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These are photographs taken with the cooperation of the whales. Mr. Austin has dedicated his life to creating bonds with wild whales, and his photographs are the records of his interactions with them. Swimming alongside these giants is an experience less than one millionth of 1% of the human population will experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg\" alt=\"A whale swims away from Bryant Austin\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale swims away from Bryant Austin as he snorkels. \u003ccite>(Bryant Austin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before he takes the plunge, Mr. Austin spends months preparing to film in the wild by working with whale biologists who study specific populations of whales. Mr. Austin travels with these experts, to identify unique individual whales who posses the personality and sense of curiosity to be agreeable subjects. Austin returns to the whales day after day to build a sense of familiarity which will eventually allow them to feel comfortable enough to approach him on their own terms. Swimming with whales is intrinsically very dangerous if for no other reason than their enormous size. A single accidental flick from a pectoral fin or fluke could pummel a human swimmer. A threatened whale or a mother protecting her calf can be particularly dangerous. While whales have the potential to be destructive, it is much more likely that a whale disturbed by a human swimmer will simply swim away. For this reason Austin works hard to build the trust of his subjects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whales, like humans, are intelligent mammals that live within social structures. As such, whales have a kind of etiquette based on behavioral cues. To get close enough to photograph the whales Mr. Austin has to abide by a different species code of conduct. For example, Austin does not use SCUBA while visiting the whales because the bubbles produced by the equipment can be construed as a threat display between whales. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we can’t communicate with whales verbally, you can communicate intention. And I do this by being very slow and predictable when I move. And I remain motionless most of the time, and I want to communicate to them that I’m interested in them, but I’m also respectful, and I’m just going be very passive and patient. Most of the time, they ignore me or swim away, and there’s just that, those few exceptional moments in the season where they decide to come up to me and spend a few moments” \u003cbr>It's within these few rare moments that Bryant Austin is able to create his stunning photographs. In fact, his entire collection to date represents interactions with only 9 particularly curious individual whales. As top predators, whales generally tend to demonstrate curiosity in exploring their environment. Some species like humpback whales tend to be more curious than other species, but even within a species individual whales will show different personality traits. Through his non-profit organization \u003ca href=\"http://mmcta.org/\">Marine Mammal Conservation Through the Arts\u003c/a>, Mr. Austin works for months for the brief seconds and minutes when the whales come to inspect him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/1k-Bryant-Austin-Minke-Whale-Composite-One-at-the-Tamada-Museum-Tokyo-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"A visitor at Tokyo's Tamada Museum views Bryant Austin's life-sized print of a Minke Whale\" title=\"1k Bryant Austin Minke Whale Composite One at the Tamada Museum Tokyo\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-23481\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The camera I’m holding in a way is like the world’s eye, humanity’s eye, so we can make whales visible and hopefully change our perception and behavior towards them. So it’s ironic that this little 210-pound person really can be more powerful than this 40-ton whale.” \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scotts Valley photographer Bryant Austin swims eye-to-eye with the world's largest animals in order to bring attention to the plight of these intelligent ocean denizens. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457631529,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":599},"headData":{"title":"Your Photos on QUEST: Bryant Austin | KQED","description":"Scotts Valley photographer Bryant Austin swims eye-to-eye with the world's largest animals in order to bring attention to the plight of these intelligent ocean denizens. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"23461 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=23461","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/06/your-photos-on-quest-bryant-austin/","disqusTitle":"Your Photos on QUEST: Bryant Austin","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jirErJNarA","path":"/quest/23461/your-photos-on-quest-bryant-austin","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While the massive scale of Bryant Austin’s life-sized whale photographs has an instantaneous and undeniable awing effect, it is the sense of emotional connection to his subjects that makes the images stick in the viewer’s mind. These are photographs taken with the cooperation of the whales. Mr. Austin has dedicated his life to creating bonds with wild whales, and his photographs are the records of his interactions with them. Swimming alongside these giants is an experience less than one millionth of 1% of the human population will experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg\" alt=\"A whale swims away from Bryant Austin\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" class=\"size-large wp-image-23480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1440x928.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/DominicaBryantAustin8April2011_MG_5927-Image-from-Sylvia-Earl-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A whale swims away from Bryant Austin as he snorkels. \u003ccite>(Bryant Austin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before he takes the plunge, Mr. Austin spends months preparing to film in the wild by working with whale biologists who study specific populations of whales. Mr. Austin travels with these experts, to identify unique individual whales who posses the personality and sense of curiosity to be agreeable subjects. Austin returns to the whales day after day to build a sense of familiarity which will eventually allow them to feel comfortable enough to approach him on their own terms. Swimming with whales is intrinsically very dangerous if for no other reason than their enormous size. A single accidental flick from a pectoral fin or fluke could pummel a human swimmer. A threatened whale or a mother protecting her calf can be particularly dangerous. While whales have the potential to be destructive, it is much more likely that a whale disturbed by a human swimmer will simply swim away. For this reason Austin works hard to build the trust of his subjects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whales, like humans, are intelligent mammals that live within social structures. As such, whales have a kind of etiquette based on behavioral cues. To get close enough to photograph the whales Mr. Austin has to abide by a different species code of conduct. For example, Austin does not use SCUBA while visiting the whales because the bubbles produced by the equipment can be construed as a threat display between whales. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we can’t communicate with whales verbally, you can communicate intention. And I do this by being very slow and predictable when I move. And I remain motionless most of the time, and I want to communicate to them that I’m interested in them, but I’m also respectful, and I’m just going be very passive and patient. Most of the time, they ignore me or swim away, and there’s just that, those few exceptional moments in the season where they decide to come up to me and spend a few moments” \u003cbr>It's within these few rare moments that Bryant Austin is able to create his stunning photographs. In fact, his entire collection to date represents interactions with only 9 particularly curious individual whales. As top predators, whales generally tend to demonstrate curiosity in exploring their environment. Some species like humpback whales tend to be more curious than other species, but even within a species individual whales will show different personality traits. Through his non-profit organization \u003ca href=\"http://mmcta.org/\">Marine Mammal Conservation Through the Arts\u003c/a>, Mr. Austin works for months for the brief seconds and minutes when the whales come to inspect him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/1k-Bryant-Austin-Minke-Whale-Composite-One-at-the-Tamada-Museum-Tokyo-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"A visitor at Tokyo's Tamada Museum views Bryant Austin's life-sized print of a Minke Whale\" title=\"1k Bryant Austin Minke Whale Composite One at the Tamada Museum Tokyo\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-23481\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The camera I’m holding in a way is like the world’s eye, humanity’s eye, so we can make whales visible and hopefully change our perception and behavior towards them. So it’s ironic that this little 210-pound person really can be more powerful than this 40-ton whale.” \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/23461/your-photos-on-quest-bryant-austin","authors":["6219","10239"],"series":["quest_3297"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_10068","quest_684","quest_3351","quest_1725","quest_1739","quest_2141","quest_2187","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893","quest_3142"],"featImg":"quest_23653","label":"quest_3297"},"quest_17561":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17561","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17561","score":null,"sort":[1305163800000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bats-in-our-midst","title":"Bats In Our Midst","publishDate":1305163800,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>QUEST ventures under a Central Valley bridge to count the bats that make it their home. The bridge is one of the most important roosting places for Mexican free-tailed bats in the Central Valley, where this voracious insect-eating species protects the local crops from pests. Then meet two volunteers who take injured bats into their homes and nurse them to health. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/10/bat-flight-a-mechanical-marvel/\" target=\"_blank\">bats in this related article\u003c/a> from the producer of the video.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST ventures under a Central Valley bridge to count the bats that make it their home. The bridge is one of the most important roosting places for Mexican free-tailed bats in the Central Valley, where this voracious insect-eating species protects the local crops from pests. Then meet two volunteers who take injured bats into their homes and nurse them to health. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457663307,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":79},"headData":{"title":"Bats In Our Midst | KQED","description":"QUEST ventures under a Central Valley bridge to count the bats that make it their home. The bridge is one of the most important roosting places for Mexican free-tailed bats in the Central Valley, where this voracious insect-eating species protects the local crops from pests. Then meet two volunteers who take injured bats into their homes and nurse them to health. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"17561 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/11/bats-in-our-midst/","disqusTitle":"Bats In Our Midst","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvqiLWuBBR0","path":"/quest/17561/bats-in-our-midst","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>QUEST ventures under a Central Valley bridge to count the bats that make it their home. The bridge is one of the most important roosting places for Mexican free-tailed bats in the Central Valley, where this voracious insect-eating species protects the local crops from pests. Then meet two volunteers who take injured bats into their homes and nurse them to health. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/10/bat-flight-a-mechanical-marvel/\" target=\"_blank\">bats in this related article\u003c/a> from the producer of the video.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17561/bats-in-our-midst","authors":["6186","6219"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_9940","quest_280","quest_9946","quest_10236","quest_3351","quest_1725","quest_9941","quest_2141","quest_10237","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893"],"featImg":"quest_13478","label":"quest"},"quest_695":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_695","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"695","score":null,"sort":[1215805167000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"quest-picks-talking-elephants-at-the-oakland-zoo","title":"Quest Picks: Talking Elephants at the Oakland Zoo","publishDate":1215805167,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/elephant1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Can elephants feel seismic waves?\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have known for years that elephants can communicate. By using low frequency vocals, called rumbles, elephants can 'talk' with eachother, sometimes communicating from very long distances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new question being asked by some scientists is: can elephants feel those rumbles in the earth?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist Dr. Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> wants to find out. After studying elephant activity in Africa, she noticed that elephants would raise and lower their feet when interacting with one another. She realized that these elephants were using seismic waves felt through their feet to send messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connell-Rodwell and her team \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/06/06/127/\" target=\"_blank\">have been creating mini-earthquakes for an elephant\u003c/a> (named Donna) at the Oakland Zoo to monitor her responses to different seismic activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out this National Geographic video about the study on YouTube:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" width=\"425\" height=\"344\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/FKvChyW271k&hl=en&fs=1\">\u003cembed type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"425\" height=\"344\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/FKvChyW271k&hl=en&fs=1\" allowfullscreen=\"true\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1215805167,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":146},"headData":{"title":"Quest Picks: Talking Elephants at the Oakland Zoo | KQED","description":"Can elephants feel seismic waves? Scientists have known for years that elephants can communicate. By using low frequency vocals, called rumbles, elephants can 'talk' with eachother, sometimes communicating from very long distances. But the new question being asked by some scientists is: can elephants feel those rumbles in the earth? Biologist Dr. Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell from","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"695 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=695","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/11/quest-picks-talking-elephants-at-the-oakland-zoo/","disqusTitle":"Quest Picks: Talking Elephants at the Oakland Zoo","path":"/quest/695/quest-picks-talking-elephants-at-the-oakland-zoo","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/elephant1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Can elephants feel seismic waves?\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have known for years that elephants can communicate. By using low frequency vocals, called rumbles, elephants can 'talk' with eachother, sometimes communicating from very long distances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new question being asked by some scientists is: can elephants feel those rumbles in the earth?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist Dr. Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> wants to find out. After studying elephant activity in Africa, she noticed that elephants would raise and lower their feet when interacting with one another. She realized that these elephants were using seismic waves felt through their feet to send messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connell-Rodwell and her team \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/06/06/127/\" target=\"_blank\">have been creating mini-earthquakes for an elephant\u003c/a> (named Donna) at the Oakland Zoo to monitor her responses to different seismic activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out this National Geographic video about the study on YouTube:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" width=\"425\" height=\"344\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/FKvChyW271k&hl=en&fs=1\">\u003cembed type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"425\" height=\"344\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/FKvChyW271k&hl=en&fs=1\" allowfullscreen=\"true\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/695/quest-picks-talking-elephants-at-the-oakland-zoo","authors":["162"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_77","quest_425","quest_438","quest_909","quest_964","quest_3351","quest_1725","quest_1924","quest_8397","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_2351","quest_2464","quest_2580","quest_2581","quest_3206"],"label":"quest"},"quest_687":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_687","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"687","score":null,"sort":[1215457434000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-no-y-gender-bending-transcaucasian-mole-voles","title":"Why no Y? Gender-bending Transcaucasian mole voles","publishDate":1215457434,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>I've always been fascinated by weird animals. Especially those with out-of-the-ordinary genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/molevole1.jpg\">\u003cem>Transcaucasian mole vole. Image Courtesy of Heike Himmelreich\u003c/em>\u003c/span>One of my favorites is a little burrowing mammal called a Transcaucasian mole vole. These guys live in the Caucasus Mountains of Armenia, Iran, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. There they are born, live, have babies and die. All without a Y chromosome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is really bizarre. In most mammals, two X chromosomes usually means that the animal is female and an X and a Y means the animal is male. All mole voles have a single X chromosome. So technically, there shouldn’t be any males running around. And yet, clearly, there are. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what distinguishes a boy mole vole from a girl mole vole genetically? No one really knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most mammals, the Y chromosome causes a fertilized egg to turn into a male because of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=gnd.section.156\">SRY\u003c/a> gene. This gene starts a cascade of events that eventually results in a male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility would be if the SRY gene happened to move to another chromosome. There are certainly cases of this happening even in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this were the case, then maybe a different chromosome has the SRY gene in mole voles. Maybe there are versions of the gene that work and versions that don't. Now we have a gene no different than an eye or hair color gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good model but it isn't true. Scientists have looked but it appears that these little guys don't have an SRY gene. They make the male/female decision in a completely different way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most likely somewhere along the way a gene mutated so that it could now determine the sex of these mammals. When this happened, the loss of the Y didn't matter much and so it was lost. The mole vole evolved into a Y-less mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, if any chromosome had to go it would be the Y. It has been under constant attack ever since it distinguished itself from the X chromosome 200 or 300 million years ago. It has gone from being one of the biggest chromosomes with 900-1400 genes to a bit of DNA with around 80 genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are even active discussions about whether the Y is on a death spiral in all mammals. Soon we may all be mole voles. Or be gone. Some of my recent posts elsewhere on this topic:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=51\">Males going extinct?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=28\">Fish that change gender\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.332 -121.903\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1215457434,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":421},"headData":{"title":"Why no Y? Gender-bending Transcaucasian mole voles | KQED","description":"I've always been fascinated by weird animals. Especially those with out-of-the-ordinary genetics. Transcaucasian mole vole. Image Courtesy of Heike HimmelreichOne of my favorites is a little burrowing mammal called a Transcaucasian mole vole. These guys live in the Caucasus Mountains of Armenia, Iran, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. There they are born, live, have babies and die.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"687 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=687","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/07/why-no-y-gender-bending-transcaucasian-mole-voles/","disqusTitle":"Why no Y? Gender-bending Transcaucasian mole voles","path":"/quest/687/why-no-y-gender-bending-transcaucasian-mole-voles","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I've always been fascinated by weird animals. Especially those with out-of-the-ordinary genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/molevole1.jpg\">\u003cem>Transcaucasian mole vole. Image Courtesy of Heike Himmelreich\u003c/em>\u003c/span>One of my favorites is a little burrowing mammal called a Transcaucasian mole vole. These guys live in the Caucasus Mountains of Armenia, Iran, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. There they are born, live, have babies and die. All without a Y chromosome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is really bizarre. In most mammals, two X chromosomes usually means that the animal is female and an X and a Y means the animal is male. All mole voles have a single X chromosome. So technically, there shouldn’t be any males running around. And yet, clearly, there are. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what distinguishes a boy mole vole from a girl mole vole genetically? No one really knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most mammals, the Y chromosome causes a fertilized egg to turn into a male because of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=gnd.section.156\">SRY\u003c/a> gene. This gene starts a cascade of events that eventually results in a male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility would be if the SRY gene happened to move to another chromosome. There are certainly cases of this happening even in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this were the case, then maybe a different chromosome has the SRY gene in mole voles. Maybe there are versions of the gene that work and versions that don't. Now we have a gene no different than an eye or hair color gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good model but it isn't true. Scientists have looked but it appears that these little guys don't have an SRY gene. They make the male/female decision in a completely different way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most likely somewhere along the way a gene mutated so that it could now determine the sex of these mammals. When this happened, the loss of the Y didn't matter much and so it was lost. The mole vole evolved into a Y-less mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, if any chromosome had to go it would be the Y. It has been under constant attack ever since it distinguished itself from the X chromosome 200 or 300 million years ago. It has gone from being one of the biggest chromosomes with 900-1400 genes to a bit of DNA with around 80 genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are even active discussions about whether the Y is on a death spiral in all mammals. Soon we may all be mole voles. Or be gone. Some of my recent posts elsewhere on this topic:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=51\">Males going extinct?\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=28\">Fish that change gender\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.332 -121.903\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/687/why-no-y-gender-bending-transcaucasian-mole-voles","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_511","quest_596","quest_848","quest_1187","quest_1188","quest_1197","quest_3351","quest_1725","quest_2349","quest_2769","quest_2770","quest_3089","quest_3195"],"label":"quest"},"quest_677":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_677","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"677","score":null,"sort":[1215111751000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wire-snares-in-africa","title":"Wire Snares in Africa","publishDate":1215111751,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/chimp1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Photo by: Melissa Batson\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">And\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\"> \u003cem>how they put a snare in the plan for chimps and humans to live together.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">In the Budongo Forests of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Uganda\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">, a large group of Chimpanzees, named by researchers The Sonso Group, attempt to thrive in their natural habitat, eating plants and small prey. At the same time, humans who live around the forest are also trying to survive, working at places like the local sugarcane plantation and living in straw and mud houses. For food, they set out into the forest with small snares and aim for \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiker\" target=\"_blank\">duiker\u003c/a> and or pig. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Most of these snares are made from wire. As chimpanzees walk through the forest, their hands or feet may become trapped in the snare. In two of the forests where chimpanzees are studied, researchers have observed up to 25 percent of chimpanzees are maimed due to snare injuries. More die. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">This problem is typical all over the world. How do the chimps and people live together? How do elephants and people live together? Wolves and people? Mountain Lions and Bay Area people? Though solutions seem impossible at times, I am impressed by many of the solutions, one being that of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.budongo.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Budongo Snare Removal Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">In January 2000, the\u003ca href=\"http://www.janegoodall.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Jane Goodall Institute\u003c/a> in collaboration with the Budongo Forest Project initiated a snare removal program in the Budongo Forest Reserve. The objective is to reduce the number of snares set, reduce the number of animals caught in snares and traps, and increase the number of local people who obey wildlife laws and understand the need for protecting wildlife. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Teams of two men locate and remove snares. After the first year of operation, they found that the number of snares being set within the grid system of the research area dropped. The census teams found heavy poaching and illegal activities were being carried out in the southern end of the forest reserve, so the team near the research site extended their range.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">A new education center reaches out to the local community and provides education around ecology, wildlife and the treasure that is the chimpanzees. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">The Oakland Zoo adopted this project in 2001 and the support covers the salaries for four field assistants, two educators, two eco-guards, and allowances for transportation and bike repair, gum boots, rain gear, backpacks, and compasses. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Funds raised at an annual fall lecture and silent auction and on Primate Discovery Day go toward this project.This year’s Primate Day is September 27\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and the lecture, featuring \u003ca href=\"http://www.ippl.org\" target=\"_blank\">Shirley McGreal\u003c/a>, is on October 2\u003csup>nd\u003c/sup>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">The Oakland Zoo also supports connection and awareness of this project by visiting the site in \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Uganda\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">. \u003ca href=\"http://ozteentrip.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Teens will be traveling there\u003c/a> in July\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Arial\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">and adults will embark on the journey (including gorilla trecking) in October. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">\u003cem>More spots are available on this once in a lifetime adventure. For details, email: amy@oaklandzoo.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\n 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1215111751,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":484},"headData":{"title":"Wire Snares in Africa | KQED","description":"Photo by: Melissa Batson And how they put a snare in the plan for chimps and humans to live together. In the Budongo Forests of Uganda, a large group of Chimpanzees, named by researchers The Sonso Group, attempt to thrive in their natural habitat, eating plants and small prey. At the same time, humans who","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"677 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=677","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/03/wire-snares-in-africa/","disqusTitle":"Wire Snares in Africa","path":"/quest/677/wire-snares-in-africa","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/07/chimp1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Photo by: Melissa Batson\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">And\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\"> \u003cem>how they put a snare in the plan for chimps and humans to live together.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">In the Budongo Forests of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Uganda\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">, a large group of Chimpanzees, named by researchers The Sonso Group, attempt to thrive in their natural habitat, eating plants and small prey. At the same time, humans who live around the forest are also trying to survive, working at places like the local sugarcane plantation and living in straw and mud houses. For food, they set out into the forest with small snares and aim for \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiker\" target=\"_blank\">duiker\u003c/a> and or pig. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Most of these snares are made from wire. As chimpanzees walk through the forest, their hands or feet may become trapped in the snare. In two of the forests where chimpanzees are studied, researchers have observed up to 25 percent of chimpanzees are maimed due to snare injuries. More die. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">This problem is typical all over the world. How do the chimps and people live together? How do elephants and people live together? Wolves and people? Mountain Lions and Bay Area people? Though solutions seem impossible at times, I am impressed by many of the solutions, one being that of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.budongo.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Budongo Snare Removal Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">In January 2000, the\u003ca href=\"http://www.janegoodall.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Jane Goodall Institute\u003c/a> in collaboration with the Budongo Forest Project initiated a snare removal program in the Budongo Forest Reserve. The objective is to reduce the number of snares set, reduce the number of animals caught in snares and traps, and increase the number of local people who obey wildlife laws and understand the need for protecting wildlife. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Teams of two men locate and remove snares. After the first year of operation, they found that the number of snares being set within the grid system of the research area dropped. The census teams found heavy poaching and illegal activities were being carried out in the southern end of the forest reserve, so the team near the research site extended their range.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">A new education center reaches out to the local community and provides education around ecology, wildlife and the treasure that is the chimpanzees. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">The Oakland Zoo adopted this project in 2001 and the support covers the salaries for four field assistants, two educators, two eco-guards, and allowances for transportation and bike repair, gum boots, rain gear, backpacks, and compasses. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Funds raised at an annual fall lecture and silent auction and on Primate Discovery Day go toward this project.This year’s Primate Day is September 27\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and the lecture, featuring \u003ca href=\"http://www.ippl.org\" target=\"_blank\">Shirley McGreal\u003c/a>, is on October 2\u003csup>nd\u003c/sup>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">The Oakland Zoo also supports connection and awareness of this project by visiting the site in \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">Uganda\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">. \u003ca href=\"http://ozteentrip.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Teens will be traveling there\u003c/a> in July\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Arial\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">and adults will embark on the journey (including gorilla trecking) in October. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\">\u003cem>More spots are available on this once in a lifetime adventure. For details, email: amy@oaklandzoo.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Verdana;color: black\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\">\n 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/677/wire-snares-in-africa","authors":["10178"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_77","quest_166","quest_285","quest_399","quest_400","quest_401","quest_402","quest_579","quest_580","quest_893","quest_919","quest_979","quest_999","quest_1245","quest_1419","quest_1514","quest_3351","quest_1725","quest_1943","quest_8383","quest_2141","quest_2201","quest_2240","quest_2291","quest_2294","quest_2349","quest_2619","quest_2679","quest_2729","quest_2984","quest_2991","quest_3028","quest_3155","quest_3173"],"label":"quest"},"quest_535":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_535","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"535","score":null,"sort":[1208285948000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-resurveying-californias-wildlife-100-years-later","title":"Producer's Notes: Resurveying California's Wildlife 100 Years Later","publishDate":1208285948,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/843\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/04/specimens.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>It's rather mind-boggling to walk into the storage rooms at \u003ca href=\"http://mvz.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology\u003c/a>. The rooms hold all manner of skulls, skeletons, pelts, and entire specimens that are intact in jars and drawers. I was there with Gabriela Quirós, the producer of the QUEST story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/843\" target=\"_blank\">\"Resurveying California's Wildlife – 100 Years Later\"\u003c/a>. The Museum is generally not open to the public, except on Cal Day, which is the University's annual open house celebration. Monica Albe, the Museum's bubbly Senior Museum Scientist, accompanied by her equally enthusiastic fellow scientist, Allison Shultz, gave us a tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Museum contains over 640,000 specimens of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals and 50,000 tissue samples that have been specially preserved since the turn of the last century. It's considered to be the largest university museum collection of its kind in the country. While it may even seem a bit disconcerting at first to see this enormous collection-- especially the specimens that have been stuffed to be appear more life-like-- the historical importance of the collection is tremendously significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the specimens were collected in the early 1900's by the Museum's first Director, \u003ca href=\"http://mvz.berkeley.edu/Grinnell.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Joseph Grinnell\u003c/a>, a zoologist who realized how quickly the environment was changing under the influence of human civilization. He set out to meticulously document various regions in California by amassing specimens and creating field notes, photographs, maps, letters and other archival materials. Grinnell understood how valuable this information would be in the years to come to future generations who wanted to learn more about our ever-evolving landscape. Present-day scientists are able to utilize this information for climate change research and can even extract DNA to perform genetic tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monica is the Museum's preparator and oversees its Specimen Preparation Laboratory for UC Berkeley students. Veterinary hospitals or park employees donate specimens for her and her students to work on and she has a special license that allows her to collect any roadkill that she finds. The Museum usually preps specimens in three ways in order for scientists to have several options of study available to the: anatomy and biology (specimens that are prepared with taxidermy methods), skeletons, and entire specimens preserved in fluid. Monica even has a collection of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermestidae\" target=\"_blank\">dermestid beetles\u003c/a> that help to completely clean the skeletons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/843\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/tv_icon_light.gif\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Watch the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/843\">\"Resurveying California's Wildlife 100 Years Later\" TV Story \u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources. Don't forget to \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/sets/72157604000266350/\" target=\"_blank\">see the behind-the-scenes photos\u003c/a> from this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Jenny Oh\u003c/strong> is an Associate Producer for QUEST on KQED Television.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8642 -122.286\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's rather mind-boggling to walk into the storage rooms at UC Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. The rooms hold all manner of skulls, skeletons, pelts, and entire specimens that are intact in jars and drawers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457901215,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":445},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Resurveying California's Wildlife 100 Years Later | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"535 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/04/15/producers-notes-resurveying-californias-wildlife-100-years-later/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/04/15/producers-notes-resurveying-californias-wildlife-100-years-later/","disqusTitle":"Producer's Notes: Resurveying California's Wildlife 100 Years Later","path":"/quest/535/producers-notes-resurveying-californias-wildlife-100-years-later","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/843\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/04/specimens.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>It's rather mind-boggling to walk into the storage rooms at \u003ca href=\"http://mvz.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology\u003c/a>. The rooms hold all manner of skulls, skeletons, pelts, and entire specimens that are intact in jars and drawers. I was there with Gabriela Quirós, the producer of the QUEST story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/843\" target=\"_blank\">\"Resurveying California's Wildlife – 100 Years Later\"\u003c/a>. The Museum is generally not open to the public, except on Cal Day, which is the University's annual open house celebration. Monica Albe, the Museum's bubbly Senior Museum Scientist, accompanied by her equally enthusiastic fellow scientist, Allison Shultz, gave us a tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Museum contains over 640,000 specimens of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals and 50,000 tissue samples that have been specially preserved since the turn of the last century. It's considered to be the largest university museum collection of its kind in the country. While it may even seem a bit disconcerting at first to see this enormous collection-- especially the specimens that have been stuffed to be appear more life-like-- the historical importance of the collection is tremendously significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the specimens were collected in the early 1900's by the Museum's first Director, \u003ca href=\"http://mvz.berkeley.edu/Grinnell.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Joseph Grinnell\u003c/a>, a zoologist who realized how quickly the environment was changing under the influence of human civilization. He set out to meticulously document various regions in California by amassing specimens and creating field notes, photographs, maps, letters and other archival materials. Grinnell understood how valuable this information would be in the years to come to future generations who wanted to learn more about our ever-evolving landscape. Present-day scientists are able to utilize this information for climate change research and can even extract DNA to perform genetic tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monica is the Museum's preparator and oversees its Specimen Preparation Laboratory for UC Berkeley students. Veterinary hospitals or park employees donate specimens for her and her students to work on and she has a special license that allows her to collect any roadkill that she finds. The Museum usually preps specimens in three ways in order for scientists to have several options of study available to the: anatomy and biology (specimens that are prepared with taxidermy methods), skeletons, and entire specimens preserved in fluid. Monica even has a collection of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermestidae\" target=\"_blank\">dermestid beetles\u003c/a> that help to completely clean the skeletons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/843\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/tv_icon_light.gif\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Watch the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/843\">\"Resurveying California's Wildlife 100 Years Later\" TV Story \u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources. Don't forget to \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/sets/72157604000266350/\" target=\"_blank\">see the behind-the-scenes photos\u003c/a> from this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Jenny Oh\u003c/strong> is an Associate Producer for QUEST on KQED Television.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8642 -122.286\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/535/producers-notes-resurveying-californias-wildlife-100-years-later","authors":["2100"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_13193","quest_13198","quest_1224","quest_3351","quest_1586","quest_1725","quest_2893","quest_3021"],"label":"quest"},"quest_407":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_407","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"407","score":null,"sort":[1202349052000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"discovery-of-a-new-species-a-giant-elephant-shrew","title":"Discovery of a New Species: A Giant Elephant-Shrew","publishDate":1202349052,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/02/blog_new_sengi.jpg\">\u003cem>newly discovered Rhynchocyon udzungwensis\u003cbr>\nthe grey-faced sengi\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Although enigmatic new species of insects are fairly common discoveries, many large animals have already made an appearance on the species list. Charismatic animals such as mammals are one of the most documented on the planet and it is now very rare to find a new species in this day and age. Yet in March 2006, Galen Rathbun of the California Academy of Sciences, along with Francesco Rovero of the Trento Musuem of Natural Science and a team of collaborators, confirmed a new mammal species - \u003cem>Rhynchocyon udzungwensis\u003c/em>, or the grey-faced sengi. Their discovery was recently published in the February 4 issue of The Journal of Zoology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sengis are commonly known as elephant-shrews. They were first associated with elephants because of their long flexible snouts that resemble that of an elephant's trunk. Moreover, recent molecular research has shown that sengis have more in common with elephants that the shrews they were originally associated with. Their closest relatives include elephants, sea cows, and the aardvark. Until now only 15 species of sengis were known to science. In 2005, the new sengi was first caught on film. Francesco Rovero of the Trento Museum of Natural Science had been setting up camera traps inside the remote Ndundulu Forest in Tanzania's Udzungwa Mountains in order to survey the region's forest mammals. When the camera recorded the unfamiliar sengi, he sent the photos to Rathbun for identification. Rathbun was sought after for his expertise - he has studied the ecology, social structure, and evolution of sengis for more than 30 years. Rathbun believed the sengi to be a new species and embarked on a two week expedition with a team of colleagues in March 2006 to confirm his belief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were a few setbacks confirming the new sengi species. Rathbun had planned their trip for the dry season but the rains came early making the shrew harder to spot. The size of the sengi also posed a problem as the traps that were brought proved too small for the giant sengi. The grey-faced sengis weigh close to 1.5 pounds which is 25 percent larger than any other documented sengi. Therefore, more traditional twine snares had to be built to contain the giant sengi. Victory prevailed and the team was able to catch 4 animals and make 40 observations thus confirming the new species. \"This is one of the most exciting discoveries of my career,\" Rathbun says. \"It is the first new species of giant elephant-shrew to be discovered in more that 126 years. From the moment I first lifted one of the animals into our photography tent, I knew it must be a new species - not just because of its distinct coloring, but because it was so heavy!\" More information about this expedition and other Academy expeditions can be found at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/expeditions/\">http://www.calacademy.org/academy/expeditions/\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_cata.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Cat Aboudara\u003c/strong> is the Special Projects Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and works in the public programs division. The Academy is a wonderful fit for her because of her curiosity about the natural world and her experience in working with native California wildlife.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1202349052,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":531},"headData":{"title":"Discovery of a New Species: A Giant Elephant-Shrew | KQED","description":"newly discovered Rhynchocyon udzungwensis the grey-faced sengiAlthough enigmatic new species of insects are fairly common discoveries, many large animals have already made an appearance on the species list. Charismatic animals such as mammals are one of the most documented on the planet and it is now very rare to find a new species in this","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"407 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/02/06/discovery-of-a-new-species-a-giant-elephant-shrew/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/02/06/discovery-of-a-new-species-a-giant-elephant-shrew/","disqusTitle":"Discovery of a New Species: A Giant Elephant-Shrew","path":"/quest/407/discovery-of-a-new-species-a-giant-elephant-shrew","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/02/blog_new_sengi.jpg\">\u003cem>newly discovered Rhynchocyon udzungwensis\u003cbr>\nthe grey-faced sengi\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Although enigmatic new species of insects are fairly common discoveries, many large animals have already made an appearance on the species list. Charismatic animals such as mammals are one of the most documented on the planet and it is now very rare to find a new species in this day and age. Yet in March 2006, Galen Rathbun of the California Academy of Sciences, along with Francesco Rovero of the Trento Musuem of Natural Science and a team of collaborators, confirmed a new mammal species - \u003cem>Rhynchocyon udzungwensis\u003c/em>, or the grey-faced sengi. Their discovery was recently published in the February 4 issue of The Journal of Zoology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sengis are commonly known as elephant-shrews. They were first associated with elephants because of their long flexible snouts that resemble that of an elephant's trunk. Moreover, recent molecular research has shown that sengis have more in common with elephants that the shrews they were originally associated with. Their closest relatives include elephants, sea cows, and the aardvark. Until now only 15 species of sengis were known to science. In 2005, the new sengi was first caught on film. Francesco Rovero of the Trento Museum of Natural Science had been setting up camera traps inside the remote Ndundulu Forest in Tanzania's Udzungwa Mountains in order to survey the region's forest mammals. When the camera recorded the unfamiliar sengi, he sent the photos to Rathbun for identification. Rathbun was sought after for his expertise - he has studied the ecology, social structure, and evolution of sengis for more than 30 years. Rathbun believed the sengi to be a new species and embarked on a two week expedition with a team of colleagues in March 2006 to confirm his belief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were a few setbacks confirming the new sengi species. Rathbun had planned their trip for the dry season but the rains came early making the shrew harder to spot. The size of the sengi also posed a problem as the traps that were brought proved too small for the giant sengi. The grey-faced sengis weigh close to 1.5 pounds which is 25 percent larger than any other documented sengi. Therefore, more traditional twine snares had to be built to contain the giant sengi. Victory prevailed and the team was able to catch 4 animals and make 40 observations thus confirming the new species. \"This is one of the most exciting discoveries of my career,\" Rathbun says. \"It is the first new species of giant elephant-shrew to be discovered in more that 126 years. From the moment I first lifted one of the animals into our photography tent, I knew it must be a new species - not just because of its distinct coloring, but because it was so heavy!\" More information about this expedition and other Academy expeditions can be found at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/expeditions/\">http://www.calacademy.org/academy/expeditions/\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_cata.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Cat Aboudara\u003c/strong> is the Special Projects Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and works in the public programs division. The Academy is a wonderful fit for her because of her curiosity about the natural world and her experience in working with native California wildlife.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/407/discovery-of-a-new-species-a-giant-elephant-shrew","authors":["10173"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_426","quest_462","quest_836","quest_963","quest_3351","quest_1586","quest_1725","quest_1984","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_2427","quest_2530","quest_2871"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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