team celebrates after reassembling its house in Orange County Great Park in Irvine, CA before the contest starts on Oct 3. Photo courtesy Stanford Solar Decathlon\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every two years, hundreds of teams from around the world submit proposals. Only 20 teams, however, are invited to compete in the home-building event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there is no official prize, placing first in any one of ten categories all but guarantees a job offer from a prestigious architecture firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOE provided $100,000 in seed funding for each team and Stanford fund-raised an additional $1 million for construction, labor and material. Ouyang values the house at about $250,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three other California teams, including Santa Clara University, the University of Southern California and \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/team_sci_arc_caltech.html\">Southern California Institute of Architecture and California Institute of Technology\u003c/a>, are also competing in event, which runs through October 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Stanford’s first entry in the competition. Participating students have backgrounds in everything from computer science to product design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 students participated in building Stanford's “\u003ca href=\"http://solardecathlon.stanford.edu/\">Start.Home\u003c/a>”, though roughly 20 have worked continuously on the project. None of the students had ever built a house before and many had never even hammered a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61559\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 382px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-Univ-solar-decathlon-interior.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61559 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-Univ-solar-decathlon-interior-546x360.jpg\" alt=\"Alice Eamsherangkoon, left, and Nelly Garcia-Lopez paint the interior of their team's solar home just days before the competition starts. Credit: Eric Grigorian, U.S. Department of Energy\" width=\"382\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alice Eamsherangkoon, left, and Nelly Garcia-Lopez paint the interior of their team's solar home just days before the competition starts. Credit: Eric Grigorian, U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To fulfill the DOE requirements of a creating 1,000 square foot solar-powered home that is attractive, affordable and energy-efficient, Stanford decided to rethink how prefabricated homes are designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though most prefab homes come in a limited number of sizes and styles, Stanford’s team decided to create a house that could expand to meet a family's needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By building a unit that contains a majority of the house’s mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems in a “core,” the homeowner could build rooms around this central fixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 180 square foot core attaches to a kitchen counter and appliances, a bathroom and a laundry room, so all that’s needed, the students say, are additional living spaces—as many as the homeowner desires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With this design everything arrives on site ready to go,\" said graduate student and construction team leader Rob Best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You build rooms around the core and just as a family grows, the house can grow with you because you can always add on more rooms that connect to the core.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61471\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-University-solar-decathlon-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-61471 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-University-solar-decathlon-2-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford's main innovative is a "core" that powers the house like the engine of a car.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford's main innovative is a \"core\" that powers the house like the engine of a car.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The core has a pump that filters used water from the kitchen sink and shower (known as graywater), and sends it to a vegetable garden in the backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121220143405.htm\">special layer of paint\u003c/a> covering the core removes nitrogen oxides --major components of smog--from the air. Ouyang said it’s the equivalent of removing two cars from the road every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels cover the roof of the house so that the home is a net-zero energy building, which means it generates all its power from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make the house even greener, the students salvaged wood from old homes in the Bay Area for the walls and floor, and put a living wall made out of plants in the bathroom to purify the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to encourage sustainable behavior, the students installed an iPad on the wall of the core that tells users about their water and energy consumption. It allows the homeowner to set goals and compare his or her energy use with neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people actually want to behave in a more sustainable way, the issue is just convenience,” said alum and design team leader Jason Bade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making the invisible visible was a key part of the team’s strategy; the outlets on the walls glow red if they aren’t turned “off” and the team created a central switch that prevents energy from going to the sockets when appliances are not in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people don’t realize that plugged-in appliances like toasters and blenders are still using energy even when they are just sitting on the counter,” Bade said. “We’re trying to make saving energy almost a no-brainer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students built the home on campus, then took it apart and moved it to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocgp.org/\">Orange County Great Park\u003c/a> for the competition, which was no easy feat. The handicap ramp leading to the entrance was too steep in some sections and the students had to rebuild it on-site in Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the contest coincides with the first week of classes. Ouyang said very few students traveled to Irvine, making re-assembly quite difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Having enough manpower has been really tough,\" Ouyang said. \"We've been working from 7 a.m. to midnight for eight days straight, barely finishing the house in time for Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the competition, the Start.Home will be re-assembled on Stanford's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and provide a new home for the resident ranger and his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of why we love doing this is it’s not just a homework assignment or a grade at the end,” said Ouyang. “It’s a real project with real problems and a real end result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: 10/13/13\u003c/strong> – Stanford placed fifth overall. \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Stanford University students set out to revolutionize home design by entering a solar powered prefab house into the Department of Energy's biennial Solar Decathlon competition.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457563467,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1038},"headData":{"title":"Stanford Students Debut Solar-Powered Prefab Home | KQED","description":"Stanford University students set out to revolutionize home design by entering a solar powered prefab house into the Department of Energy's biennial Solar Decathlon competition.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"50127 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50127","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/02/stanford-university-competes-in-its-first-solar-decathlon/","disqusTitle":"Stanford Students Debut Solar-Powered Prefab Home","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4CxfNwz0u4","path":"/quest/50127/stanford-university-competes-in-its-first-solar-decathlon","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The future of home design is in a box. At least, that’s where 100 \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a> students are placing their bets. They’ve constructed a mechanical room that powers a house like the engine of a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students have spent thousands of hours over the past two years designing and creating a prefabricated home on campus that they hope will win top honors at the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">Department of Energy\u003c/a>’s biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/contests.html\">Solar Decathlon Competition\u003c/a> that kicks off in Irvine, CA on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've waited so long for this moment,\" said graduate student \u003ca href=\"http://tedx.stanford.edu/2013/speakers/derek-ouyang/\">Derek Ouyang\u003c/a>, project manager of the Stanford team. \"I'm excited and exhausted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61556\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-team-in-Irvine.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61556 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-team-in-Irvine-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"The Stanford Solar Decathlon team celebrates after reassembling its house in Irvine just two days before the competition. Photo courtesy Stanford Solar Decathlon\" width=\"324\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Stanford Solar Decathlon team celebrates after reassembling its house in Orange County Great Park in Irvine, CA before the contest starts on Oct 3. Photo courtesy Stanford Solar Decathlon\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Every two years, hundreds of teams from around the world submit proposals. Only 20 teams, however, are invited to compete in the home-building event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there is no official prize, placing first in any one of ten categories all but guarantees a job offer from a prestigious architecture firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOE provided $100,000 in seed funding for each team and Stanford fund-raised an additional $1 million for construction, labor and material. Ouyang values the house at about $250,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three other California teams, including Santa Clara University, the University of Southern California and \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/team_sci_arc_caltech.html\">Southern California Institute of Architecture and California Institute of Technology\u003c/a>, are also competing in event, which runs through October 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Stanford’s first entry in the competition. Participating students have backgrounds in everything from computer science to product design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 students participated in building Stanford's “\u003ca href=\"http://solardecathlon.stanford.edu/\">Start.Home\u003c/a>”, though roughly 20 have worked continuously on the project. None of the students had ever built a house before and many had never even hammered a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61559\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 382px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-Univ-solar-decathlon-interior.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-61559 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-Univ-solar-decathlon-interior-546x360.jpg\" alt=\"Alice Eamsherangkoon, left, and Nelly Garcia-Lopez paint the interior of their team's solar home just days before the competition starts. Credit: Eric Grigorian, U.S. Department of Energy\" width=\"382\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alice Eamsherangkoon, left, and Nelly Garcia-Lopez paint the interior of their team's solar home just days before the competition starts. Credit: Eric Grigorian, U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To fulfill the DOE requirements of a creating 1,000 square foot solar-powered home that is attractive, affordable and energy-efficient, Stanford decided to rethink how prefabricated homes are designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though most prefab homes come in a limited number of sizes and styles, Stanford’s team decided to create a house that could expand to meet a family's needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By building a unit that contains a majority of the house’s mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems in a “core,” the homeowner could build rooms around this central fixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 180 square foot core attaches to a kitchen counter and appliances, a bathroom and a laundry room, so all that’s needed, the students say, are additional living spaces—as many as the homeowner desires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With this design everything arrives on site ready to go,\" said graduate student and construction team leader Rob Best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You build rooms around the core and just as a family grows, the house can grow with you because you can always add on more rooms that connect to the core.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61471\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-University-solar-decathlon-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-61471 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Stanford-University-solar-decathlon-2-240x360.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford's main innovative is a "core" that powers the house like the engine of a car.\" width=\"240\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford's main innovative is a \"core\" that powers the house like the engine of a car.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The core has a pump that filters used water from the kitchen sink and shower (known as graywater), and sends it to a vegetable garden in the backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121220143405.htm\">special layer of paint\u003c/a> covering the core removes nitrogen oxides --major components of smog--from the air. Ouyang said it’s the equivalent of removing two cars from the road every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels cover the roof of the house so that the home is a net-zero energy building, which means it generates all its power from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make the house even greener, the students salvaged wood from old homes in the Bay Area for the walls and floor, and put a living wall made out of plants in the bathroom to purify the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to encourage sustainable behavior, the students installed an iPad on the wall of the core that tells users about their water and energy consumption. It allows the homeowner to set goals and compare his or her energy use with neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people actually want to behave in a more sustainable way, the issue is just convenience,” said alum and design team leader Jason Bade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making the invisible visible was a key part of the team’s strategy; the outlets on the walls glow red if they aren’t turned “off” and the team created a central switch that prevents energy from going to the sockets when appliances are not in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people don’t realize that plugged-in appliances like toasters and blenders are still using energy even when they are just sitting on the counter,” Bade said. “We’re trying to make saving energy almost a no-brainer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students built the home on campus, then took it apart and moved it to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocgp.org/\">Orange County Great Park\u003c/a> for the competition, which was no easy feat. The handicap ramp leading to the entrance was too steep in some sections and the students had to rebuild it on-site in Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the contest coincides with the first week of classes. Ouyang said very few students traveled to Irvine, making re-assembly quite difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Having enough manpower has been really tough,\" Ouyang said. \"We've been working from 7 a.m. to midnight for eight days straight, barely finishing the house in time for Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the competition, the Start.Home will be re-assembled on Stanford's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and provide a new home for the resident ranger and his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of why we love doing this is it’s not just a homework assignment or a grade at the end,” said Ouyang. “It’s a real project with real problems and a real end result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: 10/13/13\u003c/strong> – Stanford placed fifth overall. \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50127/stanford-university-competes-in-its-first-solar-decathlon","authors":["5432"],"series":["quest_12345","quest_11768"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_12269","quest_1263","quest_1585","quest_2141","quest_12280","quest_12279","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2698","quest_2709","quest_2774","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_61460","label":"quest_11768"},"quest_29138":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_29138","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"29138","score":null,"sort":[1356710457000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"think-tiny-the-science-of-new-years-resolutions","title":"Think Tiny: The Science of New Year's Resolutions","publishDate":1356710457,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally aired on January 6, 2012.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that time of year when we let go of the old and bring in the new. And that often means setting New Year's resolutions. Some are able to keep to their new goals but most of us eventually just give up. Changing behavior is no easy task, but one Stanford professor has developed a new technique. He says not to worry about New Year’s goals. Instead, we should focus on “\u003ca href=\"http://www.tinyhabits.com/\">tiny habits\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s a tiny habit? Fogg demonstrates by picking up his ukulele and playing for 30 seconds. \"I used to play ukulele a lot. But I stopped practicing for a while so to get back into it I thought I’m going to create a tiny habit of just practicing this cord sequence,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “I set it right by the piano so right after I finish breakfast I go pick the ukulele up. That’s what a tiny habit is. It’s a very little thing that you sequence into your life in a place that makes sense and you work to make it automatic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty seconds doesn’t seem like much when you compare it to goals like getting in shape or eating better. But these broad ideas are where Fogg says most people get into trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resolutions vs. Habits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What a mistake – the whole idea around New Year’s resolutions. People aren’t picking specific behaviors, they’re picking abstractions,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abstract goals don’t work, says Fogg, when they aren’t tied to specific behaviors. And to retain new behavior, he says it needs to be instinctual. The more you have to remember to do something, the better the chances are that you’ll talk yourself out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strength of a habit is defined, at least the way I see it, is how much of a decision was that behavior. So if you’re deciding ‘yeah, I’m going to go to the gym today’ it’s a pretty good indication it’s not a habit. Habits are things you do without deciding,” says Fogg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transtheoretical_model\">Classic behavior models\u003c/a> focus on decision-making as a key component of behavior. Fogg is trying to get away from that by working on a new model of habit formation that’s built on baby steps. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forming a Habit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take something like flossing your teeth. Instead of trying to floss all your teeth every day, Fogg says start with flossing just one tooth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, find a habit you already have and do your new habit immediately after. “For me and for most people, brushing your teeth is a solid habit. So that can serve as a trigger for the new behavior you want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, reward yourself. “You declare victory. Like I am so awesome, I just flossed one tooth. And I know it sounds ridiculous. But I believe that when you reinforce yourself like that, your brain will say yeah, awesome, let’s do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And once the habit is formed, Fogg says you’ll find yourself flossing all your teeth. That’s a theory he’s testing out, at least, with several hundred volunteers. Fogg put out a call on twitter, asking participants to do \u003ca href=\"http://www.tinyhabits.com/\">three tiny habits for a week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Testing the Model\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those people is Charles Wang, a psychiatrist in Palo Alto, who picked flossing as one of his habits. “So right now I’m probably doing on average six or seven teeth, I think,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s also trying to do ten pushups as soon as he wakes up and to answer emails as soon as he opens them. “When I look at the email, then I just say, you know, I’m going to immediately hit reply and then send a response. There are still times where it’s just challenging to do that one so I don’t always do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the ideas of behavioral triggers and rewards sound familiar to pet owners, Fogg says there’s a reason. “If you really took the techniques for training dogs and applied it to yourself, you would have much better success. Now, I’m sure people are upset with me for saying that because people want to think we’re different from other animals. When it comes to behavior, we’re a lot more alike than people want to believe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fogg is eager to see if a person’s habit-making ability improves with every new one they make. And he believes understanding habit formation better is vital to industries like medicine and healthcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mistakes that are being made are pretty predictable. Don’t create a system that assumes that people are going to make these big huge changes in their lives. The good news is there are a lot of things in the works to help people stay healthy.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Want to keep a New Year's resolution? One Stanford researcher says to give up on lofty goals. Instead, focus on tiny habits.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450493348,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":872},"headData":{"title":"Think Tiny: The Science of New Year's Resolutions | KQED","description":"Want to keep a New Year's resolution? One Stanford researcher says to give up on lofty goals. Instead, focus on tiny habits.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"29138 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/think-tiny-the-science-of-new-years-resolutions/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/28/think-tiny-the-science-of-new-years-resolutions/","disqusTitle":"Think Tiny: The Science of New Year's Resolutions","source":"Health","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/12/20121231kqedscience.mp3","path":"/quest/29138/think-tiny-the-science-of-new-years-resolutions","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally aired on January 6, 2012.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that time of year when we let go of the old and bring in the new. And that often means setting New Year's resolutions. Some are able to keep to their new goals but most of us eventually just give up. Changing behavior is no easy task, but one Stanford professor has developed a new technique. He says not to worry about New Year’s goals. Instead, we should focus on “\u003ca href=\"http://www.tinyhabits.com/\">tiny habits\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s a tiny habit? Fogg demonstrates by picking up his ukulele and playing for 30 seconds. \"I used to play ukulele a lot. But I stopped practicing for a while so to get back into it I thought I’m going to create a tiny habit of just practicing this cord sequence,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “I set it right by the piano so right after I finish breakfast I go pick the ukulele up. That’s what a tiny habit is. It’s a very little thing that you sequence into your life in a place that makes sense and you work to make it automatic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty seconds doesn’t seem like much when you compare it to goals like getting in shape or eating better. But these broad ideas are where Fogg says most people get into trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resolutions vs. Habits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What a mistake – the whole idea around New Year’s resolutions. People aren’t picking specific behaviors, they’re picking abstractions,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abstract goals don’t work, says Fogg, when they aren’t tied to specific behaviors. And to retain new behavior, he says it needs to be instinctual. The more you have to remember to do something, the better the chances are that you’ll talk yourself out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strength of a habit is defined, at least the way I see it, is how much of a decision was that behavior. So if you’re deciding ‘yeah, I’m going to go to the gym today’ it’s a pretty good indication it’s not a habit. Habits are things you do without deciding,” says Fogg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transtheoretical_model\">Classic behavior models\u003c/a> focus on decision-making as a key component of behavior. Fogg is trying to get away from that by working on a new model of habit formation that’s built on baby steps. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forming a Habit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take something like flossing your teeth. Instead of trying to floss all your teeth every day, Fogg says start with flossing just one tooth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, find a habit you already have and do your new habit immediately after. “For me and for most people, brushing your teeth is a solid habit. So that can serve as a trigger for the new behavior you want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, reward yourself. “You declare victory. Like I am so awesome, I just flossed one tooth. And I know it sounds ridiculous. But I believe that when you reinforce yourself like that, your brain will say yeah, awesome, let’s do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And once the habit is formed, Fogg says you’ll find yourself flossing all your teeth. That’s a theory he’s testing out, at least, with several hundred volunteers. Fogg put out a call on twitter, asking participants to do \u003ca href=\"http://www.tinyhabits.com/\">three tiny habits for a week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Testing the Model\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those people is Charles Wang, a psychiatrist in Palo Alto, who picked flossing as one of his habits. “So right now I’m probably doing on average six or seven teeth, I think,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s also trying to do ten pushups as soon as he wakes up and to answer emails as soon as he opens them. “When I look at the email, then I just say, you know, I’m going to immediately hit reply and then send a response. There are still times where it’s just challenging to do that one so I don’t always do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the ideas of behavioral triggers and rewards sound familiar to pet owners, Fogg says there’s a reason. “If you really took the techniques for training dogs and applied it to yourself, you would have much better success. Now, I’m sure people are upset with me for saying that because people want to think we’re different from other animals. When it comes to behavior, we’re a lot more alike than people want to believe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fogg is eager to see if a person’s habit-making ability improves with every new one they make. And he believes understanding habit formation better is vital to industries like medicine and healthcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mistakes that are being made are pretty predictable. Don’t create a system that assumes that people are going to make these big huge changes in their lives. The good news is there are a lot of things in the works to help people stay healthy.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/29138/think-tiny-the-science-of-new-years-resolutions","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_12","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_10614","quest_13203","quest_13","quest_2774","quest_10613"],"featImg":"quest_29140","label":"source_quest_29138"},"quest_42715":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_42715","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"42715","score":null,"sort":[1345137949000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanfords-signature-sandstone","title":"Stanford's Signature Sandstone","publishDate":1345137949,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>These days, crowds of matriculating freshmen are being led by docents around the iconic campus of Stanford University. Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the warm sandstone of Stanford's historic core is special. The stone has a Bay Area source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/11/what-happens-to-old-quarries/\">The Bay Area's quarries\u003c/a> are good for crushed stone, but not dimension stone. Generally, the rock around here has been shaken and folded so thoroughly that it's hard work to find decent blocks without fractures or alteration. We have some marble and limestone, but it's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">suitable only for making cement\u003c/a>. And we have some granite, but for usable stuff in commercial quantities builders look east to the Sierra Nevada or out of state. The exception is the golden \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/more_sedrocks/a/aboutsandstone.htm\">sandstone\u003c/a> formerly quarried in the Santa Teresa Hills, south of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Teresa Hills are a little outlier of the Santa Cruz Mountains that almost plug the south end of the Santa Clara Valley. Route 85 passes north of them and the Almaden Expressway runs to their south. Here they are in Google Maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegoomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42724\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42724\" title=\"stanstonegoomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap-400x267.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their rocks are largely the typical Bay Area rocks that builders spurn—Franciscan melange and metavolcanic rocks of the Coast Range Ophiolite—but the spine of the western end of the hills is made of a much younger, well-sorted sandstone of Eocene age, about 35 million years old. It's labeled \"Tls\" in this excerpt from the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-795/\">San Jose Quadrangle geologic map\u003c/a>. The same rock underlies the peak of Loma Prieta and the crest of the Sierra Azul, across the intervening \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-new-almaden/\">New Almaden block\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42723\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42723\" title=\"stanstonegeomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap-400x275.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Units Tls and Tcm (Tertiary rocks of Loma Chiquita Ridge and Mount Chuar) belong to the Sierra Azul block; the surrounding serpentinite (Jsp) and melange (fm) and basaltic lava (fpv) are much older and belong to the New Almaden block (lower left). Units marked \"Q\" are sediments.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can visit the source by taking Camden Avenue east from the Almaden Expressway. Then turn left on Graystone Lane, where starting in the 1880s the Greystone Quarry shipped stone direct to Stanford from Leland Stanford's private rail spur. Just across Alamitos Creek is this old stone shed dating from around 1875, with an E Clampus Vitus sign telling its history. On the geologic map it's just under the \"Tls\" label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-hut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42719\" title=\"stanford-stone-hut\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut-400x312.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scars of the quarry itself, which closed in 1906, are long gone, but in many places along the hill you can spot the sandstone cropping out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-crop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42718\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42718\" title=\"stanford-stone-crop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its native state, mottled with lichens and sculpted by wind and water, it does nice things with light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-light/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42720\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42720\" title=\"stanford-stone-light\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erosion also reveals some of the details of the stone. Parts of it are dotted with pebbles, and subtle bedding features cause the rock to flake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-close/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42717\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42717\" title=\"stanford-stone-close\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good building stone had to be selected with care, but in the end there was plenty for the new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-top/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42722\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42722\" title=\"stanford-stone-top\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This signature stone was also used for some other noteworthy buildings, including the Carson City Mint in Nevada (now the state museum), Lick Observatory, and the Post Office building that now houses the San Jose Museum of Art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake destroyed many of Stanford's original buildings, and the stones were stockpiled and dumped in many places around the campus. The 1989 earthquake added more of the sandstone blocks to the campus boneyard. When artist Andy Goldsworthy was commissioned to create something at Stanford, he was enchanted by this old material. In 2001 he and a crew of traditional English dry-stone wallers used it to construct \"Stone River\", just east of the Art Museum parking lot a stone's throw from the Oval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-river/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42721\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42721\" title=\"stanford-stone-river\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a long, sinuous form set in an excavation, like something uncovered by archaeologists. Its shape also hearkens after a streamcourse, like so many Bay Area creeks that have been covered over in our cities. But for me, it works as a seismogram trace. And the builders' tool marks evoke the cycles of human use and reuse that stones have always endured—just another form of erosion in a rock's long journey from sand to sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stone-river-stones/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42716\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42716\" title=\"stone-river-stones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the golden sandstone of Stanford's historic core is one of a kind.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1346782079,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":689},"headData":{"title":"Stanford's Signature Sandstone | KQED","description":"Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the golden sandstone of Stanford's historic core is one of a kind.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"42715 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=42715","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/","disqusTitle":"Stanford's Signature Sandstone","path":"/quest/42715/stanfords-signature-sandstone","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>These days, crowds of matriculating freshmen are being led by docents around the iconic campus of Stanford University. Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the warm sandstone of Stanford's historic core is special. The stone has a Bay Area source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/11/what-happens-to-old-quarries/\">The Bay Area's quarries\u003c/a> are good for crushed stone, but not dimension stone. Generally, the rock around here has been shaken and folded so thoroughly that it's hard work to find decent blocks without fractures or alteration. We have some marble and limestone, but it's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">suitable only for making cement\u003c/a>. And we have some granite, but for usable stuff in commercial quantities builders look east to the Sierra Nevada or out of state. The exception is the golden \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/more_sedrocks/a/aboutsandstone.htm\">sandstone\u003c/a> formerly quarried in the Santa Teresa Hills, south of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Teresa Hills are a little outlier of the Santa Cruz Mountains that almost plug the south end of the Santa Clara Valley. Route 85 passes north of them and the Almaden Expressway runs to their south. Here they are in Google Maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegoomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42724\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42724\" title=\"stanstonegoomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap-400x267.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their rocks are largely the typical Bay Area rocks that builders spurn—Franciscan melange and metavolcanic rocks of the Coast Range Ophiolite—but the spine of the western end of the hills is made of a much younger, well-sorted sandstone of Eocene age, about 35 million years old. It's labeled \"Tls\" in this excerpt from the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-795/\">San Jose Quadrangle geologic map\u003c/a>. The same rock underlies the peak of Loma Prieta and the crest of the Sierra Azul, across the intervening \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-new-almaden/\">New Almaden block\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42723\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42723\" title=\"stanstonegeomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap-400x275.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Units Tls and Tcm (Tertiary rocks of Loma Chiquita Ridge and Mount Chuar) belong to the Sierra Azul block; the surrounding serpentinite (Jsp) and melange (fm) and basaltic lava (fpv) are much older and belong to the New Almaden block (lower left). Units marked \"Q\" are sediments.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can visit the source by taking Camden Avenue east from the Almaden Expressway. Then turn left on Graystone Lane, where starting in the 1880s the Greystone Quarry shipped stone direct to Stanford from Leland Stanford's private rail spur. Just across Alamitos Creek is this old stone shed dating from around 1875, with an E Clampus Vitus sign telling its history. On the geologic map it's just under the \"Tls\" label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-hut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42719\" title=\"stanford-stone-hut\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut-400x312.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scars of the quarry itself, which closed in 1906, are long gone, but in many places along the hill you can spot the sandstone cropping out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-crop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42718\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42718\" title=\"stanford-stone-crop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its native state, mottled with lichens and sculpted by wind and water, it does nice things with light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-light/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42720\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42720\" title=\"stanford-stone-light\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erosion also reveals some of the details of the stone. Parts of it are dotted with pebbles, and subtle bedding features cause the rock to flake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-close/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42717\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42717\" title=\"stanford-stone-close\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good building stone had to be selected with care, but in the end there was plenty for the new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-top/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42722\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42722\" title=\"stanford-stone-top\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This signature stone was also used for some other noteworthy buildings, including the Carson City Mint in Nevada (now the state museum), Lick Observatory, and the Post Office building that now houses the San Jose Museum of Art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake destroyed many of Stanford's original buildings, and the stones were stockpiled and dumped in many places around the campus. The 1989 earthquake added more of the sandstone blocks to the campus boneyard. When artist Andy Goldsworthy was commissioned to create something at Stanford, he was enchanted by this old material. In 2001 he and a crew of traditional English dry-stone wallers used it to construct \"Stone River\", just east of the Art Museum parking lot a stone's throw from the Oval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-river/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42721\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42721\" title=\"stanford-stone-river\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a long, sinuous form set in an excavation, like something uncovered by archaeologists. Its shape also hearkens after a streamcourse, like so many Bay Area creeks that have been covered over in our cities. But for me, it works as a seismogram trace. And the builders' tool marks evoke the cycles of human use and reuse that stones have always endured—just another form of erosion in a rock's long journey from sand to sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stone-river-stones/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42716\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42716\" title=\"stone-river-stones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/42715/stanfords-signature-sandstone","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_11371","quest_11372","quest_3724","quest_13202","quest_2388","quest_3747","quest_11370","quest_2774"],"featImg":"quest_42722","label":"quest"},"quest_24095":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_24095","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"24095","score":null,"sort":[1315935047000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"airborne-wind-energy","title":"Airborne Wind Energy","publishDate":1315935047,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3357,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's Note\u003c/strong>: 10/24/12 - We are saddened to report that \u003ca href=\"http://www.otherlab.com/news/?p=435\">Corwin Hardam\u003c/a>, wind energy pioneer and CEO of Makani Power has \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Corwin-Hardham-wind-power-pioneer-dies-3982587.php\">died unexpectedly at age 38\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/propeller300.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-24140\" title=\"propeller300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/propeller300.jpg\" alt=\"propeller\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dreamer stares up into the sky, watches the clouds slowly pass by and ponders what could be. From da Vinci to Newton to the Wright brothers to the little kid down the street, sometimes there’s a fine line between the day-dreamer and the visionary. And now a group of innovative thinkers are looking at those same passing clouds in a whole new way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking up at the jet stream, \u003ca href=\"http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab/\">Ken Caldeira\u003c/a>, a climate scientist from the Carnegie Institution of Global Ecology at Stanford University says, “We find that there’s more than 100 times the power necessary to power civilization in these high altitude winds.” 100 times the energy to power the world is going to get people's attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The global need for clean energy is pushing scientists and engineers to search for new, untapped sources of energy. “To solve this problem we need a real revolution in our system of energy development,” continues Caldeira, “We need huge amounts of power, and the things that can provide huge amounts of power include fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas; nuclear power, solar power and wind.” The strongest and most consistent winds are found in the \u003ca href=\"http://squall.sfsu.edu/crws/jetstream.html\">jet stream\u003c/a> as high as 30,000 feet above the earth. But how do you harness the wind power from that high? Now the race is on to find the answer to that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may seem pie-in-the-sky, but over 20 companies around the world are now working to develop technology to tap the strong and consistent power of high altitude wind. One company we profiled here on QUEST, \u003ca href=\"http://www.makanipower.com/\">Makani Power\u003c/a> in Alameda, California, has received a $15 million grant from Google to build a wing concept that would autonomously fly in high circles, capturing energy with small turbines and sending the power down its tether. Other companies are exploring the use of kites, parachutes, balloons and other fanciful flying machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no shortage of skeptics and there are plenty of obstacles to hurdle before true high altitude wind energy can get off the ground. But still, it’s fun and interesting to stare up at the floating clouds and dare to dream.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On the windswept tarmac of the former Alameda Naval Air Station, an inventive group of scientists and engineers are test-flying a kite-like tethered wing that may someday help revolutionize clean-energy. QUEST explores the potential of wind energy and new airborne wind turbines designed to harness the stronger and more consistent winds found at higher altitudes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457633613,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":405},"headData":{"title":"Airborne Wind Energy | KQED","description":"On the windswept tarmac of the former Alameda Naval Air Station, an inventive group of scientists and engineers are test-flying a kite-like tethered wing that may someday help revolutionize clean-energy. QUEST explores the potential of wind energy and new airborne wind turbines designed to harness the stronger and more consistent winds found at higher altitudes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"24095 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=24095","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/13/airborne-wind-energy/","disqusTitle":"Airborne Wind Energy","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54-tc006lJU","path":"/quest/24095/airborne-wind-energy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's Note\u003c/strong>: 10/24/12 - We are saddened to report that \u003ca href=\"http://www.otherlab.com/news/?p=435\">Corwin Hardam\u003c/a>, wind energy pioneer and CEO of Makani Power has \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Corwin-Hardham-wind-power-pioneer-dies-3982587.php\">died unexpectedly at age 38\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/propeller300.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-24140\" title=\"propeller300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/propeller300.jpg\" alt=\"propeller\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dreamer stares up into the sky, watches the clouds slowly pass by and ponders what could be. From da Vinci to Newton to the Wright brothers to the little kid down the street, sometimes there’s a fine line between the day-dreamer and the visionary. And now a group of innovative thinkers are looking at those same passing clouds in a whole new way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking up at the jet stream, \u003ca href=\"http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab/\">Ken Caldeira\u003c/a>, a climate scientist from the Carnegie Institution of Global Ecology at Stanford University says, “We find that there’s more than 100 times the power necessary to power civilization in these high altitude winds.” 100 times the energy to power the world is going to get people's attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The global need for clean energy is pushing scientists and engineers to search for new, untapped sources of energy. “To solve this problem we need a real revolution in our system of energy development,” continues Caldeira, “We need huge amounts of power, and the things that can provide huge amounts of power include fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas; nuclear power, solar power and wind.” The strongest and most consistent winds are found in the \u003ca href=\"http://squall.sfsu.edu/crws/jetstream.html\">jet stream\u003c/a> as high as 30,000 feet above the earth. But how do you harness the wind power from that high? Now the race is on to find the answer to that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may seem pie-in-the-sky, but over 20 companies around the world are now working to develop technology to tap the strong and consistent power of high altitude wind. One company we profiled here on QUEST, \u003ca href=\"http://www.makanipower.com/\">Makani Power\u003c/a> in Alameda, California, has received a $15 million grant from Google to build a wing concept that would autonomously fly in high circles, capturing energy with small turbines and sending the power down its tether. Other companies are exploring the use of kites, parachutes, balloons and other fanciful flying machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no shortage of skeptics and there are plenty of obstacles to hurdle before true high altitude wind energy can get off the ground. But still, it’s fun and interesting to stare up at the floating clouds and dare to dream.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/24095/airborne-wind-energy","authors":["10169","6219"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9","quest_16","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_10095","quest_10102","quest_616","quest_10100","quest_10097","quest_10096","quest_10098","quest_10169","quest_3351","quest_10099","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2774","quest_2893","quest_3164","quest_3167"],"collections":["quest_3357"],"featImg":"quest_24098","label":"quest_3357"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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