Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness
The Blue Rock of Antioch
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Albany Hill
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Marin Headlands
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Hill, made up of fossiliferous sandstone of the Briones Formation, overlooks the Sunol Regional Wilderness. 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Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the warm sandstone of Stanford's historic core is special. The stone has a Bay Area source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/11/what-happens-to-old-quarries/\">The Bay Area's quarries\u003c/a> are good for crushed stone, but not dimension stone. Generally, the rock around here has been shaken and folded so thoroughly that it's hard work to find decent blocks without fractures or alteration. We have some marble and limestone, but it's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">suitable only for making cement\u003c/a>. And we have some granite, but for usable stuff in commercial quantities builders look east to the Sierra Nevada or out of state. The exception is the golden \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/more_sedrocks/a/aboutsandstone.htm\">sandstone\u003c/a> formerly quarried in the Santa Teresa Hills, south of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Teresa Hills are a little outlier of the Santa Cruz Mountains that almost plug the south end of the Santa Clara Valley. Route 85 passes north of them and the Almaden Expressway runs to their south. Here they are in Google Maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegoomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42724\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42724\" title=\"stanstonegoomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap-400x267.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their rocks are largely the typical Bay Area rocks that builders spurn—Franciscan melange and metavolcanic rocks of the Coast Range Ophiolite—but the spine of the western end of the hills is made of a much younger, well-sorted sandstone of Eocene age, about 35 million years old. It's labeled \"Tls\" in this excerpt from the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-795/\">San Jose Quadrangle geologic map\u003c/a>. The same rock underlies the peak of Loma Prieta and the crest of the Sierra Azul, across the intervening \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-new-almaden/\">New Almaden block\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42723\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42723\" title=\"stanstonegeomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap-400x275.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Units Tls and Tcm (Tertiary rocks of Loma Chiquita Ridge and Mount Chuar) belong to the Sierra Azul block; the surrounding serpentinite (Jsp) and melange (fm) and basaltic lava (fpv) are much older and belong to the New Almaden block (lower left). Units marked \"Q\" are sediments.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can visit the source by taking Camden Avenue east from the Almaden Expressway. Then turn left on Graystone Lane, where starting in the 1880s the Greystone Quarry shipped stone direct to Stanford from Leland Stanford's private rail spur. Just across Alamitos Creek is this old stone shed dating from around 1875, with an E Clampus Vitus sign telling its history. On the geologic map it's just under the \"Tls\" label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-hut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42719\" title=\"stanford-stone-hut\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut-400x312.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scars of the quarry itself, which closed in 1906, are long gone, but in many places along the hill you can spot the sandstone cropping out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-crop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42718\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42718\" title=\"stanford-stone-crop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its native state, mottled with lichens and sculpted by wind and water, it does nice things with light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-light/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42720\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42720\" title=\"stanford-stone-light\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erosion also reveals some of the details of the stone. Parts of it are dotted with pebbles, and subtle bedding features cause the rock to flake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-close/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42717\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42717\" title=\"stanford-stone-close\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good building stone had to be selected with care, but in the end there was plenty for the new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-top/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42722\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42722\" title=\"stanford-stone-top\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This signature stone was also used for some other noteworthy buildings, including the Carson City Mint in Nevada (now the state museum), Lick Observatory, and the Post Office building that now houses the San Jose Museum of Art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake destroyed many of Stanford's original buildings, and the stones were stockpiled and dumped in many places around the campus. The 1989 earthquake added more of the sandstone blocks to the campus boneyard. When artist Andy Goldsworthy was commissioned to create something at Stanford, he was enchanted by this old material. In 2001 he and a crew of traditional English dry-stone wallers used it to construct \"Stone River\", just east of the Art Museum parking lot a stone's throw from the Oval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-river/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42721\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42721\" title=\"stanford-stone-river\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a long, sinuous form set in an excavation, like something uncovered by archaeologists. Its shape also hearkens after a streamcourse, like so many Bay Area creeks that have been covered over in our cities. But for me, it works as a seismogram trace. And the builders' tool marks evoke the cycles of human use and reuse that stones have always endured—just another form of erosion in a rock's long journey from sand to sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stone-river-stones/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42716\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42716\" title=\"stone-river-stones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the golden sandstone of Stanford's historic core is one of a kind.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1346782079,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":689},"headData":{"title":"Stanford's Signature Sandstone | KQED","description":"Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the golden sandstone of Stanford's historic core is one of a kind.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stanford's Signature Sandstone","datePublished":"2012-08-16T17:25:49.000Z","dateModified":"2012-09-04T18:07:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"42715 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=42715","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/","disqusTitle":"Stanford's Signature Sandstone","path":"/quest/42715/stanfords-signature-sandstone","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>These days, crowds of matriculating freshmen are being led by docents around the iconic campus of Stanford University. Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the warm sandstone of Stanford's historic core is special. The stone has a Bay Area source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/11/what-happens-to-old-quarries/\">The Bay Area's quarries\u003c/a> are good for crushed stone, but not dimension stone. Generally, the rock around here has been shaken and folded so thoroughly that it's hard work to find decent blocks without fractures or alteration. We have some marble and limestone, but it's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">suitable only for making cement\u003c/a>. And we have some granite, but for usable stuff in commercial quantities builders look east to the Sierra Nevada or out of state. The exception is the golden \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/more_sedrocks/a/aboutsandstone.htm\">sandstone\u003c/a> formerly quarried in the Santa Teresa Hills, south of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Teresa Hills are a little outlier of the Santa Cruz Mountains that almost plug the south end of the Santa Clara Valley. Route 85 passes north of them and the Almaden Expressway runs to their south. Here they are in Google Maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegoomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42724\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42724\" title=\"stanstonegoomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap-400x267.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their rocks are largely the typical Bay Area rocks that builders spurn—Franciscan melange and metavolcanic rocks of the Coast Range Ophiolite—but the spine of the western end of the hills is made of a much younger, well-sorted sandstone of Eocene age, about 35 million years old. It's labeled \"Tls\" in this excerpt from the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-795/\">San Jose Quadrangle geologic map\u003c/a>. The same rock underlies the peak of Loma Prieta and the crest of the Sierra Azul, across the intervening \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-new-almaden/\">New Almaden block\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42723\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42723\" title=\"stanstonegeomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap-400x275.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Units Tls and Tcm (Tertiary rocks of Loma Chiquita Ridge and Mount Chuar) belong to the Sierra Azul block; the surrounding serpentinite (Jsp) and melange (fm) and basaltic lava (fpv) are much older and belong to the New Almaden block (lower left). Units marked \"Q\" are sediments.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can visit the source by taking Camden Avenue east from the Almaden Expressway. Then turn left on Graystone Lane, where starting in the 1880s the Greystone Quarry shipped stone direct to Stanford from Leland Stanford's private rail spur. Just across Alamitos Creek is this old stone shed dating from around 1875, with an E Clampus Vitus sign telling its history. On the geologic map it's just under the \"Tls\" label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-hut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42719\" title=\"stanford-stone-hut\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut-400x312.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scars of the quarry itself, which closed in 1906, are long gone, but in many places along the hill you can spot the sandstone cropping out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-crop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42718\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42718\" title=\"stanford-stone-crop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its native state, mottled with lichens and sculpted by wind and water, it does nice things with light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-light/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42720\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42720\" title=\"stanford-stone-light\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erosion also reveals some of the details of the stone. Parts of it are dotted with pebbles, and subtle bedding features cause the rock to flake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-close/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42717\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42717\" title=\"stanford-stone-close\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good building stone had to be selected with care, but in the end there was plenty for the new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-top/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42722\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42722\" title=\"stanford-stone-top\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This signature stone was also used for some other noteworthy buildings, including the Carson City Mint in Nevada (now the state museum), Lick Observatory, and the Post Office building that now houses the San Jose Museum of Art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake destroyed many of Stanford's original buildings, and the stones were stockpiled and dumped in many places around the campus. The 1989 earthquake added more of the sandstone blocks to the campus boneyard. When artist Andy Goldsworthy was commissioned to create something at Stanford, he was enchanted by this old material. In 2001 he and a crew of traditional English dry-stone wallers used it to construct \"Stone River\", just east of the Art Museum parking lot a stone's throw from the Oval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-river/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42721\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42721\" title=\"stanford-stone-river\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a long, sinuous form set in an excavation, like something uncovered by archaeologists. Its shape also hearkens after a streamcourse, like so many Bay Area creeks that have been covered over in our cities. But for me, it works as a seismogram trace. And the builders' tool marks evoke the cycles of human use and reuse that stones have always endured—just another form of erosion in a rock's long journey from sand to sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stone-river-stones/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42716\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42716\" title=\"stone-river-stones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/42715/stanfords-signature-sandstone","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_11371","quest_11372","quest_3724","quest_13202","quest_2388","quest_3747","quest_11370","quest_2774"],"featImg":"quest_42722","label":"quest"},"quest_41176":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_41176","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"41176","score":null,"sort":[1342730570000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness","publishDate":1342730570,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunoltop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41178\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunoltop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41178\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flag Hill, made up of fossiliferous sandstone of the Briones Formation, overlooks the Sunol Regional Wilderness. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol/\">Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a>, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/\">East Bay Regional Park District\u003c/a>, is a great place for many different students of nature and lovers of the outdoors. Here's how it looks to geology aficionados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is near the village of Sunol, south of where state route 84 meets Interstate 680. As you approach the park on Calaveras Road, you are driving pretty much directly on the Calaveras fault, which stretches from the Hollister area north past Pleasanton. It's due east of Fremont, behind Mission and Monument Peaks. That set of mountains is a splinter of crustal rocks raised by the interaction of the Calaveras and Hayward faults on either side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park's bedrock geology is a mixture of relatively young marine sandstone and metamorphic rocks of the much older Franciscan Complex (map from \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-252/almap.pdf\">USGS OF96-252\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolmap2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41181\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolmap2\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41181\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2-400x300.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunol Regional Wilderness is east of the Calaveras fault. LY, Little Yosemite; FH, Flag Hill; P, southern parking lot. Tan colors are young sandstones of the Briones Formation and related units; green is Great Valley Sequence sandstone of Cretaceous age; blues and purples are Franciscan rocks including melange, graywacke (sandstone) and serpentinite.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The area, like the rest of the Bay Area, has a complex and continuing history of uplift and erosion and sideways movement on our major strike-slip faults. There are occasional bedrock terraces like this one that mark previous levels of Alameda Creek, at times when it had the leisure to cut its streambed wide into the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolterrace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41185\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolterrace\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41185\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beneath a thin veneer of stream gravel lies solid bedrock: a stream-cut platform.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The eastern part of the park is archetypical Franciscan melange country, like that found up and down the Diablo Range. Melange is an intimate mixture of sandstone, basalt, chert and serpentinite, the four major Franciscan rock types. The land it underlies is an intricate set of slopes and peaks, laced with old and young landslide scars and dotted with \"knockers\" of resistant rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolknocker/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41180\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolknocker\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41180\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melange country, with the Mission Hills beyond the Calaveras fault. Note the radio towers of Monument and Mission Peaks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the complexity underneath can be seen in this detailed geologic map prepared by Franciscan specialist John Wakabayashi of Cal State Fresno (\u003ca href=\"http://sanjoaquingeologicalsociety.org/presentation/2011SJGSMelanges_sm.ppt\">from a 2011 Powerpoint presentation\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 697px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41182\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolmap\" width=\"697\" height=\"715\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41182\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap.png 697w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap-400x410.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click the map for the full-size version.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serpentinite and related high-grade metamorphic rocks thread through the land like the dark in a marble cake. The photo doesn't do justice to the blue of the serpentinite in this exposure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41184\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolserp/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41184\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolserp\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41184\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upper reaches of the \"W\" Tree Rock Scramble.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you take yourself off the trail into these hills, watch for snakes and poison oak, but also be on the lookout for beauties like this garnet amphibolite among the knockers. It's just as blue as new jeans. (Admire it, but don't hammer it. Collecting is forbidden in all parks.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolamph/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41179\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolamph\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-41179\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details and structures of Sunol's rocks are yielding new insights to students of the Franciscan. That is scientifically important because the Franciscan is a major part of the subduction zone in California, which in turn is the world's best example of subduction-related rocks. Sunol, therefore, is a star player at the frontier of plate tectonics itself.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Franciscan rocks of Sunol Regional Wilderness are star players at the frontier of plate tectonics.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1344279280,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":558},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness | KQED","description":"The Franciscan rocks of Sunol Regional Wilderness are star players at the frontier of plate tectonics.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness","datePublished":"2012-07-19T20:42:50.000Z","dateModified":"2012-08-06T18:54:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"41176 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=41176","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Sunol Regional Wilderness","path":"/quest/41176/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunoltop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41178\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunoltop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41178\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunoltop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flag Hill, made up of fossiliferous sandstone of the Briones Formation, overlooks the Sunol Regional Wilderness. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol/\">Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a>, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/\">East Bay Regional Park District\u003c/a>, is a great place for many different students of nature and lovers of the outdoors. Here's how it looks to geology aficionados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is near the village of Sunol, south of where state route 84 meets Interstate 680. As you approach the park on Calaveras Road, you are driving pretty much directly on the Calaveras fault, which stretches from the Hollister area north past Pleasanton. It's due east of Fremont, behind Mission and Monument Peaks. That set of mountains is a splinter of crustal rocks raised by the interaction of the Calaveras and Hayward faults on either side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park's bedrock geology is a mixture of relatively young marine sandstone and metamorphic rocks of the much older Franciscan Complex (map from \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-252/almap.pdf\">USGS OF96-252\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolmap2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41181\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolmap2\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41181\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap2-400x300.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunol Regional Wilderness is east of the Calaveras fault. LY, Little Yosemite; FH, Flag Hill; P, southern parking lot. Tan colors are young sandstones of the Briones Formation and related units; green is Great Valley Sequence sandstone of Cretaceous age; blues and purples are Franciscan rocks including melange, graywacke (sandstone) and serpentinite.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The area, like the rest of the Bay Area, has a complex and continuing history of uplift and erosion and sideways movement on our major strike-slip faults. There are occasional bedrock terraces like this one that mark previous levels of Alameda Creek, at times when it had the leisure to cut its streambed wide into the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolterrace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41185\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolterrace\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41185\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolterrace-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beneath a thin veneer of stream gravel lies solid bedrock: a stream-cut platform.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The eastern part of the park is archetypical Franciscan melange country, like that found up and down the Diablo Range. Melange is an intimate mixture of sandstone, basalt, chert and serpentinite, the four major Franciscan rock types. The land it underlies is an intricate set of slopes and peaks, laced with old and young landslide scars and dotted with \"knockers\" of resistant rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolknocker/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41180\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolknocker\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41180\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolknocker-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Melange country, with the Mission Hills beyond the Calaveras fault. Note the radio towers of Monument and Mission Peaks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the complexity underneath can be seen in this detailed geologic map prepared by Franciscan specialist John Wakabayashi of Cal State Fresno (\u003ca href=\"http://sanjoaquingeologicalsociety.org/presentation/2011SJGSMelanges_sm.ppt\">from a 2011 Powerpoint presentation\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 697px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41182\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolmap\" width=\"697\" height=\"715\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41182\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap.png 697w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap-400x410.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolmap-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click the map for the full-size version.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serpentinite and related high-grade metamorphic rocks thread through the land like the dark in a marble cake. The photo doesn't do justice to the blue of the serpentinite in this exposure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41184\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolserp/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41184\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolserp\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41184\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolserp-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upper reaches of the \"W\" Tree Rock Scramble.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you take yourself off the trail into these hills, watch for snakes and poison oak, but also be on the lookout for beauties like this garnet amphibolite among the knockers. It's just as blue as new jeans. (Admire it, but don't hammer it. Collecting is forbidden in all parks.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/sunolamph/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41179\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sunolamph\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-41179\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/sunolamph-400x283.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details and structures of Sunol's rocks are yielding new insights to students of the Franciscan. That is scientifically important because the Franciscan is a major part of the subduction zone in California, which in turn is the world's best example of subduction-related rocks. Sunol, therefore, is a star player at the frontier of plate tectonics itself.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/41176/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_3492","quest_3580","quest_13200","quest_13202","quest_3747","quest_2589","quest_2590","quest_9979"],"featImg":"quest_41178","label":"quest"},"quest_39231":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_39231","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"39231","score":null,"sort":[1339099917000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-blue-rock-of-antioch","title":"The Blue Rock of Antioch","publishDate":1339099917,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Last weekend I was part of a field trip through the northernmost part of the Diablo Range, the high Los Medanos Hills north of Mount Diablo that overlook Suisun Bay and western Delta. There is a lot going on there, geologically speaking, that was hard to completely absorb despite the best efforts of our guide, who has spent more than 40 years in these rocks. But I was impressed with the personality, for lack of a better word, of several rock units we saw that day. Let me show you one of them: the blue rock called the Neroly Sandstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our stops was near Bailey Road, an offbeat route through these hills known to locals as the one between Willow Pass and Kirker Pass, connecting east Concord and west Pittsburg. The state-of-the-art Keller Canyon Landfill is there, and we got a guided tour of its operations as well as its geologic setting. At our first stop we visited an outcrop of the Neroly Sandstone, which is the cliff-forming unit exposed in these hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyhill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39236\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyhill\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39236\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neroly Sandstone crops out in the Los Medanos Hills. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Neroly got its name in 1930 from an old train stop east of here. In 1949 another geologist renamed it the Neroly Formation. By either name, it's lumped into the San Pablo Group along with the underlying Cierbo and Briones Formations. It's considered the equivalent of the similar Etchegoin Formation farther south near the Kettleman Hills. It has been assigned a Pliocene age, roughly 4 million years. As we approached the outcrop, some of us noted its bluish color but others couldn't see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolycrop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39234\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolycrop\" width=\"600\" height=\"430\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39234\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting still closer didn't help a lot. It seemed to be both brown and blue, and on a day with a bright, open sky shadows naturally have a bluish cast. But here we could see its nature: a thick sequence of coarse sandstone with thin, discontinuous bedding, the kind of thing laid down by rivers. Our guide explained that fossils of plant debris are commonly found in the Neroly. That made me prick up my eyes, although this particular outcrop was barren of fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyface/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39235\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyface\" width=\"600\" height=\"471\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39235\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface-400x314.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point I picked up a blue pebble and passed it around the group; later I popped it in my pocket. Here it is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/blueclay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39233\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"blueclay\" width=\"600\" height=\"429\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This specimen makes it clear that the sediment particles making up the rock are not themselves blue. Rather, each particle has a thin coating of blue material. This was identified in a 1957 paper as a clay mineral, a variety of montmorillonite, that formed by the alteration of the particles. Those particles, in turn, are volcanic rock erupted somewhere in today's Sierra Nevada. But the blue clay is not what holds the rock together. Instead it's just a bit of calcite. That tends to dissolve easily in surface conditions and explains what I found next, in a hollow eroded into the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolypit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39232\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolypit\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind and water have gently freed the clay-covered grains and removed the rest. A rock of blue grains was cemented by brownish material, explaining its ambiguous color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture we have of the Neroly Sandstone is a huge, widespread blanket of volcanic sand and gravel spread west of the Sierra and rounded by vigorous rivers. At the same time, the gravel was left alone in tropical conditions enough to partially degrade into blue clay. How was it tilted up and exposed? Where does it go underground? What else is special about it? The answers are: compression across the Central Valley has pushed it up; it extends all the way across the Valley and matches up with the Mehrten Formation in the western Sierra foothills; and its porous nature makes it an important aquifer (water-bearing rock) in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving home at the end of our trip, we passed the spiffy Bluerock Center in Antioch. It's not far from the Neroly Sandstone, and I'm sure that the rock was well known to Antioch's early inhabitants. The big stone specimen at its entrance was something else, though: probably a \"black granite\" ordered by the landscape designers from a catalog.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":" Introducing a distinctive young stone of the Coast Range, the blue rock of the Neroly Sandstone.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1340306628,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":699},"headData":{"title":"The Blue Rock of Antioch | KQED","description":" Introducing a distinctive young stone of the Coast Range, the blue rock of the Neroly Sandstone.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Blue Rock of Antioch","datePublished":"2012-06-07T20:11:57.000Z","dateModified":"2012-06-21T19:23:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"39231 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=39231","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/","disqusTitle":"The Blue Rock of Antioch","path":"/quest/39231/the-blue-rock-of-antioch","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last weekend I was part of a field trip through the northernmost part of the Diablo Range, the high Los Medanos Hills north of Mount Diablo that overlook Suisun Bay and western Delta. There is a lot going on there, geologically speaking, that was hard to completely absorb despite the best efforts of our guide, who has spent more than 40 years in these rocks. But I was impressed with the personality, for lack of a better word, of several rock units we saw that day. Let me show you one of them: the blue rock called the Neroly Sandstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our stops was near Bailey Road, an offbeat route through these hills known to locals as the one between Willow Pass and Kirker Pass, connecting east Concord and west Pittsburg. The state-of-the-art Keller Canyon Landfill is there, and we got a guided tour of its operations as well as its geologic setting. At our first stop we visited an outcrop of the Neroly Sandstone, which is the cliff-forming unit exposed in these hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyhill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39236\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyhill\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39236\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neroly Sandstone crops out in the Los Medanos Hills. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Neroly got its name in 1930 from an old train stop east of here. In 1949 another geologist renamed it the Neroly Formation. By either name, it's lumped into the San Pablo Group along with the underlying Cierbo and Briones Formations. It's considered the equivalent of the similar Etchegoin Formation farther south near the Kettleman Hills. It has been assigned a Pliocene age, roughly 4 million years. As we approached the outcrop, some of us noted its bluish color but others couldn't see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolycrop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39234\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolycrop\" width=\"600\" height=\"430\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39234\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting still closer didn't help a lot. It seemed to be both brown and blue, and on a day with a bright, open sky shadows naturally have a bluish cast. But here we could see its nature: a thick sequence of coarse sandstone with thin, discontinuous bedding, the kind of thing laid down by rivers. Our guide explained that fossils of plant debris are commonly found in the Neroly. That made me prick up my eyes, although this particular outcrop was barren of fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyface/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39235\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyface\" width=\"600\" height=\"471\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39235\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface-400x314.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point I picked up a blue pebble and passed it around the group; later I popped it in my pocket. Here it is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/blueclay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39233\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"blueclay\" width=\"600\" height=\"429\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This specimen makes it clear that the sediment particles making up the rock are not themselves blue. Rather, each particle has a thin coating of blue material. This was identified in a 1957 paper as a clay mineral, a variety of montmorillonite, that formed by the alteration of the particles. Those particles, in turn, are volcanic rock erupted somewhere in today's Sierra Nevada. But the blue clay is not what holds the rock together. Instead it's just a bit of calcite. That tends to dissolve easily in surface conditions and explains what I found next, in a hollow eroded into the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolypit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39232\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolypit\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind and water have gently freed the clay-covered grains and removed the rest. A rock of blue grains was cemented by brownish material, explaining its ambiguous color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture we have of the Neroly Sandstone is a huge, widespread blanket of volcanic sand and gravel spread west of the Sierra and rounded by vigorous rivers. At the same time, the gravel was left alone in tropical conditions enough to partially degrade into blue clay. How was it tilted up and exposed? Where does it go underground? What else is special about it? The answers are: compression across the Central Valley has pushed it up; it extends all the way across the Valley and matches up with the Mehrten Formation in the western Sierra foothills; and its porous nature makes it an important aquifer (water-bearing rock) in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving home at the end of our trip, we passed the spiffy Bluerock Center in Antioch. It's not far from the Neroly Sandstone, and I'm sure that the rock was well known to Antioch's early inhabitants. The big stone specimen at its entrance was something else, though: probably a \"black granite\" ordered by the landscape designers from a catalog.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/39231/the-blue-rock-of-antioch","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_11193","quest_11192","quest_1607","quest_11191","quest_11189","quest_11190","quest_13202","quest_3747"],"featImg":"quest_39236","label":"quest"},"quest_25770":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_25770","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"25770","score":null,"sort":[1318531732000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Albany Hill","publishDate":1318531732,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritobart/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25773\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritobart\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25773\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is the classic view of Albany Hill from the El Cerrito BART station. With the sun behind it, you can see that much of the hill's apparent size is due to a high hairstyle of eucalyptus trees. Beneath them is an isolated body of Franciscan sandstone dating from late in the Cretaceous Period, about 70 to 83 million years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area landmarks had different names before the Gold Rush. Albany Hill was first named \"Cerrito de San Antonio\" by the Peralta family. Afterward it became El Cerrito, \"little hill,\" and got its current name just a century ago when the city of Albany incorporated. During those years it served first as a rock quarry and the site of an explosives factory (when the eucalyptus forest was planted, as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/\">at Pinole Point\u003c/a>, to muffle accidents) and later as a fine place to build homes and apartment buildings. Today much of it is preserved in Albany Hill Park in a benign stasis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albany Hill appears on the geologic map as a patch of unit Kfn, Franciscan rocks of the Novato Quarry terrane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25775\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritomap-566x360.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritomap\" width=\"566\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-25775\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The line labeled \"A\" marks part of cross-section A–A' that conveniently starts right at Albany Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritoxsec/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25771\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritoxsec\" width=\"640\" height=\"410\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25771\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec-400x256.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cross-section showing interpreted structure beneath the map; the portion shown in the map segment reaches to the \"Qls\" symbol (landslide deposits).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To visit the rocks of Albany Hill, park along Taft Avenue, which runs up the east side of the hill. The street boasts an extensive roadcut where you can inspect and sample the rock. It's a hard, massive, medium-grained sandstone that has undergone some metamorphism. This has wiped out any original structural features that may have been there, such as bedding and erosion marks. This isn't the dramatic stuff of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritoweathered/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25777\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritoweathered\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25777\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Weathered sandstone of Albany Hill in Taft Avenue roadcut. The light patch is rich in calcite.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Up at the end of Taft is a parking area for Albany Hill Park. Enjoy the woods and the views and watch for the occasional outcrops underfoot. In many of these, foot traffic exposes the sandstone's true tan color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map shows two other exposures of this rock nearby. The one at Point Isabel is almost entirely covered today, but at Fleming Point, behind the racetrack stands at Golden Gate Fields, years of (again) explosives manufacturing and quarrying have left it well exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerr-flemingpoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25772\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerr-flemingpoint\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25772\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint-400x243.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three outcrops are part of a longer discontinuous belt of rocks of the Novato Quarry terrane. It runs from Piedmont on the south to Point Richmond, to Novato across the Bay, and beyond in patches all the way to Bodega Head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you're on this side of the freeway, take a hike out the Albany Bulb, an artificial peninsula studded with anonymous art works. There you can see the \u003ci>other\u003c/i> classic view of Albany Hill, sitting in front of the much younger rocks of the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritobulb/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25774\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritobulb\" width=\"600\" height=\"419\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25774\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb-400x279.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Among the commuters who pass it twice a day, surely thousands of people wonder about that dramatic little hill next to I-80/580 just north of Berkeley. Wonder no more.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1325109122,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":495},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Albany Hill | KQED","description":"Among the commuters who pass it twice a day, surely thousands of people wonder about that dramatic little hill next to I-80/580 just north of Berkeley. Wonder no more.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Albany Hill","datePublished":"2011-10-13T18:48:52.000Z","dateModified":"2011-12-28T21:52:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"25770 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=25770","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Albany Hill","path":"/quest/25770/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritobart/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25773\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritobart\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25773\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobart-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is the classic view of Albany Hill from the El Cerrito BART station. With the sun behind it, you can see that much of the hill's apparent size is due to a high hairstyle of eucalyptus trees. Beneath them is an isolated body of Franciscan sandstone dating from late in the Cretaceous Period, about 70 to 83 million years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area landmarks had different names before the Gold Rush. Albany Hill was first named \"Cerrito de San Antonio\" by the Peralta family. Afterward it became El Cerrito, \"little hill,\" and got its current name just a century ago when the city of Albany incorporated. During those years it served first as a rock quarry and the site of an explosives factory (when the eucalyptus forest was planted, as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/\">at Pinole Point\u003c/a>, to muffle accidents) and later as a fine place to build homes and apartment buildings. Today much of it is preserved in Albany Hill Park in a benign stasis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albany Hill appears on the geologic map as a patch of unit Kfn, Franciscan rocks of the Novato Quarry terrane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25775\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritomap-566x360.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritomap\" width=\"566\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-25775\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The line labeled \"A\" marks part of cross-section A–A' that conveniently starts right at Albany Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritoxsec/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25771\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritoxsec\" width=\"640\" height=\"410\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25771\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoxsec-400x256.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cross-section showing interpreted structure beneath the map; the portion shown in the map segment reaches to the \"Qls\" symbol (landslide deposits).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To visit the rocks of Albany Hill, park along Taft Avenue, which runs up the east side of the hill. The street boasts an extensive roadcut where you can inspect and sample the rock. It's a hard, massive, medium-grained sandstone that has undergone some metamorphism. This has wiped out any original structural features that may have been there, such as bedding and erosion marks. This isn't the dramatic stuff of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritoweathered/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25777\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritoweathered\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25777\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritoweathered-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Weathered sandstone of Albany Hill in Taft Avenue roadcut. The light patch is rich in calcite.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Up at the end of Taft is a parking area for Albany Hill Park. Enjoy the woods and the views and watch for the occasional outcrops underfoot. In many of these, foot traffic exposes the sandstone's true tan color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map shows two other exposures of this rock nearby. The one at Point Isabel is almost entirely covered today, but at Fleming Point, behind the racetrack stands at Golden Gate Fields, years of (again) explosives manufacturing and quarrying have left it well exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerr-flemingpoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25772\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerr-flemingpoint\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25772\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerr-flemingpoint-400x243.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three outcrops are part of a longer discontinuous belt of rocks of the Novato Quarry terrane. It runs from Piedmont on the south to Point Richmond, to Novato across the Bay, and beyond in patches all the way to Bodega Head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you're on this side of the freeway, take a hike out the Albany Bulb, an artificial peninsula studded with anonymous art works. There you can see the \u003ci>other\u003c/i> classic view of Albany Hill, sitting in front of the much younger rocks of the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/elcerritobulb/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25774\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"elcerritobulb\" width=\"600\" height=\"419\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25774\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/elcerritobulb-400x279.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/25770/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_10260","quest_10261","quest_10262","quest_1025","quest_3580","quest_10263","quest_13202","quest_2447","quest_3747","quest_8739"],"featImg":"quest_25773","label":"quest"},"quest_13980":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_13980","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"13980","score":null,"sort":[1303415507000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Marin Headlands","publishDate":1303415507,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadthumb2.jpg\" alt=\"marin headlands\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>A ridge of deep-sea chert sets off the Golden Gate and its signature bridge. Photos by Andrew Alden except where noted.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people, tourists and locals alike, come here to gaze over the Golden Gate. But if you turn your back to it, the Marin Headlands are a textbook location to see some classic rocks of the Franciscan Complex. Rocks like these set apart the landscapes that incorporate them, literally shaping San Francisco's worldview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin Headlands have such a distinctive set of Franciscan rocks that their geologic package is named the Marin Headlands terrane, a geologist's word that means a well-defined piece of land and the closely related rocks that underlie it. The Franciscan has about a dozen terranes represented in the Bay Area, and while the Marin Headlands terrane appears in several places, this is where to see it best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Headlands couldn't be easier to get to—the entrance is just north of the Golden Gate Bridge. Head west and start on Conzelman Road, and stop at the first turnout (Battery Spencer) if you can find a parking spot; if there isn't try the next, because all display the same rocks. The roadcuts on Conzelman Road have just been renewed as the roadway is improved, so it's a great time to study them. (Road work goes on during the week; check \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectheadlands.gov/\">projectheadlands.gov\u003c/a> for updates.) Here's what you'll be looking at. Remember that no hammering or collecting is allowed in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/marin-headlands.htm\">Golden Gate National Recreation Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadconz12.jpg\" alt=\"conzelman road chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reddish-brown, swirly rock is ribbon chert. This hard sedimentary stone started out in the Pacific as deep-sea clay full of the microscopic shells of radiolarians, lying on the volcanic rocks of the seafloor. It was once flat beds, but as the seafloor was subducted beneath California the chert was crumpled into a picturesque state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadconz22.jpg\" alt=\"folded ribbon chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crust itself was also crumpled, sliced into ribbons and stacked up. That accounts for the look of the geologic map of the Headlands (click it to see it bigger).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadmap2.jpg\" width=\"500\" alt=\"marin headlands geologic map\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>From \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2918/\">USGS Scientific Investigations Map 2918\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map depicts three main rock types from the Franciscan: the oldest lava of the ancient seabed of Jurassic age (Jfv), the deep-sea chert that sifted down onto it over a period of some 100 million years (JKfc), and the sandstone that collected on top of that as the seafloor approached California during the Cretaceous Period (Kfs). Melange, as I've explained \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">in my post about Shell Beach\u003c/a>, is an intimate mixture of all three (and more) Franciscan rock types. Alluvium is the young sediment that lies in river valleys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lava that once underlay the chert now crops out next to it. At the end of Conzelman Road, at Point Bonita (south of the \"Kfs\" label), there's a spot where you can see spectacularly preserved pillow lava, looking as pristine as it did 150 million years ago when it erupted into the deep sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadpillows2.jpg\" alt=\"pillow lava\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/edbierman/\">Ed Bierman\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see this lava close up on the south end of Rodeo Beach (northwest of \"Kfs\") in its mildly metamorphosed form known as greenstone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadgreenstone2.jpg\" alt=\"rodeo beach greenstone\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you're at the beach, take care NOT to resist the excellent pebbles, sourced from the whole range of the Franciscan. I'm told that Kirby Cove's pebble beach is just as good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadpebbles2.jpg\" alt=\"rodeo beach pebbles\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're up for some hiking, there's a lot more to see. For instance, north of Rodeo Beach the view up the coast shows off the sandstone and melange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadnorth2.jpg\" alt=\"marin coast\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you keep your eyes on the ground, you may spot black manganese minerals coating the chert. Parts of the Headlands were exploited for this strategic mineral during World War II. The most likely source for the material is the formation of manganese nodules, back when this chert was abyssal mud. To impress your friends, be sure to call out, \"Look! Psilomelane!\" when you find some. That's the name of this sooty-looking mixture of manganese oxides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadmang2.jpg\" alt=\"psilomelane\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you still must admire the Golden Gate instead of the rocks, let my colleague Brian Romans show you \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/14/sand-waves-and-the-golden-gate/\">some of the wonderful geology under that impressive strait\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.829 -122.483\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Marin Headlands are a textbook location to see some classic rocks of the Franciscan Complex, rocks that literally shape San Francisco's worldview.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1343973965,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":714},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Marin Headlands | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Marin Headlands","datePublished":"2011-04-21T19:51:47.000Z","dateModified":"2012-08-03T06:06:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"13980 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=13980","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Marin Headlands","path":"/quest/13980/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadthumb2.jpg\" alt=\"marin headlands\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>A ridge of deep-sea chert sets off the Golden Gate and its signature bridge. Photos by Andrew Alden except where noted.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people, tourists and locals alike, come here to gaze over the Golden Gate. But if you turn your back to it, the Marin Headlands are a textbook location to see some classic rocks of the Franciscan Complex. Rocks like these set apart the landscapes that incorporate them, literally shaping San Francisco's worldview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin Headlands have such a distinctive set of Franciscan rocks that their geologic package is named the Marin Headlands terrane, a geologist's word that means a well-defined piece of land and the closely related rocks that underlie it. The Franciscan has about a dozen terranes represented in the Bay Area, and while the Marin Headlands terrane appears in several places, this is where to see it best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Headlands couldn't be easier to get to—the entrance is just north of the Golden Gate Bridge. Head west and start on Conzelman Road, and stop at the first turnout (Battery Spencer) if you can find a parking spot; if there isn't try the next, because all display the same rocks. The roadcuts on Conzelman Road have just been renewed as the roadway is improved, so it's a great time to study them. (Road work goes on during the week; check \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectheadlands.gov/\">projectheadlands.gov\u003c/a> for updates.) Here's what you'll be looking at. Remember that no hammering or collecting is allowed in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/marin-headlands.htm\">Golden Gate National Recreation Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadconz12.jpg\" alt=\"conzelman road chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reddish-brown, swirly rock is ribbon chert. This hard sedimentary stone started out in the Pacific as deep-sea clay full of the microscopic shells of radiolarians, lying on the volcanic rocks of the seafloor. It was once flat beds, but as the seafloor was subducted beneath California the chert was crumpled into a picturesque state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadconz22.jpg\" alt=\"folded ribbon chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crust itself was also crumpled, sliced into ribbons and stacked up. That accounts for the look of the geologic map of the Headlands (click it to see it bigger).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadmap2.jpg\" width=\"500\" alt=\"marin headlands geologic map\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>From \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2918/\">USGS Scientific Investigations Map 2918\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map depicts three main rock types from the Franciscan: the oldest lava of the ancient seabed of Jurassic age (Jfv), the deep-sea chert that sifted down onto it over a period of some 100 million years (JKfc), and the sandstone that collected on top of that as the seafloor approached California during the Cretaceous Period (Kfs). Melange, as I've explained \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">in my post about Shell Beach\u003c/a>, is an intimate mixture of all three (and more) Franciscan rock types. Alluvium is the young sediment that lies in river valleys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lava that once underlay the chert now crops out next to it. At the end of Conzelman Road, at Point Bonita (south of the \"Kfs\" label), there's a spot where you can see spectacularly preserved pillow lava, looking as pristine as it did 150 million years ago when it erupted into the deep sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadpillows2.jpg\" alt=\"pillow lava\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/edbierman/\">Ed Bierman\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see this lava close up on the south end of Rodeo Beach (northwest of \"Kfs\") in its mildly metamorphosed form known as greenstone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadgreenstone2.jpg\" alt=\"rodeo beach greenstone\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you're at the beach, take care NOT to resist the excellent pebbles, sourced from the whole range of the Franciscan. I'm told that Kirby Cove's pebble beach is just as good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadpebbles2.jpg\" alt=\"rodeo beach pebbles\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're up for some hiking, there's a lot more to see. For instance, north of Rodeo Beach the view up the coast shows off the sandstone and melange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadnorth2.jpg\" alt=\"marin coast\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you keep your eyes on the ground, you may spot black manganese minerals coating the chert. Parts of the Headlands were exploited for this strategic mineral during World War II. The most likely source for the material is the formation of manganese nodules, back when this chert was abyssal mud. To impress your friends, be sure to call out, \"Look! Psilomelane!\" when you find some. That's the name of this sooty-looking mixture of manganese oxides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/mheadmang2.jpg\" alt=\"psilomelane\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you still must admire the Golden Gate instead of the rocks, let my colleague Brian Romans show you \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/14/sand-waves-and-the-golden-gate/\">some of the wonderful geology under that impressive strait\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.829 -122.483\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/13980/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_3507","quest_3580","quest_1237","quest_1738","quest_3747","quest_3820"],"featImg":"quest_14006","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. 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Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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