national ignition facilitynational ignition facility
In Livermore, Still Waiting on Nuclear Fusion
Producer's Notes: Super Laser at the National Ignition Facility
Super Laser
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But so far, that hasn't happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility, which began operating in 2009 after a decade of construction at a cost of almost $4 billion, points 192 football-field-sized lasers at one tiny capsule the size of a peppercorn and filled with hydrogen. It creates degrees of heat and pressure never before achieved in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing outside NIF’s target chamber in 2008, about a year before NIF’s dedication, Director Ed Moses called NIF “more far-out, and far cooler than anything in science fiction or fantasy.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA tiny star for a blip in time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a brief period of time, not a hundredth or a thousandth, but a billionth of a second,” explained Moses, “we will raise the temperature of the target to a hundred million degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s higher temperature and more pressure than exists at the center of our sun. It’s a hundred million times more pressure than you’ll find at the deepest part of the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under those conditions, the hydrogen atoms could enter into a state of controlled nuclear fusion. (In nuclear \u003cem>fission\u003c/em>, as in nuclear power plants, energy is generated by splitting atoms. Fusion is the opposite: Atoms are smashed together.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is referred to as “ignition.” It would put out more energy than the lasers had put in to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46415\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 172px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Hohlraum-dime-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-46415\" title=\"Hohlraum & dime copy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Hohlraum-dime-copy-172x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">192 powerful lasers create star-like conditions inside a peppercorn-sized \"hohlarum.\" Credit: NIF\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If scientists can make ignition happen at NIF, that achievement could, theoretically, be parlayed into a new kind of nuclear power plant. Unlike fission plants, which eat up uranium and generate radioactive waste, these fusion plants would run on water, and create virtually no waste at all.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWaiting to ignite\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At NIF's \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmaDCgpHcH0\">dedication\u003c/a> in 2009, George Miller, then-head of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, seemed to believe that ignition was right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we will get ignition,” Miller told the crowd. “I think we'll get ignition relatively shortly after we turn the facility on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the strength and functionality of the lasers have received praise from the physics community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The laser has been working phenomenally,” said Christopher Deeney, who directs the Division of Defense Science at the National Nuclear Security Administration, which oversees NIF. “It's the most controllable, precise laser the community has ever built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ignition – the goal at the center of NIF’s name -- hasn’t happened. “We just haven't gotten it to burn yet,” explained Moses at a recent interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46416\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/LaserBay-0506-11956DP_14-300dp-1-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-46416\" title=\"NIF-0506-11956_14: LB2 from crane (west view)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/LaserBay-0506-11956DP_14-300dp-1-copy-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"n Facility)\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside NIF, a football-field sized array of lasers. Credit: NIF\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a July 19, 2012 report, the NNSA concluded that “the probability of ignition before the end of December is extremely low.” The report called the functionality of the lasers “outstanding,” but blamed NIF’s computer simulations for the failure to ignite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An NNSA ignition deadline of October 1, 2012, has now come and gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moses bridles at the idea that anyone can put a deadline on this achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We never guaranteed anything on any particular date,” he says. “People have to sort of get used to that. That’s what great science is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, by law, on November 30th, Department of Energy Secretary Steven Chu is required to report to Congress on why NIF hasn't met its goal, despite significant cost to taxpayers: about 300 million dollars a year on top of over three billion in construction costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Christopher Paine, a longtime NIF critic with the Natural Resources Defense council, this amounts to an “I told you so” moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project has gone on a long time,” he says, “billions of dollars invested. But to what end?\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhat is NIF for?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paine's criticism of NIF boils down to two objections: the project's expense and what you might call a muddled sense of purpose. What, in other words, is NIF for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three answers to that question, explains a 2009 NIF \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yixhyPN0r3g\">promotional video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“NIF will explore controlled nuclear fusion to ensure global security, enable sustainable clean energy, and advance our understanding of the universe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s break that down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reason number one:\u003c/em> Global security. This is the primary intent of NIF, and it has to do with the fact that actual nuclear bomb tests have been banned worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because NIF simulates a nuclear reaction in a tiny pellet, you could test the strength of nuclear bombs without having to actually explode them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paine believes that’s unnecessary. \"We haven’t had NIF for the last 20 years,\" he says, \"and we've been maintaining the stockpile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NNSA\"s Deeney disagrees, calling NIF a “key element in our stockpile stewardship program.” He says important experiments can be done at NIF even without ignition. “We're committed to NIF for the long term,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reason number two:\u003c/em> Clean, fusion energy. This is a very long-term goal. Even if NIF does achieve ignition, it could take decades to adapt that technology into a working fusion power plant, something that could power a light bulb in your house.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA 100-year solution to a 20-year emergency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paine says with climate change, we don't have that kind of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dealing with climate change is a 20-30 year planetary emergency,” says Paine. “Fusion energy is irrelevant to that timescale. Humanity needs to change its ways now. It needed to change its ways yesterday. Fusion energy is a 50 to 100-year project with no assurance of success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46418\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/target-chamber-install.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46418\" title=\"target chamber install\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/target-chamber-install-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"N\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NIF's 192 lasers culminate inside this target chamber, which contains the hohlraum. Credit: NIF\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it's \u003cem>the third reason\u003c/em>, to “advance our understanding of the universe,” that Moses emphasizes these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Higgs Boson was just discovered at the [Large Hadron Collider] in CERN, at a cost of ten billion dollars,” he points out. “Was it late? Was it early? Was it on time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer, he says: Who cares? Moses calls these types of projects “grand challenge science,” and insists they cannot be performed on deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not grand challenge science if you know the answer before you start,” says Moses. “And this is exactly that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NNSA's Christopher Deeney also declines to predict when NIF will achieve its goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we will not make a prediction of when ignition will happen,” he says. “It's still a discovery science project. Right now it's unpredictable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the case NIF's advocates will have to make to Congress at the end of this year. It’s worked so far. After all, NIF has something for both sides of the aisle: Democrats like clean energy, Republicans like weapons security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But everyone likes a breakthrough, and at NIF, that's still out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The National Ignition Facility in Livermore, California, has been called a modern-day moon-shot, a project of \"revolutionary science,\" and \"the mother of all boondoggles.\" NIF, as it's known, is a five-billion dollar, taxpayer-funded super laser project whose goal is to create nuclear fusion – a tiny star – inside a laboratory. But so far, that hasn't happened.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450494943,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1253},"headData":{"title":"In Livermore, Still Waiting on Nuclear Fusion | KQED","description":"The National Ignition Facility in Livermore, California, has been called a modern-day moon-shot, a project of "revolutionary science," and "the mother of all boondoggles." NIF, as it's known, is a five-billion dollar, taxpayer-funded super laser project whose goal is to create nuclear fusion – a tiny star – inside a laboratory. But so far, that hasn't happened.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"In Livermore, Still Waiting on Nuclear Fusion","datePublished":"2012-10-27T18:30:59.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T03:15:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"46412 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=46412","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/10/27/in-livermore-still-waiting-on-nuclear-fusion/","disqusTitle":"In Livermore, Still Waiting on Nuclear Fusion","source":"Engineering","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/10/20121029science.mp3","path":"/quest/46412/in-livermore-still-waiting-on-nuclear-fusion","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The National Ignition Facility in Livermore, California, has been called a modern-day moon-shot, a project of \"revolutionary science,\" and \"the mother of all boondoggles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIF, as it's known, is a five-billion dollar, taxpayer-funded super laser project whose goal is to create nuclear fusion – a tiny star – inside a laboratory. But so far, that hasn't happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility, which began operating in 2009 after a decade of construction at a cost of almost $4 billion, points 192 football-field-sized lasers at one tiny capsule the size of a peppercorn and filled with hydrogen. It creates degrees of heat and pressure never before achieved in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing outside NIF’s target chamber in 2008, about a year before NIF’s dedication, Director Ed Moses called NIF “more far-out, and far cooler than anything in science fiction or fantasy.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA tiny star for a blip in time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a brief period of time, not a hundredth or a thousandth, but a billionth of a second,” explained Moses, “we will raise the temperature of the target to a hundred million degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s higher temperature and more pressure than exists at the center of our sun. It’s a hundred million times more pressure than you’ll find at the deepest part of the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under those conditions, the hydrogen atoms could enter into a state of controlled nuclear fusion. (In nuclear \u003cem>fission\u003c/em>, as in nuclear power plants, energy is generated by splitting atoms. Fusion is the opposite: Atoms are smashed together.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is referred to as “ignition.” It would put out more energy than the lasers had put in to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46415\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 172px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Hohlraum-dime-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-46415\" title=\"Hohlraum & dime copy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/Hohlraum-dime-copy-172x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">192 powerful lasers create star-like conditions inside a peppercorn-sized \"hohlarum.\" Credit: NIF\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If scientists can make ignition happen at NIF, that achievement could, theoretically, be parlayed into a new kind of nuclear power plant. Unlike fission plants, which eat up uranium and generate radioactive waste, these fusion plants would run on water, and create virtually no waste at all.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWaiting to ignite\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At NIF's \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmaDCgpHcH0\">dedication\u003c/a> in 2009, George Miller, then-head of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, seemed to believe that ignition was right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we will get ignition,” Miller told the crowd. “I think we'll get ignition relatively shortly after we turn the facility on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the strength and functionality of the lasers have received praise from the physics community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The laser has been working phenomenally,” said Christopher Deeney, who directs the Division of Defense Science at the National Nuclear Security Administration, which oversees NIF. “It's the most controllable, precise laser the community has ever built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ignition – the goal at the center of NIF’s name -- hasn’t happened. “We just haven't gotten it to burn yet,” explained Moses at a recent interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46416\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/LaserBay-0506-11956DP_14-300dp-1-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-46416\" title=\"NIF-0506-11956_14: LB2 from crane (west view)\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/LaserBay-0506-11956DP_14-300dp-1-copy-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"n Facility)\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside NIF, a football-field sized array of lasers. Credit: NIF\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a July 19, 2012 report, the NNSA concluded that “the probability of ignition before the end of December is extremely low.” The report called the functionality of the lasers “outstanding,” but blamed NIF’s computer simulations for the failure to ignite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An NNSA ignition deadline of October 1, 2012, has now come and gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moses bridles at the idea that anyone can put a deadline on this achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We never guaranteed anything on any particular date,” he says. “People have to sort of get used to that. That’s what great science is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, by law, on November 30th, Department of Energy Secretary Steven Chu is required to report to Congress on why NIF hasn't met its goal, despite significant cost to taxpayers: about 300 million dollars a year on top of over three billion in construction costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Christopher Paine, a longtime NIF critic with the Natural Resources Defense council, this amounts to an “I told you so” moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project has gone on a long time,” he says, “billions of dollars invested. But to what end?\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nWhat is NIF for?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paine's criticism of NIF boils down to two objections: the project's expense and what you might call a muddled sense of purpose. What, in other words, is NIF for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three answers to that question, explains a 2009 NIF \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yixhyPN0r3g\">promotional video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“NIF will explore controlled nuclear fusion to ensure global security, enable sustainable clean energy, and advance our understanding of the universe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s break that down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reason number one:\u003c/em> Global security. This is the primary intent of NIF, and it has to do with the fact that actual nuclear bomb tests have been banned worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because NIF simulates a nuclear reaction in a tiny pellet, you could test the strength of nuclear bombs without having to actually explode them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paine believes that’s unnecessary. \"We haven’t had NIF for the last 20 years,\" he says, \"and we've been maintaining the stockpile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NNSA\"s Deeney disagrees, calling NIF a “key element in our stockpile stewardship program.” He says important experiments can be done at NIF even without ignition. “We're committed to NIF for the long term,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reason number two:\u003c/em> Clean, fusion energy. This is a very long-term goal. Even if NIF does achieve ignition, it could take decades to adapt that technology into a working fusion power plant, something that could power a light bulb in your house.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA 100-year solution to a 20-year emergency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paine says with climate change, we don't have that kind of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dealing with climate change is a 20-30 year planetary emergency,” says Paine. “Fusion energy is irrelevant to that timescale. Humanity needs to change its ways now. It needed to change its ways yesterday. Fusion energy is a 50 to 100-year project with no assurance of success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46418\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/target-chamber-install.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46418\" title=\"target chamber install\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/10/target-chamber-install-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"N\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NIF's 192 lasers culminate inside this target chamber, which contains the hohlraum. Credit: NIF\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it's \u003cem>the third reason\u003c/em>, to “advance our understanding of the universe,” that Moses emphasizes these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Higgs Boson was just discovered at the [Large Hadron Collider] in CERN, at a cost of ten billion dollars,” he points out. “Was it late? Was it early? Was it on time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer, he says: Who cares? Moses calls these types of projects “grand challenge science,” and insists they cannot be performed on deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not grand challenge science if you know the answer before you start,” says Moses. “And this is exactly that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NNSA's Christopher Deeney also declines to predict when NIF will achieve its goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we will not make a prediction of when ignition will happen,” he says. “It's still a discovery science project. Right now it's unpredictable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the case NIF's advocates will have to make to Congress at the end of this year. It’s worked so far. After all, NIF has something for both sides of the aisle: Democrats like clean energy, Republicans like weapons security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But everyone likes a breakthrough, and at NIF, that's still out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/46412/in-livermore-still-waiting-on-nuclear-fusion","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11568","quest_23","quest_11566","quest_11194","quest_11567","quest_1926","quest_13203","quest_1992","quest_11565"],"collections":["quest_3357"],"featImg":"quest_46459","label":"source_quest_46412"},"quest_537":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_537","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"537","score":null,"sort":[1208286092000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-super-laser-at-the-national-ignition-facility","title":"Producer's Notes: Super Laser at the National Ignition Facility","publishDate":1208286092,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Lawrence Livermore National Lab is building the world's largest laser. Actually, the \u003ca href=\"https://lasers.llnl.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">National Ignition Facility\u003c/a> won't have only one laser beam. It will use 192 world-class lasers, all firing simultaneously. In a few billionths of a second about 500 trillion watts, which is nearly 1000 times the power generated in the entire US at any moment, will hit a target the size of a dime. The hope is that this will create enough heat and pressure to mimic the core of the sun and achieve a fusion ignition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in a nutshell, what is fusion? And how do lasers work? Why are you asking me? I was the kid who always struggled with math and would get hives on the eve of a high school science test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, there are some darn good teachers out there and we were fortunate enough to feature one of them in our story. Richard Muller is a professor of physics at the University of California and has also become something of a web phenomenon. Thousands of \"students\" all over the world have viewed his lecture series titled \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=095393D5B42B2266\" target=\"_blank\">\"Physics for Future Presidents\" on YouTube\u003c/a> and Cal's own website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muller designed this class to \"stress conceptual understanding rather than math, with applications to current events.\" As he told us, \"imagine looking out on your classroom and picturing out there is the future president of the United States. What do you want that person to know?\" What comes out is an explanation of the physics of energy, nuclear weapons, radioactivity, relativity and the universe-- all explained in a way that the physics-challenged, like myself or maybe a future president, can understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Lawrence Livermore National Lab is building the world's largest laser. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457901117,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":281},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Super Laser at the National Ignition Facility | KQED","description":"Lawrence Livermore National Lab is building the world's largest laser. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Producer's Notes: Super Laser at the National Ignition Facility","datePublished":"2008-04-15T19:01:32.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-13T20:31:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"537 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/04/15/producers-notes-super-laser-at-the-national-ignition-facility/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/04/15/producers-notes-super-laser-at-the-national-ignition-facility/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Super Laser at the National Ignition Facility","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmIHD6P3rdo","path":"/quest/537/producers-notes-super-laser-at-the-national-ignition-facility","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lawrence Livermore National Lab is building the world's largest laser. Actually, the \u003ca href=\"https://lasers.llnl.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">National Ignition Facility\u003c/a> won't have only one laser beam. It will use 192 world-class lasers, all firing simultaneously. In a few billionths of a second about 500 trillion watts, which is nearly 1000 times the power generated in the entire US at any moment, will hit a target the size of a dime. The hope is that this will create enough heat and pressure to mimic the core of the sun and achieve a fusion ignition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in a nutshell, what is fusion? And how do lasers work? Why are you asking me? I was the kid who always struggled with math and would get hives on the eve of a high school science test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, there are some darn good teachers out there and we were fortunate enough to feature one of them in our story. Richard Muller is a professor of physics at the University of California and has also become something of a web phenomenon. Thousands of \"students\" all over the world have viewed his lecture series titled \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=095393D5B42B2266\" target=\"_blank\">\"Physics for Future Presidents\" on YouTube\u003c/a> and Cal's own website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muller designed this class to \"stress conceptual understanding rather than math, with applications to current events.\" As he told us, \"imagine looking out on your classroom and picturing out there is the future president of the United States. What do you want that person to know?\" What comes out is an explanation of the physics of energy, nuclear weapons, radioactivity, relativity and the universe-- all explained in a way that the physics-challenged, like myself or maybe a future president, can understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/537/producers-notes-super-laser-at-the-national-ignition-facility","authors":["10169"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_16","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_1156","quest_3351","quest_1615","quest_26","quest_1926","quest_2017","quest_13205","quest_2530","quest_2893"],"featImg":"quest_539","label":"quest"},"quest_352":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_352","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"352","score":null,"sort":[1200031352000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"super-laser-2","title":"Super Laser","publishDate":1200031352,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/726\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/radio2-14_super_laser300.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>It's one of the most expensive high-tech projects the United States has ever attempted, and some say it will never work. QUEST visits the National Ignition Facility in Livermore, where scientists will soon aim the world's largest laser at a target the size of a pencil eraser. The goal? Nuclear fusion -- and, they say, the answer to the world's clean energy needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/726\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\">\u003c/a>You may \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/super-laser/\"> listen to the \"Super Laser\" radio report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources. Also don't miss our \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/sets/72157603687811897/\">behind-the-scenes photos for this report\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amys.jpg\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Standen\u003c/strong> is a Reporter for QUEST and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/radio/\">Radio News\u003c/a> at KQED-FM.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\">latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.6871\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-121.697\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371080954,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":117},"headData":{"title":"Super Laser | KQED","description":"It's one of the most expensive high-tech projects the United States has ever attempted, and some say it will never work. QUEST visits the National Ignition Facility in Livermore, where scientists will soon aim the world's largest laser at a target the size of a pencil eraser. The goal? Nuclear fusion -- and, they say,","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Super Laser","datePublished":"2008-01-11T06:02:32.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:49:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"352 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/01/10/super-laser/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/01/10/super-laser-2/","disqusTitle":"Super Laser","path":"/quest/352/super-laser-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/726\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/radio2-14_super_laser300.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>It's one of the most expensive high-tech projects the United States has ever attempted, and some say it will never work. QUEST visits the National Ignition Facility in Livermore, where scientists will soon aim the world's largest laser at a target the size of a pencil eraser. The goal? Nuclear fusion -- and, they say, the answer to the world's clean energy needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/726\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\">\u003c/a>You may \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/super-laser/\"> listen to the \"Super Laser\" radio report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources. Also don't miss our \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/sets/72157603687811897/\">behind-the-scenes photos for this report\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amys.jpg\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Standen\u003c/strong> is a Reporter for QUEST and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/radio/\">Radio News\u003c/a> at KQED-FM.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\">latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.6871\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-121.697\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/352/super-laser-2","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_16"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_413","quest_438","quest_23","quest_984","quest_1009","quest_1156","quest_3351","quest_1584","quest_1586","quest_1615","quest_26","quest_1926","quest_1992","quest_32","quest_2349","quest_2530","quest_2926"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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