Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast
The Good and Not-So-Good News About California Salmon
Side Trips from Interstate 5: Sutter Buttes
Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar
The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy
Geologic Context and History of the San Joaquin River
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Sharol enjoys connecting people to nature with articles in local newspapers and online forums.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/sharolembry/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sharol Nelson-Embry | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sharolembry"},"brian-romans":{"type":"authors","id":"10171","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10171","found":true},"name":"Brian Romans","firstName":"Brian","lastName":"Romans","slug":"brian-romans","email":"romansbrian@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Brian Romans is the author the popular geoscience blog Clastic Detritus where he writes about topics in the field of sedimentary and marine geology and shares photographs of geologic field work from around the world. He is fascinated by the dynamic processes that shape our planet and the science of reconstructing ancient landscapes preserved in the geologic record. Brian came to the Bay Area in 2003 and completed a Ph.D. in geology at Stanford University in 2008. He lives in Berkeley with his wife, a high school science teacher, and is currently working as a research scientist in the energy industry. Follow him on \u003ca href=\"http://www.twitter.com/clasticdetritus\">Twitter\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Brian Romans | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/brian-romans"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_43059":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_43059","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"43059","score":null,"sort":[1346425222000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast","title":"Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast","publishDate":1346425222,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/bayareausgs-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43075\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43075 \" title=\"Bay Area USGS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/BayareaUSGS1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area from Space photo by United States Geological Surveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SF_Bay_area_USGS.jpg \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents and visitors don’t realize the extent of our estuary’s connection outside of the Bay Area. It's the largest estuary on the West Coast of North America fed by ocean tides and tendrils of fresh water stretching east to the Sierras and north nearly to the Oregon border. Envisioning the \u003ca title=\"Bay Conservation and Development Commission website\" href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/bay_estuary.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">watershed of San Francisco Bay\u003c/a> is like constructing nesting dolls out of the landscape. Small watersheds are formed by creeks and drainages surrounding the bay, delivering surface runoff from the land and streets to the estuary. Larger creeks, like Coyote Creek, Alameda Creek, and the Napa River form larger watersheds that incorporate the small creeks. But our estuary also drains a much larger land mass. The delta brings water to the bay from nearly half of our state from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. Take the \u003ca title=\"US EPA website of the SF Bay-Delta\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/sfbaydelta/\" target=\"_blank\">virtual tour of the bay’s watershed\u003c/a> in this interactive website from the Environmental Protection Agency. You can \"fly\" along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers to their headwaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1140/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43078\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43078\" title=\"Sierra Waterflow\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1140-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra waterflow\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week I made my annual summer pilgrimage to the granite backbone of our state and a campsite at Lake Tahoe. As I floated down the Truckee River (which doesn’t empty into San Francisco Bay, but impressively drains water that may have been impounded for over 700 years in Lake Tahoe), I pondered the journey of Sierra water through the watershed. You might picture a drop of water falling on the rugged western Sierra slopes and trace its path from the high mountains into a clear, cold creek. The creek flows downhill and joins others, eventually reaching larger streams and rivers. Complex ecosystems are formed along the way. Mayfly and caddisfly larvae in the creeks feed trout. The water permeates the banks creating riparian habitats with willows and alders supporting nesting habitat for migratory songbirds from the tropics to raise their young. The water picks up nutrients from the creekbed as it travels downhill. Along the way, some of the water is dammed to provide the thirsty communities of the Bay Area with drinking water. The Calaveras Dam brings Sierra water from the Mokelumne River to \u003ca title=\"East Bay Municipal Utilties District website\" href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/our-water/water-supply\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay MUD\u003c/a> water recipients while the Hetch Hetchy water is delivered to \u003ca title=\"SF Public Utilties Commission website\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=200\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a>. The mighty Sacramento River wends through the valley and past the State Capitol, watering farmlands along the way. Its headwaters are in the Cascade Mountains north of Redding, but many other tributaries, including the American and Yuba rivers add to its flow. Further south, the creeks feed into the San Joaquin River which meets the Sacramento River at the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1185/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43079\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43079\" title=\"Floating\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1185-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floating through the watershed\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The health of our mountains and the ecosystems between here and there are vital to the health of our bay. Climate change, pollution and invasive species take a toll throughout the watershed. It’s important that we each do what we can to take care of our land. The land will reward us with a bounty of water to drink, food to eat and places to recreate and restore our weary urban souls. You can celebrate our amazing bay and learn more about it at the \u003ca title=\"Saving the Bay website\" href=\"http://www.savingthebay.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Saving the Bay\u003c/a> website with an award-winning, local film (portions of the video are available as well as lesson plans for teachers on the website). Don't forget \u003ca title=\"CA Coastal Cleanup Day website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\" target=\"_blank\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a> coming up the third Saturday of September, too, where you can make a difference in your neighborhood or along the bay shoreline picking up trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San Francisco Bay's watershed extends to the Sierras. Ponder the waterways of the largest estuary in western North America.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366750286,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":627},"headData":{"title":"Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast | KQED","description":"San Francisco Bay's watershed extends to the Sierras. Ponder the waterways of the largest estuary in western North America.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast","datePublished":"2012-08-31T15:00:22.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T20:51:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"43059 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=43059","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/","disqusTitle":"Waterways of the Largest Estuary on the West Coast","path":"/quest/43059/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/bayareausgs-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43075\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43075 \" title=\"Bay Area USGS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/BayareaUSGS1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area from Space photo by United States Geological Surveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SF_Bay_area_USGS.jpg \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents and visitors don’t realize the extent of our estuary’s connection outside of the Bay Area. It's the largest estuary on the West Coast of North America fed by ocean tides and tendrils of fresh water stretching east to the Sierras and north nearly to the Oregon border. Envisioning the \u003ca title=\"Bay Conservation and Development Commission website\" href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/bay_estuary.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">watershed of San Francisco Bay\u003c/a> is like constructing nesting dolls out of the landscape. Small watersheds are formed by creeks and drainages surrounding the bay, delivering surface runoff from the land and streets to the estuary. Larger creeks, like Coyote Creek, Alameda Creek, and the Napa River form larger watersheds that incorporate the small creeks. But our estuary also drains a much larger land mass. The delta brings water to the bay from nearly half of our state from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. Take the \u003ca title=\"US EPA website of the SF Bay-Delta\" href=\"http://www.epa.gov/sfbaydelta/\" target=\"_blank\">virtual tour of the bay’s watershed\u003c/a> in this interactive website from the Environmental Protection Agency. You can \"fly\" along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers to their headwaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1140/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43078\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43078\" title=\"Sierra Waterflow\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1140-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra waterflow\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week I made my annual summer pilgrimage to the granite backbone of our state and a campsite at Lake Tahoe. As I floated down the Truckee River (which doesn’t empty into San Francisco Bay, but impressively drains water that may have been impounded for over 700 years in Lake Tahoe), I pondered the journey of Sierra water through the watershed. You might picture a drop of water falling on the rugged western Sierra slopes and trace its path from the high mountains into a clear, cold creek. The creek flows downhill and joins others, eventually reaching larger streams and rivers. Complex ecosystems are formed along the way. Mayfly and caddisfly larvae in the creeks feed trout. The water permeates the banks creating riparian habitats with willows and alders supporting nesting habitat for migratory songbirds from the tropics to raise their young. The water picks up nutrients from the creekbed as it travels downhill. Along the way, some of the water is dammed to provide the thirsty communities of the Bay Area with drinking water. The Calaveras Dam brings Sierra water from the Mokelumne River to \u003ca title=\"East Bay Municipal Utilties District website\" href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/our-water/water-supply\" target=\"_blank\">East Bay MUD\u003c/a> water recipients while the Hetch Hetchy water is delivered to \u003ca title=\"SF Public Utilties Commission website\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=200\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco\u003c/a>. The mighty Sacramento River wends through the valley and past the State Capitol, watering farmlands along the way. Its headwaters are in the Cascade Mountains north of Redding, but many other tributaries, including the American and Yuba rivers add to its flow. Further south, the creeks feed into the San Joaquin River which meets the Sacramento River at the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43079\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/31/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast/dscf1185/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-43079\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-43079\" title=\"Floating\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/DSCF1185-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floating through the watershed\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The health of our mountains and the ecosystems between here and there are vital to the health of our bay. Climate change, pollution and invasive species take a toll throughout the watershed. It’s important that we each do what we can to take care of our land. The land will reward us with a bounty of water to drink, food to eat and places to recreate and restore our weary urban souls. You can celebrate our amazing bay and learn more about it at the \u003ca title=\"Saving the Bay website\" href=\"http://www.savingthebay.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Saving the Bay\u003c/a> website with an award-winning, local film (portions of the video are available as well as lesson plans for teachers on the website). Don't forget \u003ca title=\"CA Coastal Cleanup Day website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/ccd/ccd2.html\" target=\"_blank\">Coastal Cleanup Day\u003c/a> coming up the third Saturday of September, too, where you can make a difference in your neighborhood or along the bay shoreline picking up trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/43059/waterways-of-the-largest-estuary-on-the-west-coast","authors":["6328"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_3310","quest_3307","quest_13202","quest_2473","quest_2487","quest_33","quest_3121"],"featImg":"quest_43078","label":"quest"},"quest_37649":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_37649","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"37649","score":null,"sort":[1336755623000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon","title":"The Good and Not-So-Good News About California Salmon","publishDate":1336755623,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11058,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37679\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37679\" title=\"Chinook salmon\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg\" alt=\"Chinook salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON-400x227.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook salmon, Feather River Hatchery, Oroville. Credit: Dan Brekke\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of dire tidings, the news this year about California's chinook salmon all sounds good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal fisheries biologists have predicted big numbers of Sacramento River fall run chinook--the state's biggest, most commercially important salmon fishery--and the biggest population of Klamath River fall-run fish in memory. The California Salmon Council, a commercial fishermen's group, \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/dailydish/2012/05/california-salmon-start-their-comeback.html\">forecasts a harvest\u003c/a> of 3 million pounds this year. That's triple last year's take and represents a comeback from the Great Salmon Crash of '08-'09, when the sudden collapse of the Sacramento fall run forced state and federal officials to shut down salmon fishing two years in a row. Salmon fishermen who barely hung on through the crash, along with those who sell them gear and supplies and process and market their catch, can look forward to something like a prosperous season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the rest of us, the civilian salmon lovers? Victor Gonella, who heads the Golden Gate Salmon Association, \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/2012/03/08/ggsa-announcement-welcome-2012-salmon-season/\">promised in March\u003c/a> that \"consumers can look forward to some of the best food on earth--wild salmon, coming to a dinner plate near them soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that all sounds good. But here's the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37714\" title=\"Salmon2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Salmon21-287x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A declining catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with that commercial harvest number. We won't really know until later this year how the season turns out, but that 3 million-pound catch is only impressive next to the recent string of disastrous salmon years. The forecast for this year is nearly one-third lower than the average yearly harvest for the decade before the crash. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/commercial/landings/annual_landings.html\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> data shows the catch has been slowly dwindling since 1950, with a more rapid decline starting in the late 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nothing prepared fishing communities, scientists, or interested onlookers for the population crash that took place in 2008. Everyone would still like to know why it happened. Scientists have studied factors from water pollution to a big bridge project in the Carquinez Strait--did construction noise harm out-migrating juvenile salmon?--without identifying a single factor. The consensus is that circumstances ranging from poor ocean feeding conditions to water diversions from the Delta played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is a mystery with an answer hiding in plain sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From abundance to scarcity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once, salmon returned by the millions each year to the Bay, the Delta, and the rivers and streams in the Central Valley. Napa Valley pioneer George C. Yount recalled the region between San Pablo Bay and Sutter's Fort (in present-day Sacramento) as one where \"the Rivers were literally crouded [sic] with salmon.\" And there's plenty of pioneer testimony that echoes that description.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What changed? Just everything, starting with the Gold Rush, which brought forth fabulous wealth and wrought unimaginable environmental destruction to salmon streams. And then dams, cities, farms, and industry. In a word: Us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37728\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37728\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37728\" title=\"SALMON3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even some efforts to preserve commercial chinook salmon populations may be hurting rather than helping the fish. When the Sacramento River fall-run chinook population collapsed a few years ago, it happened despite a long and aggressive effort to use hatcheries to replace spawning streams destroyed by dams, logging, and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heroic effort to improve on nature—even trucking baby hatchery fish downriver so they can avoid predators, polluted water, and Delta pumps—could be exacting a toll on the long-term fate of the run. Some biologists believe that the combination of habitat loss and hatchery production has essentially wiped out the last truly wild Sacramento Valley fall-run chinook. Worse, the surviving hatchery stock lacks the genetic variety of wild fish and could be more vulnerable to changes in ocean conditions or disease--and thus more prone to collapses like the crash of '08-'09.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The outlook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there anything hopeful about the salmon's story in California? There is. Over the past twenty years, government and resource managers have taken the first steps to restoring both water and habitat for chinook salmon. One of the most publicized actions—a limit on pumping from the Delta at certain times of year to protect threatened salmon and other species. That action was prompted by an environmental lawsuit, and it prompted a wave of lawsuits from farm and city water users south of the Delta. Outside of court, both the state and federal governments are working on plans that are supposed to restore the Delta and its species while delivering the water that farms and cities expect. Doing that will take a lot of money and determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chinook can't help with the cash, but they may provide a lesson about persistence. As a species, they are the product of millions of years of evolution. The few wild fish still out there have been doing what they do, sometimes climbing thousands of vertical feet out of the Central Valley to their home streams, for a very long time. They are engineered to deal with disasters on their home streams and famine at sea. Given half a chance, they not only survive, but thrive. Fortunately or unfortunately for them, they now depend on us for that chance.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Given half a chance, salmon can not only survive, but thrive. Fortunately or unfortunately for them, they now depend on us for that chance.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366749180,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":881},"headData":{"title":"The Good and Not-So-Good News About California Salmon | KQED","description":"Given half a chance, salmon can not only survive, but thrive. Fortunately or unfortunately for them, they now depend on us for that chance.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Good and Not-So-Good News About California Salmon","datePublished":"2012-05-11T17:00:23.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T20:33:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"37649 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=37649","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/","disqusTitle":"The Good and Not-So-Good News About California Salmon","path":"/quest/37649/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37679\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37679\" title=\"Chinook salmon\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg\" alt=\"Chinook salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON-400x227.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook salmon, Feather River Hatchery, Oroville. Credit: Dan Brekke\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of dire tidings, the news this year about California's chinook salmon all sounds good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal fisheries biologists have predicted big numbers of Sacramento River fall run chinook--the state's biggest, most commercially important salmon fishery--and the biggest population of Klamath River fall-run fish in memory. The California Salmon Council, a commercial fishermen's group, \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/dailydish/2012/05/california-salmon-start-their-comeback.html\">forecasts a harvest\u003c/a> of 3 million pounds this year. That's triple last year's take and represents a comeback from the Great Salmon Crash of '08-'09, when the sudden collapse of the Sacramento fall run forced state and federal officials to shut down salmon fishing two years in a row. Salmon fishermen who barely hung on through the crash, along with those who sell them gear and supplies and process and market their catch, can look forward to something like a prosperous season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the rest of us, the civilian salmon lovers? Victor Gonella, who heads the Golden Gate Salmon Association, \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/2012/03/08/ggsa-announcement-welcome-2012-salmon-season/\">promised in March\u003c/a> that \"consumers can look forward to some of the best food on earth--wild salmon, coming to a dinner plate near them soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that all sounds good. But here's the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37714\" title=\"Salmon2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Salmon21-287x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A declining catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with that commercial harvest number. We won't really know until later this year how the season turns out, but that 3 million-pound catch is only impressive next to the recent string of disastrous salmon years. The forecast for this year is nearly one-third lower than the average yearly harvest for the decade before the crash. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/commercial/landings/annual_landings.html\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> data shows the catch has been slowly dwindling since 1950, with a more rapid decline starting in the late 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nothing prepared fishing communities, scientists, or interested onlookers for the population crash that took place in 2008. Everyone would still like to know why it happened. Scientists have studied factors from water pollution to a big bridge project in the Carquinez Strait--did construction noise harm out-migrating juvenile salmon?--without identifying a single factor. The consensus is that circumstances ranging from poor ocean feeding conditions to water diversions from the Delta played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is a mystery with an answer hiding in plain sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From abundance to scarcity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once, salmon returned by the millions each year to the Bay, the Delta, and the rivers and streams in the Central Valley. Napa Valley pioneer George C. Yount recalled the region between San Pablo Bay and Sutter's Fort (in present-day Sacramento) as one where \"the Rivers were literally crouded [sic] with salmon.\" And there's plenty of pioneer testimony that echoes that description.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What changed? Just everything, starting with the Gold Rush, which brought forth fabulous wealth and wrought unimaginable environmental destruction to salmon streams. And then dams, cities, farms, and industry. In a word: Us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37728\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37728\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37728\" title=\"SALMON3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even some efforts to preserve commercial chinook salmon populations may be hurting rather than helping the fish. When the Sacramento River fall-run chinook population collapsed a few years ago, it happened despite a long and aggressive effort to use hatcheries to replace spawning streams destroyed by dams, logging, and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heroic effort to improve on nature—even trucking baby hatchery fish downriver so they can avoid predators, polluted water, and Delta pumps—could be exacting a toll on the long-term fate of the run. Some biologists believe that the combination of habitat loss and hatchery production has essentially wiped out the last truly wild Sacramento Valley fall-run chinook. Worse, the surviving hatchery stock lacks the genetic variety of wild fish and could be more vulnerable to changes in ocean conditions or disease--and thus more prone to collapses like the crash of '08-'09.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The outlook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there anything hopeful about the salmon's story in California? There is. Over the past twenty years, government and resource managers have taken the first steps to restoring both water and habitat for chinook salmon. One of the most publicized actions—a limit on pumping from the Delta at certain times of year to protect threatened salmon and other species. That action was prompted by an environmental lawsuit, and it prompted a wave of lawsuits from farm and city water users south of the Delta. Outside of court, both the state and federal governments are working on plans that are supposed to restore the Delta and its species while delivering the water that farms and cities expect. Doing that will take a lot of money and determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chinook can't help with the cash, but they may provide a lesson about persistence. As a species, they are the product of millions of years of evolution. The few wild fish still out there have been doing what they do, sometimes climbing thousands of vertical feet out of the Central Valley to their home streams, for a very long time. They are engineered to deal with disasters on their home streams and famine at sea. Given half a chance, they not only survive, but thrive. Fortunately or unfortunately for them, they now depend on us for that chance.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/37649/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon","authors":["10212"],"series":["quest_11058"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_9757","quest_797","quest_13202","quest_2473","quest_2477","quest_11090","quest_13364"],"collections":["quest_3358"],"featImg":"quest_37679","label":"quest_11058"},"quest_36069":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_36069","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"36069","score":null,"sort":[1335466732000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes","title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Sutter Buttes","publishDate":1335466732,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttestop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36075\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttestop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttestop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36075\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttestop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttestop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sutter Buttes are an isolated volcanic center surrounded by super-flat bottomland of the Sacramento Valley. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If it's a fine day and you have a couple of hours to spare on your drive north, why not see one of the curiosities of California and take a spin around the Sutter Buttes, also known as the world's smallest mountain range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Buttes are a compact clump of rocky crags placed smack in the middle of the flat Sacramento Valley. If you know where to look on a clear day, you can first spot them from I-505 as you drive north just north of Winters, some 40 miles off. They're like a mirage, glimpsed through the distant trees and silos, that soon vanishes as an imperceptible rise cuts them off. Otherwise their first appearance is a vision dead ahead as you exit the rounded, dreamlike Dunnigan Hills just before joining I-5. On many hazy days you may catch the barest outline of the Buttes' fairytale-steep peaks and wonder if you're seeing anything at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sutter Buttes are the remains of a young volcanic center that flourished here between about 1.5 and 1.3 million years ago, during the Pleistocene Epoch. On the geologic map below (derived from the California Geological Survey's \u003ca href=\"http://www.quake.ca.gov/gmaps/GMC/stategeologicmap.html\">interactive state geologic map\u003c/a>) its bulls-eye shape is distinct. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36071\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttesmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36071\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesmap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttesmap\" width=\"640\" height=\"371\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36071\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesmap.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesmap-400x232.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rock units are as follows: Qv, lava plugs and domes; Qv\u003csup>p\u003c/sup>, volcanic flows; E and Ku, Eocene and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A central set of lava plugs and domes (Qv) is surrounded by an apron of volcanic flows of lava and debris (Qv\u003csup>p\u003c/sup>). After the eruptions stopped, erosion uncovered the older sedimentary rocks (E and Ku) that were folded upward by the rising magma. These folded older rocks are prime sites for natural gas wells. In the 1920s the volcanologist Howel Williams, a native of Wales, gave names to these parts that were inspired by Medieval castles: Qv is the Castellated Core, Qv\u003csup>p\u003c/sup> is the Rampart and the soft old rocks between make up the Moat. See more detail of the geologic story, plus a look at the Buttes' interior, \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geology_ca/ig/sutterbuttes/\">over on my About.com site\u003c/a>. But this is enough background for today's side trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your closest approach to the Buttes on I-5 is at Williams, and that's where you set out for this enchanting feature. Turn off the freeway and head east on state route 20. The road crosses the Central Valley at one of its flattest points. The little town of Colusa sits on the Sacramento River and has a nice park there. This is a worthy side trip—maybe a picnic stop—in itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From here there are several different ways to experience the Buttes, depending on your schedule. The shortest trip is a straight drive-by on route 20, after which you can take route 99 north to rejoin I-5 at Red Bluff. Longer versions could include a pass around the little-trafficked north side, a detour into the Buttes on Pass Road, and a complete circumnavigation with optional Pass Road leg. I'll start with the west side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbutteswest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36070\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbutteswest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbutteswest\" width=\"600\" height=\"370\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-36070\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbutteswest.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbutteswest-400x247.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Butte Road skirts the ranchlands of the Rampart and several valleys, suitable for orchards and field crops, that penetrate to the Moat. The land of the Buttes is almost entirely in private hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttesnorth/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36072\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesnorth.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttesnorth\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-36072\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesnorth.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesnorth-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocks of the Rampart and Castellated Core appear distinct in this view from the north. The lightly travelled road gives many opportunities to stop and admire the landscape. The east side of the Buttes is on the outskirts of Yuba City but otherwise is very similar. There the lower Feather River runs down the valley on its way to join the Sacramento near Knights Landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttesrock/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36073\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesrock.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttesrock\" width=\"600\" height=\"408\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-36073\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesrock.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesrock-400x272.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you get a chance, pull over and inspect the roadside rocks. The Buttes have long been a ready source of stone for lining canals, bolstering levees and making roadbeds. The lava is a beautiful andesite porphyry that is unusually rich in crystals of hornblende and biotite (black) and feldspar (light). Other roadside rocks might include volcanic conglomerates and tuffs dating from the Buttes' fiery youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttessouth/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36074\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttessouth.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttessouth\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-36074\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttessouth.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttessouth-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pass Road takes you inside the Rampart and as close as possible to the Castellated Core. Here South Butte, highest point in the range, rears its head to 2117 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maidu tribes thought highly of the Buttes; so do its current landowners. Access for hiking is limited but possible through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.middlemountain.org/index.html\">Middle Mountain Foundation\u003c/a>. Perhaps this side trip will inspire a longer visit to California's nearest thing to Shangri-La.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Sutter Buttes are an oak-studded island of extinct volcanoes in the Sacramento Valley bottomlands. Step off the freeway to see California's nearest thing to Shangri-La.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1336497077,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":773},"headData":{"title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Sutter Buttes | KQED","description":"The Sutter Buttes are an oak-studded island of extinct volcanoes in the Sacramento Valley bottomlands. Step off the freeway to see California's nearest thing to Shangri-La.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Sutter Buttes","datePublished":"2012-04-26T18:58:52.000Z","dateModified":"2012-05-08T17:11:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"36069 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=36069","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/","disqusTitle":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Sutter Buttes","path":"/quest/36069/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttestop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36075\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttestop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttestop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36075\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttestop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttestop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sutter Buttes are an isolated volcanic center surrounded by super-flat bottomland of the Sacramento Valley. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If it's a fine day and you have a couple of hours to spare on your drive north, why not see one of the curiosities of California and take a spin around the Sutter Buttes, also known as the world's smallest mountain range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Buttes are a compact clump of rocky crags placed smack in the middle of the flat Sacramento Valley. If you know where to look on a clear day, you can first spot them from I-505 as you drive north just north of Winters, some 40 miles off. They're like a mirage, glimpsed through the distant trees and silos, that soon vanishes as an imperceptible rise cuts them off. Otherwise their first appearance is a vision dead ahead as you exit the rounded, dreamlike Dunnigan Hills just before joining I-5. On many hazy days you may catch the barest outline of the Buttes' fairytale-steep peaks and wonder if you're seeing anything at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sutter Buttes are the remains of a young volcanic center that flourished here between about 1.5 and 1.3 million years ago, during the Pleistocene Epoch. On the geologic map below (derived from the California Geological Survey's \u003ca href=\"http://www.quake.ca.gov/gmaps/GMC/stategeologicmap.html\">interactive state geologic map\u003c/a>) its bulls-eye shape is distinct. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36071\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttesmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36071\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesmap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttesmap\" width=\"640\" height=\"371\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36071\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesmap.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesmap-400x232.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rock units are as follows: Qv, lava plugs and domes; Qv\u003csup>p\u003c/sup>, volcanic flows; E and Ku, Eocene and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A central set of lava plugs and domes (Qv) is surrounded by an apron of volcanic flows of lava and debris (Qv\u003csup>p\u003c/sup>). After the eruptions stopped, erosion uncovered the older sedimentary rocks (E and Ku) that were folded upward by the rising magma. These folded older rocks are prime sites for natural gas wells. In the 1920s the volcanologist Howel Williams, a native of Wales, gave names to these parts that were inspired by Medieval castles: Qv is the Castellated Core, Qv\u003csup>p\u003c/sup> is the Rampart and the soft old rocks between make up the Moat. See more detail of the geologic story, plus a look at the Buttes' interior, \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geology_ca/ig/sutterbuttes/\">over on my About.com site\u003c/a>. But this is enough background for today's side trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your closest approach to the Buttes on I-5 is at Williams, and that's where you set out for this enchanting feature. Turn off the freeway and head east on state route 20. The road crosses the Central Valley at one of its flattest points. The little town of Colusa sits on the Sacramento River and has a nice park there. This is a worthy side trip—maybe a picnic stop—in itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From here there are several different ways to experience the Buttes, depending on your schedule. The shortest trip is a straight drive-by on route 20, after which you can take route 99 north to rejoin I-5 at Red Bluff. Longer versions could include a pass around the little-trafficked north side, a detour into the Buttes on Pass Road, and a complete circumnavigation with optional Pass Road leg. I'll start with the west side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbutteswest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36070\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbutteswest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbutteswest\" width=\"600\" height=\"370\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-36070\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbutteswest.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbutteswest-400x247.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Butte Road skirts the ranchlands of the Rampart and several valleys, suitable for orchards and field crops, that penetrate to the Moat. The land of the Buttes is almost entirely in private hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttesnorth/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36072\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesnorth.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttesnorth\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-36072\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesnorth.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesnorth-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocks of the Rampart and Castellated Core appear distinct in this view from the north. The lightly travelled road gives many opportunities to stop and admire the landscape. The east side of the Buttes is on the outskirts of Yuba City but otherwise is very similar. There the lower Feather River runs down the valley on its way to join the Sacramento near Knights Landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttesrock/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36073\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesrock.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttesrock\" width=\"600\" height=\"408\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-36073\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesrock.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttesrock-400x272.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you get a chance, pull over and inspect the roadside rocks. The Buttes have long been a ready source of stone for lining canals, bolstering levees and making roadbeds. The lava is a beautiful andesite porphyry that is unusually rich in crystals of hornblende and biotite (black) and feldspar (light). Other roadside rocks might include volcanic conglomerates and tuffs dating from the Buttes' fiery youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/26/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes/sutbuttessouth/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-36074\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttessouth.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"sutbuttessouth\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-36074\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttessouth.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/sutbuttessouth-400x240.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pass Road takes you inside the Rampart and as close as possible to the Castellated Core. Here South Butte, highest point in the range, rears its head to 2117 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maidu tribes thought highly of the Buttes; so do its current landowners. Access for hiking is limited but possible through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.middlemountain.org/index.html\">Middle Mountain Foundation\u003c/a>. Perhaps this side trip will inspire a longer visit to California's nearest thing to Shangri-La.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/36069/side-trips-from-interstate-5-sutter-buttes","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_9946","quest_13202","quest_2473","quest_11022","quest_11023","quest_3820","quest_3088"],"featImg":"quest_36075","label":"quest"},"quest_21313":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_21313","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"21313","score":null,"sort":[1311781870000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-on-the-spot-green-eggs-by-the-gram-sustainable-caviar","title":"Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar","publishDate":1311781870,"format":"video","headTitle":"Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3296,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21331\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21331\" title=\"caviar (81)_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/caviar-81_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"White sturgeon farmed by Sterling Caviar\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four-year-old white sturgeons farmed by Sterling Caviar in Sacramento County. Photo: Jenny Oh\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sturgeons, the fish whose eggs are known as caviar, have been around for about 250 million years. These giants are the largest of the freshwater fish and have been known to grow to over 4,000 pounds and live more than 100 years. But it took us only a couple hundred years to deplete their stocks around the world, to the point where most caviar is now harvested from farmed sturgeon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caviar is generally associated with the \u003ca href=\"http://geography.howstuffworks.com/oceans-and-seas/the-caspian-sea.htm\">Caspian Sea\u003c/a>, the large land-locked body of water surrounded by Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Sturgeon are such big animals and the females produce so many eggs (in the wild, eggs can make up as much as 25 percent of their bodyweight) that historically they were a great source of protein. The caviar was for royalty, with the lightest-colored, blond caviar being reserved for the tsar, in Russia, and the shah, in Iran. But this year, virtually \u003ca href=\"http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/quotas/sturgeon_intro.shtml\">no wild-harvested caviar\u003c/a> came out of that region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less known is the fact that in the late 1800s, the United States was a purveyor of wild-harvested caviar to the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here in California, they were harvesting millions of pounds in the late 1800s. And actually there was a town in New Jersey called Caviar, which was the world-leading exporter of caviar,” said Peter Struffeneger, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sterlingcaviar.com/\">Sterling Caviar\u003c/a>, one of the two companies in California that farm sturgeon for caviar. “But within a span of 30 years they wiped it out. They closed down all fishing from about 1905 to the 1950s, 1960s, depending on which river, for the stocks to recover. And most of them have only gotten back to a point where there’s a limited sport fish for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two species of sturgeon are native to California: the \u003ca href=\"http://calfish.ucdavis.edu/species/?uid=113&ds=241\">white sturgeon \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/Resources/Sturgeon/index.asp\">green sturgeon\u003c/a>. The green sturgeon is a threatened species and can’t even be fished by sport fishermen. Anglers in California can only catch \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/sportfishing_regs2011.asp#tips\">three white sturgeon per year \u003c/a>and need a special card from the state’s Department of Fish and Game to do so. White sturgeons have been plentiful in the Bay Area in 2011, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/marinnews/ci_18192560\">this report\u003c/a>. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/news/news04/04040.html\">sturgeon poaching \u003c/a>remains a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We filmed the caviar harvest at Sterling Caviar’s processing plant in Sacramento County. Sterling Caviar is one of only two companies in California, and a handful around the country, that are raising sturgeon for caviar and meat. (Sterling Caviar ships most of the meat overseas, though some ends up in Brooklyn, where it’s prized by the Russian community).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever wondered why caviar is so expensive (an ounce of Sterling’s highest-grade caviar goes for close to $90 \u003ca href=\"http://www.sterlingcaviar.com/details.asp?ItemID=57&loc=3\">on its Web site\u003c/a>), one reason is that even in the best of circumstances, you can only harvest a small amount of it, said Struffeneger. It takes eight to 10 years for Sterling’s female sturgeons to produce eggs. The other reason for the high price, said Struffeneger, is caviar’s unique flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe a hint of the ocean to it, but not an overbearing saltiness,” he said. “It should hit your taste buds and it actually explodes and you get this ‘wow’ sensation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with \u003ca href=\"http://caba.ucdavis.edu/faculty/dir/sidorosh\">Serge Doroshov\u003c/a>, a University of California, Davis, scientist who pioneered sturgeon farming in California, Sterling Caviar has figured out ways to \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/content/media/MBA_SeafoodWatch_AquacultureCriteraMethodology.pdf\">farm sustainably\u003c/a>. When the company started out, in the early 1980s, it got permits from the Department of Fish and Game to take white sturgeon from the Sacramento River. But in 1994 the company figured out how to spawn its own females, and since then it hasn’t taken any fish from the wild. And Sterling’s sturgeons are fed fish meal made from sustainably fished sardines and menhaden from Peru and Chile, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Struffeneger, who has degrees in marine and fisheries biology, the United States isn't doing enough to encourage aquaculture. As a result, he said, the country imports 82 percent of the fish we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish farming is the only way forward, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t increase the supply out of the oceans without doing what happened to sturgeon, destroying the resource,” he said. “One hundred years from now we’ll look back at this as a very transitional period in which we’ve really changed from a hunting-and-gathering society for our seafood to a farming-and-ranching society for our seafood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Caviar_Slideshow/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x393\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"393\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Once an exotic product associated with royalty and overfishing, caviar is now being farmed sustainably right here in California. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457568735,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Caviar_Slideshow/_files/iframe.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":788},"headData":{"title":"Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar","datePublished":"2011-07-27T15:51:10.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-10T00:12:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"21313 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=21313","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/27/science-on-the-spot-green-eggs-by-the-gram-sustainable-caviar/","disqusTitle":"Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/u4X7CQbj9ts","path":"/quest/21313/science-on-the-spot-green-eggs-by-the-gram-sustainable-caviar","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21331\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21331\" title=\"caviar (81)_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/caviar-81_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"White sturgeon farmed by Sterling Caviar\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four-year-old white sturgeons farmed by Sterling Caviar in Sacramento County. Photo: Jenny Oh\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sturgeons, the fish whose eggs are known as caviar, have been around for about 250 million years. These giants are the largest of the freshwater fish and have been known to grow to over 4,000 pounds and live more than 100 years. But it took us only a couple hundred years to deplete their stocks around the world, to the point where most caviar is now harvested from farmed sturgeon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caviar is generally associated with the \u003ca href=\"http://geography.howstuffworks.com/oceans-and-seas/the-caspian-sea.htm\">Caspian Sea\u003c/a>, the large land-locked body of water surrounded by Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Sturgeon are such big animals and the females produce so many eggs (in the wild, eggs can make up as much as 25 percent of their bodyweight) that historically they were a great source of protein. The caviar was for royalty, with the lightest-colored, blond caviar being reserved for the tsar, in Russia, and the shah, in Iran. But this year, virtually \u003ca href=\"http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/quotas/sturgeon_intro.shtml\">no wild-harvested caviar\u003c/a> came out of that region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less known is the fact that in the late 1800s, the United States was a purveyor of wild-harvested caviar to the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here in California, they were harvesting millions of pounds in the late 1800s. And actually there was a town in New Jersey called Caviar, which was the world-leading exporter of caviar,” said Peter Struffeneger, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sterlingcaviar.com/\">Sterling Caviar\u003c/a>, one of the two companies in California that farm sturgeon for caviar. “But within a span of 30 years they wiped it out. They closed down all fishing from about 1905 to the 1950s, 1960s, depending on which river, for the stocks to recover. And most of them have only gotten back to a point where there’s a limited sport fish for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two species of sturgeon are native to California: the \u003ca href=\"http://calfish.ucdavis.edu/species/?uid=113&ds=241\">white sturgeon \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/Resources/Sturgeon/index.asp\">green sturgeon\u003c/a>. The green sturgeon is a threatened species and can’t even be fished by sport fishermen. Anglers in California can only catch \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/sportfishing_regs2011.asp#tips\">three white sturgeon per year \u003c/a>and need a special card from the state’s Department of Fish and Game to do so. White sturgeons have been plentiful in the Bay Area in 2011, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/marinnews/ci_18192560\">this report\u003c/a>. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/news/news04/04040.html\">sturgeon poaching \u003c/a>remains a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We filmed the caviar harvest at Sterling Caviar’s processing plant in Sacramento County. Sterling Caviar is one of only two companies in California, and a handful around the country, that are raising sturgeon for caviar and meat. (Sterling Caviar ships most of the meat overseas, though some ends up in Brooklyn, where it’s prized by the Russian community).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever wondered why caviar is so expensive (an ounce of Sterling’s highest-grade caviar goes for close to $90 \u003ca href=\"http://www.sterlingcaviar.com/details.asp?ItemID=57&loc=3\">on its Web site\u003c/a>), one reason is that even in the best of circumstances, you can only harvest a small amount of it, said Struffeneger. It takes eight to 10 years for Sterling’s female sturgeons to produce eggs. The other reason for the high price, said Struffeneger, is caviar’s unique flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe a hint of the ocean to it, but not an overbearing saltiness,” he said. “It should hit your taste buds and it actually explodes and you get this ‘wow’ sensation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with \u003ca href=\"http://caba.ucdavis.edu/faculty/dir/sidorosh\">Serge Doroshov\u003c/a>, a University of California, Davis, scientist who pioneered sturgeon farming in California, Sterling Caviar has figured out ways to \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/content/media/MBA_SeafoodWatch_AquacultureCriteraMethodology.pdf\">farm sustainably\u003c/a>. When the company started out, in the early 1980s, it got permits from the Department of Fish and Game to take white sturgeon from the Sacramento River. But in 1994 the company figured out how to spawn its own females, and since then it hasn’t taken any fish from the wild. And Sterling’s sturgeons are fed fish meal made from sustainably fished sardines and menhaden from Peru and Chile, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Struffeneger, who has degrees in marine and fisheries biology, the United States isn't doing enough to encourage aquaculture. As a result, he said, the country imports 82 percent of the fish we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish farming is the only way forward, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t increase the supply out of the oceans without doing what happened to sturgeon, destroying the resource,” he said. “One hundred years from now we’ll look back at this as a very transitional period in which we’ve really changed from a hunting-and-gathering society for our seafood to a farming-and-ranching society for our seafood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Caviar_Slideshow/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x393\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"393\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/21313/science-on-the-spot-green-eggs-by-the-gram-sustainable-caviar","authors":["6186"],"series":["quest_3296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3229","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_9912","quest_326","quest_513","quest_1099","quest_9916","quest_13","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_9914","quest_2816","quest_9913","quest_2846","quest_13364","quest_3071","quest_9915"],"collections":["quest_3354"],"featImg":"quest_21375","label":"quest_3296"},"quest_11167":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11167","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11167","score":null,"sort":[1292520230000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","title":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","publishDate":1292520230,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers meet in the area between the city of Lodi and the Carquinez Strait to form what we simply refer to as ‘The Delta’ in central and northern California. The term ‘delta’ is derived from the triangle-shaped Greek letter of the same name and was originally applied to where the Nile River meets the Mediterranean Sea. The triangular shape forms as the single Nile River channel splits into numerous smaller river channels, which then split again, and so on, spreading out over a vast low-lying area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/delta3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest411.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the Nile Delta.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has this classic, triangular shape but with a major caveat — it’s inverted. That is, instead of the delta splitting into numerous channels in a downstream direction, it is characterized by numerous channels coming together in a downstream direction. The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain this rather unique delta geometry. Unlike the Nile, Amazon, Mississippi, and other major river systems, the location where the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers meet sea level is: (1) well inland of the coast and (2) strongly controlled by the topography of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg 962w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is known as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.answers.com/topic/bay-head-delta\">bay-head delta\u003c/a>, which is when a delta forms at the head of a large estuary like the San Francisco Bay. When \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/02/the-importance-of-studying-the-history-of-sea-level-change-in-san-francisco-bay/\">sea level was much lower during the last ice age\u003c/a> the river met the sea at the position of the Farallon Islands. As sea level rose and the valleys that are now the Bay flooded, the river mouth moved inland to its current position. The complex topography of the Bay Area — a result of active faulting associated with the San Andreas, Hayward, and other faults — has forced the channels in the delta to come together at Carquinez Strait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/reports/sea_level_rise/gmap.html\">sea-level rise will affect the delta region\u003c/a>, especially Suisun and Grizzly Bays, significantly. Even a relatively small rise will change the character of these wetland areas. Further east, near Antioch and Lodi, the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.com/usgs/california-delta-subsidence/\">delta is actively subsiding (sinking)\u003c/a>, which could exacerbate the negative effects of a rising sea level even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Images: (1) Nile River Delta; credit: \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nile_delta_landsat_false_color.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>, (2) Basemap from \u003ca href=\"http://www.flashearth.com/\">FlashEarth\u003c/a>, annotation by me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.09771315431724 -121.56623837538064\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain the unique geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1292520230,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":390},"headData":{"title":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta | KQED","description":"The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain the unique geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","datePublished":"2010-12-16T17:23:50.000Z","dateModified":"2010-12-16T17:23:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11167 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11167","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/16/the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta/","disqusTitle":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","path":"/quest/11167/the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers meet in the area between the city of Lodi and the Carquinez Strait to form what we simply refer to as ‘The Delta’ in central and northern California. The term ‘delta’ is derived from the triangle-shaped Greek letter of the same name and was originally applied to where the Nile River meets the Mediterranean Sea. The triangular shape forms as the single Nile River channel splits into numerous smaller river channels, which then split again, and so on, spreading out over a vast low-lying area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/delta3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest411.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the Nile Delta.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has this classic, triangular shape but with a major caveat — it’s inverted. That is, instead of the delta splitting into numerous channels in a downstream direction, it is characterized by numerous channels coming together in a downstream direction. The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain this rather unique delta geometry. Unlike the Nile, Amazon, Mississippi, and other major river systems, the location where the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers meet sea level is: (1) well inland of the coast and (2) strongly controlled by the topography of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg 962w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is known as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.answers.com/topic/bay-head-delta\">bay-head delta\u003c/a>, which is when a delta forms at the head of a large estuary like the San Francisco Bay. When \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/02/the-importance-of-studying-the-history-of-sea-level-change-in-san-francisco-bay/\">sea level was much lower during the last ice age\u003c/a> the river met the sea at the position of the Farallon Islands. As sea level rose and the valleys that are now the Bay flooded, the river mouth moved inland to its current position. The complex topography of the Bay Area — a result of active faulting associated with the San Andreas, Hayward, and other faults — has forced the channels in the delta to come together at Carquinez Strait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/reports/sea_level_rise/gmap.html\">sea-level rise will affect the delta region\u003c/a>, especially Suisun and Grizzly Bays, significantly. Even a relatively small rise will change the character of these wetland areas. Further east, near Antioch and Lodi, the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.com/usgs/california-delta-subsidence/\">delta is actively subsiding (sinking)\u003c/a>, which could exacerbate the negative effects of a rising sea level even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Images: (1) Nile River Delta; credit: \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nile_delta_landsat_false_color.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>, (2) Basemap from \u003ca href=\"http://www.flashearth.com/\">FlashEarth\u003c/a>, annotation by me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.09771315431724 -121.56623837538064\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11167/the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_33","quest_2559","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_11170","label":"quest"},"quest_10428":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_10428","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"10428","score":null,"sort":[1290110233000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay","title":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy","publishDate":1290110233,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Suspended Sediment Concentration in the San Francisco Bay, USGS. Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the image.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the gold extracted from the Sierra foothills during the Gold Rush was in placer deposits. That is, it was mixed with the rest of the sediment naturally eroding from the mountainside. Flecks of gold have a greater density than almost all the other particles and, thus, can be concentrated through natural water movement. A similar process is seen when you go to the beach. When the mixture of minerals and waves are just right you might notice darker grains of sand creating streaks or patches in the wet sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miners had to devise ways to extract the gold because it was still a minor component even in rich placer deposits. Methods like panning and simple equipment like sluice boxes were used with moving water to enhance the natural mineral separation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all this relatively easy-to-get gold was extracted from the streams and rivers prospectors turned to \u003ca href=\"http://museumca.org/goldrush/fever19-hy.html\">hydraulic mining\u003c/a> to obtain the riches. Hydraulic mining was the process of using high-powered water canons to artificially erode gold-bearing hills made of sedimentary deposits. These sedimentary deposits were ancient stream beds that contained gold in placer deposits much like the modern streams did. Essentially, hydraulic mining eroded ancient river sediment from the hillside and diverted the material into the modern river where miners then extracted the gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the activity of hydraulic mining devastated the local environment. The landscape was scarred and the mountain streams choked with gravel and sediment. And the effects weren't just local. These rivers and streams flowed into the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/12/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\">San Joaquin River\u003c/a> and Sacramento River and deposited some of this sediment in the Central Valley causing flooding and navigation problems. Some of the finer sediment was transported even further, to the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of hydraulic mining practices are still measurable in the Bay today. Geologists from the USGS are studying the amount of sediment the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta delivers to the Bay and are finding that the Gold Rush-induced sediment levels \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128113664\">might be diminishing\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"[USGS geologist David Schoellhamer] says all the extra sediment has finally worked its way past the Golden Gate. The bay's water is about 30 percent clearer than it was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is taken many decades for this complex sediment delivery system to reach a new equilibrium. However, the readjustment of the estuary to these 'new' conditions might create new problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"Less sediment in the bay could spell trouble if scientists' predictions about rising sea levels come to pass. These delicate tidal marshes could be inundated over the next century.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I find fascinating, yet also extremely challenging, is how the choices we've made as a civilization over the decades and centuries combine and sum to create the issues we face right now. There are no simple answers. Regardless of how well-intentioned some environmental programs may be there will always be some uncertainty about how natural systems respond. Continuing scientific research of these systems will reduce that uncertainty and inform policy decisions of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #333333\">\u003cem>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/sfbay/sedtrans/\">California Water Science Center\u003c/a>; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"USGS geologists are finding that Gold Rush-induced sediment levels in the San Francisco bay might be diminishing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1316650215,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":539},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy | KQED","description":"USGS geologists are finding that Gold Rush-induced sediment levels in the San Francisco bay might be diminishing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy","datePublished":"2010-11-18T19:57:13.000Z","dateModified":"2011-09-22T00:10:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"10428 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10428","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/18/gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay/","disqusTitle":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy","path":"/quest/10428/gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Suspended Sediment Concentration in the San Francisco Bay, USGS. Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the image.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the gold extracted from the Sierra foothills during the Gold Rush was in placer deposits. That is, it was mixed with the rest of the sediment naturally eroding from the mountainside. Flecks of gold have a greater density than almost all the other particles and, thus, can be concentrated through natural water movement. A similar process is seen when you go to the beach. When the mixture of minerals and waves are just right you might notice darker grains of sand creating streaks or patches in the wet sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miners had to devise ways to extract the gold because it was still a minor component even in rich placer deposits. Methods like panning and simple equipment like sluice boxes were used with moving water to enhance the natural mineral separation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all this relatively easy-to-get gold was extracted from the streams and rivers prospectors turned to \u003ca href=\"http://museumca.org/goldrush/fever19-hy.html\">hydraulic mining\u003c/a> to obtain the riches. Hydraulic mining was the process of using high-powered water canons to artificially erode gold-bearing hills made of sedimentary deposits. These sedimentary deposits were ancient stream beds that contained gold in placer deposits much like the modern streams did. Essentially, hydraulic mining eroded ancient river sediment from the hillside and diverted the material into the modern river where miners then extracted the gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the activity of hydraulic mining devastated the local environment. The landscape was scarred and the mountain streams choked with gravel and sediment. And the effects weren't just local. These rivers and streams flowed into the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/12/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\">San Joaquin River\u003c/a> and Sacramento River and deposited some of this sediment in the Central Valley causing flooding and navigation problems. Some of the finer sediment was transported even further, to the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of hydraulic mining practices are still measurable in the Bay today. Geologists from the USGS are studying the amount of sediment the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta delivers to the Bay and are finding that the Gold Rush-induced sediment levels \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128113664\">might be diminishing\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"[USGS geologist David Schoellhamer] says all the extra sediment has finally worked its way past the Golden Gate. The bay's water is about 30 percent clearer than it was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is taken many decades for this complex sediment delivery system to reach a new equilibrium. However, the readjustment of the estuary to these 'new' conditions might create new problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"Less sediment in the bay could spell trouble if scientists' predictions about rising sea levels come to pass. These delicate tidal marshes could be inundated over the next century.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I find fascinating, yet also extremely challenging, is how the choices we've made as a civilization over the decades and centuries combine and sum to create the issues we face right now. There are no simple answers. Regardless of how well-intentioned some environmental programs may be there will always be some uncertainty about how natural systems respond. Continuing scientific research of these systems will reduce that uncertainty and inform policy decisions of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #333333\">\u003cem>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/sfbay/sedtrans/\">California Water Science Center\u003c/a>; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/10428/gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_1232","quest_1233","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_2487","quest_33","quest_2576"],"featImg":"quest_10454","label":"quest"},"quest_6759":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_6759","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"6759","score":null,"sort":[1281630620000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river","title":"Geologic Context and History of the San Joaquin River","publishDate":1281630620,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>The San Joaquin River and its tributaries drain a significant portion of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the southern half of California’s Central valley. The San Joaquin River, along with its northern sibling, the Sacramento River, terminate at the delta of the same name. Significant human influence on the course and flow of the river started in the late 1800s to help divert water to developing agricultural regions in the Central Valley and continues to this day. The biggest river restoration project in California’s history, however, is now underway for the San Joaquin River (watch \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river\">this segment\u003c/a> from a recent episode of QUEST to learn more).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_6760\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"width: 604px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/CA-geol-map-central.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-6760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/CA-geol-map-central.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"530\">\u003c/a>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Geologic map of central part of California (credit: California Geological Survey)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This brief post is meant to introduce some of the basic and fundamental geologic context for the river. The geologic map above, which shows a simplified distribution of the types and ages of rock at the surface, nicely illustrates the juxtaposition of the river with California’s geology. The full version of the map and an explanation of the colors can be found on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.consrv.ca.gov/cgs/information/Pages/EdResCenter.aspx\">Educational Resources Center page of the California Geological Survey website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin River traverses two geologic provinces in California that could not be more different — the high mountains and exposed granitic rock of the southern Sierra Nevada (the red and blue areas on the map above) and the topographically flat and sediment-filled Central Valley (the light yellow area in the map above). The headwaters for the San Joaquin River and it’s tributaries to the north are lined up along the 9,000-14,000 ft high spine of the Sierra cutting canyons and gorges from east to west across the mountains (including the Merced River in Yosemite Valley).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of the combination of high elevations, eroding granite, and rivers is a lot of sediment. Over hundreds of thousands to millions of years, the erosion and transport of sediment from the high country is balanced by deposition of that sediment in the adjacent low and flat Central Valley. In fact, the Central Valley is flat because of these processes. When the rivers naturally flood they overspill their banks and fine, muddy sediment is deposited across broad areas. Over geologic time, the rivers move around incrementally building up sediment and covering the entire valley. The result of these processes is a vast and soil-rich valley that is now one of the world’s most productive agricultural regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Ranges on the western side of the Central Valley essentially force the San Joaquin and its tributaries to take a right-angle turn to the north towards the next available outlet to the sea — the San Francisco Bay. A somewhat similar pattern occurs in the north for the Sacramento River. The two rivers meet at sea level to form the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, one of the world’s largest inland deltas. Some of the water and sediment carried by the San Joaquin River ultimately makes it way into the Pacific Ocean through the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months my blogging here at QUEST will explore more of the geologic background and history of the greater Bay Area. I will also be writing about some of the local “geo-attractions” where you can go see the rocks for yourself and learn more about the fascinating geologic stories of this region firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.0939 -118.738723\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The biggest river restoration project in California's history, however, is now underway for the San Joaquin River.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1281630620,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":585},"headData":{"title":"Geologic Context and History of the San Joaquin River | KQED","description":"The biggest river restoration project in California's history, however, is now underway for the San Joaquin River.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geologic Context and History of the San Joaquin River","datePublished":"2010-08-12T16:30:20.000Z","dateModified":"2010-08-12T16:30:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"6759 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=6759","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/12/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river/","disqusTitle":"Geologic Context and History of the San Joaquin River","path":"/quest/6759/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Joaquin River and its tributaries drain a significant portion of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the southern half of California’s Central valley. The San Joaquin River, along with its northern sibling, the Sacramento River, terminate at the delta of the same name. Significant human influence on the course and flow of the river started in the late 1800s to help divert water to developing agricultural regions in the Central Valley and continues to this day. The biggest river restoration project in California’s history, however, is now underway for the San Joaquin River (watch \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river\">this segment\u003c/a> from a recent episode of QUEST to learn more).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_6760\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"width: 604px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/CA-geol-map-central.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-6760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/CA-geol-map-central.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"530\">\u003c/a>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Geologic map of central part of California (credit: California Geological Survey)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This brief post is meant to introduce some of the basic and fundamental geologic context for the river. The geologic map above, which shows a simplified distribution of the types and ages of rock at the surface, nicely illustrates the juxtaposition of the river with California’s geology. The full version of the map and an explanation of the colors can be found on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.consrv.ca.gov/cgs/information/Pages/EdResCenter.aspx\">Educational Resources Center page of the California Geological Survey website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin River traverses two geologic provinces in California that could not be more different — the high mountains and exposed granitic rock of the southern Sierra Nevada (the red and blue areas on the map above) and the topographically flat and sediment-filled Central Valley (the light yellow area in the map above). The headwaters for the San Joaquin River and it’s tributaries to the north are lined up along the 9,000-14,000 ft high spine of the Sierra cutting canyons and gorges from east to west across the mountains (including the Merced River in Yosemite Valley).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of the combination of high elevations, eroding granite, and rivers is a lot of sediment. Over hundreds of thousands to millions of years, the erosion and transport of sediment from the high country is balanced by deposition of that sediment in the adjacent low and flat Central Valley. In fact, the Central Valley is flat because of these processes. When the rivers naturally flood they overspill their banks and fine, muddy sediment is deposited across broad areas. Over geologic time, the rivers move around incrementally building up sediment and covering the entire valley. The result of these processes is a vast and soil-rich valley that is now one of the world’s most productive agricultural regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Ranges on the western side of the Central Valley essentially force the San Joaquin and its tributaries to take a right-angle turn to the north towards the next available outlet to the sea — the San Francisco Bay. A somewhat similar pattern occurs in the north for the Sacramento River. The two rivers meet at sea level to form the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, one of the world’s largest inland deltas. Some of the water and sediment carried by the San Joaquin River ultimately makes it way into the Pacific Ocean through the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming months my blogging here at QUEST will explore more of the geologic background and history of the greater Bay Area. I will also be writing about some of the local “geo-attractions” where you can go see the rocks for yourself and learn more about the fascinating geologic stories of this region firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.0939 -118.738723\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/6759/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_533","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_2487","quest_33","quest_2630"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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