Romantic Spots for Bay Area Geologists (and Those Who Love Them)
Testing a New Drug for Mountain Sickness
The Bay Area Geological Holiday Quiz
Rumors and Truth in Lake Tahoe
Mount Diablo Views
The Science of Snow
The Science of Snow
Skiing Volcano Country
Ski Green
Sponsored
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Follow him on \u003ca href=\"http://www.twitter.com/clasticdetritus\">Twitter\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Brian Romans | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/brian-romans"},"jennifer-skene":{"type":"authors","id":"10200","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10200","found":true},"name":"Jennifer Skene","firstName":"Jennifer","lastName":"Skene","slug":"jennifer-skene","email":"jen@skene.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jennifer Skene develops curriculum on climate change and ocean sciences at the Lawrence Hall of Science and teaches biology and science communication at Mills College and the University of California Berkeley. She has a degree in biology from Brown University and a Ph.D. in Integrative Biology from UC Berkeley. She started working with QUEST in 2008 as an intern. She has written for the Berkeley Science Review and the UC Museum of Paleontology’s Understanding Evolution and Understanding Science websites.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jennifer Skene | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jennifer-skene"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_49612":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_49612","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"49612","score":null,"sort":[1360868562000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"romantic-spots-for-bay-area-geologists-and-those-who-love-them","title":"Romantic Spots for Bay Area Geologists (and Those Who Love Them)","publishDate":1360868562,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49613\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/14/romantic-spots-for-bay-area-geologists-and-those-who-love-them/georomance/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49613\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/georomance-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Ring Mountain, in Marin County, is as beautiful as it is geological. Photos by Andrew Alden\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-49613\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ring Mountain, in Marin County, is as beautiful as it is geological. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Valentine's Day honors all ties of affection, from schoolchildren's innocent intimacies to the \"likes\" strewn on Facebook. But let's talk about romance and the occasions that nourish it. In the ideal date, one person takes another by the hand and leads him or her into a realm of wonder. And how does one recognize that wonder? Through the passion one senses in the other person and the answering passion in one's own heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passion can be found in all things, even chess and mathematics. I'm not capable of being flirtatious with the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen's_Gambit\" target=\"_blank\">Queen's Opening\u003c/a> or making you giddy about \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'H%C3%B4pital's_rule\" target=\"_blank\">l'Hôpital's Rule\u003c/a>, but I can speak for geology lovers. \"Heart\" is an anagram of \"Earth\" for us. In the science devoted to landscape and rocks, the perception of color and form is not just an observational tool but an art. And the pursuit of meaning in geology begins with perceptions and intimations of beauty. So I heartily recommend dates with geologists, especially in this part of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan Brown, an undergrad studying meteorites at Portland State University, has fond memories of one such date in the Bay Area: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My pseudo first date took place in San Francisco while I was down there over the holiday break. I met a guy through my friend that I was staying with and he offered to show me around the city. There was a mutual attraction between us, but I was heading back to Portland and he to Iowa City. For that reason I call it a pseudo first date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Had it been a first date, it would have been damned near perfect. I say that because he took me to all these geologically interesting spots and just listened to me ramble about the geology. And he was actually interested in what I was saying, too. He didn't get bored when I started to talk about the significance of the chert and pillow basalts at Twin Peaks. Nor did he zone out when I got excited over the possible Bouma sequences at Sutro Baths and the neighboring beach a bit further down. I think he was amused by my ramblings actually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Regardless if it was a date or not, the combination of spending the day with a handsome man and looking at some cool geology made for a very ideal day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ah yes, the Bouma sequence (pronounced with a \"wow\"). While still a young grad student, Arnold Bouma discovered the signature of underwater landslides in the rocks—a set of specific features, stacked one atop the other, found in sandstone beds. Almost immediately people named them after Bouma, and for the rest of his long career he was that rare kind of celebrity, an eponym. But it's one thing for me to tell you about Bouma sequences and another to clamber about the Sutro Baths with someone special, finding and sharing them like daisies in a field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you don't believe me. Here's another example, from Erika Amir, who also recalls a good time in the Bay Area in this post on Twitter: \"My ex-bf told me that he fell in love with me after seeing my enthusiasm the first time I took him to see coastal tafoni!\" And how could he have resisted?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/14/romantic-spots-for-bay-area-geologists-and-those-who-love-them/georomance-tafoni/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49614\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/georomance-tafoni.jpg\" alt=\"Tafoni at Pebble Beach, San Mateo County\" width=\"600\" height=\"439\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49614\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/georomance-tafoni.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/georomance-tafoni-400x293.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tafoni at Pebble Beach, San Mateo County\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So if someone interesting proposes a day trip to a cool field site, why not open yourself up to the unexpected? In my two years here on KQED Quest Science Blogs, I've presented 24 different \"Geological Outings Around the Bay\" that would serve admirably:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/\">Albany Hill\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/07/geological-outings-around-the-bay-alum-rock-park/\">Alum Rock Park\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/16/geological-outings-around-the-bay-the-cordelia-and-green-valley-faults/\">The Cordelia and Green Valley faults\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/07/geological-outings-around-the-bay-the-great-slickenside-of-corona-heights/\">The Corona Heights slickenside\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">Fitzgerald Preserve\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fremont-peak/\">Fremont Peak\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">The Hayward fault in Hayward\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-las-trampas-regional-wilderness/\">Las Trampas Wilderness\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-los-trancos-open-space/\">Los Trancos and the San Andreas fault\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands/\">Marin Headlands\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/25/geological-outings-around-the-bay-the-moraga-formation/\">Moraga volcanics in the East Bay Hills\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/\">Mount Vaca\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/02/geological-outings-around-the-bay-napa-glass-mountain/\">Napa Glass Mountain\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/\">Natural Bridges\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-new-almaden/\">New Almaden\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-pebble-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">Point Año Nuevo\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/\">Point Pinole\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-ring-mountain/\">Ring Mountain\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-rodeo-beach/\">Rodeo Beach\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-san-bruno-mountain/\">San Bruno Mountain\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Shell Beach and the mammoth rubbing rocks\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/23/geological-outings-around-the-bay-stinson-beach/\">Stinson Beach\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/\">Sunol Wilderness\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Don't be surprised, be delighted if your current or future romantic partner treats you to a day straight up on the rocks.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1360963876,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":705},"headData":{"title":"Romantic Spots for Bay Area Geologists (and Those Who Love Them) | KQED","description":"Don't be surprised, be delighted if your current or future romantic partner treats you to a day straight up on the rocks.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Romantic Spots for Bay Area Geologists (and Those Who Love Them)","datePublished":"2013-02-14T19:02:42.000Z","dateModified":"2013-02-15T21:31:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"49612 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49612","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/14/romantic-spots-for-bay-area-geologists-and-those-who-love-them/","disqusTitle":"Romantic Spots for Bay Area Geologists (and Those Who Love Them)","path":"/quest/49612/romantic-spots-for-bay-area-geologists-and-those-who-love-them","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49613\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/14/romantic-spots-for-bay-area-geologists-and-those-who-love-them/georomance/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49613\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/georomance-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Ring Mountain, in Marin County, is as beautiful as it is geological. Photos by Andrew Alden\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-49613\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ring Mountain, in Marin County, is as beautiful as it is geological. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Valentine's Day honors all ties of affection, from schoolchildren's innocent intimacies to the \"likes\" strewn on Facebook. But let's talk about romance and the occasions that nourish it. In the ideal date, one person takes another by the hand and leads him or her into a realm of wonder. And how does one recognize that wonder? Through the passion one senses in the other person and the answering passion in one's own heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passion can be found in all things, even chess and mathematics. I'm not capable of being flirtatious with the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen's_Gambit\" target=\"_blank\">Queen's Opening\u003c/a> or making you giddy about \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'H%C3%B4pital's_rule\" target=\"_blank\">l'Hôpital's Rule\u003c/a>, but I can speak for geology lovers. \"Heart\" is an anagram of \"Earth\" for us. In the science devoted to landscape and rocks, the perception of color and form is not just an observational tool but an art. And the pursuit of meaning in geology begins with perceptions and intimations of beauty. So I heartily recommend dates with geologists, especially in this part of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan Brown, an undergrad studying meteorites at Portland State University, has fond memories of one such date in the Bay Area: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My pseudo first date took place in San Francisco while I was down there over the holiday break. I met a guy through my friend that I was staying with and he offered to show me around the city. There was a mutual attraction between us, but I was heading back to Portland and he to Iowa City. For that reason I call it a pseudo first date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Had it been a first date, it would have been damned near perfect. I say that because he took me to all these geologically interesting spots and just listened to me ramble about the geology. And he was actually interested in what I was saying, too. He didn't get bored when I started to talk about the significance of the chert and pillow basalts at Twin Peaks. Nor did he zone out when I got excited over the possible Bouma sequences at Sutro Baths and the neighboring beach a bit further down. I think he was amused by my ramblings actually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Regardless if it was a date or not, the combination of spending the day with a handsome man and looking at some cool geology made for a very ideal day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ah yes, the Bouma sequence (pronounced with a \"wow\"). While still a young grad student, Arnold Bouma discovered the signature of underwater landslides in the rocks—a set of specific features, stacked one atop the other, found in sandstone beds. Almost immediately people named them after Bouma, and for the rest of his long career he was that rare kind of celebrity, an eponym. But it's one thing for me to tell you about Bouma sequences and another to clamber about the Sutro Baths with someone special, finding and sharing them like daisies in a field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you don't believe me. Here's another example, from Erika Amir, who also recalls a good time in the Bay Area in this post on Twitter: \"My ex-bf told me that he fell in love with me after seeing my enthusiasm the first time I took him to see coastal tafoni!\" And how could he have resisted?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/14/romantic-spots-for-bay-area-geologists-and-those-who-love-them/georomance-tafoni/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49614\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/georomance-tafoni.jpg\" alt=\"Tafoni at Pebble Beach, San Mateo County\" width=\"600\" height=\"439\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49614\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/georomance-tafoni.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/georomance-tafoni-400x293.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tafoni at Pebble Beach, San Mateo County\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So if someone interesting proposes a day trip to a cool field site, why not open yourself up to the unexpected? In my two years here on KQED Quest Science Blogs, I've presented 24 different \"Geological Outings Around the Bay\" that would serve admirably:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/13/geological-outings-around-the-bay-albany-hill/\">Albany Hill\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/07/geological-outings-around-the-bay-alum-rock-park/\">Alum Rock Park\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/16/geological-outings-around-the-bay-the-cordelia-and-green-valley-faults/\">The Cordelia and Green Valley faults\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/07/geological-outings-around-the-bay-the-great-slickenside-of-corona-heights/\">The Corona Heights slickenside\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">Fitzgerald Preserve\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fremont-peak/\">Fremont Peak\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">The Hayward fault in Hayward\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-las-trampas-regional-wilderness/\">Las Trampas Wilderness\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-los-trancos-open-space/\">Los Trancos and the San Andreas fault\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands/\">Marin Headlands\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/25/geological-outings-around-the-bay-the-moraga-formation/\">Moraga volcanics in the East Bay Hills\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/\">Mount Vaca\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/02/geological-outings-around-the-bay-napa-glass-mountain/\">Napa Glass Mountain\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/\">Natural Bridges\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/15/geological-outings-around-the-bay-new-almaden/\">New Almaden\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-pebble-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">Point Año Nuevo\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/\">Point Pinole\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-ring-mountain/\">Ring Mountain\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-rodeo-beach/\">Rodeo Beach\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-san-bruno-mountain/\">San Bruno Mountain\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Shell Beach and the mammoth rubbing rocks\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/23/geological-outings-around-the-bay-stinson-beach/\">Stinson Beach\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/\">Sunol Wilderness\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/49612/romantic-spots-for-bay-area-geologists-and-those-who-love-them","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_11730","quest_771","quest_13200","quest_10113","quest_1881","quest_13202","quest_2447","quest_11729","quest_11728"],"featImg":"quest_49613","label":"quest"},"quest_33619":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_33619","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"33619","score":null,"sort":[1332443688000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness","title":"Testing a New Drug for Mountain Sickness","publishDate":1332443688,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/mtnscknss-top/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33625\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-top.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mtnscknss-top\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33625\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-top.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-top-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of the Sierra Nevada over Owens Valley from high in the White Mountains. The glories of the high country can be ruined by the body's reaction to the altitude. Photos by Andrew Alden except where noted.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the medical news this week was a study showing that \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/ibuprofen-may-prevent-altitude-sickness-15378\">altitude sickness can be prevented\u003c/a> with ordinary ibuprofen. This is interesting for geologists and anyone else who goes to high places. It was particularly so for me, because I served in that research study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altitude sickness—a syndrome formally called acute mountain sickness—affects about a quarter of people who ascend from sea level to elevations above 2500 meters, or 8250 feet. The main symptoms are headache, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite and trouble sleeping. For most victims it goes away in a day or two, but some cases are severe enough to be disabling, and if untreated the brain may sometimes start swelling inside the skull to the point of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best treatment for acute mountain sickness is to move to a lower elevation until the symptoms stop. But that isn't always possible—bad weather may pin you down, for instance. Some people, like search-and-rescue teams or soldiers, simply must carry on. Others, like ski parties or expeditions, are very reluctant to get off schedule. There are prescription drugs for preventing acute mountain sickness, but they have side effects that can be as severe as the condition they're treating. Plus, they need to be taken a day ahead of time—not good for, say, a fire-fighting crew. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a team of doctors, most of them at Stanford, designed a double-blinded study to test over-the-counter ibuprofen as a preventative. They sent groups of ordinary folks on a two-day summer exercise in the White Mountains, where Stanford maintains high-altitude research facilities. They sent out a call for volunteers. Sounded good to me. I arranged two more nights on the road and made a nice field trip through eastern California out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study employed 86 people on four separate weekends in the summer of 2010. My group assembled August 20 in Bishop, at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmrs.edu/facilities/OVL/default.htm\">Owens Valley Laboratory\u003c/a>, part of the University of California's White Mountain Research Station, and spent the night there at 1240 m (4100 ft). We got up early the next morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/bishopmorning/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33621\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bishopmorning.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bishopmorning\" width=\"600\" height=\"390\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33621\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bishopmorning.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bishopmorning-400x260.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAfter breakfast we took our first doses (ibuprofen or placebo, no one knew which), underwent examinations and filled out questionnaires. Among other things, we had our eyeballs ultrasounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33626\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/mtnscknss-ultrasound/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33626\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-ultrasound.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mtnscknss-ultrasound\" width=\"500\" height=\"416\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-ultrasound.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-ultrasound-400x333.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy Nic Kanaan, MD\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then we drove into the White Mountains and stopped for lunch at the bristlecone pine forest, where I'd never been before. The big snag on the left might be thousands of years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/bristlecones/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33622\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bristlecones.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bristlecones\" width=\"600\" height=\"453\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bristlecones.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bristlecones-400x302.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, at least, it was clear how the range got its name: large areas of dolomite marble. One idea for why bristlecones reach incredible ages here is simply that only dolomite can resist erosion for that long. I thought it was beautiful stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/dolomite/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33623\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/dolomite.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"dolomite\" width=\"500\" height=\"414\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33623\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/dolomite.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/dolomite-400x331.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From here, too, the view east over Nevada was immense; range after parallel range marching off to the horizon. Geologists know this as the Basin and Range province, a zone where the crust has stretched westward to one-and-a-half times its original width. The White Mountains, with their southern sister the Inyo Mountains, are the westernmost and highest of these ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/whitemtnvweast/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33630\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvweast.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whitemtnvweast\" width=\"600\" height=\"410\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33630\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvweast.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvweast-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next we parked at a gate at 3545 m (11,630 ft), took another dose, then hiked almost three miles with our backpacks of clothes and bedding to UC's \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmrs.edu/facilities/bar/default.htm\">Barcroft Station\u003c/a> at 3800 m (12,470 ft).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/mtnscknss-hiking/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33624\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-hiking.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mtnscknss-hiking\" width=\"600\" height=\"386\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33624\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-hiking.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-hiking-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy Nic Kanaan, MD\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I had never hiked at such an altitude before. Walking on level ground was OK, but whenever the path turned uphill my heart and lungs went into overtime and my legs turned to lead. When I couldn't push any more, though, I could pause for just a minute or two and feel fine again. That was uncanny. When the going was good, being there felt at times like floating in the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/whitemtnfloating/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33627\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnfloating.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whitemtnfloating\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33627\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnfloating.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnfloating-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We left our packs at Barcroft Station and then made one last steep climb to Mount Barcroft's summit, 3975 m (13040 ft). It felt so good to stop, and the view was fantastic. This is looking due west. . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/whitemtnvwwest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33620\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvwwest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whitemtnvwwest\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvwwest.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvwwest-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This wide area of the Owens Valley is a volcanic tableland made up of thick ashflow deposits of the Bishop Tuff; Chidalgo Canyon slashes across it and Lake Crowley in the Long Valley caldera is visible to its rear, in front of the high Sierra.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>. . . and this is White Mountain Peak, to the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33628\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/whitemtnpeak/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33628\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnpeak.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whitemtnpeak\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33628\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnpeak.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnpeak-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">White Mountain Peak is the highest point in the Basin and Range province and the third-highest point in California at 4344 m (14252 ft).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That evening one of the researchers delivered a thorough lecture on acute mountain sickness and other medical issues of high altitudes. It was a peek into the world of adventurers who braved altitudes twice as high as ours, pushing the limits of human capability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us experienced some of the symptoms of acute mountain sickness, no matter which pills we had taken. We played pool and socialized until bedtime. That's when I noticed how hard it was to sleep; part of it was physiological and part of it was an inability to tolerate snoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I took advantage of the sleepless night by arising before dawn. That was how I managed to witness a rare green flash as the sun first peeked over the Nevada ranges. After that was all downhill: breakfast, a final dose, and a last round of examinations. Then we were free to go. Some of us had plans to tackle White Mountain Peak; mine were to visit the volcanic wonders of Long Valley, at a much more manageable elevation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that was it for me until the \u003ca href=\"http://www.annemergmed.com/webfiles/images/journals/ymem/FA-gslipman.pdf\">first paper from the study\u003c/a> came out this week in \u003ci>Annals of Emergency Medicine\u003c/i>. Ibuprofen, it turned out, works roughly as well as other medicines but is much cheaper to get and easier to take. It won't stop all the symptoms, but it makes a notable difference and may save you from a very bad time. Remember it the next time you hit the high country.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Doctors have reported that common ibuprofen helps prevent altitude sickness. Read what it was like to be part of that research.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1332966099,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1060},"headData":{"title":"Testing a New Drug for Mountain Sickness | KQED","description":"Doctors have reported that common ibuprofen helps prevent altitude sickness. Read what it was like to be part of that research.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Testing a New Drug for Mountain Sickness","datePublished":"2012-03-22T19:14:48.000Z","dateModified":"2012-03-28T20:21:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"33619 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=33619","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/","disqusTitle":"Testing a New Drug for Mountain Sickness","path":"/quest/33619/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/mtnscknss-top/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33625\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-top.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mtnscknss-top\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33625\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-top.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-top-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of the Sierra Nevada over Owens Valley from high in the White Mountains. The glories of the high country can be ruined by the body's reaction to the altitude. Photos by Andrew Alden except where noted.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the medical news this week was a study showing that \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/ibuprofen-may-prevent-altitude-sickness-15378\">altitude sickness can be prevented\u003c/a> with ordinary ibuprofen. This is interesting for geologists and anyone else who goes to high places. It was particularly so for me, because I served in that research study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altitude sickness—a syndrome formally called acute mountain sickness—affects about a quarter of people who ascend from sea level to elevations above 2500 meters, or 8250 feet. The main symptoms are headache, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite and trouble sleeping. For most victims it goes away in a day or two, but some cases are severe enough to be disabling, and if untreated the brain may sometimes start swelling inside the skull to the point of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best treatment for acute mountain sickness is to move to a lower elevation until the symptoms stop. But that isn't always possible—bad weather may pin you down, for instance. Some people, like search-and-rescue teams or soldiers, simply must carry on. Others, like ski parties or expeditions, are very reluctant to get off schedule. There are prescription drugs for preventing acute mountain sickness, but they have side effects that can be as severe as the condition they're treating. Plus, they need to be taken a day ahead of time—not good for, say, a fire-fighting crew. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a team of doctors, most of them at Stanford, designed a double-blinded study to test over-the-counter ibuprofen as a preventative. They sent groups of ordinary folks on a two-day summer exercise in the White Mountains, where Stanford maintains high-altitude research facilities. They sent out a call for volunteers. Sounded good to me. I arranged two more nights on the road and made a nice field trip through eastern California out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study employed 86 people on four separate weekends in the summer of 2010. My group assembled August 20 in Bishop, at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmrs.edu/facilities/OVL/default.htm\">Owens Valley Laboratory\u003c/a>, part of the University of California's White Mountain Research Station, and spent the night there at 1240 m (4100 ft). We got up early the next morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/bishopmorning/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33621\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bishopmorning.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bishopmorning\" width=\"600\" height=\"390\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33621\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bishopmorning.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bishopmorning-400x260.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAfter breakfast we took our first doses (ibuprofen or placebo, no one knew which), underwent examinations and filled out questionnaires. Among other things, we had our eyeballs ultrasounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33626\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/mtnscknss-ultrasound/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33626\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-ultrasound.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mtnscknss-ultrasound\" width=\"500\" height=\"416\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-ultrasound.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-ultrasound-400x333.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy Nic Kanaan, MD\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then we drove into the White Mountains and stopped for lunch at the bristlecone pine forest, where I'd never been before. The big snag on the left might be thousands of years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/bristlecones/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33622\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bristlecones.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bristlecones\" width=\"600\" height=\"453\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bristlecones.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/bristlecones-400x302.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, at least, it was clear how the range got its name: large areas of dolomite marble. One idea for why bristlecones reach incredible ages here is simply that only dolomite can resist erosion for that long. I thought it was beautiful stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/dolomite/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33623\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/dolomite.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"dolomite\" width=\"500\" height=\"414\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33623\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/dolomite.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/dolomite-400x331.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From here, too, the view east over Nevada was immense; range after parallel range marching off to the horizon. Geologists know this as the Basin and Range province, a zone where the crust has stretched westward to one-and-a-half times its original width. The White Mountains, with their southern sister the Inyo Mountains, are the westernmost and highest of these ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/whitemtnvweast/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33630\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvweast.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whitemtnvweast\" width=\"600\" height=\"410\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33630\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvweast.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvweast-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next we parked at a gate at 3545 m (11,630 ft), took another dose, then hiked almost three miles with our backpacks of clothes and bedding to UC's \u003ca href=\"http://www.wmrs.edu/facilities/bar/default.htm\">Barcroft Station\u003c/a> at 3800 m (12,470 ft).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/mtnscknss-hiking/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33624\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-hiking.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mtnscknss-hiking\" width=\"600\" height=\"386\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33624\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-hiking.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/mtnscknss-hiking-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy Nic Kanaan, MD\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I had never hiked at such an altitude before. Walking on level ground was OK, but whenever the path turned uphill my heart and lungs went into overtime and my legs turned to lead. When I couldn't push any more, though, I could pause for just a minute or two and feel fine again. That was uncanny. When the going was good, being there felt at times like floating in the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/whitemtnfloating/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33627\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnfloating.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whitemtnfloating\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33627\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnfloating.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnfloating-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We left our packs at Barcroft Station and then made one last steep climb to Mount Barcroft's summit, 3975 m (13040 ft). It felt so good to stop, and the view was fantastic. This is looking due west. . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/whitemtnvwwest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33620\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvwwest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whitemtnvwwest\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvwwest.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnvwwest-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This wide area of the Owens Valley is a volcanic tableland made up of thick ashflow deposits of the Bishop Tuff; Chidalgo Canyon slashes across it and Lake Crowley in the Long Valley caldera is visible to its rear, in front of the high Sierra.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>. . . and this is White Mountain Peak, to the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33628\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/22/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness/whitemtnpeak/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-33628\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnpeak.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whitemtnpeak\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33628\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnpeak.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/whitemtnpeak-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">White Mountain Peak is the highest point in the Basin and Range province and the third-highest point in California at 4344 m (14252 ft).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That evening one of the researchers delivered a thorough lecture on acute mountain sickness and other medical issues of high altitudes. It was a peek into the world of adventurers who braved altitudes twice as high as ours, pushing the limits of human capability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us experienced some of the symptoms of acute mountain sickness, no matter which pills we had taken. We played pool and socialized until bedtime. That's when I noticed how hard it was to sleep; part of it was physiological and part of it was an inability to tolerate snoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I took advantage of the sleepless night by arising before dawn. That was how I managed to witness a rare green flash as the sun first peeked over the Nevada ranges. After that was all downhill: breakfast, a final dose, and a last round of examinations. Then we were free to go. Some of us had plans to tackle White Mountain Peak; mine were to visit the volcanic wonders of Long Valley, at a much more manageable elevation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that was it for me until the \u003ca href=\"http://www.annemergmed.com/webfiles/images/journals/ymem/FA-gslipman.pdf\">first paper from the study\u003c/a> came out this week in \u003ci>Annals of Emergency Medicine\u003c/i>. Ibuprofen, it turned out, works roughly as well as other medicines but is much cheaper to get and easier to take. It won't stop all the symptoms, but it makes a notable difference and may save you from a very bad time. Remember it the next time you hit the high country.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/33619/testing-a-new-drug-for-mountain-sickness","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_10867","quest_3517","quest_10866","quest_10868","quest_1881","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_33625","label":"quest"},"quest_28655":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_28655","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"28655","score":null,"sort":[1324577927000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-bay-area-geological-holiday-quiz","title":"The Bay Area Geological Holiday Quiz","publishDate":1324577927,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/22/the-bay-area-geological-holiday-quiz/diablo-xmasquiz/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-28656\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/diablo-xmasquiz.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"diablo-xmasquiz\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28656\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/diablo-xmasquiz.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/diablo-xmasquiz-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">You know Mount Diablo. But do you know what kind of rock it's made of? Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're like me, one highlight of your Christmas celebration is the consternating quiz that columnist Jon Carroll publishes in the \u003ci>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/i> every year. Acknowledging the greatness as well as the priority of the Carroll quiz, I am humbly pleased to bring a geological version to the pages of KQED Quest Science Blogs. The quiz is centered on the Bay Area, which in addition to its other virtues is a premier destination for Earth scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 20 questions, each with one correct answer. Some answers may be found in my posts from this year. Some answers can be found on Google and others cannot, but you're coolest if you don't need to search. There is one big hint on this page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now the fine print: No prizes are awarded; answers will be added to this post on Boxing Day; until then please post questions, not answers, in the comments. All right? OK!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. What is California's state rock: gold, mariposite, quartz, serpentine?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. How big was the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: 7.8, 8.0, 8.2, 9.0?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Which of these places is on the North American plate: Aptos, Bolinas, Colma, Davenport?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Which of these places is on the Pacific plate: San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. What is the highest magnitude earthquake that the Hayward fault is capable of: 6.7, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. Mount Tamalpais is primarily what rock type: blueschist, chert, marble, melange?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7. What mineral resource has NOT been produced in the Bay Area: coal, mercury, petroleum, uranium?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>8. What fossils are NOT found in the Bay Area: ammonites, dinosaurs, hypsodonts, mammoths?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>9. What fault continues north where the Hayward fault ends: Calaveras, Rodgers Creek, San Andreas, Zayante?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>10. Mount Hamilton is primarily what rock type: gneiss, granite, graywacke, greenstone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11. What fault continues north where the Concord fault ends: Flint Hills, Green Valley, Greenville, Maacama?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>12. Which Spanish word tells you there was once a lime kiln here: calabaza, calavera, calera, calesitas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>13. The San Gregorio fault occurs onshore in what county?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>14. Franciscan rocks are mapped in 14 different entities called what: belts, formations, melanges, terranes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>15. What rock type is at the top of Mount Diablo: basalt, harzburgite, rhyolite, schist?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>16. Which entity allows personal fossil collecting: BLM, Caltrans, Coastal Commission, state parks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>17. Which North Bay mountain is an actual (former) volcano: Burdell, Konocti, St. Helena, Tamalpais?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>18. Mount St. Helena is primarily what rock type: diatomite, serpentinite, slate, tuff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>19. What kind of ore was mined south of Livermore during World War II: iron, magnesium, uranium, vanadium?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>20. Where is the Bay Area's only geyser: Calistoga, The Geysers, Great America Park, Mount Diablo?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And here are the answers:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. California's state rock is serpentine, better known as \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/metrockindex/rocpicserpentinite.htm\">serpentinite\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. The \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/historicearthquakes/a/aa_frisco06.htm\">1906 San Francisco earthquake\u003c/a> was magnitude 7.8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Colma is east of the San Andreas fault and therefore on the North American plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Santa Cruz, conversely, is on the Pacific plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. The Hayward fault is considered capable of a magnitude 7.5 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. Mount Tamalpais is primarily \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">melange\u003c/a>, an intimate mixture of metamorphic rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7. To my knowledge, uranium has never been produced in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>8. No dinosaur fossils are known from the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>9. The Rodgers Creek fault continues north where the Hayward fault ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>10. Mount Hamilton is primarily \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/sedrockindex/rocpicgraywacke.htm\">graywacke\u003c/a>, a variety of sandstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11. The Green Valley fault continues north where the Concord fault ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>12. \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">Calera\u003c/a>\" is the Spanish term for a limekiln, where limestone is roasted into lime. You may now look up the other three words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>13. The San Gregorio fault occurs onshore only in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">San\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/28/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-san-gregorio-beach/\">Mateo\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">County\u003c/a>, just missing San Francisco and Santa Cruz counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>14. Franciscan rocks are mapped in 14 different entities called terranes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>15. The top of Mount Diablo consists mostly of \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/more_igrocks/ig/basalt/\">basalt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>16. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/17/fossil-collecting-in-the-bay-area/\">The Bureau of Land Management allows personal fossil collecting\u003c/a> on the public lands it administers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>17. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/28/bay-area-volcanoes/\">Mount Konocti\u003c/a>, overlooking Clear Lake, is a former volcano, although the others contain volcanic rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>18. Mount St. Helena is primarily \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/igrockindex/rocpictuff.htm\">tuff\u003c/a>, or volcanic sediments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>19. Magnesium ore, the mineral \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/minerals/ig/minpiccarbonates/minpicmagnesite.htm\">magnesite\u003c/a>, was mined in the ultramafic rocks south of Livermore during World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>20. The Bay Area's only geyser \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/bloldfaithful.htm\">is in Calistoga\u003c/a>, but it's an artificial one that erupts in a drilled hole.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Twenty questions, four days to answer them, and one giveaway hint -- that's what this geological quiz is about.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1326485627,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":760},"headData":{"title":"The Bay Area Geological Holiday Quiz | KQED","description":"Twenty questions, four days to answer them, and one giveaway hint -- that's what this geological quiz is about.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Bay Area Geological Holiday Quiz","datePublished":"2011-12-22T18:18:47.000Z","dateModified":"2012-01-13T20:13:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28655 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=28655","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/22/the-bay-area-geological-holiday-quiz/","disqusTitle":"The Bay Area Geological Holiday Quiz","path":"/quest/28655/the-bay-area-geological-holiday-quiz","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/22/the-bay-area-geological-holiday-quiz/diablo-xmasquiz/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-28656\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/diablo-xmasquiz.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"diablo-xmasquiz\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28656\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/diablo-xmasquiz.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/diablo-xmasquiz-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">You know Mount Diablo. But do you know what kind of rock it's made of? Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're like me, one highlight of your Christmas celebration is the consternating quiz that columnist Jon Carroll publishes in the \u003ci>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/i> every year. Acknowledging the greatness as well as the priority of the Carroll quiz, I am humbly pleased to bring a geological version to the pages of KQED Quest Science Blogs. The quiz is centered on the Bay Area, which in addition to its other virtues is a premier destination for Earth scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 20 questions, each with one correct answer. Some answers may be found in my posts from this year. Some answers can be found on Google and others cannot, but you're coolest if you don't need to search. There is one big hint on this page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now the fine print: No prizes are awarded; answers will be added to this post on Boxing Day; until then please post questions, not answers, in the comments. All right? OK!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. What is California's state rock: gold, mariposite, quartz, serpentine?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. How big was the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: 7.8, 8.0, 8.2, 9.0?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Which of these places is on the North American plate: Aptos, Bolinas, Colma, Davenport?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Which of these places is on the Pacific plate: San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. What is the highest magnitude earthquake that the Hayward fault is capable of: 6.7, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. Mount Tamalpais is primarily what rock type: blueschist, chert, marble, melange?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7. What mineral resource has NOT been produced in the Bay Area: coal, mercury, petroleum, uranium?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>8. What fossils are NOT found in the Bay Area: ammonites, dinosaurs, hypsodonts, mammoths?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>9. What fault continues north where the Hayward fault ends: Calaveras, Rodgers Creek, San Andreas, Zayante?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>10. Mount Hamilton is primarily what rock type: gneiss, granite, graywacke, greenstone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11. What fault continues north where the Concord fault ends: Flint Hills, Green Valley, Greenville, Maacama?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>12. Which Spanish word tells you there was once a lime kiln here: calabaza, calavera, calera, calesitas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>13. The San Gregorio fault occurs onshore in what county?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>14. Franciscan rocks are mapped in 14 different entities called what: belts, formations, melanges, terranes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>15. What rock type is at the top of Mount Diablo: basalt, harzburgite, rhyolite, schist?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>16. Which entity allows personal fossil collecting: BLM, Caltrans, Coastal Commission, state parks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>17. Which North Bay mountain is an actual (former) volcano: Burdell, Konocti, St. Helena, Tamalpais?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>18. Mount St. Helena is primarily what rock type: diatomite, serpentinite, slate, tuff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>19. What kind of ore was mined south of Livermore during World War II: iron, magnesium, uranium, vanadium?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>20. Where is the Bay Area's only geyser: Calistoga, The Geysers, Great America Park, Mount Diablo?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And here are the answers:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. California's state rock is serpentine, better known as \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/metrockindex/rocpicserpentinite.htm\">serpentinite\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. The \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/historicearthquakes/a/aa_frisco06.htm\">1906 San Francisco earthquake\u003c/a> was magnitude 7.8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Colma is east of the San Andreas fault and therefore on the North American plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Santa Cruz, conversely, is on the Pacific plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. The Hayward fault is considered capable of a magnitude 7.5 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. Mount Tamalpais is primarily \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">melange\u003c/a>, an intimate mixture of metamorphic rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7. To my knowledge, uranium has never been produced in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>8. No dinosaur fossils are known from the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>9. The Rodgers Creek fault continues north where the Hayward fault ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>10. Mount Hamilton is primarily \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/sedrockindex/rocpicgraywacke.htm\">graywacke\u003c/a>, a variety of sandstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11. The Green Valley fault continues north where the Concord fault ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>12. \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/14/calera-limestone-a-gift-from-the-ancient-pacific/\">Calera\u003c/a>\" is the Spanish term for a limekiln, where limestone is roasted into lime. You may now look up the other three words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>13. The San Gregorio fault occurs onshore only in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">San\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/28/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-san-gregorio-beach/\">Mateo\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">County\u003c/a>, just missing San Francisco and Santa Cruz counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>14. Franciscan rocks are mapped in 14 different entities called terranes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>15. The top of Mount Diablo consists mostly of \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/more_igrocks/ig/basalt/\">basalt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>16. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/17/fossil-collecting-in-the-bay-area/\">The Bureau of Land Management allows personal fossil collecting\u003c/a> on the public lands it administers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>17. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/28/bay-area-volcanoes/\">Mount Konocti\u003c/a>, overlooking Clear Lake, is a former volcano, although the others contain volcanic rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>18. Mount St. Helena is primarily \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/igrockindex/rocpictuff.htm\">tuff\u003c/a>, or volcanic sediments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>19. Magnesium ore, the mineral \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/minerals/ig/minpiccarbonates/minpicmagnesite.htm\">magnesite\u003c/a>, was mined in the ultramafic rocks south of Livermore during World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>20. The Bay Area's only geyser \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/bloldfaithful.htm\">is in Calistoga\u003c/a>, but it's an artificial one that erupts in a drilled hole.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/28655/the-bay-area-geological-holiday-quiz","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_909","quest_10586","quest_10585","quest_9996","quest_1881","quest_13202","quest_10584","quest_2447","quest_3088"],"featImg":"quest_28656","label":"quest"},"quest_22882":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_22882","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"22882","score":null,"sort":[1313509287000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rumors-and-truth-in-lake-tahoe","title":"Rumors and Truth in Lake Tahoe","publishDate":1313509287,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A few weeks ago, scuba divers in \u003ca href=\"http://tahoe.usgs.gov/facts.html\">Lake Tahoe\u003c/a> found the body of a man who had drowned in the lake 17 years ago. Still in its wetsuit, the body was very well preserved. Because the water in this high alpine lake is so cold, decomposition is very slow. This fact has spawned rumors, the most famous of which involves Jacques Cousteau and still makes me shudder, years after I first heard it. Apparently, years ago, Cousteau went scuba diving in Lake Tahoe. He emerged from the water shaken, but not with cold. He said, “The world is not ready for what I have seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did Cousteau see? Maybe the bodies of unlucky gamblers who crossed the Mafia in 1950s Reno. Or maybe it was Tahoe Tessie, the Loch Ness likeness of the lake. But, in its \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-missing-diver-20110809,0,7841332.story\">coverage\u003c/a> of the recent discovery, the LA Times said that Cousteau never actually visited Lake Tahoe. The Cousteau story may be a myth, but it is no less chilling, because the physical conditions of the lake are such that bodies could still be drifting beneath the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 1645 feet (depending on the level of water in the basin), Lake Tahoe is the second deepest lake in the US. (Crater Lake in Oregon is the deepest in the country. The world record goes to Russia’s Lake Baikal, which is some 5,369 feet deep.) Lake Tahoe is located between two fault zones, and it formed through a tectonic combo of uplift and subsidence. The Sierra Nevada mountains rose up on the west and the Carson Range rose up on the east. The rock underneath the lake sank down to form a flat-bottomed basin called a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben\">graben\u003c/a>. The word is German for “grave” and refers to the lake’s low-lying nature—and perhaps also to whatever Cousteau purportedly saw underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is cold. The temperature at the surface of the lake varies, from a low of about 40 degrees in February or March to a high of about 75 degrees towards the end of the summer. Below the surface, the temperature is a chilly 39 degrees. In the winter, when the surface and the deep waters are relatively close in temperature, the wind blowing across the surface of the lake mixes the water. This brings oxygen from the surface layer down to the depths, and nutrients from the depths up to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the mixing occurred from the surface down to about 550 feet, because the surface of the lake remained relatively warm throughout the winter. In previous years, mixing has occurred down to about 1500 feet. Since the 1970s, the surface layer of the lake has gotten warmer in the summer, and it retains that heat throughout the winter. Just like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/08/the-deep-cold-secret-behind-summer-fog/\">in the ocean\u003c/a>, stratification—a warm surface layer that is distinct from the cold bottom layer—means it is hard to get the surface and deep waters to mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is famous for its clear waters. But, as UC Davis’s recently released \u003ca href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu/stateofthelake/\">Tahoe: State of the Lake Report\u003c/a> explains, the lake is \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2011/08/12/state/n133751D33.DTL\">not as clear as it used to be\u003c/a>. In the 1960s, you could see down to a depth of about 100 feet, but now you can see down to only about 70 feet. The lake has become cloudier because nutrients enter the lake via 63 rivers and streams, and those nutrients fuel the growth of algae. And, global warming plays a role: the warm surface of the lake gives a particular species of microalgae a competitive advantage, and the tiny bodies of the microalgae cloud the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clarity of the lake, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefund.org/about-tahoe/threats-to-tahoe/\">its invasive species\u003c/a>, will be on the agenda today at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefund.org/events/the-2011-lake-tahoe-environmental-summit/\">Lake Tahoe Environmental Summit\u003c/a>. Nevada Senator Harry Reid and California Senator Dianne Feinstein will both be at the Homewood Resort, discussing Lake Tahoe’s economic and ecological challenges.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A few weeks ago, scuba divers in Lake Tahoe found the body of a man who had drowned in the lake 17 years ago. Still in its wetsuit, the body was very well preserved. Because the water in this high alpine lake is so cold, decomposition is very slow. This fact has spawned rumors, the most famous of which involves Jacques Cousteau and still makes me shudder, years after I first heard it. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442764197,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":664},"headData":{"title":"Rumors and Truth in Lake Tahoe | KQED","description":"A few weeks ago, scuba divers in Lake Tahoe found the body of a man who had drowned in the lake 17 years ago. Still in its wetsuit, the body was very well preserved. Because the water in this high alpine lake is so cold, decomposition is very slow. This fact has spawned rumors, the most famous of which involves Jacques Cousteau and still makes me shudder, years after I first heard it. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Rumors and Truth in Lake Tahoe","datePublished":"2011-08-16T15:41:27.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-20T15:49:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"22882 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=22882","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/16/rumors-and-truth-in-lake-tahoe/","disqusTitle":"Rumors and Truth in Lake Tahoe","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/22882/rumors-and-truth-in-lake-tahoe","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A few weeks ago, scuba divers in \u003ca href=\"http://tahoe.usgs.gov/facts.html\">Lake Tahoe\u003c/a> found the body of a man who had drowned in the lake 17 years ago. Still in its wetsuit, the body was very well preserved. Because the water in this high alpine lake is so cold, decomposition is very slow. This fact has spawned rumors, the most famous of which involves Jacques Cousteau and still makes me shudder, years after I first heard it. Apparently, years ago, Cousteau went scuba diving in Lake Tahoe. He emerged from the water shaken, but not with cold. He said, “The world is not ready for what I have seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did Cousteau see? Maybe the bodies of unlucky gamblers who crossed the Mafia in 1950s Reno. Or maybe it was Tahoe Tessie, the Loch Ness likeness of the lake. But, in its \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-missing-diver-20110809,0,7841332.story\">coverage\u003c/a> of the recent discovery, the LA Times said that Cousteau never actually visited Lake Tahoe. The Cousteau story may be a myth, but it is no less chilling, because the physical conditions of the lake are such that bodies could still be drifting beneath the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 1645 feet (depending on the level of water in the basin), Lake Tahoe is the second deepest lake in the US. (Crater Lake in Oregon is the deepest in the country. The world record goes to Russia’s Lake Baikal, which is some 5,369 feet deep.) Lake Tahoe is located between two fault zones, and it formed through a tectonic combo of uplift and subsidence. The Sierra Nevada mountains rose up on the west and the Carson Range rose up on the east. The rock underneath the lake sank down to form a flat-bottomed basin called a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben\">graben\u003c/a>. The word is German for “grave” and refers to the lake’s low-lying nature—and perhaps also to whatever Cousteau purportedly saw underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is cold. The temperature at the surface of the lake varies, from a low of about 40 degrees in February or March to a high of about 75 degrees towards the end of the summer. Below the surface, the temperature is a chilly 39 degrees. In the winter, when the surface and the deep waters are relatively close in temperature, the wind blowing across the surface of the lake mixes the water. This brings oxygen from the surface layer down to the depths, and nutrients from the depths up to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the mixing occurred from the surface down to about 550 feet, because the surface of the lake remained relatively warm throughout the winter. In previous years, mixing has occurred down to about 1500 feet. Since the 1970s, the surface layer of the lake has gotten warmer in the summer, and it retains that heat throughout the winter. Just like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/08/the-deep-cold-secret-behind-summer-fog/\">in the ocean\u003c/a>, stratification—a warm surface layer that is distinct from the cold bottom layer—means it is hard to get the surface and deep waters to mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is famous for its clear waters. But, as UC Davis’s recently released \u003ca href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu/stateofthelake/\">Tahoe: State of the Lake Report\u003c/a> explains, the lake is \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2011/08/12/state/n133751D33.DTL\">not as clear as it used to be\u003c/a>. In the 1960s, you could see down to a depth of about 100 feet, but now you can see down to only about 70 feet. The lake has become cloudier because nutrients enter the lake via 63 rivers and streams, and those nutrients fuel the growth of algae. And, global warming plays a role: the warm surface of the lake gives a particular species of microalgae a competitive advantage, and the tiny bodies of the microalgae cloud the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clarity of the lake, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefund.org/about-tahoe/threats-to-tahoe/\">its invasive species\u003c/a>, will be on the agenda today at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefund.org/events/the-2011-lake-tahoe-environmental-summit/\">Lake Tahoe Environmental Summit\u003c/a>. Nevada Senator Harry Reid and California Senator Dianne Feinstein will both be at the Homewood Resort, discussing Lake Tahoe’s economic and ecological challenges.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/22882/rumors-and-truth-in-lake-tahoe","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_9992","quest_621","quest_9993","quest_1489","quest_1601","quest_1603","quest_1877","quest_1881","quest_9994","quest_13"],"featImg":"quest_22885","label":"source_quest_22882"},"quest_19234":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19234","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19234","score":null,"sort":[1307044475000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mount-diablo-views","title":"Mount Diablo Views","publishDate":1307044475,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablo300.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Mount Diablo is seen with its foothills from Wildcat Canyon Road near Inspiration Point in the Berkeley Hills. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/hortulus_aptus/\">Seán O'Hara\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative commons license. Photos by Andrew Alden unless otherwise indicated.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Diablo, in the heart of the East Bay, is an interesting mountain in many ways. It has fossils. It has a lot of serpentinite in it, with the accompanying \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/16/home-sweet-serpentine/\">serpentine plant community\u003c/a>. It's been mined for mercury and other metals. It's an exceptional structure even in a region of crazy-complicated tectonic structures. But I expect to get into the geological details some other time. Because first of all, Mount Diablo is just \u003ci>there\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Diablo was always a landmark, so widely visible around the Bay and central California that in 1851 its peak was named the base line for land divisions. Around here and across the majority of California and all of Nevada, every \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/maps/ig/township-range/\">township and section\u003c/a> is numbered in relation to the north-south Mt. Diablo Meridian and the east-west Mt. Diablo Base Line. (Full details are given by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdshs.org/\">Mount Diablo Surveyors Historical Society\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today few of us have any awareness of land division, and we can simply enjoy the peak's prominence as we drive Bay Area roads or hike the hills. Around the Bay proper, Mount Diablo peeks over the Berkeley Hills as seen from Corona Heights in San Francisco . . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosf.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo san francisco\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>. . . or from the hills above Marin City, where the \"devil's mountain\" overlooks Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiabloangel.jpg\" alt=\"angel island\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see the peak's full extent we need to cross the hills of the East Bay, or at least climb them. Here the mountain is seen from the Los Buellis Hills, east of San Jose, looking up the valley formed by the Calaveras fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosanjose.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo san jose\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once over the hills, your every vista centers around Diablo whether it's the view from Oakland . . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosiesta.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo siesta valley\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>. . . or from the Tassajara Valley . . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablotassa.jpg\" alt=\"tassajara valley\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>. . . or from the Delta:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosjv.jpg\" alt=\"delta\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/philosophygeek/\">Mark Johnson\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Interstate 5, Mount Diablo can be spotted from the Dunnigan Hills in the north to near Patterson in the south. From state route 99 it's visible from a much longer stretch, but only if the conditions are right. In fact, instead of driving everywhere to determine Mount Diablo's viewshed, it's more efficient to visit the peak itself on a perfect day and look outward. There's a handy sign pointing out what's possible on a perfect day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosign.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo sign\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/allaboutgeorge/\">George Kelly\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've been up there on a perfect day, and while it's not geometrically possible, atmospheric refraction has allowed me to spot Mount Shasta. An example of a typical excellent (not perfect) day shows Pyramid Peak in the central Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosierra.jpg\" alt=\"sierra nevada\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/people/14657061@N00/\">advencap\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such days were once more common. A. J. McCall, standing at the Sierra's crest on September 7, 1849, recorded \"a picture of wonderful grandeur and magnificence\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Below were a succession of innumerable pine-covered mountain peaks, growing less and less until they disappeared in a broad, yellow valley sweeping north and south until lost to view, and beyond another range of mountains. This was the far-famed Sacramento Valley, nearly a hundred miles distant. The purity of the atmosphere rendered vision almost illimitable, showing every line and shadow distinctly.\" (\u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/b/2010/03/19/hard-road-west-by-keith-meldahl.htm\">source\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Today the activities of ten million modern Californians make such purity almost unattainable—especially around Labor Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a common belief that when pioneer scout Kit Carson guided the Fremont Expedition over the Sierra in the winter of 1844 (at today's Carson Pass), he recognized his position by spotting Mount Diablo: \"There is the little mountain—it is 15 years since I saw it; but I am just as sure as if I had seen it yesterday.\" But \u003ca href=\"http://www.longcamp.com/little_mountain.html\">Bob Graham and Peter Lathrop argue convincingly\u003c/a> that it was not Diablo, but the whole Coast Range that Carson meant. That's too bad; it was a good story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8817 -121.9146\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Mount Diablo, in the heart of the East Bay, is an interesting mountain in many ways. But first of all, Mount Diablo is just \u003ci>there\u003c/i>.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1311134989,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":684},"headData":{"title":"Mount Diablo Views | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mount Diablo Views","datePublished":"2011-06-02T19:54:35.000Z","dateModified":"2011-07-20T04:09:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19234 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=14940","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/02/mount-diablo-views/","disqusTitle":"Mount Diablo Views","path":"/quest/19234/mount-diablo-views","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablo300.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Mount Diablo is seen with its foothills from Wildcat Canyon Road near Inspiration Point in the Berkeley Hills. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/hortulus_aptus/\">Seán O'Hara\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative commons license. Photos by Andrew Alden unless otherwise indicated.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Diablo, in the heart of the East Bay, is an interesting mountain in many ways. It has fossils. It has a lot of serpentinite in it, with the accompanying \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/16/home-sweet-serpentine/\">serpentine plant community\u003c/a>. It's been mined for mercury and other metals. It's an exceptional structure even in a region of crazy-complicated tectonic structures. But I expect to get into the geological details some other time. Because first of all, Mount Diablo is just \u003ci>there\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Diablo was always a landmark, so widely visible around the Bay and central California that in 1851 its peak was named the base line for land divisions. Around here and across the majority of California and all of Nevada, every \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/maps/ig/township-range/\">township and section\u003c/a> is numbered in relation to the north-south Mt. Diablo Meridian and the east-west Mt. Diablo Base Line. (Full details are given by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdshs.org/\">Mount Diablo Surveyors Historical Society\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today few of us have any awareness of land division, and we can simply enjoy the peak's prominence as we drive Bay Area roads or hike the hills. Around the Bay proper, Mount Diablo peeks over the Berkeley Hills as seen from Corona Heights in San Francisco . . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosf.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo san francisco\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>. . . or from the hills above Marin City, where the \"devil's mountain\" overlooks Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiabloangel.jpg\" alt=\"angel island\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see the peak's full extent we need to cross the hills of the East Bay, or at least climb them. Here the mountain is seen from the Los Buellis Hills, east of San Jose, looking up the valley formed by the Calaveras fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosanjose.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo san jose\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once over the hills, your every vista centers around Diablo whether it's the view from Oakland . . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosiesta.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo siesta valley\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>. . . or from the Tassajara Valley . . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablotassa.jpg\" alt=\"tassajara valley\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>. . . or from the Delta:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosjv.jpg\" alt=\"delta\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/philosophygeek/\">Mark Johnson\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Interstate 5, Mount Diablo can be spotted from the Dunnigan Hills in the north to near Patterson in the south. From state route 99 it's visible from a much longer stretch, but only if the conditions are right. In fact, instead of driving everywhere to determine Mount Diablo's viewshed, it's more efficient to visit the peak itself on a perfect day and look outward. There's a handy sign pointing out what's possible on a perfect day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosign.jpg\" alt=\"mount diablo sign\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/allaboutgeorge/\">George Kelly\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've been up there on a perfect day, and while it's not geometrically possible, atmospheric refraction has allowed me to spot Mount Shasta. An example of a typical excellent (not perfect) day shows Pyramid Peak in the central Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/mtdiablosierra.jpg\" alt=\"sierra nevada\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>\u003ci>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/people/14657061@N00/\">advencap\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license\u003c/i>\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such days were once more common. A. J. McCall, standing at the Sierra's crest on September 7, 1849, recorded \"a picture of wonderful grandeur and magnificence\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Below were a succession of innumerable pine-covered mountain peaks, growing less and less until they disappeared in a broad, yellow valley sweeping north and south until lost to view, and beyond another range of mountains. This was the far-famed Sacramento Valley, nearly a hundred miles distant. The purity of the atmosphere rendered vision almost illimitable, showing every line and shadow distinctly.\" (\u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/b/2010/03/19/hard-road-west-by-keith-meldahl.htm\">source\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Today the activities of ten million modern Californians make such purity almost unattainable—especially around Labor Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a common belief that when pioneer scout Kit Carson guided the Fremont Expedition over the Sierra in the winter of 1844 (at today's Carson Pass), he recognized his position by spotting Mount Diablo: \"There is the little mountain—it is 15 years since I saw it; but I am just as sure as if I had seen it yesterday.\" But \u003ca href=\"http://www.longcamp.com/little_mountain.html\">Bob Graham and Peter Lathrop argue convincingly\u003c/a> that it was not Diablo, but the whole Coast Range that Carson meant. That's too bad; it was a good story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8817 -121.9146\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19234/mount-diablo-views","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_94","quest_910","quest_1881","quest_1889","quest_2025","quest_2487","quest_2630","quest_3791","quest_3817"],"featImg":"quest_14942","label":"quest"},"quest_17075":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17075","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17075","score":null,"sort":[1298910600000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-science-of-snow-2","title":"The Science of Snow","publishDate":1298910600,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-28-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been a harsh winter across the US. Snow has blanketed the Sierra Nevada, where the snowpack is well above normal. Lots of snow means good skiing, but it also means an increased danger of avalanches. Lauren Sommer travels to Lake Tahoe where researchers are trying to understand the inner workings of snow a little bit better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's been a harsh winter across the US. Snow has blanketed the Sierra Nevada, where the snowpack is well above normal. Lots of snow means good skiing, but it also means an increased danger of avalanches. Lauren Sommer travels to Lake Tahoe where researchers are trying to understand the inner workings of snow a little bit better.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1310161074,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":75},"headData":{"title":"The Science of Snow | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Science of Snow","datePublished":"2011-02-28T16:30:00.000Z","dateModified":"2011-07-08T21:37:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17075 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-science-of-snow/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/28/the-science-of-snow-2/","disqusTitle":"The Science of Snow","path":"/quest/17075/the-science-of-snow-2","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-28-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-28-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been a harsh winter across the US. Snow has blanketed the Sierra Nevada, where the snowpack is well above normal. Lots of snow means good skiing, but it also means an increased danger of avalanches. Lauren Sommer travels to Lake Tahoe where researchers are trying to understand the inner workings of snow a little bit better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17075/the-science-of-snow-2","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_6"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_1881","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_3339","quest_2630","quest_2644","quest_3328","quest_2682","quest_3108","quest_3340","quest_19"],"featImg":"quest_12549","label":"quest"},"quest_19193":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19193","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19193","score":null,"sort":[1298670985000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-science-of-snow","title":"The Science of Snow","publishDate":1298670985,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Science of Snow | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/avalanche300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a harsh winter across the US. Snow has blanketed the Sierra Nevada, where the snowpack is well above normal. Lots of snow means good skiing, but it also means an increased danger of avalanches. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avalanches aren’t something most skiers and snowboarders have to think about. That’s because ski areas take preventative action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the backside of \u003ca href=\"http://www.squaw.com/\">Squaw Valley Ski Resort\u003c/a>, two ski patrollers drop into a black diamond run known as Granite Chief. Below them are mounds of fresh, untouched powder – more than seven feet deep. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patrollers are throwing explosive charges onto the slopes to trigger smaller, less dangerous avalanches. Booms ring out across the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=”QUEST Audio Player” skin=”http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip” file=”http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-28-quest.mp3″ ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-science-of-snow\">The Science of Snow\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“The Sierras are known for getting tons of snow really quick,” says Will Paden, the avalanche forecaster at Squaw Valley Ski Resort. “We’re constantly trying to start the avalanches so that we don’t let the snow pack build up to be too deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paden says on a day like today, they’ll use more than a thousand pounds of explosives to make the ski area safe. But the job isn’t over when the snow stops falling. The snowpack is constantly changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day could be perfect powder and then that afternoon the wind can pick up and put wind crust on top of that perfect powder and make it difficult skiing,” says Paden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avalanche forecasting is even more technical. “We had a lot of riming in this snow and some graupel events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To translate that, you have to go inside the snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a slope outside of Truckee, Brandon Schwartz uses a shovel to cut a cross-section in the snow. As a forecaster with the non-profit \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/\">Sierra Avalanche Center\u003c/a>, Schwartz has dug thousands of avalanche pits like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/avalanche.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vernal-pool\" width=\"260\" height=\"320\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12179\">\u003cem>An avalanche near Echo Summit in Lake Tahoe.\u003cbr>\nCredit: Travis Feist\u003c/em>\u003c/span>“We can feel the different hardness of all the layers that have formed in the snow that’s fallen over the last two to three days,” says Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz is looking for weak layers of snow, which is where avalanches begin. He pulls out a saw and slices through the snow to isolate a one foot wide column. Then he places his shovel on top. “And we’ll just start to load on top of it first with ten taps just from my wrist, just from lifting my wrist and letting gravity pull my hand down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those taps simulate what a little weight would do to the snowpack, either from more snow falling or from a skier. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz points to where the snowpack has broken away along a straight line. “So we got a pretty significant crack all the way across the column here. Definitely a difference in strength there and that’s what makes up the layers of snow pack and when we have these layers of different characteristics then we start to get some of the ingredients for a slab avalanche.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz and his team travel into the backcountry every day to assess the avalanche danger in the Tahoe region. Of the 36 people who died in avalanches across the United States last winter, almost all of them were in the backcountry. A large storm like this one means today the danger is high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what makes some snow weaker than other snow?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we have snow on the ground, a whole bunch of really interesting things happen. You think of the snow as being rather static, but it’s not at all,” says Jeff Dozier, an environmental scientist at the University of California-Santa Barbara who studies how snow impacts California’s water supply. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozier says to understand what’s happening, you have go all the way down to the level of a snowflake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the snow falls, the snow crystals will start to stick together. As they sit there, the crystals grow rounder and bond together. “And if you shovel snow, you see this. If you shovel snow when it’s new, you can stick the shovel in the snow and you can lift it. You shovel snow when it’s old, it’s hard to break that block of snow loose from its neighbor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a lot of snow falls quickly like it does in the Sierras, this bonding process may not happen fast enough to support the snowpack, which leads to avalanches. The warmer a snowpack is, the faster it bonds. But if it’s colder, sometimes a different kind of crystal grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically the temperature at the base of the snowpack – this is gonna be around zero degrees C. But on a very cold night, the temperature at the surface say might be -20 degrees C,” says Dozier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That difference in temperature can create another shape of crystal – a faceted crystal. “They’re sort of angular. They don’t bond together very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These crystals look like grains of sugar and they create weak layers deep in the snowpack. A better understanding of snow crystals could help avalanche forecasters. Dozier says it could also help water managers trying to anticipate the snowpack melt in the spring, an event that’s critical to the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avalanche forecaster Brandon Schwartz in the field:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"349\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/zdUJ2KI4EQs?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.623317 -122.02352\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Lots of snow means good skiing, but it also means an increased danger of avalanches.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974530,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":971},"headData":{"title":"The Science of Snow | KQED","description":"Lots of snow means good skiing, but it also means an increased danger of avalanches.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Science of Snow","datePublished":"2011-02-25T21:56:25.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:28:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/19193/the-science-of-snow","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-28-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/avalanche300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a harsh winter across the US. Snow has blanketed the Sierra Nevada, where the snowpack is well above normal. Lots of snow means good skiing, but it also means an increased danger of avalanches. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avalanches aren’t something most skiers and snowboarders have to think about. That’s because ski areas take preventative action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the backside of \u003ca href=\"http://www.squaw.com/\">Squaw Valley Ski Resort\u003c/a>, two ski patrollers drop into a black diamond run known as Granite Chief. Below them are mounds of fresh, untouched powder – more than seven feet deep. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patrollers are throwing explosive charges onto the slopes to trigger smaller, less dangerous avalanches. Booms ring out across the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=”QUEST Audio Player” skin=”http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip” file=”http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-28-quest.mp3″ ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-science-of-snow\">The Science of Snow\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“The Sierras are known for getting tons of snow really quick,” says Will Paden, the avalanche forecaster at Squaw Valley Ski Resort. “We’re constantly trying to start the avalanches so that we don’t let the snow pack build up to be too deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paden says on a day like today, they’ll use more than a thousand pounds of explosives to make the ski area safe. But the job isn’t over when the snow stops falling. The snowpack is constantly changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day could be perfect powder and then that afternoon the wind can pick up and put wind crust on top of that perfect powder and make it difficult skiing,” says Paden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avalanche forecasting is even more technical. “We had a lot of riming in this snow and some graupel events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To translate that, you have to go inside the snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a slope outside of Truckee, Brandon Schwartz uses a shovel to cut a cross-section in the snow. As a forecaster with the non-profit \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/\">Sierra Avalanche Center\u003c/a>, Schwartz has dug thousands of avalanche pits like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/avalanche.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vernal-pool\" width=\"260\" height=\"320\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12179\">\u003cem>An avalanche near Echo Summit in Lake Tahoe.\u003cbr>\nCredit: Travis Feist\u003c/em>\u003c/span>“We can feel the different hardness of all the layers that have formed in the snow that’s fallen over the last two to three days,” says Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz is looking for weak layers of snow, which is where avalanches begin. He pulls out a saw and slices through the snow to isolate a one foot wide column. Then he places his shovel on top. “And we’ll just start to load on top of it first with ten taps just from my wrist, just from lifting my wrist and letting gravity pull my hand down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those taps simulate what a little weight would do to the snowpack, either from more snow falling or from a skier. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz points to where the snowpack has broken away along a straight line. “So we got a pretty significant crack all the way across the column here. Definitely a difference in strength there and that’s what makes up the layers of snow pack and when we have these layers of different characteristics then we start to get some of the ingredients for a slab avalanche.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz and his team travel into the backcountry every day to assess the avalanche danger in the Tahoe region. Of the 36 people who died in avalanches across the United States last winter, almost all of them were in the backcountry. A large storm like this one means today the danger is high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what makes some snow weaker than other snow?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we have snow on the ground, a whole bunch of really interesting things happen. You think of the snow as being rather static, but it’s not at all,” says Jeff Dozier, an environmental scientist at the University of California-Santa Barbara who studies how snow impacts California’s water supply. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozier says to understand what’s happening, you have go all the way down to the level of a snowflake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the snow falls, the snow crystals will start to stick together. As they sit there, the crystals grow rounder and bond together. “And if you shovel snow, you see this. If you shovel snow when it’s new, you can stick the shovel in the snow and you can lift it. You shovel snow when it’s old, it’s hard to break that block of snow loose from its neighbor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a lot of snow falls quickly like it does in the Sierras, this bonding process may not happen fast enough to support the snowpack, which leads to avalanches. The warmer a snowpack is, the faster it bonds. But if it’s colder, sometimes a different kind of crystal grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically the temperature at the base of the snowpack – this is gonna be around zero degrees C. But on a very cold night, the temperature at the surface say might be -20 degrees C,” says Dozier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That difference in temperature can create another shape of crystal – a faceted crystal. “They’re sort of angular. They don’t bond together very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These crystals look like grains of sugar and they create weak layers deep in the snowpack. A better understanding of snow crystals could help avalanche forecasters. Dozier says it could also help water managers trying to anticipate the snowpack melt in the spring, an event that’s critical to the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avalanche forecaster Brandon Schwartz in the field:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"349\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/zdUJ2KI4EQs?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.623317 -122.02352\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19193/the-science-of-snow","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_6"],"tags":["quest_1881","quest_13203","quest_3339","quest_2630","quest_2644","quest_2682","quest_3108","quest_3340","quest_19"],"featImg":"quest_12521","label":"quest"},"quest_11381":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11381","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11381","score":null,"sort":[1294333203000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"volcanic-rocks-on-display-at-kirkwood-ski-resort","title":"Skiing Volcano Country","publishDate":1294333203,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/kirkwood11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Kirkwood Mountain Resort.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that time of year when people head up to the Sierra Nevada Mountains for some great skiing and snowboarding. This season is looking to be a good one with a handful of big storms dumping \u003ca href=\"http://www.onthesnow.com/sierra-nevada/skireport.html\">huge amounts of snow\u003c/a> on resorts and in back-country terrain. Although deep snow cover obscures the view of some of the geology, the views from chair lifts and other vistas while skiing is a fantastic opportunity to think about the geologic evolution of these mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite ski area in the Sierra is \u003ca href=\"http://www.kirkwood.com/site/\">Kirkwood Mountain Resort\u003c/a>, which is along State Route 88 approximately three to three and a half hour drive from San Francisco and 20-30 minutes from the town of South Lake Tahoe. In addition to great terrain, Kirkwood has some fantastic geology, some of which you can ski right up to and check out in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocks exposed at the surface on the mountains of Kirkwood are various volcanic rocks ranging from about \u003ca href=\"http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/120/3-4/274\">6 million to 15 million years old\u003c/a> (depending on exactly where you are). The volcanic deposits at Kirkwood are nothing like the smooth lava flows you might see on the Big Island of Hawai'i. They are more similar to the recent volcanic deposits seen on the flanks of and in areas adjacent to the Cascades volcanoes in northern California, Oregon, and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca title=\"glove rock looking good from afar under snow that is far from good by Dean_In_SF, on Flickr\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/deaninsf/58344556/\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/27/58344556_9e83e23eeb.jpg\" alt=\"glove rock looking good from afar under snow that is far from good\" width=\"500\" height=\"341\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the cliffs exposed at Kirkwood during the winter are beautiful volcanic debris flow deposits that have up to boulder-sized chunks of igneous rock within a fine-grained rock. These rocks are interpreted to be the deposits of mixtures of mud, sand, and volcanic rock debris that flowed down the flanks of the now-extinct volcanoes. I forgot the name of the specific trail -- please comment if you know -- but there is a great run where you can take a short break to catch your breath and walk up to some outcrops of these debris flow deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, next time you're sitting on the chair lift waiting to take that next run, look around at these beautiful mountains and picture the ancient volcanic landscape that created the terrain you're skiing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/malparkington/288452552/\">Kirkwood\u003c/a> from Mal Parkington / Flickr; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/deaninsf/58344556/\">Glove Rock\u003c/a> from Dean_In_SF / Flickr\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.69783641265611 -120.04325863905251\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Next time you're sitting on the chair lift waiting to take that next run at Kirkwood, look around at these beautiful mountains and picture the ancient volcanic landscape that created the terrain.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1294333203,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":384},"headData":{"title":"Skiing Volcano Country | KQED","description":"Next time you're sitting on the chair lift waiting to take that next run at Kirkwood, look around at these beautiful mountains and picture the ancient volcanic landscape that created the terrain.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Skiing Volcano Country","datePublished":"2011-01-06T17:00:03.000Z","dateModified":"2011-01-06T17:00:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11381 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11381","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/01/06/volcanic-rocks-on-display-at-kirkwood-ski-resort/","disqusTitle":"Skiing Volcano Country","path":"/quest/11381/volcanic-rocks-on-display-at-kirkwood-ski-resort","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/kirkwood11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Kirkwood Mountain Resort.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's that time of year when people head up to the Sierra Nevada Mountains for some great skiing and snowboarding. This season is looking to be a good one with a handful of big storms dumping \u003ca href=\"http://www.onthesnow.com/sierra-nevada/skireport.html\">huge amounts of snow\u003c/a> on resorts and in back-country terrain. Although deep snow cover obscures the view of some of the geology, the views from chair lifts and other vistas while skiing is a fantastic opportunity to think about the geologic evolution of these mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite ski area in the Sierra is \u003ca href=\"http://www.kirkwood.com/site/\">Kirkwood Mountain Resort\u003c/a>, which is along State Route 88 approximately three to three and a half hour drive from San Francisco and 20-30 minutes from the town of South Lake Tahoe. In addition to great terrain, Kirkwood has some fantastic geology, some of which you can ski right up to and check out in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocks exposed at the surface on the mountains of Kirkwood are various volcanic rocks ranging from about \u003ca href=\"http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/120/3-4/274\">6 million to 15 million years old\u003c/a> (depending on exactly where you are). The volcanic deposits at Kirkwood are nothing like the smooth lava flows you might see on the Big Island of Hawai'i. They are more similar to the recent volcanic deposits seen on the flanks of and in areas adjacent to the Cascades volcanoes in northern California, Oregon, and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca title=\"glove rock looking good from afar under snow that is far from good by Dean_In_SF, on Flickr\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/deaninsf/58344556/\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/27/58344556_9e83e23eeb.jpg\" alt=\"glove rock looking good from afar under snow that is far from good\" width=\"500\" height=\"341\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the cliffs exposed at Kirkwood during the winter are beautiful volcanic debris flow deposits that have up to boulder-sized chunks of igneous rock within a fine-grained rock. These rocks are interpreted to be the deposits of mixtures of mud, sand, and volcanic rock debris that flowed down the flanks of the now-extinct volcanoes. I forgot the name of the specific trail -- please comment if you know -- but there is a great run where you can take a short break to catch your breath and walk up to some outcrops of these debris flow deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, next time you're sitting on the chair lift waiting to take that next run, look around at these beautiful mountains and picture the ancient volcanic landscape that created the terrain you're skiing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/malparkington/288452552/\">Kirkwood\u003c/a> from Mal Parkington / Flickr; (2) \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/deaninsf/58344556/\">Glove Rock\u003c/a> from Dean_In_SF / Flickr\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.69783641265611 -120.04325863905251\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11381/volcanic-rocks-on-display-at-kirkwood-ski-resort","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_13200","quest_1575","quest_1881","quest_2630","quest_2644","quest_2682"],"featImg":"quest_11394","label":"quest"},"quest_11142":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11142","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11142","score":null,"sort":[1292261987000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ski-green","title":"Ski Green","publishDate":1292261987,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/skiing1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Skiing at Tahoe’s Squaw Valley, the resort with the best report card in the country. Photo: Jeff Engerbretson.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planning a ski trip this winter? Environmentally minded skiers might want to take a look at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.skiareacitizens.com/index.php\">Ski Area Report Card\u003c/a> before making travel plans. The recently released Report Card gives every ski area in the country a score, based on the resort’s greenness. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.skiareacitizens.com/index.php?nav=how_we_grade\">grading criteria\u003c/a> encompasses everything from recycling the refuse of mid-mountain lunch lodges to using biodiesel to fuel snowmobiles. \u003ca href=\"http://www.skiareacitizens.com/index.php?nav=browse2&state=California\">California’s ski areas\u003c/a> fared well: Tahoe’s Squaw Valley was ranked the greenest in the nation, and Alpine Meadows wasn’t far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the ski industry’s biggest environmental sins is snowmaking, which often involves taking water out of streams, or adding low quality water to the watershed. Other environmental impacts include carbon emissions from ski lifts and erosion of steep slopes. The worst offense is developing undisturbed land to expand ski area terrain and build new parking lots and hotels. This can wreck habitat for threatened and endangered species. However, there wasn’t much new ski area development over the past year, primarily because of the slow economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Ski Area Citizens’ Coalition (the amalgam of skiers and environmental groups that developed the Report Card), 90% of ski areas in the Western US are on public land administered by the Forest Service. In my opinion, environmentally conscientious ski areas are a good use of public land. I think of skiing as a way to be in nature and enjoy the outdoors—although you could argue that there isn’t much that’s natural about the corduroy-like texture of treeless, groomed slopes. But as I carve through fresh powder, look out over mountain vistas, and watch from the chairlift as voles scurry over the snow, I definitely get that small-speck-in-a-big-beautiful-world feeling. I should disclose that I was a ski bum in Alta, Utah (Ski Area Report Card grade: B) before I blew out both my ACLs and limped off to graduate school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned about your ski-related carbon emissions, I suggest you live like a ski town local: live close to the mountain, and ski the backcountry. No need for carbon-spewing chairlifts when you can get yourself up the mountain on your own power—but watch out for \u003ca href=\"http://travel.nytimes.com/2010/12/12/travel/12explorer-avalanche.html\">avalanches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8793 -122.245\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Planning a ski trip this winter? Environmentally minded skiers might want to take a look at the Ski Area Report Card before making travel plans.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753808,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":418},"headData":{"title":"Ski Green | KQED","description":"Planning a ski trip this winter? Environmentally minded skiers might want to take a look at the Ski Area Report Card before making travel plans.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Ski Green","datePublished":"2010-12-13T17:39:47.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:50:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11142 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11142","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/13/ski-green/","disqusTitle":"Ski Green","path":"/quest/11142/ski-green","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/skiing1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Skiing at Tahoe’s Squaw Valley, the resort with the best report card in the country. Photo: Jeff Engerbretson.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planning a ski trip this winter? Environmentally minded skiers might want to take a look at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.skiareacitizens.com/index.php\">Ski Area Report Card\u003c/a> before making travel plans. The recently released Report Card gives every ski area in the country a score, based on the resort’s greenness. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.skiareacitizens.com/index.php?nav=how_we_grade\">grading criteria\u003c/a> encompasses everything from recycling the refuse of mid-mountain lunch lodges to using biodiesel to fuel snowmobiles. \u003ca href=\"http://www.skiareacitizens.com/index.php?nav=browse2&state=California\">California’s ski areas\u003c/a> fared well: Tahoe’s Squaw Valley was ranked the greenest in the nation, and Alpine Meadows wasn’t far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the ski industry’s biggest environmental sins is snowmaking, which often involves taking water out of streams, or adding low quality water to the watershed. Other environmental impacts include carbon emissions from ski lifts and erosion of steep slopes. The worst offense is developing undisturbed land to expand ski area terrain and build new parking lots and hotels. This can wreck habitat for threatened and endangered species. However, there wasn’t much new ski area development over the past year, primarily because of the slow economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Ski Area Citizens’ Coalition (the amalgam of skiers and environmental groups that developed the Report Card), 90% of ski areas in the Western US are on public land administered by the Forest Service. In my opinion, environmentally conscientious ski areas are a good use of public land. I think of skiing as a way to be in nature and enjoy the outdoors—although you could argue that there isn’t much that’s natural about the corduroy-like texture of treeless, groomed slopes. But as I carve through fresh powder, look out over mountain vistas, and watch from the chairlift as voles scurry over the snow, I definitely get that small-speck-in-a-big-beautiful-world feeling. I should disclose that I was a ski bum in Alta, Utah (Ski Area Report Card grade: B) before I blew out both my ACLs and limped off to graduate school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned about your ski-related carbon emissions, I suggest you live like a ski town local: live close to the mountain, and ski the backcountry. No need for carbon-spewing chairlifts when you can get yourself up the mountain on your own power—but watch out for \u003ca href=\"http://travel.nytimes.com/2010/12/12/travel/12explorer-avalanche.html\">avalanches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8793 -122.245\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11142/ski-green","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_13198","quest_1262","quest_1264","quest_1291","quest_1877","quest_1881","quest_1943","quest_2643","quest_2644"],"featImg":"quest_11143","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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