Producer's Notes: QUEST Lab - Properties of Plastic
Producer's Notes: The Plastic Breakdown
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She has written for the Berkeley Science Review and the UC Museum of Paleontology’s Understanding Evolution and Understanding Science websites.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jennifer Skene | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jennifer-skene"},"jon-fromer":{"type":"authors","id":"10214","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10214","found":true},"name":"Jon Fromer","firstName":"Jon","lastName":"Fromer","slug":"jon-fromer","email":"jfromer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jon Fromer has been producing compelling television since 1970. He started out at KRON-TV when it was the Bay Area NBC affiliate and worked there for 23 years. He’s been with KQED for the past 16 years. Jon’s work has a human touch that has earned him high ratings from viewers as well from his peers in the broadcast industry. He’s received honors for a wide range of work, from documentaries and news programs to youth series and cultural specials. A partial list of awards for Jon’s work includes a dozen Northern California EMMYs and one national EMMY as well as two Iris Awards from the National Assoc. of Television Program Executives and two Broadcast Industry Awards. His long running, hip hop based/issue oriented series for teenagers, “Home Turf,” was a 4-time winner at the American Children’s Television Festival. Jon is also an award-winning singer/songwriter and guitarist.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/756edca05c3130ee8572e7e73a31eacb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jon Fromer | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/756edca05c3130ee8572e7e73a31eacb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/756edca05c3130ee8572e7e73a31eacb?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jon-fromer"},"kerrygrens":{"type":"authors","id":"10230","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10230","found":true},"name":"Kerry Grens","firstName":"Kerry","lastName":"Grens","slug":"kerrygrens","email":"kgrens@whyy.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Kerry Grens has been a health and science reporter at WHYY since 2007, filing stories for radio, tv and web. Her radio career began through a AAAS fellowship at KUNC in Colorado, and Kerry has since worked as a reporter at New Hampshire Public Radio and The Scientist magazine. Her stories have appeared on NPR, Marketplace, Voice of America and in Nature magazine, and she is a regular contributor to Reuters Health. Kerry's reporting has earned numerous awards from state chapters of the Society of Professional Journalists and the AP Broadcasters Association. Kerry has a bachelors degree in biology from Loyola University Chicago and a master's degree in biological sciences from Stanford University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e48884329c76690d88bd508e095fa715?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kerry Grens | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e48884329c76690d88bd508e095fa715?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e48884329c76690d88bd508e095fa715?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kerrygrens"},"toddwitter":{"type":"authors","id":"10235","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10235","found":true},"name":"Todd Witter","firstName":"Todd","lastName":"Witter","slug":"toddwitter","email":"todd.witter@wpr.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Before joining the world of public radio, Todd was a drummer with several Chicago-area bands and managed to find himself performing on MTV’s “Club MTV with Downtown Julie Brown.” Knowing he couldn’t top that musical accomplishment, Todd moved on to greater auditory territory by becoming the local host of Morning Edition in the booming metropolis of Rhinelander, Wisconsin – Home of the Hodag! Since then, Todd has worked as a freelance producer for the environment news service, The Great Lakes Radio Consortium (now The Environment Report), writes, edits and produces stories and essays on life in Wisconsin for Wisconsin Public Radio, and has been the producer of several nationally-distributed programs from WPR, including Public Radio International’s Michael Feldman’s Whad’Ya Know?","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/29d0f2ce08961892f4a735a72ef7747c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Todd Witter | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/29d0f2ce08961892f4a735a72ef7747c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/29d0f2ce08961892f4a735a72ef7747c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/toddwitter"},"finnryan":{"type":"authors","id":"10304","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10304","found":true},"name":"Finn Ryan","firstName":"Finn","lastName":"Ryan","slug":"finnryan","email":"Finn.Ryan@ecb.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Finn Ryan is a producer and educator based in Madison, Wisconsin. His recent project, Climate Wisconsin features multimedia stories and interactive data exploring local climate change. Stories from Climate Wisconsin have been featured in film festivals, education centers, and projects like 24 Hours of Climate Reality. As a multimedia producer for the Wisconsin Educational Communications Board, a state public media agency, he is collaborating with Wisconsin Public Radio and Wisconsin Public Television, and KQED to produce environmental science stories for QUEST.\r\n\r\nFinn has worked as a high school special education teacher and co-founded an outdoor education program. He holds a bachelor's degree in special education and English, and a master's in curriculum and instruction, all from the University of Wisconsin, Madison.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/05f68c738e1f733b444ee4eec955b180?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Finn Ryan | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/05f68c738e1f733b444ee4eec955b180?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/05f68c738e1f733b444ee4eec955b180?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/finnryan"},"maryfecteau":{"type":"authors","id":"10426","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10426","found":true},"name":"Mary Fecteau","firstName":"Mary","lastName":"Fecteau","slug":"maryfecteau","email":"Mary.Fecteau@ideastream.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Mary Fecteau is an Educational Multimedia Producer at WVIZ/PBS ideastream. A native of Rhode Island, she began her career in 2007 at ThinkTV in Dayton, Ohio. Traveling the state for the magazine program Our Ohio, she’s covered everything from chili in Cincinnati, to coral farms in Columbus, to the infamous Cuyahoga River in Cleveland – and was awarded an Ohio Valley Regional Emmy for her work in 2010. She’s currently concentrating on web-based science and educational media, having completed several STEM-focused videos for ideastream. Mary holds a BA in Film from California State University, Long Beach and an MA in Public Media from Ohio University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6986a92e4816fc55d42f730b7672e7cc?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mary Fecteau | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6986a92e4816fc55d42f730b7672e7cc?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6986a92e4816fc55d42f730b7672e7cc?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/maryfecteau"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_50654":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50654","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50654","score":null,"sort":[1370530835000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"recycling-a-house","title":"Recycling a House","publishDate":1370530835,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-55762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\" alt=\"recycling_featured\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think about recycling, you may picture newspapers stacked neatly on your curb for pickup, or those ubiquitous blue bins around your office filled with bottles and cans. But items like papers, plastics and glass represent only a fraction of what we could be recycling. Across America, landfills are still expanding rapidly. One of the major culprits is the debris from housing construction and demolition—much of which could actually be recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People understand it’s not right to just throw things away,” says Robert Chapman, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.warmtraining.org/wordpress/home/\">WARM Training Center\u003c/a>. “If you’re going to recycle a water bottle, how about recycling houses? It’s the same idea.” WARM Training Center is a Detroit-based nonprofit that trains building professionals and others in an effort to establish a local green-building workforce. In 2011, they founded \u003ca href=\"http://reclaimingdetroit.org/\">Reclaim Detroit\u003c/a>, a subsidiary nonprofit with a mission to divert construction and demolition material from landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55765 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\" alt=\"A worker from Reclaim Detroit salvages wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker from Reclaim Detroit removes wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Detroit, a city that epitomizes the slow and steady decline of the U.S. manufacturing industry, the residential vacancy rate hovers near 30% and neighborhoods have been hollowed out. “Detroit, in 1960, was a city of almost 2 million people. Right now, it’s estimated around 750,000,” says Chapman. Left jobless by shuttered manufacturers, people fled, leaving tens of thousands of vacant homes in their wake. In this context, demolition is often seen as a welcome alternative to blight. But, according to Chapman, demolition is not the only solution. “There are a lot of homes that were built in the 1910s, 20s and 30s—when Detroit was really booming—that were really solidly built. Instead of pushing a house down and throwing it into a big hole, if we can take it apart carefully and find ways to reuse that, we can give them new life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-55708 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\" alt=\"What parts of a house can be recycled?\" width=\"576\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1440x950.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As opposed to demolition, which implies reducing a structure to rubble, the process that Chapman’s company employs is more like reverse assembly. It’s a careful and time-consuming approach, which is being dubbed as “deconstruction” by practitioners. “Deconstruction is more of a hands-on approach to razing a structure,” says Igor Rae. Rae owns\u003ca href=\"http://www.greendeconstructionservices.net/\"> Green Deconstruction\u003c/a> further south in Cleveland, a city which has also felt the effects of population loss. “It’s all being done by hand and you’re really kind of reverse-engineering a house. You’re taking things apart in a backwards way from how it was built.” Rae, who has worked in residential restoration and remodeling for 25 years, started Green Deconstruction for projects that range from “soft stripping” —salvaging a few prime architectural elements—to a full home deconstruction, which can recycle as much as 250-300 tons or 85-90% of a house. “This is a good way of handling old items without clogging up landfills. I’ve always hated, in the decades that I’ve been in the construction business, throwing out certain things,” says Rae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\" alt=\"flooring\" width=\"414\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salvaged wood in the Reclaim Detroit warehouse. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One material that’s especially hard to part with is the old-growth lumber found in many older Rustbelt homes. “I heard someone say once that our old-growth forests are still standing, but they’re standing inside of houses,” says Robert Chapman. Rare timbers like Douglas fir, poplar, cherry and oak line windows, make up doors and often form the frames of older homes. According to Igor Rae, old-growth timbers are extremely stable dimensionally, are more rot-resistant and have a lifespan that far exceeds the fast-growth wood that is prevalent today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\" wp-image-55708 \">For the right person, these homes are a goldmine, but finding the right person—or, more accurately, the right \u003cem>people\u003c/em>—is still a challenge. Says Rae, “We’re doing our little part, but there’s a whole world out there. Frankly, we need more people that want things made out of old stuff or who want to recycle things. That’s what is, ultimately, going to drive the business.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Construction companies in the Rustbelt tackle the problem of old, abandoned houses with a new vision for recycling; board by board and brick by brick.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370547838,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":742},"headData":{"title":"Recycling a House | KQED","description":"Construction companies in the Rustbelt tackle the problem of old, abandoned houses with a new vision for recycling; board by board and brick by brick.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"50654 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50654","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/06/06/recycling-a-house/","disqusTitle":"Recycling a House","path":"/quest/50654/recycling-a-house","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-55762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg\" alt=\"recycling_featured\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/recycling_featured1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think about recycling, you may picture newspapers stacked neatly on your curb for pickup, or those ubiquitous blue bins around your office filled with bottles and cans. But items like papers, plastics and glass represent only a fraction of what we could be recycling. Across America, landfills are still expanding rapidly. One of the major culprits is the debris from housing construction and demolition—much of which could actually be recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People understand it’s not right to just throw things away,” says Robert Chapman, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.warmtraining.org/wordpress/home/\">WARM Training Center\u003c/a>. “If you’re going to recycle a water bottle, how about recycling houses? It’s the same idea.” WARM Training Center is a Detroit-based nonprofit that trains building professionals and others in an effort to establish a local green-building workforce. In 2011, they founded \u003ca href=\"http://reclaimingdetroit.org/\">Reclaim Detroit\u003c/a>, a subsidiary nonprofit with a mission to divert construction and demolition material from landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55765 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg\" alt=\"A worker from Reclaim Detroit salvages wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\" width=\"381\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/salvaging_wood-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker from Reclaim Detroit removes wood from a vacant home. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Detroit, a city that epitomizes the slow and steady decline of the U.S. manufacturing industry, the residential vacancy rate hovers near 30% and neighborhoods have been hollowed out. “Detroit, in 1960, was a city of almost 2 million people. Right now, it’s estimated around 750,000,” says Chapman. Left jobless by shuttered manufacturers, people fled, leaving tens of thousands of vacant homes in their wake. In this context, demolition is often seen as a welcome alternative to blight. But, according to Chapman, demolition is not the only solution. “There are a lot of homes that were built in the 1910s, 20s and 30s—when Detroit was really booming—that were really solidly built. Instead of pushing a house down and throwing it into a big hole, if we can take it apart carefully and find ways to reuse that, we can give them new life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-55708 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg\" alt=\"What parts of a house can be recycled?\" width=\"576\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1440x950.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/decon_graphic_final_6_3-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As opposed to demolition, which implies reducing a structure to rubble, the process that Chapman’s company employs is more like reverse assembly. It’s a careful and time-consuming approach, which is being dubbed as “deconstruction” by practitioners. “Deconstruction is more of a hands-on approach to razing a structure,” says Igor Rae. Rae owns\u003ca href=\"http://www.greendeconstructionservices.net/\"> Green Deconstruction\u003c/a> further south in Cleveland, a city which has also felt the effects of population loss. “It’s all being done by hand and you’re really kind of reverse-engineering a house. You’re taking things apart in a backwards way from how it was built.” Rae, who has worked in residential restoration and remodeling for 25 years, started Green Deconstruction for projects that range from “soft stripping” —salvaging a few prime architectural elements—to a full home deconstruction, which can recycle as much as 250-300 tons or 85-90% of a house. “This is a good way of handling old items without clogging up landfills. I’ve always hated, in the decades that I’ve been in the construction business, throwing out certain things,” says Rae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55763\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-55763 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg\" alt=\"flooring\" width=\"414\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/flooring-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salvaged wood in the Reclaim Detroit warehouse. Image Courtesy of Reclaim Detroit.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One material that’s especially hard to part with is the old-growth lumber found in many older Rustbelt homes. “I heard someone say once that our old-growth forests are still standing, but they’re standing inside of houses,” says Robert Chapman. Rare timbers like Douglas fir, poplar, cherry and oak line windows, make up doors and often form the frames of older homes. According to Igor Rae, old-growth timbers are extremely stable dimensionally, are more rot-resistant and have a lifespan that far exceeds the fast-growth wood that is prevalent today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\" wp-image-55708 \">For the right person, these homes are a goldmine, but finding the right person—or, more accurately, the right \u003cem>people\u003c/em>—is still a challenge. Says Rae, “We’re doing our little part, but there’s a whole world out there. Frankly, we need more people that want things made out of old stuff or who want to recycle things. That’s what is, ultimately, going to drive the business.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50654/recycling-a-house","authors":["10426"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_12021","quest_12039","quest_12038","quest_12040","quest_12043","quest_12045","quest_3293","quest_12044","quest_2388","quest_12042","quest_12041","quest_12046"],"featImg":"quest_55125","label":"quest"},"quest_42715":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_42715","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"42715","score":null,"sort":[1345137949000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanfords-signature-sandstone","title":"Stanford's Signature Sandstone","publishDate":1345137949,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>These days, crowds of matriculating freshmen are being led by docents around the iconic campus of Stanford University. Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the warm sandstone of Stanford's historic core is special. The stone has a Bay Area source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/11/what-happens-to-old-quarries/\">The Bay Area's quarries\u003c/a> are good for crushed stone, but not dimension stone. Generally, the rock around here has been shaken and folded so thoroughly that it's hard work to find decent blocks without fractures or alteration. We have some marble and limestone, but it's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">suitable only for making cement\u003c/a>. And we have some granite, but for usable stuff in commercial quantities builders look east to the Sierra Nevada or out of state. The exception is the golden \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/more_sedrocks/a/aboutsandstone.htm\">sandstone\u003c/a> formerly quarried in the Santa Teresa Hills, south of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Teresa Hills are a little outlier of the Santa Cruz Mountains that almost plug the south end of the Santa Clara Valley. Route 85 passes north of them and the Almaden Expressway runs to their south. Here they are in Google Maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegoomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42724\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42724\" title=\"stanstonegoomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap-400x267.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their rocks are largely the typical Bay Area rocks that builders spurn—Franciscan melange and metavolcanic rocks of the Coast Range Ophiolite—but the spine of the western end of the hills is made of a much younger, well-sorted sandstone of Eocene age, about 35 million years old. It's labeled \"Tls\" in this excerpt from the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-795/\">San Jose Quadrangle geologic map\u003c/a>. The same rock underlies the peak of Loma Prieta and the crest of the Sierra Azul, across the intervening \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-new-almaden/\">New Almaden block\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42723\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42723\" title=\"stanstonegeomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap-400x275.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Units Tls and Tcm (Tertiary rocks of Loma Chiquita Ridge and Mount Chuar) belong to the Sierra Azul block; the surrounding serpentinite (Jsp) and melange (fm) and basaltic lava (fpv) are much older and belong to the New Almaden block (lower left). Units marked \"Q\" are sediments.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can visit the source by taking Camden Avenue east from the Almaden Expressway. Then turn left on Graystone Lane, where starting in the 1880s the Greystone Quarry shipped stone direct to Stanford from Leland Stanford's private rail spur. Just across Alamitos Creek is this old stone shed dating from around 1875, with an E Clampus Vitus sign telling its history. On the geologic map it's just under the \"Tls\" label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-hut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42719\" title=\"stanford-stone-hut\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut-400x312.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scars of the quarry itself, which closed in 1906, are long gone, but in many places along the hill you can spot the sandstone cropping out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-crop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42718\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42718\" title=\"stanford-stone-crop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its native state, mottled with lichens and sculpted by wind and water, it does nice things with light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-light/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42720\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42720\" title=\"stanford-stone-light\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erosion also reveals some of the details of the stone. Parts of it are dotted with pebbles, and subtle bedding features cause the rock to flake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-close/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42717\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42717\" title=\"stanford-stone-close\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good building stone had to be selected with care, but in the end there was plenty for the new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-top/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42722\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42722\" title=\"stanford-stone-top\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This signature stone was also used for some other noteworthy buildings, including the Carson City Mint in Nevada (now the state museum), Lick Observatory, and the Post Office building that now houses the San Jose Museum of Art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake destroyed many of Stanford's original buildings, and the stones were stockpiled and dumped in many places around the campus. The 1989 earthquake added more of the sandstone blocks to the campus boneyard. When artist Andy Goldsworthy was commissioned to create something at Stanford, he was enchanted by this old material. In 2001 he and a crew of traditional English dry-stone wallers used it to construct \"Stone River\", just east of the Art Museum parking lot a stone's throw from the Oval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-river/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42721\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42721\" title=\"stanford-stone-river\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a long, sinuous form set in an excavation, like something uncovered by archaeologists. Its shape also hearkens after a streamcourse, like so many Bay Area creeks that have been covered over in our cities. But for me, it works as a seismogram trace. And the builders' tool marks evoke the cycles of human use and reuse that stones have always endured—just another form of erosion in a rock's long journey from sand to sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stone-river-stones/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42716\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42716\" title=\"stone-river-stones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the golden sandstone of Stanford's historic core is one of a kind.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1346782079,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":689},"headData":{"title":"Stanford's Signature Sandstone | KQED","description":"Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the golden sandstone of Stanford's historic core is one of a kind.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"42715 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=42715","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/","disqusTitle":"Stanford's Signature Sandstone","path":"/quest/42715/stanfords-signature-sandstone","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>These days, crowds of matriculating freshmen are being led by docents around the iconic campus of Stanford University. Many prestigious schools feature stone buildings, but the warm sandstone of Stanford's historic core is special. The stone has a Bay Area source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/11/what-happens-to-old-quarries/\">The Bay Area's quarries\u003c/a> are good for crushed stone, but not dimension stone. Generally, the rock around here has been shaken and folded so thoroughly that it's hard work to find decent blocks without fractures or alteration. We have some marble and limestone, but it's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">suitable only for making cement\u003c/a>. And we have some granite, but for usable stuff in commercial quantities builders look east to the Sierra Nevada or out of state. The exception is the golden \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/more_sedrocks/a/aboutsandstone.htm\">sandstone\u003c/a> formerly quarried in the Santa Teresa Hills, south of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Teresa Hills are a little outlier of the Santa Cruz Mountains that almost plug the south end of the Santa Clara Valley. Route 85 passes north of them and the Almaden Expressway runs to their south. Here they are in Google Maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegoomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42724\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42724\" title=\"stanstonegoomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegoomap-400x267.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their rocks are largely the typical Bay Area rocks that builders spurn—Franciscan melange and metavolcanic rocks of the Coast Range Ophiolite—but the spine of the western end of the hills is made of a much younger, well-sorted sandstone of Eocene age, about 35 million years old. It's labeled \"Tls\" in this excerpt from the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-795/\">San Jose Quadrangle geologic map\u003c/a>. The same rock underlies the peak of Loma Prieta and the crest of the Sierra Azul, across the intervening \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-new-almaden/\">New Almaden block\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanstonegeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42723\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42723\" title=\"stanstonegeomap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanstonegeomap-400x275.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Units Tls and Tcm (Tertiary rocks of Loma Chiquita Ridge and Mount Chuar) belong to the Sierra Azul block; the surrounding serpentinite (Jsp) and melange (fm) and basaltic lava (fpv) are much older and belong to the New Almaden block (lower left). Units marked \"Q\" are sediments.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can visit the source by taking Camden Avenue east from the Almaden Expressway. Then turn left on Graystone Lane, where starting in the 1880s the Greystone Quarry shipped stone direct to Stanford from Leland Stanford's private rail spur. Just across Alamitos Creek is this old stone shed dating from around 1875, with an E Clampus Vitus sign telling its history. On the geologic map it's just under the \"Tls\" label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_42719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-hut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-42719\" title=\"stanford-stone-hut\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-hut-400x312.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scars of the quarry itself, which closed in 1906, are long gone, but in many places along the hill you can spot the sandstone cropping out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-crop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42718\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42718\" title=\"stanford-stone-crop\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-crop-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its native state, mottled with lichens and sculpted by wind and water, it does nice things with light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-light/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42720\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42720\" title=\"stanford-stone-light\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-light-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erosion also reveals some of the details of the stone. Parts of it are dotted with pebbles, and subtle bedding features cause the rock to flake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-close/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42717\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42717\" title=\"stanford-stone-close\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-close-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good building stone had to be selected with care, but in the end there was plenty for the new campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-top/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42722\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42722\" title=\"stanford-stone-top\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-top-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This signature stone was also used for some other noteworthy buildings, including the Carson City Mint in Nevada (now the state museum), Lick Observatory, and the Post Office building that now houses the San Jose Museum of Art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake destroyed many of Stanford's original buildings, and the stones were stockpiled and dumped in many places around the campus. The 1989 earthquake added more of the sandstone blocks to the campus boneyard. When artist Andy Goldsworthy was commissioned to create something at Stanford, he was enchanted by this old material. In 2001 he and a crew of traditional English dry-stone wallers used it to construct \"Stone River\", just east of the Art Museum parking lot a stone's throw from the Oval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stanford-stone-river/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42721\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42721\" title=\"stanford-stone-river\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stanford-stone-river-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a long, sinuous form set in an excavation, like something uncovered by archaeologists. Its shape also hearkens after a streamcourse, like so many Bay Area creeks that have been covered over in our cities. But for me, it works as a seismogram trace. And the builders' tool marks evoke the cycles of human use and reuse that stones have always endured—just another form of erosion in a rock's long journey from sand to sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/16/stanfords-signature-sandstone/stone-river-stones/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-42716\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42716\" title=\"stone-river-stones\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/stone-river-stones-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/42715/stanfords-signature-sandstone","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_11371","quest_11372","quest_3724","quest_13202","quest_2388","quest_3747","quest_11370","quest_2774"],"featImg":"quest_42722","label":"quest"},"quest_29665":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_29665","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"29665","score":null,"sort":[1327334842000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank","title":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank","publishDate":1327334842,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29667\" title=\"HuntersPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think. As garbage decomposes, it gives off \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane\">methane\u003c/a>. Methane, when floating around in the atmosphere, is a harmful greenhouse gas; it traps 20 times more heat than CO2. But methane’s other moniker is natural gas, and is an important energy source. Methane from landfills can be captured and used to generate power and fuel vehicles—often the very same garbage trucks that brought the trash to the landfill in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landfills are not just giant heaps of rotting trash. At the base and sides of a landfill, the trash is separated from the natural world by thick plastic liner, which prevents the effluvia from decomposing garbage from entering the environment and contaminating the groundwater. The trash itself is strategically stacked in layers of cells—landfills can be hundreds of feet deep. Within the landfill, different microbes break down the trash via \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion\">anaerobic digestion\u003c/a>. The microbes produce methane gas as a waste product. There are other gases produced too; this mix of gases produced by anaerobic microbes is called biogas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old landfills are punctuated by pipes that collect the biogas, which is then burned to prevent the gas from entering the atmosphere (and prevent the neighbors from smelling the stink). Open flares are just what they sound like—little burning flames of methane. Closed flares filter out the contaminants before the smoke is released. Flaring the biogas at the landfill is probably the most common way of dealing with it. But it is an unfortunate waste of a potentially valuable fuel source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer landfills are built with methane collection in mind from the early stages of construction. Pipes can be buried in the landfill as it is filled with trash. Pipes can also be placed in wells drilled through the trash after the landfill has begun to be filled. A vacuum system collects the gas as the microbes produce it. The amount of gas a landfill produces depends on the volume of trash and the age of the landfill; eventually, the gas production will peak and then begin to taper off. Today’s big landfills, however, can produce biogas for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane collected from landfills can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html\">generate electricity\u003c/a> via a turbine or internal combustion engine. Often some of the electricity is used at the landfill to run equipment, and the rest is sold to the local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from biogas can be converted to compressed natural gas, which can be used as fuel for vehicles. In some areas, regulations stipulate that large fleets of vehicles (with more than about 50 trucks) are required to run on clean fuel. When biogas is converted to compressed natural gas, the vehicles can refuel at the landfill. Building a system that converts biogas into compressed natural gas is a big investment, but the fleet saves on fuel costs for decades. These kinds of biogas systems can be installed at anaerobic waste digesters at places like wastewater treatment plants, not just landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Landfill has taken things a step further, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/11/02/BUM81AE52U.DTL\">converting landfill biogas into liquefied natural gas\u003c/a>. First, impurities are removed, and then the gas is cooled down to a liquid state. This liquefied natural gas is used to fuel Waste Management’s garbage trucks. Altamont Landfill’s liquid natural gas system is the largest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, we should buy only what we need, recycle what we can, and be careful to compost everything that’s compostable. But it’s nice to know that something useful can come from plain old trash.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367350248,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":668},"headData":{"title":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank | KQED","description":"Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"29665 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=29665","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/23/methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank/","disqusTitle":"Methane Moves From Landfill to Fuel Tank","path":"/quest/29665/methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29667\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29667\" title=\"HuntersPoint\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/HuntersPoint-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Landfills, like this one at Hunter’s Point, produce methane, which can be used for electricity and fuel. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/535327861/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trash that ends up at a landfill is the ugly stepsister of hipper, cooler compostable kitchen scraps and recyclable bottles and cans. But landfill trash has more of a future than you might think. As garbage decomposes, it gives off \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane\">methane\u003c/a>. Methane, when floating around in the atmosphere, is a harmful greenhouse gas; it traps 20 times more heat than CO2. But methane’s other moniker is natural gas, and is an important energy source. Methane from landfills can be captured and used to generate power and fuel vehicles—often the very same garbage trucks that brought the trash to the landfill in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landfills are not just giant heaps of rotting trash. At the base and sides of a landfill, the trash is separated from the natural world by thick plastic liner, which prevents the effluvia from decomposing garbage from entering the environment and contaminating the groundwater. The trash itself is strategically stacked in layers of cells—landfills can be hundreds of feet deep. Within the landfill, different microbes break down the trash via \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion\">anaerobic digestion\u003c/a>. The microbes produce methane gas as a waste product. There are other gases produced too; this mix of gases produced by anaerobic microbes is called biogas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old landfills are punctuated by pipes that collect the biogas, which is then burned to prevent the gas from entering the atmosphere (and prevent the neighbors from smelling the stink). Open flares are just what they sound like—little burning flames of methane. Closed flares filter out the contaminants before the smoke is released. Flaring the biogas at the landfill is probably the most common way of dealing with it. But it is an unfortunate waste of a potentially valuable fuel source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newer landfills are built with methane collection in mind from the early stages of construction. Pipes can be buried in the landfill as it is filled with trash. Pipes can also be placed in wells drilled through the trash after the landfill has begun to be filled. A vacuum system collects the gas as the microbes produce it. The amount of gas a landfill produces depends on the volume of trash and the age of the landfill; eventually, the gas production will peak and then begin to taper off. Today’s big landfills, however, can produce biogas for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane collected from landfills can \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html\">generate electricity\u003c/a> via a turbine or internal combustion engine. Often some of the electricity is used at the landfill to run equipment, and the rest is sold to the local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from biogas can be converted to compressed natural gas, which can be used as fuel for vehicles. In some areas, regulations stipulate that large fleets of vehicles (with more than about 50 trucks) are required to run on clean fuel. When biogas is converted to compressed natural gas, the vehicles can refuel at the landfill. Building a system that converts biogas into compressed natural gas is a big investment, but the fleet saves on fuel costs for decades. These kinds of biogas systems can be installed at anaerobic waste digesters at places like wastewater treatment plants, not just landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Landfill has taken things a step further, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/11/02/BUM81AE52U.DTL\">converting landfill biogas into liquefied natural gas\u003c/a>. First, impurities are removed, and then the gas is cooled down to a liquid state. This liquefied natural gas is used to fuel Waste Management’s garbage trucks. Altamont Landfill’s liquid natural gas system is the largest in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, we should buy only what we need, recycle what we can, and be careful to compost everything that’s compostable. But it’s nice to know that something useful can come from plain old trash.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/29665/methane-moves-from-landfill-to-fuel-tank","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10637","quest_10638","quest_1607","quest_1801","quest_13202","quest_2388","quest_2986"],"featImg":"quest_29667","label":"quest"},"quest_20215":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20215","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20215","score":null,"sort":[1310682064000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"e-waste-programs-reach-milestone","title":"E-Waste Programs Reach Milestone","publishDate":1310682064,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Recycling in America | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":9815,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-wisconsin-ewaste.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\n\u003cem>Slideshow below produced by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/finnryan/\" title=\"Finn Ryan\" target=\"_blank\">Finn Ryan\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/wisconsin/\" title=\"QUEST Wisconsin\" target=\"_blank\">QUEST Wisconsin\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Every year, Americans throw away more than 300 million outdated lap tops, cell phones, printers, broken computer monitors and old television sets. But only 18-percent of all that electronic waste is recycled, according to the EPA. Hoping to cut down on the growing mountain of high-tech trash, two dozen states have passed laws that require the electronics industry to pay to set up recycling programs. But navigating this patchwork of legislation has been a challenge. From Wisconsin, Todd Witter reports.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/e-waste-circuitboards-univ640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20227\" title=\"e-waste-circuitboards-univ640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/e-waste-circuitboards-univ640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In a dark industrial building in south central Wisconsin, stacks of old television sets, computer monitors and electronic gadgets spread out as far as the eye can see..Jim Cornwell is the president of \u003ca href=\"http://universalrecyclers.com/\">Universal Recycling Technologies\u003c/a> in Janesville, Wisconsin and he's giving us a tour of what he calls the “cradle-to-grave” electronics recycling facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see behind the employees the conveyor with all the CRT picture tubes,” Corwell explains. “And those tubes are going up into the machine that separates the leaded glass from the borosilicate, or panel, glass. From there it goes into another machine that we built that actually cleans the glass so we can send it back to the glass manufacturers for reuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"http://www4.uwm.edu/shwec/publications/cabinet/recycling/Electronics%20Recycling_New%20Law1.pdf\">Wisconsin's E-waste law\u003c/a> took effect last year, Cornwell has added over 40 new employees at the Janesville facility. And while the state did not keep ewaste data before the program began, they have seen a 34% increase in ewaste collections in the last 6 months. The law has helped take in what would have languished in someone’s basement or, worse, been dumped illegally in a landfill. Illegal because all of that e-waste is loaded with nasty chemicals and heavy metals like lead, cadmium and mercury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheila Davis is executive director of the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, based in San Jose, California. Davis says that there are over 4,500 chemicals that are used to make a flat-panel display in your average television set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the same with your computer,” Davis adds. “There's over a thousand different kind of chemicals that go into making an integrated circuit board in your computer console. That's a lot of chemicals and when you throw them away, those chemicals go somewhere. And right now there's really not a safe place for them to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/e-waste-CRTscrap-univ640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20228\" title=\"e-waste-CRTscrap-univ640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/e-waste-CRTscrap-univ640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Wisconsin and 23 other states have enacted so-called “take-back” legislation over the past decade. The laws require electronics manufacturers to provide for the collection and recycling of e-waste. In Wisconsin, manufacturers need to collect and recycle 80 percent of the amount of electronics they sell in the state. If they can't collect that much, they're fined. But Wisconsin’s law is different than many of the other states with ewaste laws. And that’s making it difficult for electronics producers, says Walter Alcorn, a vice president with the Consumer Electronics Association, an industry group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s some, I believe 19 different sets of registration requirements that exist across the states,” Alcorn explains. “These create additional compliance costs that really don’t go toward getting more electronics recycled, which is ultimately the goal of this whole effort I believe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcorn adds that a federal E-waste law would eliminate some of the redundancies as well as what he calls the “dead weight” costs of administering 24 different programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are costs that don’t go toward collecting or recycling used electronics, but go to something else that would not be necessary if there were a national system for recycling electronics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there is a bill in Congress that would curtail E-waste exports to some developing countries, there is nothing in the works to coordinate producer responsibility. That’s because there is wide disagreement between the computer industry, TV industry, environmental groups, retailers, and other players over how strict a law should be, if there are fees involved, and other details that involve potentially billions of dollars in costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Linell is executive director of the National Center for Electronics Recycling, a non-profit organization that assists in promoting recycling programs across the country. He suggests that a national takeback law might be easier to administer, but not all manufacturers will embrace it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not something the industry will talk about a whole lot,” Linnell says. “But privately they’ll say, maybe it’s better that we only have 25 states now and not 50, because that’s a whole lot more people if we have all 50 states covered and potentially a whole lot more volume that we’d be responsible for collecting and funding the recycling of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New E-waste laws take effect this year in New York, New Jersey, South Carolina and Vermont. But even with them, one-third of Americans still live in states with no e-waste recycling laws. And until that changes, experts say, millions of obsolete cell phones, broken VCRs and unwanted TVs will keep heading for landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Audio Slideshow\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/wisconsin_ewaste_ss/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x393\" width=\"640\" height=\"393\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/issues/ca_e-waste/other_states\">E-waste lesislation passed in various U.S. states\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www4.uwm.edu/shwec/publications/cabinet/recycling/Electronics%20Recycling_New%20Law1.pdf\">Information on Wisconsin E-waste law\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Every year, only 18-percent of all American electronic waste is recycled, according to the EPA. Hoping to cut down on the growing mountain of high-tech trash, two dozen states have passed laws that require the electronics industry to pay to set up recycling programs. But navigating this patchwork of legislation has been a challenge.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443826105,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/wisconsin_ewaste_ss/_files/iframe.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":923},"headData":{"title":"E-Waste Programs Reach Milestone | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"20215 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/e-waste-programs-reach-milestone/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/e-waste-programs-reach-milestone/","disqusTitle":"E-Waste Programs Reach Milestone","path":"/quest/20215/e-waste-programs-reach-milestone","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-wisconsin-ewaste.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-wisconsin-ewaste.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\n\u003cem>Slideshow below produced by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/finnryan/\" title=\"Finn Ryan\" target=\"_blank\">Finn Ryan\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/wisconsin/\" title=\"QUEST Wisconsin\" target=\"_blank\">QUEST Wisconsin\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Every year, Americans throw away more than 300 million outdated lap tops, cell phones, printers, broken computer monitors and old television sets. But only 18-percent of all that electronic waste is recycled, according to the EPA. Hoping to cut down on the growing mountain of high-tech trash, two dozen states have passed laws that require the electronics industry to pay to set up recycling programs. But navigating this patchwork of legislation has been a challenge. From Wisconsin, Todd Witter reports.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/e-waste-circuitboards-univ640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20227\" title=\"e-waste-circuitboards-univ640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/e-waste-circuitboards-univ640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In a dark industrial building in south central Wisconsin, stacks of old television sets, computer monitors and electronic gadgets spread out as far as the eye can see..Jim Cornwell is the president of \u003ca href=\"http://universalrecyclers.com/\">Universal Recycling Technologies\u003c/a> in Janesville, Wisconsin and he's giving us a tour of what he calls the “cradle-to-grave” electronics recycling facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see behind the employees the conveyor with all the CRT picture tubes,” Corwell explains. “And those tubes are going up into the machine that separates the leaded glass from the borosilicate, or panel, glass. From there it goes into another machine that we built that actually cleans the glass so we can send it back to the glass manufacturers for reuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"http://www4.uwm.edu/shwec/publications/cabinet/recycling/Electronics%20Recycling_New%20Law1.pdf\">Wisconsin's E-waste law\u003c/a> took effect last year, Cornwell has added over 40 new employees at the Janesville facility. And while the state did not keep ewaste data before the program began, they have seen a 34% increase in ewaste collections in the last 6 months. The law has helped take in what would have languished in someone’s basement or, worse, been dumped illegally in a landfill. Illegal because all of that e-waste is loaded with nasty chemicals and heavy metals like lead, cadmium and mercury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheila Davis is executive director of the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, based in San Jose, California. Davis says that there are over 4,500 chemicals that are used to make a flat-panel display in your average television set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the same with your computer,” Davis adds. “There's over a thousand different kind of chemicals that go into making an integrated circuit board in your computer console. That's a lot of chemicals and when you throw them away, those chemicals go somewhere. And right now there's really not a safe place for them to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/e-waste-CRTscrap-univ640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20228\" title=\"e-waste-CRTscrap-univ640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/e-waste-CRTscrap-univ640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Wisconsin and 23 other states have enacted so-called “take-back” legislation over the past decade. The laws require electronics manufacturers to provide for the collection and recycling of e-waste. In Wisconsin, manufacturers need to collect and recycle 80 percent of the amount of electronics they sell in the state. If they can't collect that much, they're fined. But Wisconsin’s law is different than many of the other states with ewaste laws. And that’s making it difficult for electronics producers, says Walter Alcorn, a vice president with the Consumer Electronics Association, an industry group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s some, I believe 19 different sets of registration requirements that exist across the states,” Alcorn explains. “These create additional compliance costs that really don’t go toward getting more electronics recycled, which is ultimately the goal of this whole effort I believe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcorn adds that a federal E-waste law would eliminate some of the redundancies as well as what he calls the “dead weight” costs of administering 24 different programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are costs that don’t go toward collecting or recycling used electronics, but go to something else that would not be necessary if there were a national system for recycling electronics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there is a bill in Congress that would curtail E-waste exports to some developing countries, there is nothing in the works to coordinate producer responsibility. That’s because there is wide disagreement between the computer industry, TV industry, environmental groups, retailers, and other players over how strict a law should be, if there are fees involved, and other details that involve potentially billions of dollars in costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Linell is executive director of the National Center for Electronics Recycling, a non-profit organization that assists in promoting recycling programs across the country. He suggests that a national takeback law might be easier to administer, but not all manufacturers will embrace it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not something the industry will talk about a whole lot,” Linnell says. “But privately they’ll say, maybe it’s better that we only have 25 states now and not 50, because that’s a whole lot more people if we have all 50 states covered and potentially a whole lot more volume that we’d be responsible for collecting and funding the recycling of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New E-waste laws take effect this year in New York, New Jersey, South Carolina and Vermont. But even with them, one-third of Americans still live in states with no e-waste recycling laws. And until that changes, experts say, millions of obsolete cell phones, broken VCRs and unwanted TVs will keep heading for landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Audio Slideshow\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/wisconsin_ewaste_ss/_files/iframe.html?noscale=640x393\" width=\"640\" height=\"393\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cawrecycles.org/issues/ca_e-waste/other_states\">E-waste lesislation passed in various U.S. states\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www4.uwm.edu/shwec/publications/cabinet/recycling/Electronics%20Recycling_New%20Law1.pdf\">Information on Wisconsin E-waste law\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20215/e-waste-programs-reach-milestone","authors":["10235","10304"],"series":["quest_9815"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_9808","quest_9810","quest_9813","quest_12355","quest_2388","quest_9812","quest_9811","quest_9809"],"featImg":"quest_20227","label":"quest_9815"},"quest_20037":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20037","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20037","score":null,"sort":[1310592039000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"revisiting-mandatory-recycling","title":"Revisiting Mandatory Recycling","publishDate":1310592039,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Revisiting Mandatory Recycling | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":9815,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-philadelphia-recycling.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Until very recently Philadelphians recycled a dismal five-percent of their trash. But all that began to change a few years ago when the city stepped up its mandatory recycling program and cracked down on violators. Now residents are diverting nearly 20-percent of their trash – and that’s saving the city fees from expensive landfills. In our continuing series on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/recycling-in-america/\">Recycling in America\u003c/a>, Kerry Grens, from WHYY, reports on how a little consequence can go a long way to changing behavior.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling1-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling1-640x360-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling1-640x360\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20040\">\u003c/a>Bright blue recycling bins neatly line 45th Street on Philadelphia’s west side. William Taylor, a recycling truck driver and a reverend, treats his routes kind of like a recycling ministry, doing whatever he can to get people on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the better neighborhoods for recycling,” Taylor said. “They have more of a clue of what’s supposed to be in the bucket. Some other neighborhoods, they don’t have a clue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to blame residents for being confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It used to be that people had to separate their recyclables: cans in one bucket, glass in another, and so on. Then the city rolled out “single stream” recycling: just one big blue bin for all recyclables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People just didn’t know what was recyclable,” says Carlton Williams, the deputy commissioner of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.phila.gov/streets/recycling.html\">Streets Department\u003c/a>. “People said, ‘I’m confused, I’m not going to figure it out anymore, I’ll just throw it in the trash.’” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia was the first city in the country to enact mandatory curbside recycling in 1987, and it’s one of the toughest laws in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities like San Diego and Seattle have followed suit, but Philadelphia’s recycling rates were low for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when mayor Michael Nutter took office in 2008, he got serious. The city started picking up recycling each week, instead of once every two weeks. It added plastics and cardboard to the list of acceptable items. It spent millions of dollars on trucks, bins, advertising and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia had a good incentive: it could earn money selling recyclables, while saving money on high tipping fees for hauling rubbish to landfills or incinerators. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at an all time high of $65 a ton for recycling for the city of Philadelphia. That is phenomenal. We’re paying $66.50 a ton when we throw things away as trash,” says Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep garbage costs in check, and to cash in by collecting more recycled material, the city sent dozens of city workers out roaming the streets, and they began hitting scofflaws in the pocketbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Kerry Withers, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.phila.gov/streets/sweep.html\">SWEEP officer\u003c/a>, comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sweep stands for Streets Walkways Education and Enforcement Program,” explains Withers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, he’s the trash police. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we see most of the people have blue bins around here, what we’ll look for is somebody who doesn’t have one and that prompts us to check if they’re recycling or not,” says Withers, as he snaps on blue latex gloves and walks up to a house, its front yard groomed with flower beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling2-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling2-640x360-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling2-640x360\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20039\">\u003c/a>“Like right here, you have your soda, your plastics, inside of the trash,” says Withers, opening black trash bags. “You have your cardboard right there that’s not flattened down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withers walks up to the home owner, Thessalonia Sharpe, who comes out to her porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You just got to let me know that you’re going to recycle. That’s all I need to know,” he says to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying,” says Sharpe. “I’m just cleaning out my basement, I thought that was all cardboard paper and stuff like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All your cardboards should be broken down,” he instructs her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Withers gives Sharpe a warning, but he regularly writes $50 tickets for people who don’t recycle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Philadelphia residents have paid thousands of dollars in trash and recycling tickets, including property owner Jacquie Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Otherwise known as Madame Trash. That’s how I feel,” says Stevens. “I’m a landlord in the city of Philadelphia, regretfully.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens owns 13 properties, which means she’s responsible for all the recycling misdeeds of those 13 properties. She says digging through her tenants’ trash is a violation of their privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put up a no trespassing sign. Doesn’t make any difference to them. They’re on the hunt for money. Like a gambler went mad, you know?” says Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since January of 2010, Philadelphia has issued about 24,000 tickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Philadelphia’s approach to getting people to recycle might anger some, it clearly has worked. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been averaging about 9900 tons a month [of recycling material], which is an all-time high,” says Deputy Commissioner Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the money not spent in landfill fees and the money earned selling recycled materials, the city is realizing a net savings of about one million dollars a month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoping to get those numbers even higher, the Streets Department has now dangled a carrot in front of residents, a coupon rewards program http://www.phillyrecyclingpays.com/recycling-rewards-detail.asp for anyone who recycles. The program is too new to tell whether it’s any more effective than writing tickets, but it’s bound to be more popular.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Until very recently Philadelphians recycled a dismal five-percent of their trash. But all that began to change a few years ago when the city stepped up its mandatory recycling program and cracked down on violators. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974059,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":972},"headData":{"title":"Revisiting Mandatory Recycling | KQED","description":"Until very recently Philadelphians recycled a dismal five-percent of their trash. But all that began to change a few years ago when the city stepped up its mandatory recycling program and cracked down on violators. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/20037/revisiting-mandatory-recycling","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-philadelphia-recycling.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-philadelphia-recycling.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Until very recently Philadelphians recycled a dismal five-percent of their trash. But all that began to change a few years ago when the city stepped up its mandatory recycling program and cracked down on violators. Now residents are diverting nearly 20-percent of their trash – and that’s saving the city fees from expensive landfills. In our continuing series on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/recycling-in-america/\">Recycling in America\u003c/a>, Kerry Grens, from WHYY, reports on how a little consequence can go a long way to changing behavior.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling1-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling1-640x360-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling1-640x360\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20040\">\u003c/a>Bright blue recycling bins neatly line 45th Street on Philadelphia’s west side. William Taylor, a recycling truck driver and a reverend, treats his routes kind of like a recycling ministry, doing whatever he can to get people on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the better neighborhoods for recycling,” Taylor said. “They have more of a clue of what’s supposed to be in the bucket. Some other neighborhoods, they don’t have a clue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to blame residents for being confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It used to be that people had to separate their recyclables: cans in one bucket, glass in another, and so on. Then the city rolled out “single stream” recycling: just one big blue bin for all recyclables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People just didn’t know what was recyclable,” says Carlton Williams, the deputy commissioner of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.phila.gov/streets/recycling.html\">Streets Department\u003c/a>. “People said, ‘I’m confused, I’m not going to figure it out anymore, I’ll just throw it in the trash.’” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia was the first city in the country to enact mandatory curbside recycling in 1987, and it’s one of the toughest laws in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities like San Diego and Seattle have followed suit, but Philadelphia’s recycling rates were low for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when mayor Michael Nutter took office in 2008, he got serious. The city started picking up recycling each week, instead of once every two weeks. It added plastics and cardboard to the list of acceptable items. It spent millions of dollars on trucks, bins, advertising and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia had a good incentive: it could earn money selling recyclables, while saving money on high tipping fees for hauling rubbish to landfills or incinerators. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at an all time high of $65 a ton for recycling for the city of Philadelphia. That is phenomenal. We’re paying $66.50 a ton when we throw things away as trash,” says Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep garbage costs in check, and to cash in by collecting more recycled material, the city sent dozens of city workers out roaming the streets, and they began hitting scofflaws in the pocketbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Kerry Withers, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.phila.gov/streets/sweep.html\">SWEEP officer\u003c/a>, comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sweep stands for Streets Walkways Education and Enforcement Program,” explains Withers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, he’s the trash police. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we see most of the people have blue bins around here, what we’ll look for is somebody who doesn’t have one and that prompts us to check if they’re recycling or not,” says Withers, as he snaps on blue latex gloves and walks up to a house, its front yard groomed with flower beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling2-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling2-640x360-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling2-640x360\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20039\">\u003c/a>“Like right here, you have your soda, your plastics, inside of the trash,” says Withers, opening black trash bags. “You have your cardboard right there that’s not flattened down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withers walks up to the home owner, Thessalonia Sharpe, who comes out to her porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You just got to let me know that you’re going to recycle. That’s all I need to know,” he says to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying,” says Sharpe. “I’m just cleaning out my basement, I thought that was all cardboard paper and stuff like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All your cardboards should be broken down,” he instructs her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Withers gives Sharpe a warning, but he regularly writes $50 tickets for people who don’t recycle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Philadelphia residents have paid thousands of dollars in trash and recycling tickets, including property owner Jacquie Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Otherwise known as Madame Trash. That’s how I feel,” says Stevens. “I’m a landlord in the city of Philadelphia, regretfully.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens owns 13 properties, which means she’s responsible for all the recycling misdeeds of those 13 properties. She says digging through her tenants’ trash is a violation of their privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put up a no trespassing sign. Doesn’t make any difference to them. They’re on the hunt for money. Like a gambler went mad, you know?” says Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since January of 2010, Philadelphia has issued about 24,000 tickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Philadelphia’s approach to getting people to recycle might anger some, it clearly has worked. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been averaging about 9900 tons a month [of recycling material], which is an all-time high,” says Deputy Commissioner Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the money not spent in landfill fees and the money earned selling recycled materials, the city is realizing a net savings of about one million dollars a month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoping to get those numbers even higher, the Streets Department has now dangled a carrot in front of residents, a coupon rewards program http://www.phillyrecyclingpays.com/recycling-rewards-detail.asp for anyone who recycles. The program is too new to tell whether it’s any more effective than writing tickets, but it’s bound to be more popular.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20037/revisiting-mandatory-recycling","authors":["10230"],"series":["quest_9815"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_9763","quest_9768","quest_9769","quest_3291","quest_9764","quest_2388","quest_9770","quest_9767","quest_9765","quest_9766"],"featImg":"quest_20040","label":"quest_9815"},"quest_19915":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19915","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19915","score":null,"sort":[1310144428000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"boom-times-for-recycling-2","title":"Boom Times for Recycling","publishDate":1310144428,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Boom Times for Recycling | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>In California, 82 percent of cans and bottles are recycled.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.6818745 -121.7680088\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974122,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1035},"headData":{"title":"Boom Times for Recycling | KQED","description":"People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/19915/boom-times-for-recycling-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>In California, 82 percent of cans and bottles are recycled.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.6818745 -121.7680088\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19915/boom-times-for-recycling-2","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3953","quest_3956","quest_3967","quest_3968","quest_3969","quest_1607","quest_3972","quest_2388","quest_3984"],"featImg":"quest_15625","label":"quest"},"quest_19263":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19263","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19263","score":null,"sort":[1310144403000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"boom-times-for-the-recycling-industry","title":"Boom Times For The Recycling Industry","publishDate":1310144403,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Recycling in America | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":9815,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-11-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-19286\">Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Video Player Inline II\" mediaid=\"19771\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slideshow Producer: Kate Szrom\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370997249,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1096},"headData":{"title":"Boom Times For The Recycling Industry | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"19263 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=19263","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/08/boom-times-for-the-recycling-industry/","disqusTitle":"Boom Times For The Recycling Industry","path":"/quest/19263/boom-times-for-the-recycling-industry","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-11-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-11-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-19286\">Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Video Player Inline II\" mediaid=\"19771\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slideshow Producer: Kate Szrom\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19263/boom-times-for-the-recycling-industry","authors":["210"],"series":["quest_9815"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_3953","quest_252","quest_3956","quest_3967","quest_3968","quest_3969","quest_1607","quest_3972","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_2388","quest_3984"],"featImg":"quest_19286","label":"quest_9815"},"quest_14644":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_14644","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"14644","score":null,"sort":[1306251020000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-quest-lab-properties-of-plastic","title":"Producer's Notes: QUEST Lab - Properties of Plastic","publishDate":1306251020,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Producer’s Notes: QUEST Lab – Properties of Plastic | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/plastic3002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a plastic bottle on my desk. It once contained the cola beverage I really should stop drinking. I go through at least one of these each day, a habit cut down from a former 6-pack-a-day deluge. I know the cola isn’t good for me, but now I’m thinking the plastic bottle is even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have something else on my desk: a pamphlet compiled by Peter Bryant of UC Irvine titled, “What’s Wrong with Plastic Water Bottles?” Did you know that each year, “144 BILLION beverage containers end up in U.S. landfills, roads, streams and parks?” Laid end-to-end, according to Bryant, those containers would “encircle the Earth 720 times, or reach to the Moon and back 38 times.” In the United States, only 10 to 12% of plastic bottles are recycled. That waste is truly astronomical. And keep in mind that it takes at least 1000 years for those plastic bottles to break down in the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plastic bottles are made of polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. That’s a petroleum product. “4% of the world’s oil production is used as “feedstock” for plastic,” according to Bryant, “and another 4% provides the energy to transform it into plastic.” And of course then there’s the fuel needed to transport it to market. San Francisco has some of the cleanest, freshest water in the world coming out of the taps. Yet it wouldn’t take you long to find someone walking down the street with a bottle of water that came from France or Fiji at 1000 times the price of the water coming from the kitchen faucet. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No doubt \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/future-history-plastic-water-bottles\">anthropologists of the future\u003c/a> will be scratching their heads wondering why we paid for and wasted so much resources on something we already had pumped into our own homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now due to our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/06/23/the-breakdown-of-plastic/\">addiction to disposable plastic\u003c/a>, something even more sinister is happening in the ocean. In the middle of the Pacific is a circulating place known as the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">North Pacific Gyre. \u003c/a> This vast area, reportedly twice the size of Texas, contains 6 times more plastic than plankton and is now more commonly called the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. And this is a expanding environmental problem. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">Plastic bags\u003c/a>, bottles, buckets, rope, toys, trash and everything in between is making its way down rivers and streams, from storm drains and beaches, to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLgh9h2ePYw\">center of the ocean.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthresource.org/campaigns/capp/capp-overview.html\">many reasons\u003c/a> why we should kick the habit of disposable plastics. But that probably isn’t going to happen soon. So in the mean time we should get better at \u003ca href=\"http://www.howtoons.com/?page_id=1385\">reusing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-economics-of-household-recycling\">recycling\u003c/a>. As we showed in this QUEST Lab, plastic can be easily changed and modified to be used over and over again. It’s incumbent upon us to make sure this resource isn’t just wasted, thrown away or worse, becomes more of an environmental hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m looking at you, soda bottle on my desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED\u003c/a> Public Media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8014 -122.448\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"I know cola isn’t good for me, but now I’m thinking the plastic bottle is even worse.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974189,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":552},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: QUEST Lab - Properties of Plastic | KQED","description":"I know cola isn’t good for me, but now I’m thinking the plastic bottle is even worse.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/14644/producers-notes-quest-lab-properties-of-plastic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/plastic3002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a plastic bottle on my desk. It once contained the cola beverage I really should stop drinking. I go through at least one of these each day, a habit cut down from a former 6-pack-a-day deluge. I know the cola isn’t good for me, but now I’m thinking the plastic bottle is even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have something else on my desk: a pamphlet compiled by Peter Bryant of UC Irvine titled, “What’s Wrong with Plastic Water Bottles?” Did you know that each year, “144 BILLION beverage containers end up in U.S. landfills, roads, streams and parks?” Laid end-to-end, according to Bryant, those containers would “encircle the Earth 720 times, or reach to the Moon and back 38 times.” In the United States, only 10 to 12% of plastic bottles are recycled. That waste is truly astronomical. And keep in mind that it takes at least 1000 years for those plastic bottles to break down in the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plastic bottles are made of polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. That’s a petroleum product. “4% of the world’s oil production is used as “feedstock” for plastic,” according to Bryant, “and another 4% provides the energy to transform it into plastic.” And of course then there’s the fuel needed to transport it to market. San Francisco has some of the cleanest, freshest water in the world coming out of the taps. Yet it wouldn’t take you long to find someone walking down the street with a bottle of water that came from France or Fiji at 1000 times the price of the water coming from the kitchen faucet. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No doubt \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/future-history-plastic-water-bottles\">anthropologists of the future\u003c/a> will be scratching their heads wondering why we paid for and wasted so much resources on something we already had pumped into our own homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now due to our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/06/23/the-breakdown-of-plastic/\">addiction to disposable plastic\u003c/a>, something even more sinister is happening in the ocean. In the middle of the Pacific is a circulating place known as the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/sea-of-plastic\">North Pacific Gyre. \u003c/a> This vast area, reportedly twice the size of Texas, contains 6 times more plastic than plankton and is now more commonly called the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. And this is a expanding environmental problem. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/paper-or-plastic\">Plastic bags\u003c/a>, bottles, buckets, rope, toys, trash and everything in between is making its way down rivers and streams, from storm drains and beaches, to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLgh9h2ePYw\">center of the ocean.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthresource.org/campaigns/capp/capp-overview.html\">many reasons\u003c/a> why we should kick the habit of disposable plastics. But that probably isn’t going to happen soon. So in the mean time we should get better at \u003ca href=\"http://www.howtoons.com/?page_id=1385\">reusing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-economics-of-household-recycling\">recycling\u003c/a>. As we showed in this QUEST Lab, plastic can be easily changed and modified to be used over and over again. It’s incumbent upon us to make sure this resource isn’t just wasted, thrown away or worse, becomes more of an environmental hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m looking at you, soda bottle on my desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED\u003c/a> Public Media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8014 -122.448\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/14644/producers-notes-quest-lab-properties-of-plastic","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_1041","quest_3351","quest_2222","quest_2349","quest_2388"],"featImg":"quest_14646","label":"quest"},"quest_5669":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5669","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5669","score":null,"sort":[1271787412000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-the-plastic-breakdown","title":"Producer's Notes: The Plastic Breakdown","publishDate":1271787412,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Life was easier back before I produced this piece. Now everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know why I didn’t think about plastic before I produced this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">story\u003c/a> about plastic from around the world that’s gathering and collecting in the Pacific Ocean. But now, everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic: this keyboard, pen, desk, the monitor in front of me, my water bottle, the phone to the left of me, the stacks of video tapes in plastic containers to the right, even the plastic office chair holding me up. But I’m not just struck by the fact that everything’s made of petroleum products. I’m stunned by the fact that I knew all the time that I was surrounded by plastic, but I’d found ways to ignore it, accept it and live with it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life was easier back before I did this piece. I didn’t think of albatross stomachs when I saw cigarette lighters for sale. I didn’t have to worry what to do with the plastic lid on the recycled paper cup after I drank my fair trade organic coffee. I didn’t get strange looks from the corner sandwich shop lady until I recently removed a lunch from the plastic bag she provided. I had to explain to her why I didn’t want the plastic bag she so carefully and skillfully packed with my chicken salad sandwich, cheddar cheese chips and juice (in an actual glass bottle). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I told her how plastic doesn’t go away for centuries, how it breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces, even nano-sized particles. I went on about how it could get into the food chain. She didn’t have an answer when I asked her if she knew what we’re doing to the ocean and the planet and our children. Plastic was the enemy and it was everywhere! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I knew I was getting carried away. But then I started thinking maybe I should get carried away. Maybe we all should get carried away, you know, talk about it, get informed about it, get angry about it, write our senators and members of Congress. But being a TV producer who’s always faced with making difficult cuts in the edit room, I knew when less was more. So I chilled out, gave her what I owed for the food and time and left a hefty tip, and started to leave. Her smile made me pause. She thanked me for telling her all about plastic. She said she’d speak to the owner about replacing the plastic bags. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Life was easier back before I produced this piece. 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Now everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know why I didn’t think about plastic before I produced this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/plastic-in-the-pacific\">story\u003c/a> about plastic from around the world that’s gathering and collecting in the Pacific Ocean. But now, everywhere I look and everything I touch seems to be made of plastic: this keyboard, pen, desk, the monitor in front of me, my water bottle, the phone to the left of me, the stacks of video tapes in plastic containers to the right, even the plastic office chair holding me up. But I’m not just struck by the fact that everything’s made of petroleum products. I’m stunned by the fact that I knew all the time that I was surrounded by plastic, but I’d found ways to ignore it, accept it and live with it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life was easier back before I did this piece. I didn’t think of albatross stomachs when I saw cigarette lighters for sale. I didn’t have to worry what to do with the plastic lid on the recycled paper cup after I drank my fair trade organic coffee. I didn’t get strange looks from the corner sandwich shop lady until I recently removed a lunch from the plastic bag she provided. I had to explain to her why I didn’t want the plastic bag she so carefully and skillfully packed with my chicken salad sandwich, cheddar cheese chips and juice (in an actual glass bottle). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I told her how plastic doesn’t go away for centuries, how it breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces, even nano-sized particles. I went on about how it could get into the food chain. She didn’t have an answer when I asked her if she knew what we’re doing to the ocean and the planet and our children. Plastic was the enemy and it was everywhere! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I knew I was getting carried away. But then I started thinking maybe I should get carried away. Maybe we all should get carried away, you know, talk about it, get informed about it, get angry about it, write our senators and members of Congress. But being a TV producer who’s always faced with making difficult cuts in the edit room, I knew when less was more. So I chilled out, gave her what I owed for the food and time and left a hefty tip, and started to leave. Her smile made me pause. She thanked me for telling her all about plastic. She said she’d speak to the owner about replacing the plastic bags. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5669/producers-notes-the-plastic-breakdown","authors":["10214"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_117","quest_267","quest_336","quest_374","quest_420","quest_892","quest_1258","quest_2005","quest_2038","quest_2042","quest_2222","quest_2223","quest_2227","quest_2228","quest_2257","quest_2258","quest_2305","quest_2388"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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