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Outside of the classroom, Viskontas routinely performs with a number of opera groups, specializing in contemporary opera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viskontas started her music career early on, following the example of her mother, a composer. She realized she was usually the loudest singer in the room, and with some training, she landed her first professional performance at the age of 11. In high school, she discovered that although she loved music, she also had a love for biology and chemistry. After reading books by the renowned neurologist and author Oliver Sacks, Viskontas realized that she also had a calling for cognitive neuroscience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After earning a bachelor's degree in psychology and French literature from the University of Toronto, Viskontas decided to focus on her opera career. She spent a year in France trying to find work as a singer, but her fascination with science persisted. She left France for California, where she received her doctorate in cognitive neuroscience from UCLA, studying memory. Never content to stick to just one thing, she also received her Masters of Music in voice from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viskontas could not and would not choose one career over the other, so she didn’t. Instead, she used her training and knowledge in both science and music to craft her own, unique career trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you would like to learn more about Dr. Indre Viskontas, you can visit her website \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.indreviskontas.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Dr. Indre Viskontas finds compelling connections between opera singing and cognitive neuroscience.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1465701676,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":409},"headData":{"title":"Is It Possible to Be a Scientist and an Artist? | KQED","description":"Dr. Indre Viskontas finds compelling connections between opera singing and cognitive neuroscience.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is It Possible to Be a Scientist and an Artist?","datePublished":"2016-05-27T15:00:01.000Z","dateModified":"2016-06-12T03:21:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"155713 http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/?p=155713","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/05/27/is-it-possible-to-be-a-scientist-and-an-artist/","disqusTitle":"Is It Possible to Be a Scientist and an Artist?","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrZh7QmsR48&feature=youtu.be","path":"/quest/155713/is-it-possible-to-be-a-scientist-and-an-artist","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Have you ever felt torn between two different career interests? Has someone told you that you could be a scientist or an artist, but not both? Perhaps you focus on one over the other because you feel you don’t have enough time to pursue both. Well, it is possible to combine different career paths---but it takes creativity and effort to pull it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indre Viskontas, Ph.D. is an example of someone who followed her dreams---even when those dreams might seem completely different. Check out the video above, produced by KQED intern CaT Bobino, to see Viskontas in action as she combines her equally strong passions for opera and neuroscience.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viskontas earned a doctorate in neuroscience and a Master of Music, and now she works as both a scientist and a soprano opera singer. Currently, you can find her teaching a variety of science courses at the University of San Francisco, as well as courses in music and memory at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music. Outside of the classroom, Viskontas routinely performs with a number of opera groups, specializing in contemporary opera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viskontas started her music career early on, following the example of her mother, a composer. She realized she was usually the loudest singer in the room, and with some training, she landed her first professional performance at the age of 11. In high school, she discovered that although she loved music, she also had a love for biology and chemistry. After reading books by the renowned neurologist and author Oliver Sacks, Viskontas realized that she also had a calling for cognitive neuroscience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After earning a bachelor's degree in psychology and French literature from the University of Toronto, Viskontas decided to focus on her opera career. She spent a year in France trying to find work as a singer, but her fascination with science persisted. She left France for California, where she received her doctorate in cognitive neuroscience from UCLA, studying memory. Never content to stick to just one thing, she also received her Masters of Music in voice from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viskontas could not and would not choose one career over the other, so she didn’t. Instead, she used her training and knowledge in both science and music to craft her own, unique career trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you would like to learn more about Dr. Indre Viskontas, you can visit her website \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.indreviskontas.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/155713/is-it-possible-to-be-a-scientist-and-an-artist","authors":["10626"],"categories":["quest_7","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_13130","quest_13471","quest_12269","quest_1788","quest_1898","quest_9816","quest_13472","quest_12220"],"featImg":"quest_155714","label":"quest"},"quest_17514":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17514","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17514","score":null,"sort":[1415804432000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"catching-up-on-sleep-science","title":"Catching Up on Sleep Science","publishDate":1415804432,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This video story was originally produced by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/sheraz-sadiq/\">Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/a> and was updated by\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/lisalanders/\"> Lisa Landers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/acurry/\">Arwen Curry.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be honest – do you ever brag about how little sleep you get? If so, you’re not alone. Humans are the only species that seems to deliberately deprive themselves of sleep. But if you’ve ever uttered a phrase like “I’ll sleep when I’m dead,” it’s time for a wake-up call, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72675\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/803_SLEEP_polar_bear.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-72675\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/803_SLEEP_polar_bear-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Sleep is common to all species that have been studied to date.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sleep is common to all species that have been studied to date.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers have long known that adequate sleep is critical for good health. Insufficient sleep \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/expert-answers/lack-of-sleep/faq-20057757\">impairs the immune system\u003c/a>, and is associated with everything from \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/sleep/\">obesity\u003c/a> to cardiovascular disease, stroke to cancer, depression to schizophrenia and \u003ca href=\"http://news.temple.edu/news/2014-03-18/chronic-sleep-disturbance-might-trigger-onset-alzheimer%E2%80%99s\">Alzheimer’s disease\u003c/a>. Now scientists are several steps closer to knowing how sleep keeps us healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An important clue about sleep’s function surfaced in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n2/full/nn.3303.html\">a 2013 study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/index.html\">Nature Neuroscience\u003c/a> \u003c/em>and conducted at the University of California-Berkeley. The study, by neuroscience professor Matthew Walker and his colleagues, showed that the structural changes the brain experiences as we age damage the quality of deep sleep. This hinders the brain’s ongoing ability to store memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72671\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 264px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Matthew_Walker_AC_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72671 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Matthew_Walker_AC_800-264x169.jpg\" alt=\"Professor Matthew Walker runs the Sleep and Neuroimaging Lab at the University of California-Berkeley Photo by Arwen Curry.\" width=\"264\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor Matthew Walker runs the Sleep and Neuroimaging Lab at the University of California-Berkeley.\u003cbr> Photo by Arwen Curry.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists were already aware of a connection between sleep and memory – now they are developing a working hypothesis about how the mechanism actually works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as though your learning system is like a USB stick,” Walker said. “During the day you’re acquiring lots of information rapidly.” This information is lodged in an area of the brain called the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when we sleep, this data is exported to “the hard drive of our brain,” a larger storage space called the cortex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we wake up the next day, our USB stick has now been cleared out, so we can start to learn new information anew,” Walker said. “We’ve refreshed our learning capacity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea that we need less sleep as we age is a fallacy, he added. It now appears that the brain is physically unable to achieve the amount of slow-wave, non-rapid-eye-movement sleep needed to consolidate memories as we grow older. By the time we’re 50 years old, non-REM sleep has reduced by half compared to when we were 18 years old. By the time we’re 70, deep sleep is down to about 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72668\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/402a_sleep_640-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72668 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/402a_sleep_640-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists use electric pulses to copy the rhythm of slow-wave sleep, which declines as we age.\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists use electrical pulses to copy the rhythm of slow-wave sleep, which declines as we age.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This research suggests that improving slow-wave sleep, which takes up about a quarter of the night, could slow the decline of memory as we age. Scientists are investigating \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016643289390140L\">ways to use electrical stimulation to improve deep sleep in older people\u003c/a> by attaching electrodes to the scalp to create a mild current that mimics the pattern of slow-wave sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of sleep has traditionally been abstract, but advances in imaging technology now allow scientists to peek inside the sleeping brain. In \u003ca href=\"http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/index.cfm?id=3956\">a groundbreaking 2013 study\u003c/a>, researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center injected dyes into the brains of sleeping mice, and watched in real-time as the neurons in their brains shrank dramatically by about 60 percent. This increased the spaces between the brain cells, allowing cerebrospinal fluid to easily flow through and cleanse the brain of naturally occurring toxic waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72672\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Rochester_Brain_Flushing_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72672 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Rochester_Brain_Flushing_800-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"This photograph shows cerebrospinal fluid (in blue) rinsing toxins from the brain of a sleeping mouse.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photograph shows cerebrospinal fluid (in blue) rinsing toxins from the brain of a sleeping mouse. Photo courtesy of the University of Rochester Medical Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as though you’re sort of walking past one of those delightful posh hotels and during the day there’s lots of dirt that happens on the sidewalk,” said Walker. “And then at night, someone comes out with one of those pressure-jet washers and cleans it all out, so that it’s fresh and functional the next day. That’s exactly what we think is now happening during sleep at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of particular note is that chronic sleep deprivation contributes to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24887018\">the buildup of a toxic protein called beta-amyloid\u003c/a>, which is a predictor of Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker’s research also suggests strong connections between sleep and creativity and emotional regulation. But with all we’ve learned about sleep, there remains much more to be discovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think about it,” said Walker, “we’ve understood the other three main biological drives – eating, drinking and reproducing – for many tens, if not hundreds, of years. But the fourth main biological drive, common across all species that we’ve studied, which is to sleep, remains that quintessential mystery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing is clear: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/166553/less-recommended-amount-sleep.aspx\">People are sleeping demonstrably less than they did 70 years ago\u003c/a>. An estimated 70 million Americans suffer from some form of chronic sleep disorder, and 40 percent get less than the recommended amount of sleep – seven and a half to eight hours a night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contributing factors include multi-tasking, the invasion of technology in the bedroom and long commute times, which rob us of precious free hours, Walker said. But the biggest culprit may be our own attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think where we’re at in modern-day society is a problematic relationship with sleep,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that sleep is fundamentally important at the most basic of biological levels,” he said. “But something strange has happened – sleep has received a stigma. There’s some kind of intonation which suggests that getting sufficient sleep is equivalent to being lazy. We wear this badge of sleep deprivation like some kind of honor emblem on our arm, and that’s profoundly misguided.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTIDkj9Tn58\">Watch the full episode of QUEST.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408261000\">Forum with Michael Krasny: sleep expert Matthew Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/08/27/sleep-apps-myths-and-more-strategies-for-a-good-nights-rest/\">Sleep Apps, Myths and More: Strategies for a Good Night’s Rest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201311270930\">Forum with Dave Iverson: sleep therapy as a treatment for depression\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Sleep: It’s more important than you might think. Watch the video to see how sleep imprints memories, regulates emotions, and cleanses the brain of toxins. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442634965,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1052},"headData":{"title":"Catching Up on Sleep Science | KQED","description":"Sleep: It’s more important than you might think. Watch the video to see how sleep imprints memories, regulates emotions, and cleanses the brain of toxins. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Catching Up on Sleep Science","datePublished":"2014-11-12T15:00:32.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T03:56:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17514 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/catching-up-on-sleep-science/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/11/12/catching-up-on-sleep-science/","disqusTitle":"Catching Up on Sleep Science","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HW1HxGJAjqY","source":"Health","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","path":"/quest/17514/catching-up-on-sleep-science","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This video story was originally produced by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/sheraz-sadiq/\">Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/a> and was updated by\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/lisalanders/\"> Lisa Landers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/acurry/\">Arwen Curry.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be honest – do you ever brag about how little sleep you get? If so, you’re not alone. Humans are the only species that seems to deliberately deprive themselves of sleep. But if you’ve ever uttered a phrase like “I’ll sleep when I’m dead,” it’s time for a wake-up call, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72675\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/803_SLEEP_polar_bear.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-72675\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/803_SLEEP_polar_bear-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Sleep is common to all species that have been studied to date.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sleep is common to all species that have been studied to date.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers have long known that adequate sleep is critical for good health. Insufficient sleep \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/expert-answers/lack-of-sleep/faq-20057757\">impairs the immune system\u003c/a>, and is associated with everything from \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/sleep/\">obesity\u003c/a> to cardiovascular disease, stroke to cancer, depression to schizophrenia and \u003ca href=\"http://news.temple.edu/news/2014-03-18/chronic-sleep-disturbance-might-trigger-onset-alzheimer%E2%80%99s\">Alzheimer’s disease\u003c/a>. Now scientists are several steps closer to knowing how sleep keeps us healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An important clue about sleep’s function surfaced in \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n2/full/nn.3303.html\">a 2013 study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/neuro/index.html\">Nature Neuroscience\u003c/a> \u003c/em>and conducted at the University of California-Berkeley. The study, by neuroscience professor Matthew Walker and his colleagues, showed that the structural changes the brain experiences as we age damage the quality of deep sleep. This hinders the brain’s ongoing ability to store memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72671\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 264px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Matthew_Walker_AC_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72671 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Matthew_Walker_AC_800-264x169.jpg\" alt=\"Professor Matthew Walker runs the Sleep and Neuroimaging Lab at the University of California-Berkeley Photo by Arwen Curry.\" width=\"264\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor Matthew Walker runs the Sleep and Neuroimaging Lab at the University of California-Berkeley.\u003cbr> Photo by Arwen Curry.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists were already aware of a connection between sleep and memory – now they are developing a working hypothesis about how the mechanism actually works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as though your learning system is like a USB stick,” Walker said. “During the day you’re acquiring lots of information rapidly.” This information is lodged in an area of the brain called the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when we sleep, this data is exported to “the hard drive of our brain,” a larger storage space called the cortex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we wake up the next day, our USB stick has now been cleared out, so we can start to learn new information anew,” Walker said. “We’ve refreshed our learning capacity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea that we need less sleep as we age is a fallacy, he added. It now appears that the brain is physically unable to achieve the amount of slow-wave, non-rapid-eye-movement sleep needed to consolidate memories as we grow older. By the time we’re 50 years old, non-REM sleep has reduced by half compared to when we were 18 years old. By the time we’re 70, deep sleep is down to about 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72668\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/402a_sleep_640-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72668 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/402a_sleep_640-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"Scientists use electric pulses to copy the rhythm of slow-wave sleep, which declines as we age.\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists use electrical pulses to copy the rhythm of slow-wave sleep, which declines as we age.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This research suggests that improving slow-wave sleep, which takes up about a quarter of the night, could slow the decline of memory as we age. Scientists are investigating \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016643289390140L\">ways to use electrical stimulation to improve deep sleep in older people\u003c/a> by attaching electrodes to the scalp to create a mild current that mimics the pattern of slow-wave sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of sleep has traditionally been abstract, but advances in imaging technology now allow scientists to peek inside the sleeping brain. In \u003ca href=\"http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/index.cfm?id=3956\">a groundbreaking 2013 study\u003c/a>, researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center injected dyes into the brains of sleeping mice, and watched in real-time as the neurons in their brains shrank dramatically by about 60 percent. This increased the spaces between the brain cells, allowing cerebrospinal fluid to easily flow through and cleanse the brain of naturally occurring toxic waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72672\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Rochester_Brain_Flushing_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-72672 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/10/Rochester_Brain_Flushing_800-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"This photograph shows cerebrospinal fluid (in blue) rinsing toxins from the brain of a sleeping mouse.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photograph shows cerebrospinal fluid (in blue) rinsing toxins from the brain of a sleeping mouse. Photo courtesy of the University of Rochester Medical Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as though you’re sort of walking past one of those delightful posh hotels and during the day there’s lots of dirt that happens on the sidewalk,” said Walker. “And then at night, someone comes out with one of those pressure-jet washers and cleans it all out, so that it’s fresh and functional the next day. That’s exactly what we think is now happening during sleep at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of particular note is that chronic sleep deprivation contributes to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24887018\">the buildup of a toxic protein called beta-amyloid\u003c/a>, which is a predictor of Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker’s research also suggests strong connections between sleep and creativity and emotional regulation. But with all we’ve learned about sleep, there remains much more to be discovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think about it,” said Walker, “we’ve understood the other three main biological drives – eating, drinking and reproducing – for many tens, if not hundreds, of years. But the fourth main biological drive, common across all species that we’ve studied, which is to sleep, remains that quintessential mystery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing is clear: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/166553/less-recommended-amount-sleep.aspx\">People are sleeping demonstrably less than they did 70 years ago\u003c/a>. An estimated 70 million Americans suffer from some form of chronic sleep disorder, and 40 percent get less than the recommended amount of sleep – seven and a half to eight hours a night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contributing factors include multi-tasking, the invasion of technology in the bedroom and long commute times, which rob us of precious free hours, Walker said. But the biggest culprit may be our own attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think where we’re at in modern-day society is a problematic relationship with sleep,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that sleep is fundamentally important at the most basic of biological levels,” he said. “But something strange has happened – sleep has received a stigma. There’s some kind of intonation which suggests that getting sufficient sleep is equivalent to being lazy. We wear this badge of sleep deprivation like some kind of honor emblem on our arm, and that’s profoundly misguided.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTIDkj9Tn58\">Watch the full episode of QUEST.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408261000\">Forum with Michael Krasny: sleep expert Matthew Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/08/27/sleep-apps-myths-and-more-strategies-for-a-good-nights-rest/\">Sleep Apps, Myths and More: Strategies for a Good Night’s Rest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201311270930\">Forum with Dave Iverson: sleep therapy as a treatment for depression\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17514/catching-up-on-sleep-science","authors":["6444"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_83","quest_135","quest_13038","quest_13048","quest_13044","quest_423","quest_13042","quest_13045","quest_13047","quest_13052","quest_13050","quest_13040","quest_13046","quest_12269","quest_13201","quest_13035","quest_1451","quest_11723","quest_10537","quest_1788","quest_13039","quest_13036","quest_1916","quest_13041","quest_9816","quest_13037","quest_2031","quest_13","quest_10538","quest_2655","quest_13034","quest_13051","quest_2893","quest_3021","quest_12094","quest_13043","quest_3071","quest_13049"],"featImg":"quest_72659","label":"source_quest_17514"},"quest_20243":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20243","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20243","score":null,"sort":[1310749233000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"meditation-may-enhance-the-strength-of-neural-networks","title":"Meditation May Enhance the Strength of Neural Networks","publishDate":1310749233,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20257\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/r_x/4327382898/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/meditation1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meditation\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meditation is associated with stronger connections between brain regions. Photo courtesy of R_x - renee barron.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meditation is the practice of focusing your mind on a single thought or idea for an extended period of time in order to achieve some benefit. The goals of meditation can vary and include increased focus, increased awareness or “presence,” better memory, decreased stress and achieving a state of enlightenment. Physiological advantages have also been reported, such as decreased blood pressure and pain reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though meditation has been practiced all over the world for thousands of years, the mechanism by which it works is still largely unknown. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/25936\">recent study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>NeuroImage\u003c/em> suggests that mediation may work by strengthening the connections between brain regions, thereby building more robust neural networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study compared age and gender matched meditators with non-meditators. Researchers used a method called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that detects the size and direction of white matter tracts in the brain. White matter is made up of long neuronal processes called axons that transmit information from one area of the brain to another. DTI is used to measure the integrity of white matter tracts and is thought to indicate the strength of neural connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meditators had stronger DTI measures than non-meditators, particularly in the corticospinal tract (axons from the brain to the rest of the body), the superior longitudinal fasciculus (connections between executive brain areas and sensory regions) and the uncinate fasciculus (connects executive brain areas to emotion and memory regions). Meditators also seemed to have less age-related degeneration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this was not a randomized controlled trial and cannot determine if mediation was the cause of the structural changes, this study opens a new area of research for exploring the role of meditation and brain training in strengthening and preserving the neural connections necessary for memory and other important cognitive tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Meditation is associated with stronger connections between brain regions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1311276870,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":317},"headData":{"title":"Meditation May Enhance the Strength of Neural Networks","description":"Meditation is associated with stronger connections between brain regions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Meditation May Enhance the Strength of Neural Networks","datePublished":"2011-07-15T17:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2011-07-21T19:34:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"20243 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=20243","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/meditation-may-enhance-the-strength-of-neural-networks/","disqusTitle":"Meditation May Enhance the Strength of Neural Networks","path":"/quest/20243/meditation-may-enhance-the-strength-of-neural-networks","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20257\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/r_x/4327382898/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/meditation1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"meditation\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meditation is associated with stronger connections between brain regions. Photo courtesy of R_x - renee barron.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meditation is the practice of focusing your mind on a single thought or idea for an extended period of time in order to achieve some benefit. The goals of meditation can vary and include increased focus, increased awareness or “presence,” better memory, decreased stress and achieving a state of enlightenment. Physiological advantages have also been reported, such as decreased blood pressure and pain reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though meditation has been practiced all over the world for thousands of years, the mechanism by which it works is still largely unknown. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/25936\">recent study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>NeuroImage\u003c/em> suggests that mediation may work by strengthening the connections between brain regions, thereby building more robust neural networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study compared age and gender matched meditators with non-meditators. Researchers used a method called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that detects the size and direction of white matter tracts in the brain. White matter is made up of long neuronal processes called axons that transmit information from one area of the brain to another. DTI is used to measure the integrity of white matter tracts and is thought to indicate the strength of neural connections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meditators had stronger DTI measures than non-meditators, particularly in the corticospinal tract (axons from the brain to the rest of the body), the superior longitudinal fasciculus (connections between executive brain areas and sensory regions) and the uncinate fasciculus (connects executive brain areas to emotion and memory regions). Meditators also seemed to have less age-related degeneration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though this was not a randomized controlled trial and cannot determine if mediation was the cause of the structural changes, this study opens a new area of research for exploring the role of meditation and brain training in strengthening and preserving the neural connections necessary for memory and other important cognitive tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/20243/meditation-may-enhance-the-strength-of-neural-networks","authors":["10218"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_83","quest_377","quest_9817","quest_1784","quest_1788","quest_9816","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_20257","label":"quest"},"quest_11397":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11397","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11397","score":null,"sort":[1294246833000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"racetrack-memory-on-the-move","title":"Racetrack Memory On the Move","publishDate":1294246833,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/gocart1.jpg\">\u003cem>Caption: A new design for comuter memory would send information shooting along wires like cars along a racetrack. Image source: \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indoor_american_go-cart_race_track.jpg\">Jina Lee\u003c/a>, Wikimedia Commons.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word racetrack has quite a history in American culture. It conjures up images of horse racing, with beautiful animals, colorful spectators, cheap hot dogs, and expensive gambling. Perhaps more prominently, it brings automobiles to mind. The Ford \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T\">Model-T\u003c/a> made cars affordable, and Prohibition \u003ca href=\"http://www.library.appstate.edu/stockcar/history.html\">catalyzed the development of brawny speedsters that could outmuscle the police cruisers\u003c/a>, but it was the automobile’s marriage to the racetrack that finally transformed stock car racing into the booming phenomenon that it is today. \u003ca href=\"http://www.engadget.com/2010/12/27/ibm-makes-racetrack-memory-breakthrough-which-could-come-in-han/\">Now a team of researchers at IBM lead by Stuart Parkin\u003c/a> would like us to start associating the word with computer memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racetrack_memory\">Racetrack Memory\u003c/a>, as the research team has coined it, is a new idea that could compete with some of the most popular memory devices in use today. In an article published in the December 24th issue of the journal Science, Parkin and collaborators have measured some key features of magnetism that bring the idea one step closer to viability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Devices today almost all store their memory using either \u003ca href=\"http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/flash-memory.htm\">FLASH\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.research.ibm.com/research/gmr/basics.html\">magnetic hard drives\u003c/a>. Both technologies have undergone dizzying improvements recently in storage capacity, cost, and reading and writing speed. Still, they have a few inherent drawbacks. Traditional magnetic hard drives are inexpensive and have an enormous storage capacity. However, they require moving parts, which costs a device energy and consequently battery life. FLASH memory has no moving parts, but it takes a relatively long time to write information, and FLASH continues to be more expensive than magnetic hard drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racetrack Memory is proposed to be a third alternative. Information would be stored magnetically in a similar manner to a magnetic hard drive. However, instead of storing the information in stationary bits on a disk, it would be stored in thin nanowires, and if the proper signals are applied, the information could be zipped through the wires from one place to another — like a car shooting down a racetrack — with no need for moving parts. IBM has big ambitions for the new memory architecture, claiming that it would enable a single portable device to hold more than 2,000 movies while running on a battery that would last for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particularly exciting is the fact that the basics of Racetrack Memory are becoming rapidly understood. “In the past ~5 years we have demonstrated that the physics underlying the Racetrack Memory that I proposed in 2004 or so works!” Dr. Parkin said. “Thus, there are no fundamental roadblocks to making Racetrack Memory a reality.” This is a contrast with some of the more exotic ideas out there for computer memory (see my last \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/29/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy/\">blog post on multiferroics\u003c/a>, for example).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why can’t I seem to find a media player that doesn’t conk out after half a day’s use yet? Parkin said that while the physics of Racetrack Memory architecture works, many engineering hurdles still need to be overcome. He was unwilling to put a definite time estimate on when devices might begin to show up in the marketplace. “Of course,” he joked, “if you write a large check, we can build you a prototype Racetrack Memory in just two to three years (depending on the size of the check!).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Racetrack Memory is a new idea that could compete with some of the most popular memory devices in use today.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1294246833,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":579},"headData":{"title":"Racetrack Memory On the Move | KQED","description":"Racetrack Memory is a new idea that could compete with some of the most popular memory devices in use today.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Racetrack Memory On the Move","datePublished":"2011-01-05T17:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2011-01-05T17:00:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11397 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/01/05/racetrack-memory-on-the-move/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/01/05/racetrack-memory-on-the-move/","disqusTitle":"Racetrack Memory On the Move","path":"/quest/11397/racetrack-memory-on-the-move","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/gocart1.jpg\">\u003cem>Caption: A new design for comuter memory would send information shooting along wires like cars along a racetrack. Image source: \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indoor_american_go-cart_race_track.jpg\">Jina Lee\u003c/a>, Wikimedia Commons.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word racetrack has quite a history in American culture. It conjures up images of horse racing, with beautiful animals, colorful spectators, cheap hot dogs, and expensive gambling. Perhaps more prominently, it brings automobiles to mind. The Ford \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T\">Model-T\u003c/a> made cars affordable, and Prohibition \u003ca href=\"http://www.library.appstate.edu/stockcar/history.html\">catalyzed the development of brawny speedsters that could outmuscle the police cruisers\u003c/a>, but it was the automobile’s marriage to the racetrack that finally transformed stock car racing into the booming phenomenon that it is today. \u003ca href=\"http://www.engadget.com/2010/12/27/ibm-makes-racetrack-memory-breakthrough-which-could-come-in-han/\">Now a team of researchers at IBM lead by Stuart Parkin\u003c/a> would like us to start associating the word with computer memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racetrack_memory\">Racetrack Memory\u003c/a>, as the research team has coined it, is a new idea that could compete with some of the most popular memory devices in use today. In an article published in the December 24th issue of the journal Science, Parkin and collaborators have measured some key features of magnetism that bring the idea one step closer to viability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Devices today almost all store their memory using either \u003ca href=\"http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/flash-memory.htm\">FLASH\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.research.ibm.com/research/gmr/basics.html\">magnetic hard drives\u003c/a>. Both technologies have undergone dizzying improvements recently in storage capacity, cost, and reading and writing speed. Still, they have a few inherent drawbacks. Traditional magnetic hard drives are inexpensive and have an enormous storage capacity. However, they require moving parts, which costs a device energy and consequently battery life. FLASH memory has no moving parts, but it takes a relatively long time to write information, and FLASH continues to be more expensive than magnetic hard drives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racetrack Memory is proposed to be a third alternative. Information would be stored magnetically in a similar manner to a magnetic hard drive. However, instead of storing the information in stationary bits on a disk, it would be stored in thin nanowires, and if the proper signals are applied, the information could be zipped through the wires from one place to another — like a car shooting down a racetrack — with no need for moving parts. IBM has big ambitions for the new memory architecture, claiming that it would enable a single portable device to hold more than 2,000 movies while running on a battery that would last for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particularly exciting is the fact that the basics of Racetrack Memory are becoming rapidly understood. “In the past ~5 years we have demonstrated that the physics underlying the Racetrack Memory that I proposed in 2004 or so works!” Dr. Parkin said. “Thus, there are no fundamental roadblocks to making Racetrack Memory a reality.” This is a contrast with some of the more exotic ideas out there for computer memory (see my last \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/29/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy/\">blog post on multiferroics\u003c/a>, for example).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why can’t I seem to find a media player that doesn’t conk out after half a day’s use yet? Parkin said that while the physics of Racetrack Memory architecture works, many engineering hurdles still need to be overcome. He was unwilling to put a definite time estimate on when devices might begin to show up in the marketplace. “Of course,” he joked, “if you write a large check, we can build you a prototype Racetrack Memory in just two to three years (depending on the size of the check!).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11397/racetrack-memory-on-the-move","authors":["10205"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_678","quest_1106","quest_1436","quest_1788","quest_2358"],"featImg":"quest_11401","label":"quest"},"quest_6859":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_6859","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"6859","score":null,"sort":[1280422854000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy","title":"Computer Memory Poised to Get Shock Therapy?","publishDate":1280422854,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/nano300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A hard drive surface as viewed using an electron microscope. Memory is stored magnetically in the pattern of dark and light patches.\u003ca rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NanoScanHrMFMWD3200BEVT.JPG\">Image from Wikimedia Commons. \u003c/a> / \u003ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en%20/\"> CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel once wrote, “You have to begin to lose your memory, if only in bits and pieces, to realize that memory is what makes our lives. Life without memory is no life at all.” The same might be said (albeit with less existential fanfare) of memory in the world of computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the form of bigger hard drives, computer memory has revolutionized our ability to store everything from research articles, to Hollywood films, to cookbooks. Historically these devices have been enabled through the clever manipulation of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/magnetismintro.htm\">magnetism\u003c/a>. However, recent advances at UC Berkeley and elsewhere in the development of exciting materials known as multiferroics may be changing that recipe for success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inside of a modern hard drive works by almost exactly the same principles that kitchen magnets exploit when holding a wedding invitation to your fridge. A material with such magnetic (or more technically, \u003cstrong>ferromagnetic\u003c/strong>) properties such as a kitchen magnet is extremely useful because of its directionality. If you place two magnets together head-to-tail they attract, whereas if you flip the top magnet and repeat the process they push each other apart. A computer essentially writes and reads information by flipping little magnetic patches up or down and measuring what happens to another magnet placed on top of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a major difference, however, between the individual size of a magnet on your hard drive and a kitchen magnet. Each computerized bit on a hard drive may be 10 billion times smaller than the size of your thumbnail in area (see the figure above). It is precisely the smallness of these details that enable a computer to remember so much information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, however, scientists have been playing around with more exotic forms of data storage. It turns out that some very specialized materials are not only like to be magnetically ordered, but are also naturally \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/electriccharge.htm\">charged\u003c/a>. That is to say, one side of the material likes to accumulate more \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron\">electrons\u003c/a> than the other side. Charging is a common enough effect in nature. When you rub a balloon against your hair you pull electrons from your hair onto the balloon. The subsequent tingling effect is a direct result of this charging. Thunderclouds exhibit charging when they accumulate massive amounts of electrons at their bases. When the energy is finally released it can result in spectacular shows of \u003ca href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/lightning-interactive/\">lightning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When charging occurs naturally in a material, scientists say that the material is \u003cstrong>ferroelectric\u003c/strong>. A material that is both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic (or in cases, a variation called antiferromagnetic) is said to be \u003cstrong>multiferroic\u003c/strong>. If properly exploited, these extra properties may be quite useful in technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An experiment published last Sunday in the \u003cem>Nature Materials \u003c/em>by researchers at UC Berkeley showed that electric voltages applied to the multiferroic bismuth ferrite could be used to directly manipulate a nearby material’s magnetic properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Wu, the paper’s lead author, explained that this could be an incredible step forward for technology. While people have been able to control magnetism using electricity before, never have they been able to do it in a way that requires no power, and never before have they been able to switch the direction of this magnetism so quickly. Such a development both saves energy and battery life, but also reduces the amount of heat within a system, thereby making it scalable. “You can make a lot of it, it’s static, and you can do it really fast,” said Wu, elaborating that if you could get such a system to work at room temperature, this magic combination of features could revolutionize the computing industry. In some of the most imaginative visions of the future, computers may not even be based on semiconductors or silicon at all, but rather on these new multiferroics and related compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley may need to consider a name change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8778 -122.243\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In recent years, scientists have been playing around with more exotic forms of data storage. It turns out that some very specialized materials are not only like to be magnetically ordered, but are also naturally charged.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1316925439,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":693},"headData":{"title":"Computer Memory Poised to Get Shock Therapy? | KQED","description":"In recent years, scientists have been playing around with more exotic forms of data storage. It turns out that some very specialized materials are not only like to be magnetically ordered, but are also naturally charged.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Computer Memory Poised to Get Shock Therapy?","datePublished":"2010-07-29T17:00:54.000Z","dateModified":"2011-09-25T04:37:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"6859 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/07/29/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/29/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy/","disqusTitle":"Computer Memory Poised to Get Shock Therapy?","path":"/quest/6859/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/nano300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A hard drive surface as viewed using an electron microscope. Memory is stored magnetically in the pattern of dark and light patches.\u003ca rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NanoScanHrMFMWD3200BEVT.JPG\">Image from Wikimedia Commons. \u003c/a> / \u003ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en%20/\"> CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel once wrote, “You have to begin to lose your memory, if only in bits and pieces, to realize that memory is what makes our lives. Life without memory is no life at all.” The same might be said (albeit with less existential fanfare) of memory in the world of computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the form of bigger hard drives, computer memory has revolutionized our ability to store everything from research articles, to Hollywood films, to cookbooks. Historically these devices have been enabled through the clever manipulation of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/magnetismintro.htm\">magnetism\u003c/a>. However, recent advances at UC Berkeley and elsewhere in the development of exciting materials known as multiferroics may be changing that recipe for success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inside of a modern hard drive works by almost exactly the same principles that kitchen magnets exploit when holding a wedding invitation to your fridge. A material with such magnetic (or more technically, \u003cstrong>ferromagnetic\u003c/strong>) properties such as a kitchen magnet is extremely useful because of its directionality. If you place two magnets together head-to-tail they attract, whereas if you flip the top magnet and repeat the process they push each other apart. A computer essentially writes and reads information by flipping little magnetic patches up or down and measuring what happens to another magnet placed on top of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a major difference, however, between the individual size of a magnet on your hard drive and a kitchen magnet. Each computerized bit on a hard drive may be 10 billion times smaller than the size of your thumbnail in area (see the figure above). It is precisely the smallness of these details that enable a computer to remember so much information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, however, scientists have been playing around with more exotic forms of data storage. It turns out that some very specialized materials are not only like to be magnetically ordered, but are also naturally \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/electriccharge.htm\">charged\u003c/a>. That is to say, one side of the material likes to accumulate more \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron\">electrons\u003c/a> than the other side. Charging is a common enough effect in nature. When you rub a balloon against your hair you pull electrons from your hair onto the balloon. The subsequent tingling effect is a direct result of this charging. Thunderclouds exhibit charging when they accumulate massive amounts of electrons at their bases. When the energy is finally released it can result in spectacular shows of \u003ca href=\"http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/lightning-interactive/\">lightning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When charging occurs naturally in a material, scientists say that the material is \u003cstrong>ferroelectric\u003c/strong>. A material that is both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic (or in cases, a variation called antiferromagnetic) is said to be \u003cstrong>multiferroic\u003c/strong>. If properly exploited, these extra properties may be quite useful in technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An experiment published last Sunday in the \u003cem>Nature Materials \u003c/em>by researchers at UC Berkeley showed that electric voltages applied to the multiferroic bismuth ferrite could be used to directly manipulate a nearby material’s magnetic properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Wu, the paper’s lead author, explained that this could be an incredible step forward for technology. While people have been able to control magnetism using electricity before, never have they been able to do it in a way that requires no power, and never before have they been able to switch the direction of this magnetism so quickly. Such a development both saves energy and battery life, but also reduces the amount of heat within a system, thereby making it scalable. “You can make a lot of it, it’s static, and you can do it really fast,” said Wu, elaborating that if you could get such a system to work at room temperature, this magic combination of features could revolutionize the computing industry. In some of the most imaginative visions of the future, computers may not even be based on semiconductors or silicon at all, but rather on these new multiferroics and related compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley may need to consider a name change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8778 -122.243\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/6859/computer-memory-poised-to-get-shock-therapy","authors":["10205"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_676","quest_954","quest_959","quest_13199","quest_1086","quest_1087","quest_1313","quest_1712","quest_1716","quest_1788","quest_1892"],"label":"quest"},"quest_821":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_821","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"821","score":null,"sort":[1221265291000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-beyond-alzheimers","title":"Reporter's Notes: Beyond Alzheimer's","publishDate":1221265291,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Reporter’s Notes: Beyond Alzheimer’s | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/radio2-47_beyondalzheimers3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second of two stories born out of an afternoon at \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF’s Memory and Aging Center\u003c/a>, where a team of scientists, led by Dr. Bruce Miller, is trying to tease out the differences between as many as 200 dementias that affect aging brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two stories have a lot in common: Both introduce us to people who have lived with extremely difficult degenerative diseases: ALS in “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/decoding-the-emotional-brain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Decoding the Emotional Brain\u003c/a>,” and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/beyond-alzheimers\">frontotemporal dementia in this week’s story\u003c/a>. Both open up provocative questions about human nature. And neither would have happened without the generosity of a Northern California family – in this case, Cassandra Shafer, who drove down from Forestville with her daughter, Columbia, to tell me about Cassandra’s husband and Columbia’s father, Keith Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these video clips, you meet Keith Jordan in the second half of his disease, after doctors at UC Davis and UCSF diagnosed him with \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/frontotemporal-dementia/DS00874\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">frontotemporal dementia\u003c/a>. The videos were taken at UCSF over the course of many hours doctors spent studying Keith and his symptoms. In them, we glimpse of two of Keith’s FTD-caused obsessions: joke telling and music. (We also see one of the first symptoms to have emerged: his Jerry Garcia hairdo.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, Keith’s behavior might strike you as more eccentric than brain-damaged, which is precisely why FTD can take so long to diagnose. If you’re a doctor with a 15-minute appointment slot, frontotemporal dementia might just look like a midlife crisis. What we don’t see in the video clips are the five heartbreaking years that Cassandra spent trying to figure out what was happening to her husband – a search that included marriage and career counseling, the full gamut of conventional western specialists, yoga, meditation, chelation therapy, replacing every household cleaning product, every pot and pan, all the way to shamanic soul retrieval and exorcism – all while his behavior grew more erratic and difficult to be around. It’s impossible to overstate the drain – both emotional and financial — that this search brought on Keith’s family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith died in May and Cassandra is still, she says, “inching her way” out of the “foreign land” that FTD plunged her into. As unlikely as it sounds, I think she takes some comfort in the fact that Keith’s illness also gave doctors a chance to explore profound questions about human nature and the extent to which the structure of our brains determines who we are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FTD can turn Democrats into Republicans, and vice versa. People with no interest in art begin to paint obsessively. As the neurons in Keith’s right frontotemporal lobe (just behind the right eyebrow) died, his taste in music, his sense of humor, his relationships with his family members and friends changed completely. Our self, in other words, may owe much more to the way our brains are built than we’d care to acknowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what to make of the fact that this same part of the brain that shapes personality is also responsible for reading other people’s reactions? People with some forms of FTD can’t empathize with others (hear more about this in our slide show about FTD and art) or read the emotion on another person’s face. Not only do they experience radical personality changes, but they lose the ability to sense others’ reactions to them. In other words, how we define ourselves – whether we consider ourselves funny, smart, ambitious — seems to have everything to do with how others define us. We are all, in other words, people people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which begs the question: What about people raised in isolation, without the critical feedback loop of social interaction? What does FTD tell us, for example, about children who have been deeply neglected in orphanages? Or – taking another angle entirely — autistic people, who have trouble empathizing with others? What does self-perception look like in those who can’t perceive those around them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If all this is giving you a headache, you might spend some time exploring the web extras we’ve produced for these two stories. Here, Bruce Miller explains \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/artistic-renaissance-and-frontotemporal-dementia\">why frontotemporal dementia can bring with it an artistic renaissance\u003c/a>. And here, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/emotions-from-the-inside-and-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">we introduce you to Matt Cheney\u003c/a> and find out what his compulsive laughing and crying jags might reveal about emotion and the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then use our blog, below, to let us know what you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/beyond-alzheimers\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Listen to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/beyond-alzheimers\">Beyond Alzheimer’s\u003c/a> radio report online, and watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/artistic-renaissance-and-frontotemporal-dementia\">Web Extra: Dementia and Artistic Renaissance\u003c/a> slideshow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.76355 -122.458\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This is the second of two stories born out of an afternoon at UCSF's Memory and Aging Center, where a team of scientists, led by Dr. Bruce Miller, is trying to tease out the differences between as many as 200 dementias that affect aging brains.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975840,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":796},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Beyond Alzheimer's | KQED","description":"This is the second of two stories born out of an afternoon at UCSF's Memory and Aging Center, where a team of scientists, led by Dr. Bruce Miller, is trying to tease out the differences between as many as 200 dementias that affect aging brains.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Beyond Alzheimer's","datePublished":"2008-09-13T00:21:31.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:50:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/821/reporters-notes-beyond-alzheimers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/radio2-47_beyondalzheimers3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second of two stories born out of an afternoon at \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF’s Memory and Aging Center\u003c/a>, where a team of scientists, led by Dr. Bruce Miller, is trying to tease out the differences between as many as 200 dementias that affect aging brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two stories have a lot in common: Both introduce us to people who have lived with extremely difficult degenerative diseases: ALS in “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/decoding-the-emotional-brain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Decoding the Emotional Brain\u003c/a>,” and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/beyond-alzheimers\">frontotemporal dementia in this week’s story\u003c/a>. Both open up provocative questions about human nature. And neither would have happened without the generosity of a Northern California family – in this case, Cassandra Shafer, who drove down from Forestville with her daughter, Columbia, to tell me about Cassandra’s husband and Columbia’s father, Keith Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these video clips, you meet Keith Jordan in the second half of his disease, after doctors at UC Davis and UCSF diagnosed him with \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/frontotemporal-dementia/DS00874\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">frontotemporal dementia\u003c/a>. The videos were taken at UCSF over the course of many hours doctors spent studying Keith and his symptoms. In them, we glimpse of two of Keith’s FTD-caused obsessions: joke telling and music. (We also see one of the first symptoms to have emerged: his Jerry Garcia hairdo.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, Keith’s behavior might strike you as more eccentric than brain-damaged, which is precisely why FTD can take so long to diagnose. If you’re a doctor with a 15-minute appointment slot, frontotemporal dementia might just look like a midlife crisis. What we don’t see in the video clips are the five heartbreaking years that Cassandra spent trying to figure out what was happening to her husband – a search that included marriage and career counseling, the full gamut of conventional western specialists, yoga, meditation, chelation therapy, replacing every household cleaning product, every pot and pan, all the way to shamanic soul retrieval and exorcism – all while his behavior grew more erratic and difficult to be around. It’s impossible to overstate the drain – both emotional and financial — that this search brought on Keith’s family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith died in May and Cassandra is still, she says, “inching her way” out of the “foreign land” that FTD plunged her into. As unlikely as it sounds, I think she takes some comfort in the fact that Keith’s illness also gave doctors a chance to explore profound questions about human nature and the extent to which the structure of our brains determines who we are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FTD can turn Democrats into Republicans, and vice versa. People with no interest in art begin to paint obsessively. As the neurons in Keith’s right frontotemporal lobe (just behind the right eyebrow) died, his taste in music, his sense of humor, his relationships with his family members and friends changed completely. Our self, in other words, may owe much more to the way our brains are built than we’d care to acknowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what to make of the fact that this same part of the brain that shapes personality is also responsible for reading other people’s reactions? People with some forms of FTD can’t empathize with others (hear more about this in our slide show about FTD and art) or read the emotion on another person’s face. Not only do they experience radical personality changes, but they lose the ability to sense others’ reactions to them. In other words, how we define ourselves – whether we consider ourselves funny, smart, ambitious — seems to have everything to do with how others define us. We are all, in other words, people people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which begs the question: What about people raised in isolation, without the critical feedback loop of social interaction? What does FTD tell us, for example, about children who have been deeply neglected in orphanages? Or – taking another angle entirely — autistic people, who have trouble empathizing with others? What does self-perception look like in those who can’t perceive those around them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If all this is giving you a headache, you might spend some time exploring the web extras we’ve produced for these two stories. Here, Bruce Miller explains \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/artistic-renaissance-and-frontotemporal-dementia\">why frontotemporal dementia can bring with it an artistic renaissance\u003c/a>. And here, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/emotions-from-the-inside-and-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">we introduce you to Matt Cheney\u003c/a> and find out what his compulsive laughing and crying jags might reveal about emotion and the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then use our blog, below, to let us know what you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/beyond-alzheimers\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Listen to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/beyond-alzheimers\">Beyond Alzheimer’s\u003c/a> radio report online, and watch our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/artistic-renaissance-and-frontotemporal-dementia\">Web Extra: Dementia and Artistic Renaissance\u003c/a> slideshow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.76355 -122.458\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/821/reporters-notes-beyond-alzheimers","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_83","quest_134","quest_252","quest_377","quest_13201","quest_1586","quest_1788","quest_13","quest_13206","quest_3025"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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