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But you can touch a piece of the oldest rock on the whole planet much closer to the Bay Area. Photos by Andrew Alden","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"andrew-alden":{"type":"authors","id":"6228","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6228","found":true},"name":"Andrew Alden","firstName":"Andrew","lastName":"Alden","slug":"andrew-alden","email":"alden@andrew-alden.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. He has \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/\">written on geology for About.com\u003c/a> since its founding in 1997. In 2007, he started the Oakland Geology blog, which won recognition as \"Best of the East Bay\" from the \u003ci>East Bay Express\u003c/i> in 2010. In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_33947":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_33947","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"33947","score":null,"sort":[1333033205000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks","title":"California's (and the World's) Oldest Rocks","publishDate":1333033205,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/precgneiss/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33953\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"preCgneiss\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33953\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The nearest place to see California's oldest rock is around Mount Pinos, near Frazier Park west of the Grapevine on I-5. But you can touch a piece of the oldest rock on the whole planet much closer to the Bay Area. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I'm glad to see that Ben Burress, my colleague at KQED QUEST, was open to the thrill of deep time as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/23/in-search-of-the-oldest-stuff/\">he laid hands on some of California's oldest rock\u003c/a> in Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I went to geology school, back in the ice ages, I brought with me the same normal, healthy fascination with extreme age—geological age. At that time there was still a great deal of mystery about the earliest times. To me, the most mysterious thing you could call a rock was \"Precambrian,\" that is, rock dating from the time before the earliest hard fossils appeared, marking the base of the Cambrian Period. Precambrian time amounts to four billion years, nine-tenths of all Earth history. Unlike familiar, fossil-studded post-Precambrian time (I know that's a weird term: geologists call it the Phanerozoic Eon), the Precambrian was an endless succession of enigmatic, mashed-up rocks. Their story wasn't really a story but a pile of hints and fragments—mountain ranges rising and eroding, continents merging and separating, just one damn thing after (or before?) another in the dimness of deep time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a better picture of the Precambrian now, but really, it's still pretty blurry. If you look at the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geotime_dating/a/Geologic-Time-Scale-All-Periods.htm\">geologic time scale\u003c/a>, you'll see that the Precambrian time divisions are set at arbitrary even numbers of years, not significant geologic events. In California, our oldest rocks all originated around 1700 million years ago in the Paleoproterozoic Era, and they all sit in the corner of the state outlined on this geologic map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 459px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/precgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33952\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/PreCgeomap-459x360.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"PreCgeomap\" width=\"459\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-33952\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Precambrian rocks are shown as scattered patches of dark brown on this high-level geologic map of California. Click it to see it at 1000 pixels.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The outline marks a segment of the North American continent's ancient foundation—the craton—called Mojavia for the Mojave Desert. It's a pretty young part of the craton, and it's all we've got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oldest basement rocks of Mojavia are all highly altered—squeezed and stretched rocks classified as gneiss or schist. And they're still on the move today as plate-tectonic interactions are both stretching western North America apart and, in California, yanking it northward along the San Andreas fault system. Just as Sierran granite (shown in red) has been pulled all the way up to the Bay Area, so has a big chunk of Mojavia making up the San Gabriel Mountains. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The westernmost outlier of those Paleoproterozoic rocks crops out in the San Emigdio Range, which forms the rim of the Central Valley southwest of Bakersfield. The quickest way to see them is to turn west off of Interstate 5 toward Frazier Park, then drive up either Frazier Mountain or Mount Pinos (Cerro Noroeste is also possible if you're ambitious). The gneiss shown at the top of this post is on Mount Pinos. It was turned into gneiss around 1450 million years ago, but the rock originated as something else, probably a sandy mudstone, around 1700 million years ago (source, USGS OF-02-406).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere in California, you can repeat Ben Burress's experience in Death Valley by walking up the canyon at Badwater, but a more interesting canyon hike with the same Paleoproterozoic rocks starts about 2 miles north of Badwater. And blogger Garry Hayes \u003ca href=\"http://geotripper.blogspot.com/2012/01/other-california-oldest-rocks-well.html\">describes more Paleoproterozoic rocks in the San Gabriels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The really old rocks in America are found in Wyoming and the states around Minnesota. They date from the Paleoarchean Era and are more than 3 billion years old. One example can be easily seen in Washington, D.C., in a prominent spot between the White House and the Washington Monument: the twin \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geology_dc/ig/washdcgeology/wdchauptfount.htm\">Haupt Fountains\u003c/a>, each one made from a 55-ton slab of Montevideo Gneiss from Minnesota. At the time they were made, this was considered the oldest rock in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/hauptftn/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33950\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/hauptftn.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"hauptftn\" width=\"600\" height=\"429\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33950\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/hauptftn.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/hauptftn-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reddish, scrambled-looking Morton Gneiss is a popular stone for buildings and gravestones, and at 3524 million years of age it's considered to be the oldest bedrock in the United States. You could travel to Minnesota to see it (\u003ca href=\"http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=ccd13c2e-afb5-4922-b058-622efcb413f1\">there's even an EarthCache for it\u003c/a> west of Minneapolis), but don't bother—you probably have samples right in your own town. David B. Williams, author of \u003ci>Stories in Stone\u003c/i>, calls it \u003ca href=\"http://stories-in-stone.blogspot.com/2009/06/most-beautiful-building-stone-in.html\">the country's most beautiful building stone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/mortongneiss/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33951\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mortongneiss.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mortongneiss\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33951\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mortongneiss.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mortongneiss-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can go older still. There's a Canadian rock from a spot in Labrador called Nuvvuagituq said to be 4.28 billion years old, \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/b/2012/03/25/whats-up-with-nuvvuagittuq.htm\">but the date is still not settled\u003c/a>. Today the Acasta Gneiss, also from northern Canada, is the world's oldest firmly dated rock at 4.03 billion years. You can see that one at Rocklin, just up the road. Go to the campus of Sierra College, on the south side, and locate the excellent Earth History Rock Walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/rockwalk/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33948\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/rockwalk.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"rockwalk\" width=\"600\" height=\"472\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33948\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/rockwalk.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/rockwalk-400x315.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, among the assorted amazing and instructive boulders, is a nice chunk of Acasta Gneiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/acastagneiss/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33949\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/acastagneiss.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"acastagneiss\" width=\"600\" height=\"420\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33949\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/acastagneiss.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/acastagneiss-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whenever I want to experience the deepest possible deep time, I reach for a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/treasure-from-the-sky/\">meteorite\u003c/a> from my collection and lick it. Nearly every common meteorite is older than Earth itself.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California has some pretty ancient rocks, but to experience \u003ci>really\u003c/i> old rocks you don't need to look far.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1334274677,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":911},"headData":{"title":"California's (and the World's) Oldest Rocks | KQED","description":"California has some pretty ancient rocks, but to experience really old rocks you don't need to look far.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California's (and the World's) Oldest Rocks","datePublished":"2012-03-29T15:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2012-04-12T23:51:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"33947 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=33947","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/","disqusTitle":"California's (and the World's) Oldest Rocks","path":"/quest/33947/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/precgneiss/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33953\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"preCgneiss\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33953\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/preCgneiss-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The nearest place to see California's oldest rock is around Mount Pinos, near Frazier Park west of the Grapevine on I-5. But you can touch a piece of the oldest rock on the whole planet much closer to the Bay Area. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I'm glad to see that Ben Burress, my colleague at KQED QUEST, was open to the thrill of deep time as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/23/in-search-of-the-oldest-stuff/\">he laid hands on some of California's oldest rock\u003c/a> in Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I went to geology school, back in the ice ages, I brought with me the same normal, healthy fascination with extreme age—geological age. At that time there was still a great deal of mystery about the earliest times. To me, the most mysterious thing you could call a rock was \"Precambrian,\" that is, rock dating from the time before the earliest hard fossils appeared, marking the base of the Cambrian Period. Precambrian time amounts to four billion years, nine-tenths of all Earth history. Unlike familiar, fossil-studded post-Precambrian time (I know that's a weird term: geologists call it the Phanerozoic Eon), the Precambrian was an endless succession of enigmatic, mashed-up rocks. Their story wasn't really a story but a pile of hints and fragments—mountain ranges rising and eroding, continents merging and separating, just one damn thing after (or before?) another in the dimness of deep time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a better picture of the Precambrian now, but really, it's still pretty blurry. If you look at the \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geotime_dating/a/Geologic-Time-Scale-All-Periods.htm\">geologic time scale\u003c/a>, you'll see that the Precambrian time divisions are set at arbitrary even numbers of years, not significant geologic events. In California, our oldest rocks all originated around 1700 million years ago in the Paleoproterozoic Era, and they all sit in the corner of the state outlined on this geologic map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 459px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/precgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33952\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/PreCgeomap-459x360.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"PreCgeomap\" width=\"459\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-33952\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Precambrian rocks are shown as scattered patches of dark brown on this high-level geologic map of California. Click it to see it at 1000 pixels.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The outline marks a segment of the North American continent's ancient foundation—the craton—called Mojavia for the Mojave Desert. It's a pretty young part of the craton, and it's all we've got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oldest basement rocks of Mojavia are all highly altered—squeezed and stretched rocks classified as gneiss or schist. And they're still on the move today as plate-tectonic interactions are both stretching western North America apart and, in California, yanking it northward along the San Andreas fault system. Just as Sierran granite (shown in red) has been pulled all the way up to the Bay Area, so has a big chunk of Mojavia making up the San Gabriel Mountains. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The westernmost outlier of those Paleoproterozoic rocks crops out in the San Emigdio Range, which forms the rim of the Central Valley southwest of Bakersfield. The quickest way to see them is to turn west off of Interstate 5 toward Frazier Park, then drive up either Frazier Mountain or Mount Pinos (Cerro Noroeste is also possible if you're ambitious). The gneiss shown at the top of this post is on Mount Pinos. It was turned into gneiss around 1450 million years ago, but the rock originated as something else, probably a sandy mudstone, around 1700 million years ago (source, USGS OF-02-406).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere in California, you can repeat Ben Burress's experience in Death Valley by walking up the canyon at Badwater, but a more interesting canyon hike with the same Paleoproterozoic rocks starts about 2 miles north of Badwater. And blogger Garry Hayes \u003ca href=\"http://geotripper.blogspot.com/2012/01/other-california-oldest-rocks-well.html\">describes more Paleoproterozoic rocks in the San Gabriels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The really old rocks in America are found in Wyoming and the states around Minnesota. They date from the Paleoarchean Era and are more than 3 billion years old. One example can be easily seen in Washington, D.C., in a prominent spot between the White House and the Washington Monument: the twin \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geology_dc/ig/washdcgeology/wdchauptfount.htm\">Haupt Fountains\u003c/a>, each one made from a 55-ton slab of Montevideo Gneiss from Minnesota. At the time they were made, this was considered the oldest rock in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/hauptftn/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33950\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/hauptftn.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"hauptftn\" width=\"600\" height=\"429\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33950\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/hauptftn.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/hauptftn-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reddish, scrambled-looking Morton Gneiss is a popular stone for buildings and gravestones, and at 3524 million years of age it's considered to be the oldest bedrock in the United States. You could travel to Minnesota to see it (\u003ca href=\"http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=ccd13c2e-afb5-4922-b058-622efcb413f1\">there's even an EarthCache for it\u003c/a> west of Minneapolis), but don't bother—you probably have samples right in your own town. David B. Williams, author of \u003ci>Stories in Stone\u003c/i>, calls it \u003ca href=\"http://stories-in-stone.blogspot.com/2009/06/most-beautiful-building-stone-in.html\">the country's most beautiful building stone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/mortongneiss/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33951\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mortongneiss.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mortongneiss\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33951\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mortongneiss.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mortongneiss-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can go older still. There's a Canadian rock from a spot in Labrador called Nuvvuagituq said to be 4.28 billion years old, \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/b/2012/03/25/whats-up-with-nuvvuagittuq.htm\">but the date is still not settled\u003c/a>. Today the Acasta Gneiss, also from northern Canada, is the world's oldest firmly dated rock at 4.03 billion years. You can see that one at Rocklin, just up the road. Go to the campus of Sierra College, on the south side, and locate the excellent Earth History Rock Walk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/rockwalk/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33948\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/rockwalk.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"rockwalk\" width=\"600\" height=\"472\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33948\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/rockwalk.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/rockwalk-400x315.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, among the assorted amazing and instructive boulders, is a nice chunk of Acasta Gneiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/29/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks/acastagneiss/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33949\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/acastagneiss.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"acastagneiss\" width=\"600\" height=\"420\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33949\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/acastagneiss.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/acastagneiss-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whenever I want to experience the deepest possible deep time, I reach for a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/19/treasure-from-the-sky/\">meteorite\u003c/a> from my collection and lick it. Nearly every common meteorite is older than Earth itself.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/33947/californias-and-the-worlds-oldest-rocks","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_782","quest_10910","quest_3653","quest_1800","quest_10909","quest_13202","quest_10907","quest_10908"],"featImg":"quest_33953","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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