California's Deadlocked Delta: Is Carbon Farming the Future?
California's Deadlocked Delta: Can We Bring Back What We've Lost?
California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed?
Shaking Things Up
Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar
The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy
Sponsored
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She has also earned awards from the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, the Society of Professional Journalists and the Society of Environmental Journalists.\r\n\r\nHer videos for KQED have also aired on NOVA scienceNOW and the PBS NewsHour, and appeared on NPR.org.\r\n\r\nAs an independent filmmaker, she produced and directed the hour-long documentary \u003ca href=\"http://lpbp.org/beautiful-sin-qa-with-producer-gabriela-quiros/\">\u003cem>Beautiful Sin\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, about the surprising story of how Costa Rica became the only country in the world to outlaw in vitro fertilization. The film aired in 2015 on public television stations throughout the U.S., and in Costa Rica.\r\n\r\nShe started her journalism career as a newspaper reporter in Costa Rica, where she grew up. She won the National Science Journalism Award there for a series of articles about organic agriculture, and developed a life-long interest in health reporting. She moved to the Bay Area in 1996 to study documentary filmmaking at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received master’s degrees in journalism and Latin American studies.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"gabrielaquirosr","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor","ef_view_calendar","ef_view_story_budget"]}],"headData":{"title":"Gabriela Quirós | KQED","description":"Video Producer and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/gabriela-quiros"},"andrew-alden":{"type":"authors","id":"6228","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6228","found":true},"name":"Andrew Alden","firstName":"Andrew","lastName":"Alden","slug":"andrew-alden","email":"alden@andrew-alden.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. He has \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/\">written on geology for About.com\u003c/a> since its founding in 1997. In 2007, he started the Oakland Geology blog, which won recognition as \"Best of the East Bay\" from the \u003ci>East Bay Express\u003c/i> in 2010. In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"},"brian-romans":{"type":"authors","id":"10171","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10171","found":true},"name":"Brian Romans","firstName":"Brian","lastName":"Romans","slug":"brian-romans","email":"romansbrian@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Brian Romans is the author the popular geoscience blog Clastic Detritus where he writes about topics in the field of sedimentary and marine geology and shares photographs of geologic field work from around the world. He is fascinated by the dynamic processes that shape our planet and the science of reconstructing ancient landscapes preserved in the geologic record. Brian came to the Bay Area in 2003 and completed a Ph.D. in geology at Stanford University in 2008. He lives in Berkeley with his wife, a high school science teacher, and is currently working as a research scientist in the energy industry. Follow him on \u003ca href=\"http://www.twitter.com/clasticdetritus\">Twitter\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Brian Romans | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/brian-romans"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_51027":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_51027","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"51027","score":null,"sort":[1363363044000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"controversial-california-water-plan-takes-shape","title":"Controversial California Water Plan Takes Shape","publishDate":1363363044,"format":"aside","headTitle":"California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11058,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Deltamapsmall.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Deltamapsmall.jpg\" alt=\"Path of two 35-mile tunnels through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. (Graphic: Bay Delta Conservation Plan)\" width=\"360\" height=\"577\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Path of two 35-mile tunnels through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. (Graphic: Bay Delta Conservation Plan)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More details have emerged on a $23 billion plan for California’s trickiest water problem: the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water officials are proposing a pair of tunnels through the Delta, which supplies water to two-thirds of the state’s residents. That water supply will depend on thousands of acres of habitat restoration to bring back endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/BDCPPlanningProcess/KeyAnnouncements.aspx\">Thursday’s release\u003c/a> was more a trickle than a flood, with just a third of the several thousand-page plan unveiled. But to Chuck Bonham of the state’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, it was a victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many have said it would never come out,” he said. “Some have said it couldn’t come out. It’s out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a> is designed to meet two “co-equal” goals, as they’re known. First, to reverse the decline of the Delta’s endangered fish, some of which have suffered steep declines in recent years. Second, to supply cities and farms across the state with water, something that’s been a sore spot recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the presence of Delta smelt this year and also of migrating salmon, we had to reduce deliveries, or exports, from the Delta on the order of 700,000 acre-feet of water,” said Mark Cowin of the Department of Water Resources. Water managers reckon an acre-foot to be about what a typical suburban household uses in a year, though many western households use less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cowin says similar cutbacks could be prevented in the future with two, 35-mile water tunnels that would run under the Delta. The tunnels would withdraw water farther away from sensitive fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> “This plan does not include any guarantees for water supply deliveries.” \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t mean the state gets all the water it wants. “This plan does not include any guarantees for water supply deliveries,” Cowin said. According to modeling, the project would export 4.8 to 5.6 million acre feet of water a year, close to the historical average but not as high as several recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supply also depends on more than 100,000 acres of habitat restoration, including tidal marshes that could help endangered fish recover. The restoration work would be unprecedented for the region. “We’re talking about restoration potentially observable from space,” said Bonham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This draft follows a previous version released in 2012 that was criticized by state and federal wildlife officials, who said it didn’t do enough to protect endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonham says the new plan reflects that feedback. “These goals and objectives are specific at a level that I don’t think we’ve been talking about in the Delta before,” he said. Changes notwithstanding, many residents and lawmakers from the Delta continue to oppose plan. “This draft Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP) continues to ignore the very real concerns expressed by northern California stakeholders,\" wrote Congresswoman Doris Matsui (D-Sacramento) in a joint statement with several other legislators opposing the tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $14 billion dollar tunnels would be paid for by water agencies, while the public would be on the hook for habitat restoration. More details on the costs are expected next month.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The latest draft fails to mollify opponents to a $23 billion-dollar plan for California’s trickiest water problem: the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367967535,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":578},"headData":{"title":"Controversial California Water Plan Takes Shape | KQED","description":"The latest draft fails to mollify opponents to a $23 billion-dollar plan for California’s trickiest water problem: the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Controversial California Water Plan Takes Shape","datePublished":"2013-03-15T15:57:24.000Z","dateModified":"2013-05-07T22:58:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"51027 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=51027","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/15/controversial-california-water-plan-takes-shape/","disqusTitle":"Controversial California Water Plan Takes Shape","path":"/quest/51027/controversial-california-water-plan-takes-shape","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Deltamapsmall.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Deltamapsmall.jpg\" alt=\"Path of two 35-mile tunnels through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. (Graphic: Bay Delta Conservation Plan)\" width=\"360\" height=\"577\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Path of two 35-mile tunnels through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. (Graphic: Bay Delta Conservation Plan)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More details have emerged on a $23 billion plan for California’s trickiest water problem: the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water officials are proposing a pair of tunnels through the Delta, which supplies water to two-thirds of the state’s residents. That water supply will depend on thousands of acres of habitat restoration to bring back endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/BDCPPlanningProcess/KeyAnnouncements.aspx\">Thursday’s release\u003c/a> was more a trickle than a flood, with just a third of the several thousand-page plan unveiled. But to Chuck Bonham of the state’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, it was a victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many have said it would never come out,” he said. “Some have said it couldn’t come out. It’s out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a> is designed to meet two “co-equal” goals, as they’re known. First, to reverse the decline of the Delta’s endangered fish, some of which have suffered steep declines in recent years. Second, to supply cities and farms across the state with water, something that’s been a sore spot recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the presence of Delta smelt this year and also of migrating salmon, we had to reduce deliveries, or exports, from the Delta on the order of 700,000 acre-feet of water,” said Mark Cowin of the Department of Water Resources. Water managers reckon an acre-foot to be about what a typical suburban household uses in a year, though many western households use less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cowin says similar cutbacks could be prevented in the future with two, 35-mile water tunnels that would run under the Delta. The tunnels would withdraw water farther away from sensitive fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> “This plan does not include any guarantees for water supply deliveries.” \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t mean the state gets all the water it wants. “This plan does not include any guarantees for water supply deliveries,” Cowin said. According to modeling, the project would export 4.8 to 5.6 million acre feet of water a year, close to the historical average but not as high as several recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supply also depends on more than 100,000 acres of habitat restoration, including tidal marshes that could help endangered fish recover. The restoration work would be unprecedented for the region. “We’re talking about restoration potentially observable from space,” said Bonham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This draft follows a previous version released in 2012 that was criticized by state and federal wildlife officials, who said it didn’t do enough to protect endangered fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonham says the new plan reflects that feedback. “These goals and objectives are specific at a level that I don’t think we’ve been talking about in the Delta before,” he said. Changes notwithstanding, many residents and lawmakers from the Delta continue to oppose plan. “This draft Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP) continues to ignore the very real concerns expressed by northern California stakeholders,\" wrote Congresswoman Doris Matsui (D-Sacramento) in a joint statement with several other legislators opposing the tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $14 billion dollar tunnels would be paid for by water agencies, while the public would be on the hook for habitat restoration. More details on the costs are expected next month.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/51027/controversial-california-water-plan-takes-shape","authors":["239"],"series":["quest_11058"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_797","quest_13197","quest_1293","quest_13203","quest_2472","quest_3108","quest_3340"],"featImg":"quest_51029","label":"quest_11058"},"quest_50236":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50236","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50236","score":null,"sort":[1362182730000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"aboard-the-tugnacious-with-dr-doom","title":"Aboard the Tugnacious With Dr. Doom","publishDate":1362182730,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/03/20130304science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of California residents rely on water pumped through the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, as its delicate ecosystem teeters on the brink, and its aging levees crumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planners have spent decades searching for a fix. But they'll have to finish the job without the advice of a man who’s played a central role in Delta science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 269px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/01/aboard-the-tugnacious-with-dr-doom/mountportrait_edit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50230\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-50230\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/mountportrait_edit-269x360.jpg\" alt=\"Jeffrey Mount, a retired UC Davis scientist, was dubbed “Doctor Doom” for his dire pronouncements about the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"269\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeffrey Mount, a retired UC Davis scientist, was dubbed “Doctor Doom” for his dire pronouncements about the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Mount, the scientist dubbed “Dr. Doom” for his dire pronouncements about the Delta, has retired from his post at University California, Davis. Science editor Craig Miller caught up with him – where else – on the river, aboard his 27-foot cruiser, “Tugnacious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an edited version of their conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The question of what to do about deteriorating conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has dogged Mount throughout his 33 years as a professor of geology, as co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"http://watershed.ucdavis.edu/\">Center for Watershed Studies\u003c/a> at UC Davis and going back to Governor Brown’s first administration. I asked Mount – one of the Delta’s most plainspoken explainers, why it matters so much.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig Miller: Eight in 10 Californians can’t even tell you where or what the Delta is. Why do they need to know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: Very few Californians get the notion that this is an interconnected system now, with water that comes all the way out of the Trinity River, piped over and into the Sacramento River and down through the Delta, run into canals and ends up in San Diego. I mean really, that’s extraordinary, all the way from the Klamath Basin to San Diego. This is an interconnected network, so 25 million people get some of their water out of the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37115\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-37115\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/slideshow-delta-explainer640.jpg\" alt=\"aerial view of the Delta\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/slideshow-delta-explainer640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/slideshow-delta-explainer640-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CM: You said in an interview that you thought we were down to our last shot with the Delta. What did you mean by that? And what do you think the real chance is that we'll have a long-term solution in hand by, say 2020?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: Let me explain why I think we’re down to our last shot. We have deeply entrenched interests, and regrettably it’s not simple. You’ve got farmers fighting against farmers. You have urban interests fighting against urban interests. You have environmental groups fighting against environmental groups, and then they’re all fighting each other, and that makes it wickedly complicated. And instead of coming out of their foxholes, they seem to be digging deeper and deeper foxholes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37951\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 170px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/?attachment_id=37951\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37951\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37951\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail5.jpg\" alt=\"map\" width=\"170\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta network.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Events will eventually dictate how we manage the Delta and I have said many times, and nothing in the last seven or eight years has changed in this, that we’re dealing with a system that is unstable, and it will rearrange itself, whether from floods or earthquakes or rising sea level or changing human demands on the system or invasive species, it is unstable and it is changing and if we don’t get our hands around it now, it’s going to be doubly hard to get our hands around it in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Some believe one way to “get our hands around it” is to move southbound water around this fragile ecosystem – or in the case of the latest proposal, under it, with twin tunnels that would shuttle water from upstream on the Sacramento, more than 30 miles south to serve needs in the Central Valley and Southern California. Mount agrees, saying it’s the only way to comply with current laws that put water needs and the environment on equal footing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: To meet the co-equal goals of the 2009 legislation, I think you’re going to have to have a tunnel or two. Don’t like it, go back and change the policy. You could say, \"We’re going to manage this ecosystem. We’re going to go for ecosystem health as the primary objective within it.\" If that’s the case, at best you want a tiny little pipe – a peripheral garden hose would be the best description of it. You want to dramatically reduce your withdrawals from the Delta, both in-Delta exports and then all those people upstream; all those people like San Francisco, let’s take them for example, they’re taking water from the Delta, they’re just taking it out upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: By upstream, you mean up in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: Yeah, they’re just taking it out before it gets to Delta, that’s all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-36945\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\" alt=\"A canal in the south Delta, sending water to the Central Valley Project.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the south Delta, sending water to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CM: Give me your pithiest version of why a tunnel beats a canal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: Actually I don’t think there’s any difference between the two in terms of system performance, but there are major differences politically. Good luck building a peripheral canal across the Delta given the level of local resistance and changes in our practices of eminent domain. I can completely understand why they want to spend more money and go under the problem rather than over the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: We talked a little about this déjà vu aspect of it, this goes further back than Jerry Brown’s first term, this goes back to Pat Brown, doesn’t it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=left color=white]\u003cstrong>California's Deadlocked Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Video explainer: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">What is the Delta?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Interactive map: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">Envisioning California’s Delta As it Was\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feature story: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-it-be-fixed/\">Can the Delta Be Fixed?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: That’s correct. When the state water project was developed, they knew all along that they had left a hole in it, and that is the Delta. They knew there was a problem even back in the 1950s that the Delta was going to be a major issue. From that point on, this intractable, difficult wicked problem has bedeviled governors, heads of the Department of Water Resources and water managers in California nonstop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: If they were so aware that this was a problem looming, why didn’t they address the problem head on the first time around?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: There’s a tendency in water supply to leave the most complicated and difficult problems to later. We are a society – and there’s no difference in the water supply community – that likes to pluck the low hanging fruit and put off the hard work until later. The Delta fix, if there is one, is not simple, it’s not cheap, it involves burning massive amounts of political capital to get it done, and it involves lots of angry people no matter what you do. I can easily understand why people kept putting that one off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>And yet, with all of the rancor that remains in the Delta water wars, Mount sees a light at end of this tunnel.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: I can actually say that I think the state government and federal government are starting to paddle together, which has not been the case – it’s actually been one of the principal problems. They are actually starting to look like they’re much more in sync with each other, and that’s a glimmer of hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: Does that mean you think we have a decent shot at a long-term solution?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: I think it’s a 50-50 chance that we’ll get a long-term solution out of this. This is all of California’s problem. I mean this is 25 million people, also two-thirds of the population of California. It’s our problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mount still has some skin in the game. In his new career is as a consultant, he says he wants to help restore rivers, not just talk about restoring them. As for his nickname, “Dr. Doom,” Mount says it was coined a decade ago by then-KQED reporter Tamara Keith, now Capitol correspondent for NPR. It stuck – and Mount still embraces it, though no doubt he’d love to be proven wrong.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sean Greene contributed to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The scientist dubbed “Dr. Doom” for his dire pronouncements about California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is retiring after 33 years working on the troubled ecosystem that's central to California's water supply.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443824152,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1429},"headData":{"title":"Aboard the Tugnacious With Dr. Doom | KQED","description":"The scientist dubbed “Dr. Doom” for his dire pronouncements about California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is retiring after 33 years working on the troubled ecosystem that's central to California's water supply.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Aboard the Tugnacious With Dr. Doom","datePublished":"2013-03-02T00:05:30.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:15:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"50236 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=50236","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/01/aboard-the-tugnacious-with-dr-doom/","disqusTitle":"Aboard the Tugnacious With Dr. Doom","path":"/quest/50236/aboard-the-tugnacious-with-dr-doom","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/03/20130304science.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/03/20130304science.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two-thirds of California residents rely on water pumped through the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, as its delicate ecosystem teeters on the brink, and its aging levees crumble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planners have spent decades searching for a fix. But they'll have to finish the job without the advice of a man who’s played a central role in Delta science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50230\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 269px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/01/aboard-the-tugnacious-with-dr-doom/mountportrait_edit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50230\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-50230\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/mountportrait_edit-269x360.jpg\" alt=\"Jeffrey Mount, a retired UC Davis scientist, was dubbed “Doctor Doom” for his dire pronouncements about the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"269\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeffrey Mount, a retired UC Davis scientist, was dubbed “Doctor Doom” for his dire pronouncements about the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. (Photo: Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Mount, the scientist dubbed “Dr. Doom” for his dire pronouncements about the Delta, has retired from his post at University California, Davis. Science editor Craig Miller caught up with him – where else – on the river, aboard his 27-foot cruiser, “Tugnacious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an edited version of their conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The question of what to do about deteriorating conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has dogged Mount throughout his 33 years as a professor of geology, as co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"http://watershed.ucdavis.edu/\">Center for Watershed Studies\u003c/a> at UC Davis and going back to Governor Brown’s first administration. I asked Mount – one of the Delta’s most plainspoken explainers, why it matters so much.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig Miller: Eight in 10 Californians can’t even tell you where or what the Delta is. Why do they need to know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: Very few Californians get the notion that this is an interconnected system now, with water that comes all the way out of the Trinity River, piped over and into the Sacramento River and down through the Delta, run into canals and ends up in San Diego. I mean really, that’s extraordinary, all the way from the Klamath Basin to San Diego. This is an interconnected network, so 25 million people get some of their water out of the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37115\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-37115\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/slideshow-delta-explainer640.jpg\" alt=\"aerial view of the Delta\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/slideshow-delta-explainer640.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/slideshow-delta-explainer640-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CM: You said in an interview that you thought we were down to our last shot with the Delta. What did you mean by that? And what do you think the real chance is that we'll have a long-term solution in hand by, say 2020?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: Let me explain why I think we’re down to our last shot. We have deeply entrenched interests, and regrettably it’s not simple. You’ve got farmers fighting against farmers. You have urban interests fighting against urban interests. You have environmental groups fighting against environmental groups, and then they’re all fighting each other, and that makes it wickedly complicated. And instead of coming out of their foxholes, they seem to be digging deeper and deeper foxholes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37951\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 170px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/?attachment_id=37951\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37951\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37951\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail5.jpg\" alt=\"map\" width=\"170\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta network.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Events will eventually dictate how we manage the Delta and I have said many times, and nothing in the last seven or eight years has changed in this, that we’re dealing with a system that is unstable, and it will rearrange itself, whether from floods or earthquakes or rising sea level or changing human demands on the system or invasive species, it is unstable and it is changing and if we don’t get our hands around it now, it’s going to be doubly hard to get our hands around it in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Some believe one way to “get our hands around it” is to move southbound water around this fragile ecosystem – or in the case of the latest proposal, under it, with twin tunnels that would shuttle water from upstream on the Sacramento, more than 30 miles south to serve needs in the Central Valley and Southern California. Mount agrees, saying it’s the only way to comply with current laws that put water needs and the environment on equal footing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: To meet the co-equal goals of the 2009 legislation, I think you’re going to have to have a tunnel or two. Don’t like it, go back and change the policy. You could say, \"We’re going to manage this ecosystem. We’re going to go for ecosystem health as the primary objective within it.\" If that’s the case, at best you want a tiny little pipe – a peripheral garden hose would be the best description of it. You want to dramatically reduce your withdrawals from the Delta, both in-Delta exports and then all those people upstream; all those people like San Francisco, let’s take them for example, they’re taking water from the Delta, they’re just taking it out upstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: By upstream, you mean up in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: Yeah, they’re just taking it out before it gets to Delta, that’s all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-36945\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\" alt=\"A canal in the south Delta, sending water to the Central Valley Project.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the south Delta, sending water to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CM: Give me your pithiest version of why a tunnel beats a canal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: Actually I don’t think there’s any difference between the two in terms of system performance, but there are major differences politically. Good luck building a peripheral canal across the Delta given the level of local resistance and changes in our practices of eminent domain. I can completely understand why they want to spend more money and go under the problem rather than over the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: We talked a little about this déjà vu aspect of it, this goes further back than Jerry Brown’s first term, this goes back to Pat Brown, doesn’t it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=left color=white]\u003cstrong>California's Deadlocked Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Video explainer: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">What is the Delta?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Interactive map: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">Envisioning California’s Delta As it Was\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feature story: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-it-be-fixed/\">Can the Delta Be Fixed?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: That’s correct. When the state water project was developed, they knew all along that they had left a hole in it, and that is the Delta. They knew there was a problem even back in the 1950s that the Delta was going to be a major issue. From that point on, this intractable, difficult wicked problem has bedeviled governors, heads of the Department of Water Resources and water managers in California nonstop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: If they were so aware that this was a problem looming, why didn’t they address the problem head on the first time around?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: There’s a tendency in water supply to leave the most complicated and difficult problems to later. We are a society – and there’s no difference in the water supply community – that likes to pluck the low hanging fruit and put off the hard work until later. The Delta fix, if there is one, is not simple, it’s not cheap, it involves burning massive amounts of political capital to get it done, and it involves lots of angry people no matter what you do. I can easily understand why people kept putting that one off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>And yet, with all of the rancor that remains in the Delta water wars, Mount sees a light at end of this tunnel.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: I can actually say that I think the state government and federal government are starting to paddle together, which has not been the case – it’s actually been one of the principal problems. They are actually starting to look like they’re much more in sync with each other, and that’s a glimmer of hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: Does that mean you think we have a decent shot at a long-term solution?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JM: I think it’s a 50-50 chance that we’ll get a long-term solution out of this. This is all of California’s problem. I mean this is 25 million people, also two-thirds of the population of California. It’s our problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mount still has some skin in the game. In his new career is as a consultant, he says he wants to help restore rivers, not just talk about restoring them. As for his nickname, “Dr. Doom,” Mount says it was coined a decade ago by then-KQED reporter Tamara Keith, now Capitol correspondent for NPR. It stuck – and Mount still embraces it, though no doubt he’d love to be proven wrong.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sean Greene contributed to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50236/aboard-the-tugnacious-with-dr-doom","authors":["221"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9","quest_11","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11808","quest_11809","quest_11807","quest_11194","quest_13203","quest_2472"],"featImg":"quest_50273","label":"quest"},"quest_38415":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_38415","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"38415","score":null,"sort":[1337382014000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-deadlocked-delta-is-carbon-farming-the-future","title":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Is Carbon Farming the Future?","publishDate":1337382014,"format":"audio","headTitle":"California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11058,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-21-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the third story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38425\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Farming-marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Farming-marquee-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Farming-marquee\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tules on Twitchell Island in the Delta. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With thousands of acres of rich farmland, the Delta has a long agricultural legacy. But farming there can be a risky business. Dozens of farms have been flooded over the past half century as aging levees have collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That became a reality for farmer Rudy Mussi on the morning of June 3, 2004. It was clear, sunny day. \"You never expect a flood in the summer months,\" says Mussi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mussi was growing corn and asparagus on lower Jones Tract, an island in the Delta, 10 miles west of Stockton. That morning, he got a phone call. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/06/04/MNG1G70S3A1.DTL&ao=all\">Water was flooding\u003c/a> onto his farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your heart stops for a second or two and then realism sets in. And you just start moving your equipment and get it to high ground,\" says Mussi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did a flood happen a on a sunny day? It's because of a basic rule of physics. Mussi farmed on an island below sea level, like a lot of the islands in the Delta. The Delta used to be a huge swath of wetlands, where two major rivers met San Francisco Bay. Today, earthen levees hold that water back – most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once a break occurs, you know, there's no way you're gonna stop that, not with 10 feet of water on the other side,\" Mussi says. Draining the island and repairing the levees around Jones Tract cost about $90 million. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38449\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 232px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingLevee.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingLevee-232x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarmingLevee\" width=\"232\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The levee break on Jones Tract in 2004. (Photo: CA Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn't an isolated incident. Over the last century, more than 150 levees have failed in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Delta Infrastructure at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is how we get ourselves in kind of an arms race between the water and the land,\" says Jeff Mount, professor with the Center for Watershed Sciences at the University of California-Davis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levee-building began in the 1850s, when settlers came to the Delta for the rich soil. More than a thousand miles of levees were built. \"This network of levees through time had to get bigger and bigger for a very basic reason: the land has been steadily lowering,\" says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As farmers exposed the rich peat soil, it started decomposing. The land level dropped; \"In some places they talked about four inches per year,\" says Mount. Today, it's less than an inch per year thanks to better farming practices. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add up all those inches over the past century and some islands are now 30 feet below sea level. That puts a lot of stress on the levees. There are also other concerns: rising sea levels and extreme floods. \"And then the big 800-pound gorilla in the room – we're due for a very large earthquake on the San Andreas system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add up all these risks and Mount says there's a two-thirds \u003ca href=\"http://californiawaterblog.com/2011/03/09/sea-level-rise-and-delta-subsidence%E2%80%94the-demise-of-subsided-delta-islands/\">chance of a catastrophic levee failure\u003c/a> in the next 50 years. That, of course, affects farmers and communities in the Delta, but it could also impact California's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The raindrops that fall in Mount Shasta are consumed by people in San Diego. Water moves a great distance and this is one of the critical hubs in that system,\" says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fixing the Delta's levees is estimated to cost billions. But on some islands, scientists are experimenting with a new fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farming Carbon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38450\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 219px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingsoil.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingsoil-219x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarmingsoil\" width=\"219\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peat soil samples on Twitchell Island. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a windy day on Twitchell Island in the Delta, ecologist Lisa Windham-Myers of the US Geological Survey pushes her way through a wetland filled with a tall, reed-like plant known as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoenoplectus_acutus\">tule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plant grows... some of these are 16 feet tall. They're just huge,\" she says. That growth is changing the ground we're standing on. Windham-Myers pulls out a sample of the dark peat soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wetland \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/Carbon_Farm/RandD.html\">produces soil at a rapid rate\u003c/a> – four inches a year on average. That's huge, says USGS scientist Brian Bergamaschi, in a place where the land is sinking. \"These islands are like bowls and the way we see projects like this is you want to fill up the middle of that bowl and help level out the whole island.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting wetlands like this one could raise the land level and water table on the inside of levees, relieving some of the pressure. But why would farmers want to replace cash crops with tule? Windham-Myers points to the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is basically almost 100 percent carbon. These take up far more than a typical forest environment,\" she says. California is setting up a market for carbon, as part of the state's effort to cut global warming emissions. Early next year, companies that need to reduce their emissions could pay farmers to store carbon in wetlands like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarming2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarming2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarming2\" width=\"320\" height=\"199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38451\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USGS scientist Brian Bergamaschi talks with Delta farmer Al Medvitch. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, two farmers are here checking out the project: Steve Mello, a Delta farmer on Tyler Island and Al Medvitch, a farmer in the Montezuma Hills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The potential has been demonstrated well. You guys are standing in the middle of it. But in order to move from here to market, we need to develop a lot more techniques so people can come and verify that the carbon is stored,\" says Brian Bergamaschi, describing how wetland farming might work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both farmers seem open to the idea. But Mello says ultimately, it depends on the bottom line. \"It would absolutely need to cash flow. While it could dovetail with levee stability, it would still need to generate enough to amortize your property value.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Mello says assuming carbon prices are high enough, growing patches of wetlands could be a feasible way to improve the levees and to stay farming.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California’s Delta has a rich agricultural legacy, but farming there can be a risky business. Dozens of farms have been flooded over the past half century as aging levees have collapsed. Now, scientists are encouraging farmers to switch to a new crop. Instead of growing vegetables, they’d grow something that has all but disappeared in the Delta: wetlands. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1340306800,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1005},"headData":{"title":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Is Carbon Farming the Future? | KQED","description":"California’s Delta has a rich agricultural legacy, but farming there can be a risky business. Dozens of farms have been flooded over the past half century as aging levees have collapsed. Now, scientists are encouraging farmers to switch to a new crop. Instead of growing vegetables, they’d grow something that has all but disappeared in the Delta: wetlands. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Is Carbon Farming the Future?","datePublished":"2012-05-18T23:00:14.000Z","dateModified":"2012-06-21T19:26:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"38415 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-is-carbon-farming-the-future/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/18/californias-deadlocked-delta-is-carbon-farming-the-future/","disqusTitle":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Is Carbon Farming the Future?","path":"/quest/38415/californias-deadlocked-delta-is-carbon-farming-the-future","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-21-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-21-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the third story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38425\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Farming-marquee.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Farming-marquee-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Farming-marquee\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tules on Twitchell Island in the Delta. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With thousands of acres of rich farmland, the Delta has a long agricultural legacy. But farming there can be a risky business. Dozens of farms have been flooded over the past half century as aging levees have collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That became a reality for farmer Rudy Mussi on the morning of June 3, 2004. It was clear, sunny day. \"You never expect a flood in the summer months,\" says Mussi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mussi was growing corn and asparagus on lower Jones Tract, an island in the Delta, 10 miles west of Stockton. That morning, he got a phone call. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/06/04/MNG1G70S3A1.DTL&ao=all\">Water was flooding\u003c/a> onto his farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your heart stops for a second or two and then realism sets in. And you just start moving your equipment and get it to high ground,\" says Mussi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did a flood happen a on a sunny day? It's because of a basic rule of physics. Mussi farmed on an island below sea level, like a lot of the islands in the Delta. The Delta used to be a huge swath of wetlands, where two major rivers met San Francisco Bay. Today, earthen levees hold that water back – most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once a break occurs, you know, there's no way you're gonna stop that, not with 10 feet of water on the other side,\" Mussi says. Draining the island and repairing the levees around Jones Tract cost about $90 million. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38449\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 232px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingLevee.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingLevee-232x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarmingLevee\" width=\"232\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The levee break on Jones Tract in 2004. (Photo: CA Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn't an isolated incident. Over the last century, more than 150 levees have failed in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Delta Infrastructure at Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is how we get ourselves in kind of an arms race between the water and the land,\" says Jeff Mount, professor with the Center for Watershed Sciences at the University of California-Davis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levee-building began in the 1850s, when settlers came to the Delta for the rich soil. More than a thousand miles of levees were built. \"This network of levees through time had to get bigger and bigger for a very basic reason: the land has been steadily lowering,\" says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As farmers exposed the rich peat soil, it started decomposing. The land level dropped; \"In some places they talked about four inches per year,\" says Mount. Today, it's less than an inch per year thanks to better farming practices. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add up all those inches over the past century and some islands are now 30 feet below sea level. That puts a lot of stress on the levees. There are also other concerns: rising sea levels and extreme floods. \"And then the big 800-pound gorilla in the room – we're due for a very large earthquake on the San Andreas system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add up all these risks and Mount says there's a two-thirds \u003ca href=\"http://californiawaterblog.com/2011/03/09/sea-level-rise-and-delta-subsidence%E2%80%94the-demise-of-subsided-delta-islands/\">chance of a catastrophic levee failure\u003c/a> in the next 50 years. That, of course, affects farmers and communities in the Delta, but it could also impact California's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The raindrops that fall in Mount Shasta are consumed by people in San Diego. Water moves a great distance and this is one of the critical hubs in that system,\" says Mount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fixing the Delta's levees is estimated to cost billions. But on some islands, scientists are experimenting with a new fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farming Carbon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38450\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 219px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingsoil.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarmingsoil-219x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarmingsoil\" width=\"219\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peat soil samples on Twitchell Island. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a windy day on Twitchell Island in the Delta, ecologist Lisa Windham-Myers of the US Geological Survey pushes her way through a wetland filled with a tall, reed-like plant known as \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoenoplectus_acutus\">tule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plant grows... some of these are 16 feet tall. They're just huge,\" she says. That growth is changing the ground we're standing on. Windham-Myers pulls out a sample of the dark peat soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wetland \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/Carbon_Farm/RandD.html\">produces soil at a rapid rate\u003c/a> – four inches a year on average. That's huge, says USGS scientist Brian Bergamaschi, in a place where the land is sinking. \"These islands are like bowls and the way we see projects like this is you want to fill up the middle of that bowl and help level out the whole island.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planting wetlands like this one could raise the land level and water table on the inside of levees, relieving some of the pressure. But why would farmers want to replace cash crops with tule? Windham-Myers points to the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is basically almost 100 percent carbon. These take up far more than a typical forest environment,\" she says. California is setting up a market for carbon, as part of the state's effort to cut global warming emissions. Early next year, companies that need to reduce their emissions could pay farmers to store carbon in wetlands like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38451\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarming2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaFarming2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DeltaFarming2\" width=\"320\" height=\"199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38451\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USGS scientist Brian Bergamaschi talks with Delta farmer Al Medvitch. (Photo: Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, two farmers are here checking out the project: Steve Mello, a Delta farmer on Tyler Island and Al Medvitch, a farmer in the Montezuma Hills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The potential has been demonstrated well. You guys are standing in the middle of it. But in order to move from here to market, we need to develop a lot more techniques so people can come and verify that the carbon is stored,\" says Brian Bergamaschi, describing how wetland farming might work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both farmers seem open to the idea. But Mello says ultimately, it depends on the bottom line. \"It would absolutely need to cash flow. While it could dovetail with levee stability, it would still need to generate enough to amortize your property value.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Mello says assuming carbon prices are high enough, growing patches of wetlands could be a feasible way to improve the levees and to stay farming.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/38415/californias-deadlocked-delta-is-carbon-farming-the-future","authors":["239"],"series":["quest_11058"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_252","quest_621","quest_684","quest_797","quest_799","quest_1073","quest_11119","quest_11118","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_2472","quest_2559","quest_3108","quest_3340"],"featImg":"quest_38425","label":"quest_11058"},"quest_37589":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_37589","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"37589","score":null,"sort":[1336770050000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost","title":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Can We Bring Back What We've Lost?","publishDate":1336770050,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11058,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-14-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37673\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37673\" title=\"Deltamap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Delta created by the US Geological Survey in the 1910s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As detective stories go, this sunny, spring day in the Delta isn't a typical backdrop. In the distance, tractors move slowly through dry fields of row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once he got lost, they were wandering all over,\" says Alison Whipple of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/he\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>, a non-profit research group based in Richmond. Her colleague, Robin Grossinger, agrees. \"They were all over this place.\" The two are trying to piece together the path of William Wright, a man who got hopelessly lost somewhere nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should probably mention: it happened 160 years ago. Whipple and Grossinger are historical ecologists. They use sources like old photos, hand-drawn maps and early land surveys to sleuth out what this landscape looked like before it was dramatically remade by Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's landscape has been dramatically remade over the last 200 years. Today, it's a crucial part of the state's water system, supplying 25 million people and irrigating millions of acres of farm land. But with this re-engineering, the Delta's ecosystem has collapsed, harming the fishing industry and putting water supplies at risk. Little is known about what it once looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Map of Historical Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37955\" title=\"DeltaThumbnail6\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"110\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">See an interactive map\u003c/a> of the Delta, past and present, and the historical photos and maps used to create it.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost in a Delta Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a levee about 20 miles south of Sacramento, Whipple and Grossinger are discussing what they found a tattered, yellowing notebook uncovered in a state archive. It contains stories from William Wright, a duck hunter who spent a long, cold night lost in the Delta in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"On all sides stretched a vast wilderness of tules from ten to fifteen feet in height. The driving storm of sleet was bad, but the pitchy darkness was infinitely worse... Our situation was so miserable that no words can do justice to it.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the dramatic story they're interested in. It's passages this like one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"The lakes proved to be from one hundred to three hundred yards in width, as near as we could judge. The water was very cold and often waist‐deep.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Whipple and Grossinger read his account, they knew they’d found a Holy Grail source document. Its detail reveal a landscape that doesn't exist here today and hasn’t existed for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Delta is probably one of the most intensively transformed parts of California and it was also changed really early on because of such fertile land,\" says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's Gold Rush boomed, farmers came to the Delta for its rich soil. Land went for a dollar an acre and settlers turned the wetlands into dry, agricultural land. 97% of the historic marshes were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have here maybe one of the most important parts of the state's ecosystem and we don’t actually know how it used to work,\" Says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37590\" title=\"SFEI\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SFEI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alison Whipple and Robin Grossinger examine historic maps in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Whipple have layered together thousands of historical sources that reveal an ecosystem of incredible complexity. “We would be in trees right here with a couple winding channels that were dry in the summer but had flowing water in the wintertime,\" explains Whipple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yearly floods from the Sacramento River inundated Delta marshes creating habitat for birds and young salmon. Closer to San Francisco Bay, hundreds of miles of small tidal channels branched out like capillaries in the wetlands. Today, most of those channels have been filled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning the Delta to this pristine state just isn’t possible, says Whipple, and that’s not the goal of the project. But knowing how the ecosystem once worked could improve the habitat restoration efforts that are happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty Island is one place in the Delta that looks as it might have 200 years ago. Not long ago, it was a low-lying expanse of farmland, protected by tall levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levees broke and it wasn’t financially worth reclaiming,” Says Carl Wilcox of with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Game\u003c/a>. The landowners gave up when the island flooded 15 years ago. After that, nature took over. Tules and cattails started sprouting and wildlife followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37591\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/libertyisland/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37591\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37591\" title=\"LibertyIsland\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LibertyIsland.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Returning vegetation at Liberty Island in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, “some of the endangered native fishes, Delta smelt, longfin smelt are using this area,” says Wilcox. They're finding endangered Chinook salmon as well. \"These are more productive areas for them, they’re more protected, they’re less prone to predators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Considers Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is using the Liberty Island project as a model for a proposal to restore 65,000 acres of Delta habitat. It's part of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan - a major overhaul of the Delta’s water infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo Winternitz of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> says bringing back habitat for declining wildlife could make the state’s water supply more reliable. Restrictions under the Endangered Species Act have limited how much water can be pumped from the Delta in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one big problem with restoration: most of the islands in the Delta are below sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just south of here, some of the islands, they're in the 17 to 25 below sea level range. So if their levees broke, what you’d have is a large open body of water. You can’t create tidal marshes in those areas,\" says Winternitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves only a few places where restoration is feasible. Winternitz says in those areas it’s crucial the state look to the past to create the same interconnected habitat that once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown's administration is set to unveil the sweeping plan to restore the Delta later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California's Delta is a far cry from what it once was. About 97% of its historic marshes have been lost and scientists aren’t quite sure what the Delta once looked like. Now, a Bay Area group is working to reconstruct it through ecological detective work.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443825289,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1033},"headData":{"title":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Can We Bring Back What We've Lost? | KQED","description":"California's Delta is a far cry from what it once was. About 97% of its historic marshes have been lost and scientists aren’t quite sure what the Delta once looked like. Now, a Bay Area group is working to reconstruct it through ecological detective work.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Can We Bring Back What We've Lost?","datePublished":"2012-05-11T21:00:50.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:34:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"37589 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/","disqusTitle":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Can We Bring Back What We've Lost?","path":"/quest/37589/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-14-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-14-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37673\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37673\" title=\"Deltamap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Delta created by the US Geological Survey in the 1910s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As detective stories go, this sunny, spring day in the Delta isn't a typical backdrop. In the distance, tractors move slowly through dry fields of row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once he got lost, they were wandering all over,\" says Alison Whipple of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/he\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>, a non-profit research group based in Richmond. Her colleague, Robin Grossinger, agrees. \"They were all over this place.\" The two are trying to piece together the path of William Wright, a man who got hopelessly lost somewhere nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should probably mention: it happened 160 years ago. Whipple and Grossinger are historical ecologists. They use sources like old photos, hand-drawn maps and early land surveys to sleuth out what this landscape looked like before it was dramatically remade by Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's landscape has been dramatically remade over the last 200 years. Today, it's a crucial part of the state's water system, supplying 25 million people and irrigating millions of acres of farm land. But with this re-engineering, the Delta's ecosystem has collapsed, harming the fishing industry and putting water supplies at risk. Little is known about what it once looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Map of Historical Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37955\" title=\"DeltaThumbnail6\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"110\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">See an interactive map\u003c/a> of the Delta, past and present, and the historical photos and maps used to create it.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost in a Delta Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a levee about 20 miles south of Sacramento, Whipple and Grossinger are discussing what they found a tattered, yellowing notebook uncovered in a state archive. It contains stories from William Wright, a duck hunter who spent a long, cold night lost in the Delta in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"On all sides stretched a vast wilderness of tules from ten to fifteen feet in height. The driving storm of sleet was bad, but the pitchy darkness was infinitely worse... Our situation was so miserable that no words can do justice to it.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the dramatic story they're interested in. It's passages this like one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"The lakes proved to be from one hundred to three hundred yards in width, as near as we could judge. The water was very cold and often waist‐deep.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Whipple and Grossinger read his account, they knew they’d found a Holy Grail source document. Its detail reveal a landscape that doesn't exist here today and hasn’t existed for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Delta is probably one of the most intensively transformed parts of California and it was also changed really early on because of such fertile land,\" says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's Gold Rush boomed, farmers came to the Delta for its rich soil. Land went for a dollar an acre and settlers turned the wetlands into dry, agricultural land. 97% of the historic marshes were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have here maybe one of the most important parts of the state's ecosystem and we don’t actually know how it used to work,\" Says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37590\" title=\"SFEI\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SFEI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alison Whipple and Robin Grossinger examine historic maps in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Whipple have layered together thousands of historical sources that reveal an ecosystem of incredible complexity. “We would be in trees right here with a couple winding channels that were dry in the summer but had flowing water in the wintertime,\" explains Whipple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yearly floods from the Sacramento River inundated Delta marshes creating habitat for birds and young salmon. Closer to San Francisco Bay, hundreds of miles of small tidal channels branched out like capillaries in the wetlands. Today, most of those channels have been filled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning the Delta to this pristine state just isn’t possible, says Whipple, and that’s not the goal of the project. But knowing how the ecosystem once worked could improve the habitat restoration efforts that are happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty Island is one place in the Delta that looks as it might have 200 years ago. Not long ago, it was a low-lying expanse of farmland, protected by tall levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levees broke and it wasn’t financially worth reclaiming,” Says Carl Wilcox of with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Game\u003c/a>. The landowners gave up when the island flooded 15 years ago. After that, nature took over. Tules and cattails started sprouting and wildlife followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37591\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/libertyisland/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37591\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37591\" title=\"LibertyIsland\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LibertyIsland.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Returning vegetation at Liberty Island in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, “some of the endangered native fishes, Delta smelt, longfin smelt are using this area,” says Wilcox. They're finding endangered Chinook salmon as well. \"These are more productive areas for them, they’re more protected, they’re less prone to predators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Considers Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is using the Liberty Island project as a model for a proposal to restore 65,000 acres of Delta habitat. It's part of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan - a major overhaul of the Delta’s water infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo Winternitz of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> says bringing back habitat for declining wildlife could make the state’s water supply more reliable. Restrictions under the Endangered Species Act have limited how much water can be pumped from the Delta in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one big problem with restoration: most of the islands in the Delta are below sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just south of here, some of the islands, they're in the 17 to 25 below sea level range. So if their levees broke, what you’d have is a large open body of water. You can’t create tidal marshes in those areas,\" says Winternitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves only a few places where restoration is feasible. Winternitz says in those areas it’s crucial the state look to the past to create the same interconnected habitat that once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown's administration is set to unveil the sweeping plan to restore the Delta later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/37589/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost","authors":["239"],"series":["quest_11058"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3229","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_252","quest_326","quest_20","quest_621","quest_684","quest_797","quest_799","quest_1073","quest_13203","quest_13","quest_2472","quest_13364","quest_3108","quest_3340"],"featImg":"quest_37673","label":"quest_11058"},"quest_36944":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_36944","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"36944","score":null,"sort":[1336176145000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-deadlocked-delta-can-it-be-fixed","title":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed?","publishDate":1336176145,"format":"audio","headTitle":"California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11058,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-07-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36945\" title=\"DeltaOverview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the Delta, heading to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not familiar with where the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is or why it's so important to the state, you're not alone. Polls show most Californians have never heard of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This relatively small part of California plays a crucial role in the state's water supply. And, as might be expected, it's become ground zero for a decades-long water war involving cities, farmers and fish. This year, the state is taking on an ambitious planning effort to break that deadlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Re-plumbing California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason the Delta has this starring role is thanks to a basic geography problem. Almost all of the state's water is found in the top third of the state. Most of the population lives in the bottom two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue was painfully obvious to state planners a century ago. The Central Valley promised rich soil for farmers, but had little rainfall. They knew for California to grow, they had to move water to drier parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is where California's two largest rivers come together, carrying runoff from the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To water planners, it looked like the perfect place to tap into. California began building water infrastructure at a massive scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is exported out of the Delta primarily through two large pumping plants near Tracy, about 60 miles east of San Francisco. Each moves millions of gallons of water a minute. From there, the water rushes into concrete canals that reach Los Angeles, Silicon Valley and millions of acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 700-mile system has made California the state it is today. But it's come with a cost…\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>[youtube=http://accounts.icharts.net/icharts/embed/M3vTyChC]\n\u003cdiv id=\"chartdetails111327\" class=\"chartdetails\">\u003cspan>Chart: How We Use Delta Water\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Description: Water that flows through Delta is pumped hundreds of miles across California. The Central Valley Project sends water to farms, while the State Water Project reaches Los Angeles and Silicon Valley, as well as Central Valley farmland. The Bay Area also receives water from the North Bay Aqueduct and the Contra Costa Canal. In some years, as much as 50 percent of the water that flows through the Delta is exported.\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Tags: water, delta, diversions, san francisco bay delta, fishing, salmon, smelt, exports, CCWD, kqed, quest, Delta-Mendota Canal. BDCP, farming\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Author: \u003c/span>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"http://www.icharts.net\">charts powered by iCharts\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>An Ecosystem in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a boat in the western Delta, environmental scientist Julio Adib-Samii and team from California's Department of Fish and Game pull in a long fishing net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 234px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36947\" title=\"Deltasmelt\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt-234x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we have an adult Delta smelt,\" he says, holding a small, silver endangered fish that smells distinctly like a cucumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game scientists have done these \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/delta/data/\">monthly fish surveys\u003c/a> for decades. But starting in 2002, they noticed something strange. Where they once caught a lot of Delta smelt, now, they weren't catching any. The population had crashed, as well as populations of striped bass, threadfin shad, longfin smelt and Chinook salmon. In 2008, the commercial salmon fishery shut down completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their decline is an indication of a changing environment and place they didn't evolve to be in,\" says Adib-Samii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a massive tidal marsh, full of winding channels that spread out like capillaries. After the Gold Rush, settlers put up levees to create low-lying islands for farming. Ninety-seven percent of the historic wetlands were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Multiple Stressors, One Big Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland and we need to return some of that to habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. The ecosystem has also been hit by pollution, invasive species – and by the pumping plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More in our Series\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Timeline of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/whiskey%E2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%E2%80%99s-for-fighting-about/\">Delta history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Q&A's with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Jason Peltier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Video explainer\u003c/a> on \"What is the Delta?\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow. It's very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps,\" says Nelson. A few years ago, federal wildlife agencies issued decisions requiring the pumping to slow down during certain times of year to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the central debate in the Delta: how much water should be pumped out and how much should be left for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limit to the amount of water you can pump from the Delta ecosystem and in the last decade it's become incredibly clear that we've exceeded that, and we've exceeded it by a lot,\" says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees. \"There is, you know, always going to be shortages. But there's also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there,\" says Jason Peltier with \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, an agricultural area in the San Joaquin Valley that depends on Delta water. He says limits on pumping have hurt the district's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don't have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers,\" says Peltier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over the environmental rules went to the courts. \"There was lawsuit after lawsuit,\" says John Laird, California's Secretary for Natural Resources. \"It got to the point that it made much more sense to look at the entire Delta as a whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Attempt at Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird's agency is trying to reach a compromise with the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The 10,000-page plan calls for a new way to pump water out of the Delta, through what's commonly known as the peripheral canal. Huge tunnels would take water from further upstream, bypassing the Delta, which supporters say would make the water supply more reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a new idea. In 1982, California voters defeated a similar plan. \"The real debate is not the tunnel itself. It's how much water and when can it flow through the tunnel,\" says Laird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive project could harm the Delta's endangered species, but Laird says they'll restore thousands of acres of wetlands to compensate. California voters would be on the hook for that cost, while the $12 billion tunnel would be paid for by water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tough sell but, according to Laird, a necessary one since climate change will make the state's water supply more unpredictable. The agency will release a full draft of the plan in July.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been the subject of a decades-long water war, but most Californians have never heard of it. Why is it so important? And can the state ever break the water deadlock? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366749735,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1168},"headData":{"title":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed? | KQED","description":"The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been the subject of a decades-long water war, but most Californians have never heard of it. Why is it so important? And can the state ever break the water deadlock? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed?","datePublished":"2012-05-05T00:02:25.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T20:42:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"36944 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-it-be-fixed/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-it-be-fixed/","disqusTitle":"California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed?","path":"/quest/36944/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-it-be-fixed","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-07-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-07-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36945\" title=\"DeltaOverview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the Delta, heading to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not familiar with where the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is or why it's so important to the state, you're not alone. Polls show most Californians have never heard of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This relatively small part of California plays a crucial role in the state's water supply. And, as might be expected, it's become ground zero for a decades-long water war involving cities, farmers and fish. This year, the state is taking on an ambitious planning effort to break that deadlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Re-plumbing California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason the Delta has this starring role is thanks to a basic geography problem. Almost all of the state's water is found in the top third of the state. Most of the population lives in the bottom two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue was painfully obvious to state planners a century ago. The Central Valley promised rich soil for farmers, but had little rainfall. They knew for California to grow, they had to move water to drier parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is where California's two largest rivers come together, carrying runoff from the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To water planners, it looked like the perfect place to tap into. California began building water infrastructure at a massive scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is exported out of the Delta primarily through two large pumping plants near Tracy, about 60 miles east of San Francisco. Each moves millions of gallons of water a minute. From there, the water rushes into concrete canals that reach Los Angeles, Silicon Valley and millions of acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 700-mile system has made California the state it is today. But it's come with a cost…\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003cdiv id=\"chartdetails111327\" class=\"chartdetails\">\u003cspan>Chart: How We Use Delta Water\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Description: Water that flows through Delta is pumped hundreds of miles across California. The Central Valley Project sends water to farms, while the State Water Project reaches Los Angeles and Silicon Valley, as well as Central Valley farmland. The Bay Area also receives water from the North Bay Aqueduct and the Contra Costa Canal. In some years, as much as 50 percent of the water that flows through the Delta is exported.\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Tags: water, delta, diversions, san francisco bay delta, fishing, salmon, smelt, exports, CCWD, kqed, quest, Delta-Mendota Canal. BDCP, farming\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Author: \u003c/span>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"http://www.icharts.net\">charts powered by iCharts\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>An Ecosystem in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a boat in the western Delta, environmental scientist Julio Adib-Samii and team from California's Department of Fish and Game pull in a long fishing net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 234px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36947\" title=\"Deltasmelt\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt-234x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we have an adult Delta smelt,\" he says, holding a small, silver endangered fish that smells distinctly like a cucumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game scientists have done these \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/delta/data/\">monthly fish surveys\u003c/a> for decades. But starting in 2002, they noticed something strange. Where they once caught a lot of Delta smelt, now, they weren't catching any. The population had crashed, as well as populations of striped bass, threadfin shad, longfin smelt and Chinook salmon. In 2008, the commercial salmon fishery shut down completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their decline is an indication of a changing environment and place they didn't evolve to be in,\" says Adib-Samii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a massive tidal marsh, full of winding channels that spread out like capillaries. After the Gold Rush, settlers put up levees to create low-lying islands for farming. Ninety-seven percent of the historic wetlands were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Multiple Stressors, One Big Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland and we need to return some of that to habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. The ecosystem has also been hit by pollution, invasive species – and by the pumping plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More in our Series\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Timeline of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/whiskey%E2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%E2%80%99s-for-fighting-about/\">Delta history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Q&A's with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Jason Peltier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Video explainer\u003c/a> on \"What is the Delta?\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow. It's very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps,\" says Nelson. A few years ago, federal wildlife agencies issued decisions requiring the pumping to slow down during certain times of year to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the central debate in the Delta: how much water should be pumped out and how much should be left for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limit to the amount of water you can pump from the Delta ecosystem and in the last decade it's become incredibly clear that we've exceeded that, and we've exceeded it by a lot,\" says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees. \"There is, you know, always going to be shortages. But there's also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there,\" says Jason Peltier with \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, an agricultural area in the San Joaquin Valley that depends on Delta water. He says limits on pumping have hurt the district's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don't have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers,\" says Peltier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over the environmental rules went to the courts. \"There was lawsuit after lawsuit,\" says John Laird, California's Secretary for Natural Resources. \"It got to the point that it made much more sense to look at the entire Delta as a whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Attempt at Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird's agency is trying to reach a compromise with the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The 10,000-page plan calls for a new way to pump water out of the Delta, through what's commonly known as the peripheral canal. Huge tunnels would take water from further upstream, bypassing the Delta, which supporters say would make the water supply more reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a new idea. In 1982, California voters defeated a similar plan. \"The real debate is not the tunnel itself. It's how much water and when can it flow through the tunnel,\" says Laird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive project could harm the Delta's endangered species, but Laird says they'll restore thousands of acres of wetlands to compensate. California voters would be on the hook for that cost, while the $12 billion tunnel would be paid for by water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tough sell but, according to Laird, a necessary one since climate change will make the state's water supply more unpredictable. The agency will release a full draft of the plan in July.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/36944/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-it-be-fixed","authors":["239"],"series":["quest_11058"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_252","quest_20","quest_621","quest_684","quest_797","quest_799","quest_1073","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_2472","quest_3108","quest_3340"],"featImg":"quest_36945","label":"quest_11058"},"quest_23435":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_23435","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"23435","score":null,"sort":[1314901449000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"shaking-things-up","title":"Shaking Things Up","publishDate":1314901449,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23439\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/eqengpeertable/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23439\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengPEERtable.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQengPEERtable\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengPEERtable.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengPEERtable-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 20-foot shake table at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center in Richmond. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earthquake engineering is a discipline that uses a wide range of techniques: There's forensics, for diagnosing collapsed structures. There's 3D dynamic computer simulations, to test building designs \u003ci>in silico\u003c/i>. And there's the mechanical joy of giving things a good hard shake. The last part, clearly, is the sugar that draws the news flies. It certainly brings out the little boy in me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are all kinds of ways to subject things to seismic-style shaking. At a scientific meeting not long ago I watched a contest that took student-designed model buildings and put them on a shake table the size of a large microwave oven. A shake table is outfitted with actuators—pistons pushing in all directions—that \"play\" a seismogram, the record of an actual earthquake. The students and judges were serious, but somehow gleeful too, as the models began to shed pieces onto the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23437\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/eqengcontest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23437\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengcontest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQengcontest\" width=\"500\" height=\"536\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-23437\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengcontest.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengcontest-400x429.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same meeting we could ride in a much larger apparatus as it played the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake for us. As a veteran of that quake, I found this an uncanny experience but still couldn't keep a smile off my face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/eqengeqplayer/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23438\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengEQplayer.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQengEQplayer\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-23438\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengEQplayer.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengEQplayer-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://peer.berkeley.edu/\">Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center\u003c/a>, in Richmond, is a leading institute for this stuff. (If you can get a tour, don't miss PEER's 4 Million Pound Universal Testing Machine, a steel behemoth built in 1932, and the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/earthquakes/ig/EQengineering/richmondboneyard.htm\">boneyard\u003c/a> of broken stuff out back.) It has the biggest shake table in the Bay Area, 20 feet square. That's big enough to subject a full-sized cottage or model house to a realistic earthquake experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Buffalo used two of these at once to test a full-sized two-story townhouse in 2006 at its \u003ca href=\"http://seesl.buffalo.edu/\">Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Lab\u003c/a>. (Both PEER and SEESL share resources as part of the nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://nees.org/\">George Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation\u003c/a> or NEES.) In that experiment, the building danced to the tune of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. . . a break dance, you might say. \u003ca href=\"http://nees.buffalo.edu/projects/NEESWood/video.asp\">Videos from the project\u003c/a> are uncanny, period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when something is too big to put on a shake table—like the Earth itself—we have to use a different approach. There's the equivalent of a submarine's sonar or the doctor's tap on your chest (a technique called auscultation, you should know) called active-source seismology. This has a long history and is best developed by oil companies and geotechnical consultants. The actuator that sends out the seismic signal can be as small as a sledgehammer blow or as large as blowing up a ton of dynamite, but I think that a fleet of Vibroseis trucks, pushing their thick steel baseplates against the ground in unison, may be the most impressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23436\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/eqengvibroseis/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23436\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengvibroseis.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQengvibroseis\" width=\"500\" height=\"306\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23436\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengvibroseis.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengvibroseis-400x245.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy Wikimedia Commons under CC-BY-SA license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week a California research project went to the Sacramento Delta, a water source for some 23 million people among other things, and did some shaking experiments to help get a handle on what a Big One might do there. The news people made a point of getting out to Sherman Island, because what could be cooler? There was a big shiny machine with whirling weights, used to shake nuclear plants, mounted on a segment of simulated levee on top of pure Delta peat. It was easy to visualize mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test was not a realistic one: the actuator didn't play a seismogram, just a straight eyeball-rattling vibration. The model levee wasn't twice as tall, a hundred years old, or holding back 20 feet of water like the real levees. The point was to do a basic test of the underlying peat soil—something simple, fundamental and not too dangerous. It was just the start of the thorough science we need, but the experiment made great video. Three newspapers gave it coverage and included footage; links below. In its own way it was as cool as Burning Man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>San Jose Mercury News, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_18782550\">Earthquake simulator gives model levee a big shake\u003c/a>\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sacramento Bee, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2011/08/30/3870868/ucla-researchers-shake-model-levee.html\">UCLA researchers shake model levee, for peat's sake\u003c/a>\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stockton Record, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110830/A_NEWS/108300313/-1/a_news14\">Ground rumbles for sake of research\u003c/a>\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Earthquake engineering researchers use their giant shakers to do stuff as cool as Burning Man, and not just one week a year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1317340024,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":726},"headData":{"title":"Shaking Things Up | KQED","description":"Earthquake engineering researchers use their giant shakers to do stuff as cool as Burning Man, and not just one week a year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Shaking Things Up","datePublished":"2011-09-01T18:24:09.000Z","dateModified":"2011-09-29T23:47:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"23435 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=23435","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/","disqusTitle":"Shaking Things Up","path":"/quest/23435/shaking-things-up","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23439\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/eqengpeertable/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23439\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengPEERtable.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQengPEERtable\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengPEERtable.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengPEERtable-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 20-foot shake table at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center in Richmond. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earthquake engineering is a discipline that uses a wide range of techniques: There's forensics, for diagnosing collapsed structures. There's 3D dynamic computer simulations, to test building designs \u003ci>in silico\u003c/i>. And there's the mechanical joy of giving things a good hard shake. The last part, clearly, is the sugar that draws the news flies. It certainly brings out the little boy in me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are all kinds of ways to subject things to seismic-style shaking. At a scientific meeting not long ago I watched a contest that took student-designed model buildings and put them on a shake table the size of a large microwave oven. A shake table is outfitted with actuators—pistons pushing in all directions—that \"play\" a seismogram, the record of an actual earthquake. The students and judges were serious, but somehow gleeful too, as the models began to shed pieces onto the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23437\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/eqengcontest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23437\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengcontest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQengcontest\" width=\"500\" height=\"536\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-23437\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengcontest.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengcontest-400x429.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same meeting we could ride in a much larger apparatus as it played the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake for us. As a veteran of that quake, I found this an uncanny experience but still couldn't keep a smile off my face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/eqengeqplayer/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23438\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengEQplayer.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQengEQplayer\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-23438\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengEQplayer.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengEQplayer-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://peer.berkeley.edu/\">Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center\u003c/a>, in Richmond, is a leading institute for this stuff. (If you can get a tour, don't miss PEER's 4 Million Pound Universal Testing Machine, a steel behemoth built in 1932, and the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/earthquakes/ig/EQengineering/richmondboneyard.htm\">boneyard\u003c/a> of broken stuff out back.) It has the biggest shake table in the Bay Area, 20 feet square. That's big enough to subject a full-sized cottage or model house to a realistic earthquake experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Buffalo used two of these at once to test a full-sized two-story townhouse in 2006 at its \u003ca href=\"http://seesl.buffalo.edu/\">Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Lab\u003c/a>. (Both PEER and SEESL share resources as part of the nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://nees.org/\">George Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation\u003c/a> or NEES.) In that experiment, the building danced to the tune of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. . . a break dance, you might say. \u003ca href=\"http://nees.buffalo.edu/projects/NEESWood/video.asp\">Videos from the project\u003c/a> are uncanny, period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when something is too big to put on a shake table—like the Earth itself—we have to use a different approach. There's the equivalent of a submarine's sonar or the doctor's tap on your chest (a technique called auscultation, you should know) called active-source seismology. This has a long history and is best developed by oil companies and geotechnical consultants. The actuator that sends out the seismic signal can be as small as a sledgehammer blow or as large as blowing up a ton of dynamite, but I think that a fleet of Vibroseis trucks, pushing their thick steel baseplates against the ground in unison, may be the most impressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23436\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/01/shaking-things-up/eqengvibroseis/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23436\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengvibroseis.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"EQengvibroseis\" width=\"500\" height=\"306\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23436\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengvibroseis.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/EQengvibroseis-400x245.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy Wikimedia Commons under CC-BY-SA license\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week a California research project went to the Sacramento Delta, a water source for some 23 million people among other things, and did some shaking experiments to help get a handle on what a Big One might do there. The news people made a point of getting out to Sherman Island, because what could be cooler? There was a big shiny machine with whirling weights, used to shake nuclear plants, mounted on a segment of simulated levee on top of pure Delta peat. It was easy to visualize mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test was not a realistic one: the actuator didn't play a seismogram, just a straight eyeball-rattling vibration. The model levee wasn't twice as tall, a hundred years old, or holding back 20 feet of water like the real levees. The point was to do a basic test of the underlying peat soil—something simple, fundamental and not too dangerous. It was just the start of the thorough science we need, but the experiment made great video. Three newspapers gave it coverage and included footage; links below. In its own way it was as cool as Burning Man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>San Jose Mercury News, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_18782550\">Earthquake simulator gives model levee a big shake\u003c/a>\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sacramento Bee, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2011/08/30/3870868/ucla-researchers-shake-model-levee.html\">UCLA researchers shake model levee, for peat's sake\u003c/a>\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stockton Record, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110830/A_NEWS/108300313/-1/a_news14\">Ground rumbles for sake of research\u003c/a>\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/23435/shaking-things-up","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_909","quest_10004","quest_2101","quest_13202","quest_2472"],"featImg":"quest_23439","label":"quest"},"quest_21313":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_21313","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"21313","score":null,"sort":[1311781870000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-on-the-spot-green-eggs-by-the-gram-sustainable-caviar","title":"Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar","publishDate":1311781870,"format":"video","headTitle":"Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3296,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21331\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21331\" title=\"caviar (81)_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/caviar-81_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"White sturgeon farmed by Sterling Caviar\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four-year-old white sturgeons farmed by Sterling Caviar in Sacramento County. Photo: Jenny Oh\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sturgeons, the fish whose eggs are known as caviar, have been around for about 250 million years. These giants are the largest of the freshwater fish and have been known to grow to over 4,000 pounds and live more than 100 years. But it took us only a couple hundred years to deplete their stocks around the world, to the point where most caviar is now harvested from farmed sturgeon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caviar is generally associated with the \u003ca href=\"http://geography.howstuffworks.com/oceans-and-seas/the-caspian-sea.htm\">Caspian Sea\u003c/a>, the large land-locked body of water surrounded by Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Sturgeon are such big animals and the females produce so many eggs (in the wild, eggs can make up as much as 25 percent of their bodyweight) that historically they were a great source of protein. The caviar was for royalty, with the lightest-colored, blond caviar being reserved for the tsar, in Russia, and the shah, in Iran. But this year, virtually \u003ca href=\"http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/quotas/sturgeon_intro.shtml\">no wild-harvested caviar\u003c/a> came out of that region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less known is the fact that in the late 1800s, the United States was a purveyor of wild-harvested caviar to the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here in California, they were harvesting millions of pounds in the late 1800s. And actually there was a town in New Jersey called Caviar, which was the world-leading exporter of caviar,” said Peter Struffeneger, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sterlingcaviar.com/\">Sterling Caviar\u003c/a>, one of the two companies in California that farm sturgeon for caviar. “But within a span of 30 years they wiped it out. They closed down all fishing from about 1905 to the 1950s, 1960s, depending on which river, for the stocks to recover. And most of them have only gotten back to a point where there’s a limited sport fish for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two species of sturgeon are native to California: the \u003ca href=\"http://calfish.ucdavis.edu/species/?uid=113&ds=241\">white sturgeon \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/Resources/Sturgeon/index.asp\">green sturgeon\u003c/a>. The green sturgeon is a threatened species and can’t even be fished by sport fishermen. Anglers in California can only catch \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/sportfishing_regs2011.asp#tips\">three white sturgeon per year \u003c/a>and need a special card from the state’s Department of Fish and Game to do so. White sturgeons have been plentiful in the Bay Area in 2011, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/marinnews/ci_18192560\">this report\u003c/a>. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/news/news04/04040.html\">sturgeon poaching \u003c/a>remains a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We filmed the caviar harvest at Sterling Caviar’s processing plant in Sacramento County. Sterling Caviar is one of only two companies in California, and a handful around the country, that are raising sturgeon for caviar and meat. (Sterling Caviar ships most of the meat overseas, though some ends up in Brooklyn, where it’s prized by the Russian community).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever wondered why caviar is so expensive (an ounce of Sterling’s highest-grade caviar goes for close to $90 \u003ca href=\"http://www.sterlingcaviar.com/details.asp?ItemID=57&loc=3\">on its Web site\u003c/a>), one reason is that even in the best of circumstances, you can only harvest a small amount of it, said Struffeneger. It takes eight to 10 years for Sterling’s female sturgeons to produce eggs. The other reason for the high price, said Struffeneger, is caviar’s unique flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe a hint of the ocean to it, but not an overbearing saltiness,” he said. “It should hit your taste buds and it actually explodes and you get this ‘wow’ sensation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with \u003ca href=\"http://caba.ucdavis.edu/faculty/dir/sidorosh\">Serge Doroshov\u003c/a>, a University of California, Davis, scientist who pioneered sturgeon farming in California, Sterling Caviar has figured out ways to \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/content/media/MBA_SeafoodWatch_AquacultureCriteraMethodology.pdf\">farm sustainably\u003c/a>. When the company started out, in the early 1980s, it got permits from the Department of Fish and Game to take white sturgeon from the Sacramento River. But in 1994 the company figured out how to spawn its own females, and since then it hasn’t taken any fish from the wild. And Sterling’s sturgeons are fed fish meal made from sustainably fished sardines and menhaden from Peru and Chile, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Struffeneger, who has degrees in marine and fisheries biology, the United States isn't doing enough to encourage aquaculture. As a result, he said, the country imports 82 percent of the fish we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish farming is the only way forward, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t increase the supply out of the oceans without doing what happened to sturgeon, destroying the resource,” he said. “One hundred years from now we’ll look back at this as a very transitional period in which we’ve really changed from a hunting-and-gathering society for our seafood to a farming-and-ranching society for our seafood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Caviar_Slideshow/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x393\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"393\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Once an exotic product associated with royalty and overfishing, caviar is now being farmed sustainably right here in California. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457568735,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Caviar_Slideshow/_files/iframe.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":788},"headData":{"title":"Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar","datePublished":"2011-07-27T15:51:10.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-10T00:12:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"21313 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=21313","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/27/science-on-the-spot-green-eggs-by-the-gram-sustainable-caviar/","disqusTitle":"Science on the SPOT: Green Eggs By The Gram - Sustainable Caviar","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/u4X7CQbj9ts","path":"/quest/21313/science-on-the-spot-green-eggs-by-the-gram-sustainable-caviar","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21331\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-21331\" title=\"caviar (81)_640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/caviar-81_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"White sturgeon farmed by Sterling Caviar\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four-year-old white sturgeons farmed by Sterling Caviar in Sacramento County. Photo: Jenny Oh\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sturgeons, the fish whose eggs are known as caviar, have been around for about 250 million years. These giants are the largest of the freshwater fish and have been known to grow to over 4,000 pounds and live more than 100 years. But it took us only a couple hundred years to deplete their stocks around the world, to the point where most caviar is now harvested from farmed sturgeon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caviar is generally associated with the \u003ca href=\"http://geography.howstuffworks.com/oceans-and-seas/the-caspian-sea.htm\">Caspian Sea\u003c/a>, the large land-locked body of water surrounded by Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Sturgeon are such big animals and the females produce so many eggs (in the wild, eggs can make up as much as 25 percent of their bodyweight) that historically they were a great source of protein. The caviar was for royalty, with the lightest-colored, blond caviar being reserved for the tsar, in Russia, and the shah, in Iran. But this year, virtually \u003ca href=\"http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/quotas/sturgeon_intro.shtml\">no wild-harvested caviar\u003c/a> came out of that region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less known is the fact that in the late 1800s, the United States was a purveyor of wild-harvested caviar to the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here in California, they were harvesting millions of pounds in the late 1800s. And actually there was a town in New Jersey called Caviar, which was the world-leading exporter of caviar,” said Peter Struffeneger, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sterlingcaviar.com/\">Sterling Caviar\u003c/a>, one of the two companies in California that farm sturgeon for caviar. “But within a span of 30 years they wiped it out. They closed down all fishing from about 1905 to the 1950s, 1960s, depending on which river, for the stocks to recover. And most of them have only gotten back to a point where there’s a limited sport fish for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two species of sturgeon are native to California: the \u003ca href=\"http://calfish.ucdavis.edu/species/?uid=113&ds=241\">white sturgeon \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/Resources/Sturgeon/index.asp\">green sturgeon\u003c/a>. The green sturgeon is a threatened species and can’t even be fished by sport fishermen. Anglers in California can only catch \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/sportfishing_regs2011.asp#tips\">three white sturgeon per year \u003c/a>and need a special card from the state’s Department of Fish and Game to do so. White sturgeons have been plentiful in the Bay Area in 2011, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/marinnews/ci_18192560\">this report\u003c/a>. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/news/news04/04040.html\">sturgeon poaching \u003c/a>remains a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We filmed the caviar harvest at Sterling Caviar’s processing plant in Sacramento County. Sterling Caviar is one of only two companies in California, and a handful around the country, that are raising sturgeon for caviar and meat. (Sterling Caviar ships most of the meat overseas, though some ends up in Brooklyn, where it’s prized by the Russian community).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever wondered why caviar is so expensive (an ounce of Sterling’s highest-grade caviar goes for close to $90 \u003ca href=\"http://www.sterlingcaviar.com/details.asp?ItemID=57&loc=3\">on its Web site\u003c/a>), one reason is that even in the best of circumstances, you can only harvest a small amount of it, said Struffeneger. It takes eight to 10 years for Sterling’s female sturgeons to produce eggs. The other reason for the high price, said Struffeneger, is caviar’s unique flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe a hint of the ocean to it, but not an overbearing saltiness,” he said. “It should hit your taste buds and it actually explodes and you get this ‘wow’ sensation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with \u003ca href=\"http://caba.ucdavis.edu/faculty/dir/sidorosh\">Serge Doroshov\u003c/a>, a University of California, Davis, scientist who pioneered sturgeon farming in California, Sterling Caviar has figured out ways to \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/content/media/MBA_SeafoodWatch_AquacultureCriteraMethodology.pdf\">farm sustainably\u003c/a>. When the company started out, in the early 1980s, it got permits from the Department of Fish and Game to take white sturgeon from the Sacramento River. But in 1994 the company figured out how to spawn its own females, and since then it hasn’t taken any fish from the wild. And Sterling’s sturgeons are fed fish meal made from sustainably fished sardines and menhaden from Peru and Chile, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Struffeneger, who has degrees in marine and fisheries biology, the United States isn't doing enough to encourage aquaculture. As a result, he said, the country imports 82 percent of the fish we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish farming is the only way forward, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t increase the supply out of the oceans without doing what happened to sturgeon, destroying the resource,” he said. “One hundred years from now we’ll look back at this as a very transitional period in which we’ve really changed from a hunting-and-gathering society for our seafood to a farming-and-ranching society for our seafood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/Caviar_Slideshow/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x393\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"393\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/21313/science-on-the-spot-green-eggs-by-the-gram-sustainable-caviar","authors":["6186"],"series":["quest_3296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3229","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_9912","quest_326","quest_513","quest_1099","quest_9916","quest_13","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_9914","quest_2816","quest_9913","quest_2846","quest_13364","quest_3071","quest_9915"],"collections":["quest_3354"],"featImg":"quest_21375","label":"quest_3296"},"quest_11167":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11167","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11167","score":null,"sort":[1292520230000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","title":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","publishDate":1292520230,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers meet in the area between the city of Lodi and the Carquinez Strait to form what we simply refer to as ‘The Delta’ in central and northern California. The term ‘delta’ is derived from the triangle-shaped Greek letter of the same name and was originally applied to where the Nile River meets the Mediterranean Sea. The triangular shape forms as the single Nile River channel splits into numerous smaller river channels, which then split again, and so on, spreading out over a vast low-lying area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/delta3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest411.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the Nile Delta.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has this classic, triangular shape but with a major caveat — it’s inverted. That is, instead of the delta splitting into numerous channels in a downstream direction, it is characterized by numerous channels coming together in a downstream direction. The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain this rather unique delta geometry. Unlike the Nile, Amazon, Mississippi, and other major river systems, the location where the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers meet sea level is: (1) well inland of the coast and (2) strongly controlled by the topography of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg 962w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is known as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.answers.com/topic/bay-head-delta\">bay-head delta\u003c/a>, which is when a delta forms at the head of a large estuary like the San Francisco Bay. When \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/02/the-importance-of-studying-the-history-of-sea-level-change-in-san-francisco-bay/\">sea level was much lower during the last ice age\u003c/a> the river met the sea at the position of the Farallon Islands. As sea level rose and the valleys that are now the Bay flooded, the river mouth moved inland to its current position. The complex topography of the Bay Area — a result of active faulting associated with the San Andreas, Hayward, and other faults — has forced the channels in the delta to come together at Carquinez Strait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/reports/sea_level_rise/gmap.html\">sea-level rise will affect the delta region\u003c/a>, especially Suisun and Grizzly Bays, significantly. Even a relatively small rise will change the character of these wetland areas. Further east, near Antioch and Lodi, the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.com/usgs/california-delta-subsidence/\">delta is actively subsiding (sinking)\u003c/a>, which could exacerbate the negative effects of a rising sea level even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Images: (1) Nile River Delta; credit: \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nile_delta_landsat_false_color.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>, (2) Basemap from \u003ca href=\"http://www.flashearth.com/\">FlashEarth\u003c/a>, annotation by me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.09771315431724 -121.56623837538064\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain the unique geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1292520230,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":390},"headData":{"title":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta | KQED","description":"The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain the unique geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","datePublished":"2010-12-16T17:23:50.000Z","dateModified":"2010-12-16T17:23:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11167 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11167","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/16/the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta/","disqusTitle":"The Unique Geometry of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","path":"/quest/11167/the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers meet in the area between the city of Lodi and the Carquinez Strait to form what we simply refer to as ‘The Delta’ in central and northern California. The term ‘delta’ is derived from the triangle-shaped Greek letter of the same name and was originally applied to where the Nile River meets the Mediterranean Sea. The triangular shape forms as the single Nile River channel splits into numerous smaller river channels, which then split again, and so on, spreading out over a vast low-lying area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/delta3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest411.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the Nile Delta.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has this classic, triangular shape but with a major caveat — it’s inverted. That is, instead of the delta splitting into numerous channels in a downstream direction, it is characterized by numerous channels coming together in a downstream direction. The geologic history of the greater Bay Area helps explain this rather unique delta geometry. Unlike the Nile, Amazon, Mississippi, and other major river systems, the location where the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers meet sea level is: (1) well inland of the coast and (2) strongly controlled by the topography of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51.jpg 962w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/quest51-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is known as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.answers.com/topic/bay-head-delta\">bay-head delta\u003c/a>, which is when a delta forms at the head of a large estuary like the San Francisco Bay. When \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/09/02/the-importance-of-studying-the-history-of-sea-level-change-in-san-francisco-bay/\">sea level was much lower during the last ice age\u003c/a> the river met the sea at the position of the Farallon Islands. As sea level rose and the valleys that are now the Bay flooded, the river mouth moved inland to its current position. The complex topography of the Bay Area — a result of active faulting associated with the San Andreas, Hayward, and other faults — has forced the channels in the delta to come together at Carquinez Strait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/reports/sea_level_rise/gmap.html\">sea-level rise will affect the delta region\u003c/a>, especially Suisun and Grizzly Bays, significantly. Even a relatively small rise will change the character of these wetland areas. Further east, near Antioch and Lodi, the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.com/usgs/california-delta-subsidence/\">delta is actively subsiding (sinking)\u003c/a>, which could exacerbate the negative effects of a rising sea level even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Images: (1) Nile River Delta; credit: \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nile_delta_landsat_false_color.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>, (2) Basemap from \u003ca href=\"http://www.flashearth.com/\">FlashEarth\u003c/a>, annotation by me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.09771315431724 -121.56623837538064\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11167/the-unique-geometry-of-the-sacramento-san-joaquin-delta","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_33","quest_2559","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_11170","label":"quest"},"quest_10428":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_10428","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"10428","score":null,"sort":[1290110233000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay","title":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy","publishDate":1290110233,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Suspended Sediment Concentration in the San Francisco Bay, USGS. Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the image.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the gold extracted from the Sierra foothills during the Gold Rush was in placer deposits. That is, it was mixed with the rest of the sediment naturally eroding from the mountainside. Flecks of gold have a greater density than almost all the other particles and, thus, can be concentrated through natural water movement. A similar process is seen when you go to the beach. When the mixture of minerals and waves are just right you might notice darker grains of sand creating streaks or patches in the wet sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miners had to devise ways to extract the gold because it was still a minor component even in rich placer deposits. Methods like panning and simple equipment like sluice boxes were used with moving water to enhance the natural mineral separation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all this relatively easy-to-get gold was extracted from the streams and rivers prospectors turned to \u003ca href=\"http://museumca.org/goldrush/fever19-hy.html\">hydraulic mining\u003c/a> to obtain the riches. Hydraulic mining was the process of using high-powered water canons to artificially erode gold-bearing hills made of sedimentary deposits. These sedimentary deposits were ancient stream beds that contained gold in placer deposits much like the modern streams did. Essentially, hydraulic mining eroded ancient river sediment from the hillside and diverted the material into the modern river where miners then extracted the gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the activity of hydraulic mining devastated the local environment. The landscape was scarred and the mountain streams choked with gravel and sediment. And the effects weren't just local. These rivers and streams flowed into the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/12/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\">San Joaquin River\u003c/a> and Sacramento River and deposited some of this sediment in the Central Valley causing flooding and navigation problems. Some of the finer sediment was transported even further, to the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of hydraulic mining practices are still measurable in the Bay today. Geologists from the USGS are studying the amount of sediment the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta delivers to the Bay and are finding that the Gold Rush-induced sediment levels \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128113664\">might be diminishing\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"[USGS geologist David Schoellhamer] says all the extra sediment has finally worked its way past the Golden Gate. The bay's water is about 30 percent clearer than it was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is taken many decades for this complex sediment delivery system to reach a new equilibrium. However, the readjustment of the estuary to these 'new' conditions might create new problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"Less sediment in the bay could spell trouble if scientists' predictions about rising sea levels come to pass. These delicate tidal marshes could be inundated over the next century.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I find fascinating, yet also extremely challenging, is how the choices we've made as a civilization over the decades and centuries combine and sum to create the issues we face right now. There are no simple answers. Regardless of how well-intentioned some environmental programs may be there will always be some uncertainty about how natural systems respond. Continuing scientific research of these systems will reduce that uncertainty and inform policy decisions of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #333333\">\u003cem>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/sfbay/sedtrans/\">California Water Science Center\u003c/a>; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"USGS geologists are finding that Gold Rush-induced sediment levels in the San Francisco bay might be diminishing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1316650215,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":539},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy | KQED","description":"USGS geologists are finding that Gold Rush-induced sediment levels in the San Francisco bay might be diminishing.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy","datePublished":"2010-11-18T19:57:13.000Z","dateModified":"2011-09-22T00:10:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"10428 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10428","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/18/gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay/","disqusTitle":"San Francisco Bay Slowly Recovering From Gold Rush Miners' Devastating Legacy","path":"/quest/10428/gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Suspended Sediment Concentration in the San Francisco Bay, USGS. Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/ruhl1.jpg\">here\u003c/a> for a larger version of the image.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the gold extracted from the Sierra foothills during the Gold Rush was in placer deposits. That is, it was mixed with the rest of the sediment naturally eroding from the mountainside. Flecks of gold have a greater density than almost all the other particles and, thus, can be concentrated through natural water movement. A similar process is seen when you go to the beach. When the mixture of minerals and waves are just right you might notice darker grains of sand creating streaks or patches in the wet sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miners had to devise ways to extract the gold because it was still a minor component even in rich placer deposits. Methods like panning and simple equipment like sluice boxes were used with moving water to enhance the natural mineral separation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When all this relatively easy-to-get gold was extracted from the streams and rivers prospectors turned to \u003ca href=\"http://museumca.org/goldrush/fever19-hy.html\">hydraulic mining\u003c/a> to obtain the riches. Hydraulic mining was the process of using high-powered water canons to artificially erode gold-bearing hills made of sedimentary deposits. These sedimentary deposits were ancient stream beds that contained gold in placer deposits much like the modern streams did. Essentially, hydraulic mining eroded ancient river sediment from the hillside and diverted the material into the modern river where miners then extracted the gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/800px-Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor1-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the activity of hydraulic mining devastated the local environment. The landscape was scarred and the mountain streams choked with gravel and sediment. And the effects weren't just local. These rivers and streams flowed into the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/12/geologic-context-and-history-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\">San Joaquin River\u003c/a> and Sacramento River and deposited some of this sediment in the Central Valley causing flooding and navigation problems. Some of the finer sediment was transported even further, to the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of hydraulic mining practices are still measurable in the Bay today. Geologists from the USGS are studying the amount of sediment the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta delivers to the Bay and are finding that the Gold Rush-induced sediment levels \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128113664\">might be diminishing\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"[USGS geologist David Schoellhamer] says all the extra sediment has finally worked its way past the Golden Gate. The bay's water is about 30 percent clearer than it was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is taken many decades for this complex sediment delivery system to reach a new equilibrium. However, the readjustment of the estuary to these 'new' conditions might create new problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #800000\">\u003cem>\"Less sediment in the bay could spell trouble if scientists' predictions about rising sea levels come to pass. These delicate tidal marshes could be inundated over the next century.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I find fascinating, yet also extremely challenging, is how the choices we've made as a civilization over the decades and centuries combine and sum to create the issues we face right now. There are no simple answers. Regardless of how well-intentioned some environmental programs may be there will always be some uncertainty about how natural systems respond. Continuing scientific research of these systems will reduce that uncertainty and inform policy decisions of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #333333\">\u003cem>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov/sfbay/sedtrans/\">California Water Science Center\u003c/a>; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Sandham_-_The_Monitor.jpg\">Wikipedia\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/10428/gold-rush-sediment-in-the-san-francisco-bay","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_1232","quest_1233","quest_2472","quest_2473","quest_2487","quest_33","quest_2576"],"featImg":"quest_10454","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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