San Francisco Public Utilities CommissionSan Francisco Public Utilities Commission
Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct: Big Fixes for Big Quakes
From Tunnel to Tap: Quake-Proofing Our Water Supply
Reporter's Notes: DIY Rainwater Harvesting
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Why? Because the majority of those voters felt that spending billions of dollars to seismically retrofit and upgrade their water system was worth such an investment, especially when that water, most of which originated as Sierra Nevada snow melt 167 miles to the east, crosses three active faults on its way to Bay Area faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long overdue for an upgrade, much of the Hetch Hetchy water delivery system was built in the 1920s and 1930s, with large swathes of pipelines made of riveted steel that don't perform well during big earthquakes. At a cost of $4.6 billion, paid for by 2.5 million residents in Alameda, Santa Clara, San Mateo and San Francisco counties who rely on a blend of Hetch Hetchy and local reservoir water, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has been installing new pipes and employing state-of-the-art engineering elements designed to withstand, for example, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Hayward fault. Water storage capacity is also being expanded under the \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=114\">Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program\u003c/a>. When the program is completed in 2016, a new tunnel built 100 feet below the San Francisco Bay will carry a steel water pipeline 5 miles from the peninsula to the East Bay. The nearly 90 year-old, earthen Calaveras dam in southern Alameda county will also be replaced, allowing the adjacent reservoir to finally be filled to its original storage capacity of 31 billion gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24626\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills-pipelines.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24626\" title=\"512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills pipelines\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills-pipelines-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cameraman Josiah Hooper and Producer Sheraz Sadiq inside a concrete vault containing two Hetch Hetchy water pipelines.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I was assigned this story, I knew that it would be a challenge to describe key features of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program while also explaining the controversial history of the creation of the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct after San Francisco officials received federal permission in 1913 to flood and dam Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite National Park. Fortunately, my job was made much easier thanks to the assistance provided by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to film the construction activities on several key projects and to interview members of their staff, including General Manager Ed Harrington and the director of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program, Julie Labonte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also helped to find an eloquent historian, \u003ca href=\"http://graybrechin.net/\">Gray Brechin\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley, to share with me the colorful history of Hetch Hetchy. He used to work as a TV Producer at KQED in the '80s, so he knew the importance of delivering concise and engaging soundbites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest and most vocal champion for Hetch Hetchy water was San Francisco Mayor James Phelan, who served from 1897 to 1902. Mayor Phelan hired an official at the USGS who was willing to moonlight on Phelan's behalf and file water rights to stretches of the Tuolumne River which flows through the Hetch Hetchy valley. Other water sources such as the American River, Sacramento River and even Lake Tahoe were also considered, and while they would have been cheaper to divert for the bustling metropolis of San Francisco, they wouldn't provide the quality of drinking water passing through the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetch_Hetchy_Valley\">Hetch Hetchy valley\u003c/a> in Yosemite National Park. Even President Theodore Roosevelt, a pragmatic conservationist who had camped with John Muir in Yosemite and established five national parks during his presidency, sympathized with San Francisco's request for the Sierra water flowing through Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Muir, a Scottish-born naturalist and founder of the Sierra Club, led the fight to save Hetch Hetchy. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, local publications like \u003cem>The Call\u003c/em> pilloried Muir for refusing to go along with the city's plans to dam the valley. But Muir stood firm, writing passionately about the \"cathedral\" of Hetch Hetchy in national publications and trying to rally wealthy East Coast contacts and friends to his cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Phelan left office in 1902, a corruption scandal involving his successor and a series of ineffectual, caretaker mayors didn't help the city's grasp for the waters of Hetch Hetchy. But the tide began to turn with the election of James Rolph Jr. in 1911 and President Woodrow Wilson's appointment of Phelan business associate and attorney, Franklin K. Lane, as Secretary of the Interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1913, Congress passed and President Wilson signed into law the Raker Act which allowed the city to move forward with the construction of the Hetch Hetchy water system. Muir died just a year later, embittered by the loss of his David vs. Goliath struggle to protect the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although we didn't have the resources to visit the reservoir created by the dam at Hetch Hetchy, we were granted rare access inside a new tunnel being adjacent to the Irvington Tunnel. This tunnel transports 95% of the system's water from Sunol to Fremont and it has not been taken out of service for maintenance and repair since 1966. When it's completed in 2014, the nearly 9-foot in diameter new Irvington Tunnel will offer an important level of redundancy to back-up a critical piece of Hetch Hetchy infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24627\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills-roadheader.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24627\" title=\"512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills roadheader\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills-roadheader-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A roadheader inside the New Irvington Tunnel which is being built alongside the old Irvington Tunnel to convey Hetch Hetchy and local reservoir water from Sunol Valley to Fremont.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Redundancy\" is a word that came up quite often during my research into the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program which, in addition to the New Irvington Tunnel, is building other infrastructure to ensure the continued delivery of 265 million gallons of water a day within 24 hours of a major earthquake. Take for example the new Bay Division Pipeline, a fifth regional pipeline that will extend for 21 miles, including a five mile-section bored under the San Francisco Bay that will connect to a seven mile-section of pipe extending from Newark to the New Irvington Tunnel in Fremont. The new 6-foot diameter, welded steel water pipeline will also extend nine miles from Menlo Park across the peninsula in San Mateo county. The last time a regional water pipeline was added to the Hetch Hetchy water system was Bay Division Pipeline #4, built in 1973 to carry water south of the San Francisco Bay alongside another regional pipeline completed 17 years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24628\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills2-trailing-gear.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24628\" title=\"512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills2 trailing gear\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills2-trailing-gear-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two sections of trailing gear located next to the new Bay Tunnel construction site in Menlo Park.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So the overhaul of the Hetch Hetchy system will improve earthquake reliability, in part through redundant, back-up structures like the New Irvington Tunnel and the new Bay Division Pipeline #5. The upgrades to the water system will also boost storage capacity and, according to Julie Labonte and Ed Harrington, will also enable more efficient use of water through enhanced delivery of recycled water or groundwater. Given the likely increase in the Bay Area's population, and the effects of climate change on rainfall and Sierra snowpack levels, making sure the taps continue to flow with Hetch Hetchy water for future generations is a daunting task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also a race against time. A stretch of Hetch Hetchy water pipelines cross the Hayward fault, an active fault which last ruptured in 1868. The past five earthquakes on that fault had intervals of roughly 140 years, so the fault could slip at any time, triggering a massive earthquake in a dense urban corridor. Having water on hand to drink and fight fires will be essential to minimizing the repercussions of a massive, magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Hayward fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since ancient Rome, water has been essential to the growth of cities and the expansion of empires. To paraphrase William Mulholland, the visionary engineer behind the 230-mile Owens Valley aqueduct that serves Los Angeles, \"if we don't get it, we won't need it.\" Indeed, empires may come and go but the need for water will persist. The challenge today, it would seem, is how to continue to meet this need while upgrading these marvels of 20th-century engineering to adapt to a 21st-century landscape of seismic hazards, urban growth and stretches of hot, dry days.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission is hard at work on a $4.6 billion, decade-long construction project to overhaul the Hetch Hetchy water system, which delivers water from the Hetch Hetchy reservoir in Yosemite National Park and five local reservoirs to 2.5 million residents in the Bay Area. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457639914,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":1369},"headData":{"title":"Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct: Big Fixes for Big Quakes | KQED","description":"The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission is hard at work on a $4.6 billion, decade-long construction project to overhaul the Hetch Hetchy water system, which delivers water from the Hetch Hetchy reservoir in Yosemite National Park and five local reservoirs to 2.5 million residents in the Bay Area. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct: Big Fixes for Big Quakes","datePublished":"2011-11-08T19:15:57.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-10T19:58:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"24597 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=24597","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/08/hetch-hetchy-aqueduct-big-fixes-for-big-quakes/","disqusTitle":"Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct: Big Fixes for Big Quakes","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOQqTP2JvDs","path":"/quest/24597/hetch-hetchy-aqueduct-big-fixes-for-big-quakes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2002, San Francisco voters passed a ballot measure that would more than double their water rates by 2016. Why? Because the majority of those voters felt that spending billions of dollars to seismically retrofit and upgrade their water system was worth such an investment, especially when that water, most of which originated as Sierra Nevada snow melt 167 miles to the east, crosses three active faults on its way to Bay Area faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long overdue for an upgrade, much of the Hetch Hetchy water delivery system was built in the 1920s and 1930s, with large swathes of pipelines made of riveted steel that don't perform well during big earthquakes. At a cost of $4.6 billion, paid for by 2.5 million residents in Alameda, Santa Clara, San Mateo and San Francisco counties who rely on a blend of Hetch Hetchy and local reservoir water, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has been installing new pipes and employing state-of-the-art engineering elements designed to withstand, for example, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Hayward fault. Water storage capacity is also being expanded under the \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=114\">Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program\u003c/a>. When the program is completed in 2016, a new tunnel built 100 feet below the San Francisco Bay will carry a steel water pipeline 5 miles from the peninsula to the East Bay. The nearly 90 year-old, earthen Calaveras dam in southern Alameda county will also be replaced, allowing the adjacent reservoir to finally be filled to its original storage capacity of 31 billion gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24626\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills-pipelines.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24626\" title=\"512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills pipelines\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills-pipelines-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cameraman Josiah Hooper and Producer Sheraz Sadiq inside a concrete vault containing two Hetch Hetchy water pipelines.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I was assigned this story, I knew that it would be a challenge to describe key features of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program while also explaining the controversial history of the creation of the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct after San Francisco officials received federal permission in 1913 to flood and dam Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite National Park. Fortunately, my job was made much easier thanks to the assistance provided by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to film the construction activities on several key projects and to interview members of their staff, including General Manager Ed Harrington and the director of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program, Julie Labonte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also helped to find an eloquent historian, \u003ca href=\"http://graybrechin.net/\">Gray Brechin\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley, to share with me the colorful history of Hetch Hetchy. He used to work as a TV Producer at KQED in the '80s, so he knew the importance of delivering concise and engaging soundbites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest and most vocal champion for Hetch Hetchy water was San Francisco Mayor James Phelan, who served from 1897 to 1902. Mayor Phelan hired an official at the USGS who was willing to moonlight on Phelan's behalf and file water rights to stretches of the Tuolumne River which flows through the Hetch Hetchy valley. Other water sources such as the American River, Sacramento River and even Lake Tahoe were also considered, and while they would have been cheaper to divert for the bustling metropolis of San Francisco, they wouldn't provide the quality of drinking water passing through the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetch_Hetchy_Valley\">Hetch Hetchy valley\u003c/a> in Yosemite National Park. Even President Theodore Roosevelt, a pragmatic conservationist who had camped with John Muir in Yosemite and established five national parks during his presidency, sympathized with San Francisco's request for the Sierra water flowing through Hetch Hetchy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Muir, a Scottish-born naturalist and founder of the Sierra Club, led the fight to save Hetch Hetchy. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, local publications like \u003cem>The Call\u003c/em> pilloried Muir for refusing to go along with the city's plans to dam the valley. But Muir stood firm, writing passionately about the \"cathedral\" of Hetch Hetchy in national publications and trying to rally wealthy East Coast contacts and friends to his cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Phelan left office in 1902, a corruption scandal involving his successor and a series of ineffectual, caretaker mayors didn't help the city's grasp for the waters of Hetch Hetchy. But the tide began to turn with the election of James Rolph Jr. in 1911 and President Woodrow Wilson's appointment of Phelan business associate and attorney, Franklin K. Lane, as Secretary of the Interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1913, Congress passed and President Wilson signed into law the Raker Act which allowed the city to move forward with the construction of the Hetch Hetchy water system. Muir died just a year later, embittered by the loss of his David vs. Goliath struggle to protect the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although we didn't have the resources to visit the reservoir created by the dam at Hetch Hetchy, we were granted rare access inside a new tunnel being adjacent to the Irvington Tunnel. This tunnel transports 95% of the system's water from Sunol to Fremont and it has not been taken out of service for maintenance and repair since 1966. When it's completed in 2014, the nearly 9-foot in diameter new Irvington Tunnel will offer an important level of redundancy to back-up a critical piece of Hetch Hetchy infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24627\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills-roadheader.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24627\" title=\"512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills roadheader\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills-roadheader-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A roadheader inside the New Irvington Tunnel which is being built alongside the old Irvington Tunnel to convey Hetch Hetchy and local reservoir water from Sunol Valley to Fremont.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Redundancy\" is a word that came up quite often during my research into the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program which, in addition to the New Irvington Tunnel, is building other infrastructure to ensure the continued delivery of 265 million gallons of water a day within 24 hours of a major earthquake. Take for example the new Bay Division Pipeline, a fifth regional pipeline that will extend for 21 miles, including a five mile-section bored under the San Francisco Bay that will connect to a seven mile-section of pipe extending from Newark to the New Irvington Tunnel in Fremont. The new 6-foot diameter, welded steel water pipeline will also extend nine miles from Menlo Park across the peninsula in San Mateo county. The last time a regional water pipeline was added to the Hetch Hetchy water system was Bay Division Pipeline #4, built in 1973 to carry water south of the San Francisco Bay alongside another regional pipeline completed 17 years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24628\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills2-trailing-gear.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24628\" title=\"512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills2 trailing gear\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/512A_HetchHetchy_ProductionStills2-trailing-gear-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two sections of trailing gear located next to the new Bay Tunnel construction site in Menlo Park.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So the overhaul of the Hetch Hetchy system will improve earthquake reliability, in part through redundant, back-up structures like the New Irvington Tunnel and the new Bay Division Pipeline #5. The upgrades to the water system will also boost storage capacity and, according to Julie Labonte and Ed Harrington, will also enable more efficient use of water through enhanced delivery of recycled water or groundwater. Given the likely increase in the Bay Area's population, and the effects of climate change on rainfall and Sierra snowpack levels, making sure the taps continue to flow with Hetch Hetchy water for future generations is a daunting task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also a race against time. A stretch of Hetch Hetchy water pipelines cross the Hayward fault, an active fault which last ruptured in 1868. The past five earthquakes on that fault had intervals of roughly 140 years, so the fault could slip at any time, triggering a massive earthquake in a dense urban corridor. Having water on hand to drink and fight fires will be essential to minimizing the repercussions of a massive, magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Hayward fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since ancient Rome, water has been essential to the growth of cities and the expansion of empires. To paraphrase William Mulholland, the visionary engineer behind the 230-mile Owens Valley aqueduct that serves Los Angeles, \"if we don't get it, we won't need it.\" Indeed, empires may come and go but the need for water will persist. The challenge today, it would seem, is how to continue to meet this need while upgrading these marvels of 20th-century engineering to adapt to a 21st-century landscape of seismic hazards, urban growth and stretches of hot, dry days.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/24597/hetch-hetchy-aqueduct-big-fixes-for-big-quakes","authors":["6176","10239"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_11","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_909","quest_10181","quest_3608","quest_10180","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2490","quest_2893","quest_10708"],"featImg":"quest_24625","label":"quest"},"quest_22231":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_22231","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"22231","score":null,"sort":[1312574427000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-tunnel-to-tap-quake-proofing-our-water-supply","title":"From Tunnel to Tap: Quake-Proofing Our Water Supply","publishDate":1312574427,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3359,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/08/2011-08-08-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22272\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/hetch640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/hetch640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"tunnel boring machine\" title=\"hetch640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22272\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Next time we see this machine, it'll be on the other side of the Bay, in Newark.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As you head past East Palo Alto, toward the soon-to-be western end of the new Bay tunnel, it is easy to start thinking you're in the wrong place. There's nothing to see, just acres of flat bayside grassland off of Highway 101. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, suddenly, there it is: a big, deep hole in the ground. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What looks like a round elevator shaft the width of a five-lane freeway is the start of \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/bids/projectDetail.aspx?prj_id=259\">a tunnel\u003c/a> that will, eventually, stretch five miles across the Bay. Bob Mues, like a lot of people here, says it’s one of the most exciting engineering projects he’s ever worked on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like me, he’s wearing a hard hat, neon vest, and safety glasses. \u003ci>(See them for yourself in the slide show farther down on this page.)\u003c/i> He’s a construction manager for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which is running this project. Mues says this is the first tunnel \u003ci>ever\u003c/i> dug beneath the bay, despite what many BART riders may believe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was around when we built the BART tunnel,\" he says. \"The BART tunnel is a sunken tube.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>(Scroll down to the bottom of this page to see an amazing 1940 silent film about Hetch Hetchy's construction -- a colossal undertaking at the time -- starring the ever-thirsty \"Miss San Francisco.\" A few highlights: a 28.5 mile tunnel \"the longest ever driven by man,\" workers being searched for tobacco before they enter the mine... probably a good idea when you're working with explosives, and the moment, on October 28, 1943, when the first trickle of water from Hetchy Hetchy reached the Peninsula.)\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mues points to the bottom of the shaft, to a white steel cylinder the size of a school bus, with a red tip. This is the star of the show, a state-of-the-art tunnel boring machine, arrived from Japan in May. To picture how it works, think about a circular cheese grater. The kind where you crank the wheel, and grated cheese falls out the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the machine does more than just dig. Mues says it functions like an underground factory. \"The machine eats dirt, and extrudes finished concrete pipe in 5-foot lengths,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that discarded dirt (with a consistency like potters' clay, Mues says) will ooze out past the drill and onto conveyor belts that snake back through the tunnel, to Palo Alto. From there, it'll be trucked to Bair Island, near Redwood City, where it'll be used for \u003ca href=\"http://www.redwoodcity.org/manager/news/2007/bair-restoration.html\">wetland restoration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the next time anyone sees the drill, it’ll be on the other side of the Bay, in Newark. Mues says tunnel construction will take about 23 months. On average, that's 50 feet of tunnel a day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hetch Hetchy's Overhaul\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay tunnel is just one part of a \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=114\">vast overhaul of the Hetch Hetchy system\u003c/a>, which carries water 167 miles from the Tuolumne River, near Yosemite, to Bay Area taps. There are \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/bids/projectList.aspx\">81 projects in all\u003c/a>: pipes, water treatment centers, dams, reservoirs, all replaced or retrofitted with stronger, more durable parts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All together, these projects will cost 4.6 billion dollars, and if you drink Hetch Hetchy water, you’re helping pay for it, thanks to a ballot measure that voters approved in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it seems surprising, especially in this current budget climate, that Hetch Hetchy customers would have approved such an expensive project, one that essentially doubles many customers’ water bills (at a time when water systems seemed to be working just fine), consider what was then still a recent memory: Loma Prieta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really, 1989 was a catalyst,\" says David Schwartz, an earthquake geologist with the United States Geological Survey. \"It told everyone 'Hey, wake up Bay Area. You know, we’ve gone a long time, since 1906 with nothing happening, but we have big quakes in our future.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz and other geologists believe the next big quake is likely to come from the Hayward Fault, which runs through Berkeley and Oakland. Carbon dating shows that over the last 1700 years, the Hayward Fault has erupted approximately once every 140 years. The last major quake on it was in 1868, 143 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So certainly in the next couple decades we really expect to see a 6.8 or a 6.9, maybe a 7 on the Hayward Fault,\" says Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/hetchhetchy_radio_slideshow/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x423\" width=\"640\" height=\"423\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learning from Earthquakes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All earthquakes are wake-up calls. Take the 1906 quake, which rendered San Francisco, and its fire stations, virtually without water for days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Essentially the entire city burned down,\" says Julie Labonte. She's a civil engineer tasked with overseeing all 81 projects of the Water System Improvement Program, as it's called. Labonte says after 1906, city officials vowed never to let the city burn again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s when city officials went to the Department of the Interior, to petition for the rights to water on the Hetch Hetchy Valley,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision -- to build a dam in Yosemite -- sparked \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/\">a bitter battle\u003c/a> with the Sierra Club. Some environmentalists still want the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hetchhetchy.org/\">dam torn down\u003c/a>. But today, Hetch Hetchy supplies 90 percent of the water to San Francisco and Penninsula residents. It’s some of the cleanest water in the country. The 1906 earthquake is what got the system built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers at the Bay tunnel hope they can get it done before the next big quake hits. The tunnel is designed to last a century. It’s projected to cost $313 million and be complete by 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"640\" height=\"390\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/pSzgwjc8CeE&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowScriptAccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/pSzgwjc8CeE&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" width=\"640\" height=\"390\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Bay Area's vast Hetchy Hetchy system, \"a dream in granite, concrete, and steel,\" is getting an overhaul. The system carries water 167 miles from Yosemite to Bay Area taps; pretty soon that voyage will include the Bay's first true tunnel. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370997185,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/hetchhetchy_radio_slideshow/_files/iframe.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":972},"headData":{"title":"From Tunnel to Tap: Quake-Proofing Our Water Supply | KQED","description":"The Bay Area's vast Hetchy Hetchy system, "a dream in granite, concrete, and steel," is getting an overhaul. The system carries water 167 miles from Yosemite to Bay Area taps; pretty soon that voyage will include the Bay's first true tunnel. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"From Tunnel to Tap: Quake-Proofing Our Water Supply","datePublished":"2011-08-05T20:00:27.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T00:33:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"22231 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=22231","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/05/from-tunnel-to-tap-quake-proofing-our-water-supply/","disqusTitle":"From Tunnel to Tap: Quake-Proofing Our Water Supply","path":"/quest/22231/from-tunnel-to-tap-quake-proofing-our-water-supply","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/08/2011-08-08-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/08/2011-08-08-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22272\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/hetch640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/hetch640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"tunnel boring machine\" title=\"hetch640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22272\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Next time we see this machine, it'll be on the other side of the Bay, in Newark.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As you head past East Palo Alto, toward the soon-to-be western end of the new Bay tunnel, it is easy to start thinking you're in the wrong place. There's nothing to see, just acres of flat bayside grassland off of Highway 101. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, suddenly, there it is: a big, deep hole in the ground. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What looks like a round elevator shaft the width of a five-lane freeway is the start of \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/bids/projectDetail.aspx?prj_id=259\">a tunnel\u003c/a> that will, eventually, stretch five miles across the Bay. Bob Mues, like a lot of people here, says it’s one of the most exciting engineering projects he’s ever worked on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like me, he’s wearing a hard hat, neon vest, and safety glasses. \u003ci>(See them for yourself in the slide show farther down on this page.)\u003c/i> He’s a construction manager for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which is running this project. Mues says this is the first tunnel \u003ci>ever\u003c/i> dug beneath the bay, despite what many BART riders may believe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was around when we built the BART tunnel,\" he says. \"The BART tunnel is a sunken tube.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>(Scroll down to the bottom of this page to see an amazing 1940 silent film about Hetch Hetchy's construction -- a colossal undertaking at the time -- starring the ever-thirsty \"Miss San Francisco.\" A few highlights: a 28.5 mile tunnel \"the longest ever driven by man,\" workers being searched for tobacco before they enter the mine... probably a good idea when you're working with explosives, and the moment, on October 28, 1943, when the first trickle of water from Hetchy Hetchy reached the Peninsula.)\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mues points to the bottom of the shaft, to a white steel cylinder the size of a school bus, with a red tip. This is the star of the show, a state-of-the-art tunnel boring machine, arrived from Japan in May. To picture how it works, think about a circular cheese grater. The kind where you crank the wheel, and grated cheese falls out the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the machine does more than just dig. Mues says it functions like an underground factory. \"The machine eats dirt, and extrudes finished concrete pipe in 5-foot lengths,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that discarded dirt (with a consistency like potters' clay, Mues says) will ooze out past the drill and onto conveyor belts that snake back through the tunnel, to Palo Alto. From there, it'll be trucked to Bair Island, near Redwood City, where it'll be used for \u003ca href=\"http://www.redwoodcity.org/manager/news/2007/bair-restoration.html\">wetland restoration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the next time anyone sees the drill, it’ll be on the other side of the Bay, in Newark. Mues says tunnel construction will take about 23 months. On average, that's 50 feet of tunnel a day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hetch Hetchy's Overhaul\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay tunnel is just one part of a \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=114\">vast overhaul of the Hetch Hetchy system\u003c/a>, which carries water 167 miles from the Tuolumne River, near Yosemite, to Bay Area taps. There are \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/bids/projectList.aspx\">81 projects in all\u003c/a>: pipes, water treatment centers, dams, reservoirs, all replaced or retrofitted with stronger, more durable parts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All together, these projects will cost 4.6 billion dollars, and if you drink Hetch Hetchy water, you’re helping pay for it, thanks to a ballot measure that voters approved in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it seems surprising, especially in this current budget climate, that Hetch Hetchy customers would have approved such an expensive project, one that essentially doubles many customers’ water bills (at a time when water systems seemed to be working just fine), consider what was then still a recent memory: Loma Prieta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really, 1989 was a catalyst,\" says David Schwartz, an earthquake geologist with the United States Geological Survey. \"It told everyone 'Hey, wake up Bay Area. You know, we’ve gone a long time, since 1906 with nothing happening, but we have big quakes in our future.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz and other geologists believe the next big quake is likely to come from the Hayward Fault, which runs through Berkeley and Oakland. Carbon dating shows that over the last 1700 years, the Hayward Fault has erupted approximately once every 140 years. The last major quake on it was in 1868, 143 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So certainly in the next couple decades we really expect to see a 6.8 or a 6.9, maybe a 7 on the Hayward Fault,\" says Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/hetchhetchy_radio_slideshow/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x423\" width=\"640\" height=\"423\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learning from Earthquakes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All earthquakes are wake-up calls. Take the 1906 quake, which rendered San Francisco, and its fire stations, virtually without water for days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Essentially the entire city burned down,\" says Julie Labonte. She's a civil engineer tasked with overseeing all 81 projects of the Water System Improvement Program, as it's called. Labonte says after 1906, city officials vowed never to let the city burn again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s when city officials went to the Department of the Interior, to petition for the rights to water on the Hetch Hetchy Valley,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision -- to build a dam in Yosemite -- sparked \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraclub.org/ca/hetchhetchy/\">a bitter battle\u003c/a> with the Sierra Club. Some environmentalists still want the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hetchhetchy.org/\">dam torn down\u003c/a>. But today, Hetch Hetchy supplies 90 percent of the water to San Francisco and Penninsula residents. It’s some of the cleanest water in the country. The 1906 earthquake is what got the system built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers at the Bay tunnel hope they can get it done before the next big quake hits. The tunnel is designed to last a century. It’s projected to cost $313 million and be complete by 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"640\" height=\"390\">\u003cparam name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/pSzgwjc8CeE&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowScriptAccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cembed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/pSzgwjc8CeE&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" width=\"640\" height=\"390\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/22231/from-tunnel-to-tap-quake-proofing-our-water-supply","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_9961","quest_9962","quest_3608","quest_9960","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_2490","quest_3321","quest_9958","quest_9959"],"collections":["quest_3359"],"featImg":"quest_22272","label":"quest_3359"},"quest_4550":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_4550","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"4550","score":null,"sort":[1260558016000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-rain-harvesting-is-it-all-wet","title":"Reporter's Notes: DIY Rainwater Harvesting","publishDate":1260558016,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/rain-harvesting--is-it-all-wet\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/12/radio4-9_rainharvestblog300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>In a backyard in Santa Rosa, three 1550-gallon holding tanks store rainwater.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If you're hoping to catch some rain yourself this winter in the Bay Area, you shouldn't have any problems with supply. There's likely to be plenty of water gushing off your roof, since even small ones shed thousands of gallons over the course of a typical rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A really good rule of thumb is that if you have 1,000-square-foot surface, and you get an inch of rain on it, it will yield about 600 gallons of rainwater,\" explains Sarah Minick, a storm water planner for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. \"We get about 20 inches of rain a year in San Francisco. That equals out to about 12,000 gallons for just 1,000 square feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, residents can purchase barrels that are already fully assembled at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanfarmerstore.com/rainharvest/rainharvest.html\">Urban Farmer\u003c/a> store on Vincente at a discount. The first 60-gallon barrel is $89, $30 off the $119 price, and the next barrel is $50 off. Residents can buy up to 10 discounted barrels through the program. In Santa Rosa, the city pays residents and businesses a \u003ca href=\"http://ci.santa-rosa.ca.us/departments/utilities/conserve/Pages/RainwaterHarvesting.aspx\">25-cent rebate per gallon of rainwater storage\u003c/a> with some restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To really save cash, enterprising do-it-yourselfers make their own barrels. \"We know of some people who have systems that have over 20 barrels linked together, and they accomplish that for under $200 by doing it themselves,\" says Minick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're planning on making your own barrel, don't forget the mosquito netting or screen, and be sure to have a hand saw and a drill handy. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission offers detailed\u003cbr>\ninstructions, and guidelines for putting together a multi-barrel, daisy chain system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, you can take your cues from Charlie Chaplain in this instructional YouTube video, also put out by the SFPUC:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"425\" height=\"344\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowScriptAccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/xKE_ODEsp5E&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&fs=1\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cembed width=\"425\" height=\"344\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/xKE_ODEsp5E&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&fs=1\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Permit requirements for rainwater harvesting vary by city, and by rainwater system. If you want to use the water indoors, for toilet flushing or clothes-washing, linking to your plumbing will require a permit, which may be hard to get, depending on where you live. For the simplest systems that make use of the water outdoors, you may not need any permit at all. Check with your local building inspectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some gardeners are drawn to storing rainwater not only for water conservation, but also because they believe it will be better for their plants than tap water. But the purity of the rainwater you harvest depends on the condition of your roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is true that rainwater is an extremely pure source of water when it's in the sky, but as soon as it hits a surface, the surface will change the quality of the water,\" says Minick. \"If clean rainwater, hits a dirty roof it will mobilize any pollutants or debris that's on your roof. For people who are practicing rainwater harvesting, it's important to sweep off your roof and have a filter at the downspout.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/12/11/reporters-notes-rain-harvesting-is-it-all-wet/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/rain-harvesting--is-it-all-wet\">Listen to Rain Harvesting – Is It All Wet?\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>38.437957 -122.711229\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you're hoping to catch some rain yourself this winter in the Bay\r\nArea, you shouldn't have any problems with supply. There's likely to\r\nbe plenty of water gushing off your roof, since even small ones shed\r\nthousands of gallons over the course of a typical rainy season.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443830433,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":527},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: DIY Rainwater Harvesting | KQED","description":"If you're hoping to catch some rain yourself this winter in the Bay\r\nArea, you shouldn't have any problems with supply. There's likely to\r\nbe plenty of water gushing off your roof, since even small ones shed\r\nthousands of gallons over the course of a typical rainy season.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: DIY Rainwater Harvesting","datePublished":"2009-12-11T19:00:16.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-03T00:00:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"4550 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=4550","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/12/11/reporters-notes-rain-harvesting-is-it-all-wet/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: DIY Rainwater Harvesting","path":"/quest/4550/reporters-notes-rain-harvesting-is-it-all-wet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/rain-harvesting--is-it-all-wet\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/12/radio4-9_rainharvestblog300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>In a backyard in Santa Rosa, three 1550-gallon holding tanks store rainwater.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If you're hoping to catch some rain yourself this winter in the Bay Area, you shouldn't have any problems with supply. There's likely to be plenty of water gushing off your roof, since even small ones shed thousands of gallons over the course of a typical rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A really good rule of thumb is that if you have 1,000-square-foot surface, and you get an inch of rain on it, it will yield about 600 gallons of rainwater,\" explains Sarah Minick, a storm water planner for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. \"We get about 20 inches of rain a year in San Francisco. That equals out to about 12,000 gallons for just 1,000 square feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, residents can purchase barrels that are already fully assembled at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.urbanfarmerstore.com/rainharvest/rainharvest.html\">Urban Farmer\u003c/a> store on Vincente at a discount. The first 60-gallon barrel is $89, $30 off the $119 price, and the next barrel is $50 off. Residents can buy up to 10 discounted barrels through the program. In Santa Rosa, the city pays residents and businesses a \u003ca href=\"http://ci.santa-rosa.ca.us/departments/utilities/conserve/Pages/RainwaterHarvesting.aspx\">25-cent rebate per gallon of rainwater storage\u003c/a> with some restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To really save cash, enterprising do-it-yourselfers make their own barrels. \"We know of some people who have systems that have over 20 barrels linked together, and they accomplish that for under $200 by doing it themselves,\" says Minick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're planning on making your own barrel, don't forget the mosquito netting or screen, and be sure to have a hand saw and a drill handy. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission offers detailed\u003cbr>\ninstructions, and guidelines for putting together a multi-barrel, daisy chain system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, you can take your cues from Charlie Chaplain in this instructional YouTube video, also put out by the SFPUC:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"425\" height=\"344\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowScriptAccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/xKE_ODEsp5E&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&fs=1\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cembed width=\"425\" height=\"344\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/xKE_ODEsp5E&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&fs=1\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Permit requirements for rainwater harvesting vary by city, and by rainwater system. If you want to use the water indoors, for toilet flushing or clothes-washing, linking to your plumbing will require a permit, which may be hard to get, depending on where you live. For the simplest systems that make use of the water outdoors, you may not need any permit at all. Check with your local building inspectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some gardeners are drawn to storing rainwater not only for water conservation, but also because they believe it will be better for their plants than tap water. But the purity of the rainwater you harvest depends on the condition of your roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is true that rainwater is an extremely pure source of water when it's in the sky, but as soon as it hits a surface, the surface will change the quality of the water,\" says Minick. \"If clean rainwater, hits a dirty roof it will mobilize any pollutants or debris that's on your roof. For people who are practicing rainwater harvesting, it's important to sweep off your roof and have a filter at the downspout.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/12/11/reporters-notes-rain-harvesting-is-it-all-wet/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/rain-harvesting--is-it-all-wet\">Listen to Rain Harvesting – Is It All Wet?\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>38.437957 -122.711229\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/4550/reporters-notes-rain-harvesting-is-it-all-wet","authors":["10210"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_1433","quest_2364","quest_2490","quest_2508"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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