Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Año Nuevo
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Photos by Andrew Alden.","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgetop-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgetop-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgetop-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgetop-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgetop-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgetop-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgetop.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"quest_21534":{"type":"attachments","id":"quest_21534","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"quest","id":"21534","found":true},"title":"anonuevotop","publishDate":1311878097,"status":"inherit","parent":21523,"modified":1311878097,"caption":"Point Año Nuevo from the air, with Año Nuevo Island to its left. When Sebastian Vizcaino sighted this point on New Year's Day 1603, the island was part of the mainland. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/\">Doc Searls\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license.","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"andrew-alden":{"type":"authors","id":"6228","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6228","found":true},"name":"Andrew Alden","firstName":"Andrew","lastName":"Alden","slug":"andrew-alden","email":"alden@andrew-alden.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. He has \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/\">written on geology for About.com\u003c/a> since its founding in 1997. In 2007, he started the Oakland Geology blog, which won recognition as \"Best of the East Bay\" from the \u003ci>East Bay Express\u003c/i> in 2010. In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_27744":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_27744","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"27744","score":null,"sort":[1322154033000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges","publishDate":1322154033,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Natural Bridges State Beach is in Santa Cruz, just west of downtown. It's an easy outing and a nice spot, popular for its sheltered beach and butterfly trees. But the \u003ca href=\"http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">official park site\u003c/a> says nothing about the rocks, so I must remedy that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, there's only one natural bridge at Natural Bridges, a sea arch next to a bedrock promontory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgesetting/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27747\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27747\" title=\"natbridgesetting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting-400x256.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gap between these two landforms used to be a second arch, and beyond them was a third. People used to drive out on the arches and have picnics. This was around the same time that Yosemite conducted public bear feedings and dumped bonfires over the cliffs every summer evening. Now park systems take preservation more seriously, and the remaining arch is off limits. Even so, the sea will take it down some day, as it did the other two, but without human help this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notice the flat surface of the surrounding land. All of this is the lowest of Santa Cruz's famous marine terraces, carved by the ocean waves some 80,000 years ago when the land lay lower and the sea level was steady. Since that time the sea has fluctuated and the land has risen. Several older terraces lie higher along the coast. The terraces are topped with a thin layer of beach sand and gravel. Today's seacliffs expose the older rock beneath. And with that, let's look at the geologic map of the area (from U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-489/\">Open-File Report 97-489\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgesmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27748\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27748\" title=\"natbridgesmap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap-400x250.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unit Qcl is the lower terrace and Qcu is the higher terraces. Around Soquel Creek are wetland deposits (Qb) and river sediment or alluvium, shown by the lightest color. There are three units of proper rock; from left to right (and oldest to youngest) they're the Santa Margarita Sandstone (Tsm), the Santa Cruz Mudstone (Tsc) and the Purisima Formation (Tp). (We met the Purisima before at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">Fitzgerald Preserve\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/28/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-san-gregorio-beach/\">San Gregorio Beach\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">Point Año Nuevo\u003c/a>.) Together they date from late Miocene to Pliocene time, about 10 million to 4 million years ago. The reason they crop out in this pattern is apparent in the photo above the map: the rock beds are tilted down to the east, which allowed erosion to expose the older rocks in the west. They got their tilt as this part of California was carried north along the San Andreas fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These facts matter in understanding what you'll see as you approach the bluffs west of the arch and observe the remarkable speckled rock of the Santa Cruz Mudstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgespots/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27749\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27749\" title=\"natbridgespots\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots-400x340.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The underlying Santa Margarita Sandstone is full of organic matter. Beneath it, the Monterey Formation is even more so (it's the foremost of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/\">Bay Area's petroleum\u003c/a> source rocks). So for many thousands of years, natural gas and hydrocarbons have been rising through the Santa Cruz Mudstone, both before and after it turned from sediment to stone. They followed a set of millions of parallel cracks, or joints, made by the stresses of moving along the San Andreas fault. After that, chemically active water did the same, depositing iron minerals in the stone. You'll see that the iron mineralization is closely related to the jointing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgejoints/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27746\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27746\" title=\"natbridgejoints\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints-400x321.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least two places, you'll find small faults displacing the Santa Cruz Mudstone. These are classified as normal faults, steep faults that drop one side relative to the other. They show nice examples of the upward-splaying pattern called flower structure, a sign that the faulting occurred near the ground surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgefault/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27745\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27745\" title=\"natbridgefault\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These faults dropped the rocks down on the east side, reinforcing the eastward tilt of the bedding. About a half-mile east of the park, in the bluffs along West Cliff Drive, the top of the Santa Cruz Mudstone comes into view and we can see what all those rising hydrocarbons were doing: feeding a large seafloor ecosystem based on \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/fossilstimeevolution/ig/fossil-pictures/fossil-cold-seep.htm\">cold seeps\u003c/a>. The UC Santa Cruz geology club visited the \"toilet bowls\" in 2003 and \u003ca href=\"http://es.ucsc.edu/~geoclub/paleosurfpics.html\">put up pictures\u003c/a>, and a UCSC research team \u003ca href=\"http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/29/12/1111.abstract\">described them in detail in the journal \u003ci>Geology\u003c/i> in 2001\u003c/a>. Such things must exist today in similar places, like the seafloor off Santa Barbara and beneath the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There's more to see at Natural Bridges State Beach than the temporary natural bridge. It's a monument to the cultural as well as the geological past.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1475696704,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":710},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges | KQED","description":"There's more to see at Natural Bridges State Beach than the temporary natural bridge. It's a monument to the cultural as well as the geological past.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges","datePublished":"2011-11-24T17:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-05T19:45:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"27744 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=27744","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Natural Bridges","path":"/quest/27744/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Natural Bridges State Beach is in Santa Cruz, just west of downtown. It's an easy outing and a nice spot, popular for its sheltered beach and butterfly trees. But the \u003ca href=\"http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">official park site\u003c/a> says nothing about the rocks, so I must remedy that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, there's only one natural bridge at Natural Bridges, a sea arch next to a bedrock promontory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgesetting/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27747\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27747\" title=\"natbridgesetting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesetting-400x256.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gap between these two landforms used to be a second arch, and beyond them was a third. People used to drive out on the arches and have picnics. This was around the same time that Yosemite conducted public bear feedings and dumped bonfires over the cliffs every summer evening. Now park systems take preservation more seriously, and the remaining arch is off limits. Even so, the sea will take it down some day, as it did the other two, but without human help this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notice the flat surface of the surrounding land. All of this is the lowest of Santa Cruz's famous marine terraces, carved by the ocean waves some 80,000 years ago when the land lay lower and the sea level was steady. Since that time the sea has fluctuated and the land has risen. Several older terraces lie higher along the coast. The terraces are topped with a thin layer of beach sand and gravel. Today's seacliffs expose the older rock beneath. And with that, let's look at the geologic map of the area (from U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-489/\">Open-File Report 97-489\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgesmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27748\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27748\" title=\"natbridgesmap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgesmap-400x250.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unit Qcl is the lower terrace and Qcu is the higher terraces. Around Soquel Creek are wetland deposits (Qb) and river sediment or alluvium, shown by the lightest color. There are three units of proper rock; from left to right (and oldest to youngest) they're the Santa Margarita Sandstone (Tsm), the Santa Cruz Mudstone (Tsc) and the Purisima Formation (Tp). (We met the Purisima before at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/10/geological-outings-around-the-bay-fitzgerald-marine-preserve/\">Fitzgerald Preserve\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/28/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-san-gregorio-beach/\">San Gregorio Beach\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">Point Año Nuevo\u003c/a>.) Together they date from late Miocene to Pliocene time, about 10 million to 4 million years ago. The reason they crop out in this pattern is apparent in the photo above the map: the rock beds are tilted down to the east, which allowed erosion to expose the older rocks in the west. They got their tilt as this part of California was carried north along the San Andreas fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These facts matter in understanding what you'll see as you approach the bluffs west of the arch and observe the remarkable speckled rock of the Santa Cruz Mudstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgespots/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27749\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27749\" title=\"natbridgespots\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgespots-400x340.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The underlying Santa Margarita Sandstone is full of organic matter. Beneath it, the Monterey Formation is even more so (it's the foremost of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/\">Bay Area's petroleum\u003c/a> source rocks). So for many thousands of years, natural gas and hydrocarbons have been rising through the Santa Cruz Mudstone, both before and after it turned from sediment to stone. They followed a set of millions of parallel cracks, or joints, made by the stresses of moving along the San Andreas fault. After that, chemically active water did the same, depositing iron minerals in the stone. You'll see that the iron mineralization is closely related to the jointing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgejoints/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27746\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27746\" title=\"natbridgejoints\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgejoints-400x321.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least two places, you'll find small faults displacing the Santa Cruz Mudstone. These are classified as normal faults, steep faults that drop one side relative to the other. They show nice examples of the upward-splaying pattern called flower structure, a sign that the faulting occurred near the ground surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges/natbridgefault/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-27745\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27745\" title=\"natbridgefault\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/natbridgefault-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These faults dropped the rocks down on the east side, reinforcing the eastward tilt of the bedding. About a half-mile east of the park, in the bluffs along West Cliff Drive, the top of the Santa Cruz Mudstone comes into view and we can see what all those rising hydrocarbons were doing: feeding a large seafloor ecosystem based on \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/fossilstimeevolution/ig/fossil-pictures/fossil-cold-seep.htm\">cold seeps\u003c/a>. The UC Santa Cruz geology club visited the \"toilet bowls\" in 2003 and \u003ca href=\"http://es.ucsc.edu/~geoclub/paleosurfpics.html\">put up pictures\u003c/a>, and a UCSC research team \u003ca href=\"http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/29/12/1111.abstract\">described them in detail in the journal \u003ci>Geology\u003c/i> in 2001\u003c/a>. Such things must exist today in similar places, like the seafloor off Santa Barbara and beneath the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/27744/geological-outings-around-the-bay-natural-bridges","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_1080","quest_9922","quest_10490","quest_13","quest_2507","quest_10491","quest_10492","quest_10493"],"featImg":"quest_27750","label":"quest"},"quest_21523":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_21523","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"21523","score":null,"sort":[1311880422000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Año Nuevo","publishDate":1311880422,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21534\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anonuevotop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Point Año Nuevo from the air, with Año Nuevo Island to its left. When Sebastian Vizcaino sighted this point on New Year's Day 1603, the island was part of the mainland.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003csup>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/\">Doc Searls\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Point Año Nuevo gets a crush of visitors during the mating season of elephant seals, a spectacle well worth the trip down the San Mateo coast. The rest of the year, especially at low tide, is good for enjoying the Point's geology. For instance, nowhere else on the California coast is a major fault zone so well exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first let's notice something about the Point: it's all a big flat space. In fact, looking at it from the edge, down on the beach, you'll see that it's a classic marine terrace, just like ones I've described previously at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-pebble-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a> a few miles to the north and at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Shell Beach\u003c/a> in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21537\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anoterrace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21537\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoterrace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anoterrace\" width=\"640\" height=\"365\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21537\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoterrace.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoterrace-400x228.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The top layer of this geologic cake is a thin frosting of brown soil, some orangish stream deposits just beneath it and lighter-colored beach sands. The bottom layer is solid rock all the way down to the beach. The contact between the two layers is a strip of vegetation, where groundwater collects. That contact represents an ancient wave-cut platform, from a time about 105,000 years ago (105 ka) when the sea level was higher than today (because the glaciers had melted even more than they have today).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a closer look at that wave-cut surface. It appears just like the modern seafloor, complete with the borings of pholad clams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anowavecut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21538\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anowavecut.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anowavecut\" width=\"640\" height=\"396\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-21538\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anowavecut.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anowavecut-400x248.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason I could photograph this without having to climb the cliffs is that the ground in places has been faulted since 105 ka. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anocutdrop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21529\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocutdrop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anocutdrop\" width=\"640\" height=\"497\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocutdrop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocutdrop-400x311.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Field trip leader Gerald Weber of UC Santa Cruz lectures at a downdropped wave-cut terrace. Behind him, this surface is several meters higher.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Time to look at the geologic map, which shows several faults crossing Point Año Nuevo. The photo above is from the beach cliff above the word \"Bay.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 485px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevogeomap-485x360.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"anonuevogeomap\" width=\"485\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Extracted from USGS Geologic Map of San Mateo County (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-137). Click image to see a larger version. Qmt, marine terrace; Qs, dune sand; Tsc, Santa Cruz Mudstone; Tp, Purisima Formation; Qyf, active alluvial fan; gold color, older alluvial fan deposits. Año Nuevo Island is Monterey Formation.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of these faults are part of the San Gregorio fault zone, an obscure part of the San Andreas family that runs mostly offshore. It is thought capable of a very large magnitude 7.5 earthquake. The two most prominent strands at Point Año Nuevo are on the right-hand side of the map; they're informally named the Coastways fault (on the east) and the Frijoles fault. The Frijoles is at the center of this view:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anofrijoles/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21530\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anofrijoles.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anofrijoles\" width=\"640\" height=\"336\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anofrijoles.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anofrijoles-400x210.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This closeup shows where Año Nuevo Creek, long ago, took advantage of the downdrop on the fault and cut into the underlying \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/28/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-san-gregorio-beach/\">Purisima Formation\u003c/a> (which is about 5 million years old). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anocreekcut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21528\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocreekcut.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anocreekcut\" width=\"640\" height=\"373\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocreekcut.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocreekcut-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Point Año Nuevo is a very active place today, even though no large earthquakes have been documented here for about a thousand years. When first logged by European explorers in 1603, there was no island here. By the end of the 1700s there was one. Researcher Gerald Weber, who has tramped the Point since 1973, has evidence that this change created a huge washout of sand that protected the southern seacliffs of the Point until just recently. In a field trip recently, he paced off the amount he has seen the cliffs retreat since about 1980. The hat sits where renewed erosion uncovered an old pier post dating from the 1850s, when the pier served lumbering operations in the nearby hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anoretreat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21536\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoretreat.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anoretreat\" width=\"640\" height=\"451\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoretreat.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoretreat-400x282.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weber thinks that this sand has moved down the coast and is now affecting Santa Cruz Harbor. Eventually it will spill into Monterey Canyon and wash out to the deep sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Gregorio fault zone is an important mystery. This image from an old map shows its extent in this part of the San Mateo coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anooldgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21535\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anooldgeomap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anooldgeomap\" width=\"632\" height=\"273\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21535\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anooldgeomap.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anooldgeomap-400x173.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent mapping has improved this picture, but the work is very difficult. Lidar technology promises big advances, though. This light-based form of radar mapping allows us to strip buildings and vegetation off the underlying ground surface, making even subtle fault features stand out. Lidar imagery now covers this region:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21532\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anolidarsynopt/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21532\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarsynopt.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anolidarsynopt\" width=\"640\" height=\"210\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarsynopt.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarsynopt-400x131.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy www.opentopography.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>. . . and the Frijoles fault trace on Point Año Nuevo stands out beautifully in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anolidarclose/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21531\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarclose.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anolidarclose\" width=\"640\" height=\"421\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarclose.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarclose-400x263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about Point Año Nuevo's geology from the park's \u003ca href=\"http://sanmateocoastnha.org/pages/docent_training.html\">2009 docent training materials\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/gridsphere/gridsphere?cid=otgoogleearth\">Lidar data from many Northern California fault traces\u003c/a> is freely viewable in Google Earth.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Elephant seals are seasonal attractions at Point Año Nuevo, but the geology and the earthquake hazard it presents is there year-round.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1312925137,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":814},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Año Nuevo | KQED","description":"Elephant seals are seasonal attractions at Point Año Nuevo, but the geology and the earthquake hazard it presents is there year-round.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Año Nuevo","datePublished":"2011-07-28T19:13:42.000Z","dateModified":"2011-08-09T21:25:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"21523 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=21523","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Año Nuevo","path":"/quest/21523/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21534\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anonuevotop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevotop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Point Año Nuevo from the air, with Año Nuevo Island to its left. When Sebastian Vizcaino sighted this point on New Year's Day 1603, the island was part of the mainland.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003csup>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/\">Doc Searls\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Commons license.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Point Año Nuevo gets a crush of visitors during the mating season of elephant seals, a spectacle well worth the trip down the San Mateo coast. The rest of the year, especially at low tide, is good for enjoying the Point's geology. For instance, nowhere else on the California coast is a major fault zone so well exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first let's notice something about the Point: it's all a big flat space. In fact, looking at it from the edge, down on the beach, you'll see that it's a classic marine terrace, just like ones I've described previously at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-pebble-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a> a few miles to the north and at \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">Shell Beach\u003c/a> in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21537\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anoterrace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21537\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoterrace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anoterrace\" width=\"640\" height=\"365\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21537\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoterrace.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoterrace-400x228.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The top layer of this geologic cake is a thin frosting of brown soil, some orangish stream deposits just beneath it and lighter-colored beach sands. The bottom layer is solid rock all the way down to the beach. The contact between the two layers is a strip of vegetation, where groundwater collects. That contact represents an ancient wave-cut platform, from a time about 105,000 years ago (105 ka) when the sea level was higher than today (because the glaciers had melted even more than they have today).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a closer look at that wave-cut surface. It appears just like the modern seafloor, complete with the borings of pholad clams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anowavecut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21538\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anowavecut.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anowavecut\" width=\"640\" height=\"396\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-21538\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anowavecut.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anowavecut-400x248.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason I could photograph this without having to climb the cliffs is that the ground in places has been faulted since 105 ka. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anocutdrop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21529\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocutdrop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anocutdrop\" width=\"640\" height=\"497\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocutdrop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocutdrop-400x311.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Field trip leader Gerald Weber of UC Santa Cruz lectures at a downdropped wave-cut terrace. Behind him, this surface is several meters higher.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Time to look at the geologic map, which shows several faults crossing Point Año Nuevo. The photo above is from the beach cliff above the word \"Bay.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 485px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anonuevogeomap-485x360.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"anonuevogeomap\" width=\"485\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Extracted from USGS Geologic Map of San Mateo County (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-137). Click image to see a larger version. Qmt, marine terrace; Qs, dune sand; Tsc, Santa Cruz Mudstone; Tp, Purisima Formation; Qyf, active alluvial fan; gold color, older alluvial fan deposits. Año Nuevo Island is Monterey Formation.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of these faults are part of the San Gregorio fault zone, an obscure part of the San Andreas family that runs mostly offshore. It is thought capable of a very large magnitude 7.5 earthquake. The two most prominent strands at Point Año Nuevo are on the right-hand side of the map; they're informally named the Coastways fault (on the east) and the Frijoles fault. The Frijoles is at the center of this view:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anofrijoles/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21530\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anofrijoles.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anofrijoles\" width=\"640\" height=\"336\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anofrijoles.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anofrijoles-400x210.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This closeup shows where Año Nuevo Creek, long ago, took advantage of the downdrop on the fault and cut into the underlying \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/28/greater-bay-area-geo-attractions-san-gregorio-beach/\">Purisima Formation\u003c/a> (which is about 5 million years old). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anocreekcut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21528\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocreekcut.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anocreekcut\" width=\"640\" height=\"373\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocreekcut.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anocreekcut-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Point Año Nuevo is a very active place today, even though no large earthquakes have been documented here for about a thousand years. When first logged by European explorers in 1603, there was no island here. By the end of the 1700s there was one. Researcher Gerald Weber, who has tramped the Point since 1973, has evidence that this change created a huge washout of sand that protected the southern seacliffs of the Point until just recently. In a field trip recently, he paced off the amount he has seen the cliffs retreat since about 1980. The hat sits where renewed erosion uncovered an old pier post dating from the 1850s, when the pier served lumbering operations in the nearby hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anoretreat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21536\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoretreat.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anoretreat\" width=\"640\" height=\"451\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoretreat.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anoretreat-400x282.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weber thinks that this sand has moved down the coast and is now affecting Santa Cruz Harbor. Eventually it will spill into Monterey Canyon and wash out to the deep sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Gregorio fault zone is an important mystery. This image from an old map shows its extent in this part of the San Mateo coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anooldgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21535\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anooldgeomap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anooldgeomap\" width=\"632\" height=\"273\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21535\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anooldgeomap.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anooldgeomap-400x173.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent mapping has improved this picture, but the work is very difficult. Lidar technology promises big advances, though. This light-based form of radar mapping allows us to strip buildings and vegetation off the underlying ground surface, making even subtle fault features stand out. Lidar imagery now covers this region:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21532\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anolidarsynopt/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21532\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarsynopt.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anolidarsynopt\" width=\"640\" height=\"210\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarsynopt.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarsynopt-400x131.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy www.opentopography.org\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>. . . and the Frijoles fault trace on Point Año Nuevo stands out beautifully in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/anolidarclose/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-21531\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarclose.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"anolidarclose\" width=\"640\" height=\"421\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-21531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarclose.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/anolidarclose-400x263.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about Point Año Nuevo's geology from the park's \u003ca href=\"http://sanmateocoastnha.org/pages/docent_training.html\">2009 docent training materials\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/gridsphere/gridsphere?cid=otgoogleearth\">Lidar data from many Northern California fault traces\u003c/a> is freely viewable in Google Earth.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/21523/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_173","quest_174","quest_909","quest_9922","quest_2338","quest_13202","quest_2484","quest_9921"],"featImg":"quest_21534","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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