Gliese 667 Cc: Musing the Possibilities of Another Earth
Is Anyone Out There?
Kepler 22B: Exoplanet Dress-up Doll
Should SETI Stop Looking?
Kepler's Smokin' Performance: Zero to 68 in 4 Months!
It's a Long, Long Way to Alderaan, but Kepler 10B is a Sight Closer
Kepler Spots Hundreds of Possible Planets
When a Cosmo's More Than a Cocktail: Yuri's Night at Cal Academy
Sponsored
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She grew up in a household that did not stress the importance of math and science. It was not until community college that she realized she liked math, and ended up transferring to the University of California, San Diego to pursue a degree in physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was a late bloomer,\" says Elisa. \"Because I didn't know what I wanted to do in life, it took me six years to complete my undergraduate work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elisa now works for NASA, studying planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am most interested in finding planets like Earth around other stars,\" says Elisa. \"Ones that have the right size and orbit to be able to sustain liquid water, a prerequisite for life as we know it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elisa spends a large portion of her time on her laptop, working on computer algorithms that can sift through massive amounts of data to locate planets that could potentially be habitable. She also works on computer models to simulate how these planets might have formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like I am lucky to live in an age where humans can actually start to answer the question of, 'Are we alone?'\", says Elisa.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1467224894,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":210},"headData":{"title":"Career Spotlight: The Planet-Searching Physicist | KQED","description":"Growing up in a small town in New Mexico, Elisa Quintana didn't even think about science. She grew up in a household that did not stress the importance of math and science. It was not until community college that she realized she liked math, and ended up transferring to the University of California, San Diego to","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Career Spotlight: The Planet-Searching Physicist","datePublished":"2016-01-08T01:25:05.000Z","dateModified":"2016-06-29T18:28:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"110831 http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/?p=110831","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/01/07/career-spotlight-the-planet-searching-physicist/","disqusTitle":"Career Spotlight: The Planet-Searching Physicist","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/iaHIr5xAHn8","path":"/quest/110831/career-spotlight-the-planet-searching-physicist","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Growing up in a small town in New Mexico, Elisa Quintana didn't even think about science. She grew up in a household that did not stress the importance of math and science. It was not until community college that she realized she liked math, and ended up transferring to the University of California, San Diego to pursue a degree in physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was a late bloomer,\" says Elisa. \"Because I didn't know what I wanted to do in life, it took me six years to complete my undergraduate work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elisa now works for NASA, studying planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am most interested in finding planets like Earth around other stars,\" says Elisa. \"Ones that have the right size and orbit to be able to sustain liquid water, a prerequisite for life as we know it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elisa spends a large portion of her time on her laptop, working on computer algorithms that can sift through massive amounts of data to locate planets that could potentially be habitable. She also works on computer models to simulate how these planets might have formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like I am lucky to live in an age where humans can actually start to answer the question of, 'Are we alone?'\", says Elisa.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/110831/career-spotlight-the-planet-searching-physicist","authors":["10621"],"series":["quest_13374"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_13128","quest_1564","quest_1920","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_110832","label":"quest_13374"},"quest_51156":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_51156","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"51156","score":null,"sort":[1363966401000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gliese-667-cc-musing-the-possibilities-of-another-earth","title":"Gliese 667 Cc: Musing the Possibilities of Another Earth","publishDate":1363966401,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Welcome to Gliese 667 Cc. We hope you enjoy your vacation stay on this amazing planet. You have traveled 23 light years from Earth, but the wonders you will witness are well worth the trip.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could happen, sometime in the future. Maybe. In the meantime, let's read the travel brochure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Discovered long ago, in 2009, Gliese 667 Cc, as it was originally named, is a model of how un-Earth-like an Earth-like planet can be. First, you may notice that you've put on a few pounds under this super-Earth's greater gravity. You may also think you're losing your sight, since this planet's dim red dwarf sun shines only a fraction of the visible light Earth's Sun does. Finally, as promised, your vacation here will last an entire year and hopefully you read the fine print that this planet's year is only four weeks long. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, back to reality. It's 2013, we do not (yet) have luxury cruisers warping people to other worlds, and we still haven't set foot on another planet. In fact, it's been less than two decades since we detected the first actual extrasolar planet (aka, exoplanet; planets orbiting stars other than our sun). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, since that first exoplanet was found in 1992, we've made some decent progress in exploring other worlds out there, and may even be \u003ca href=\"http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/\" title=\"Planetquest Search for another Earth\" target=\"_blank\">zeroing in on that \"other Earth.\"\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the count of confirmed exoplanets stands somewhere around 867, with another 2900 or so \"candidates\" whose existence is waiting to be confirmed. And over 2700 of those candidates were brought to our attention within the past three years by \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\" title=\"NASA Kepler Mission\" target=\"_blank\">NASA's Kepler mission\u003c/a>, whose goal is to find Earthlike planets—Earthlike, in terms of size and habitability potential. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that mix are seven planets currently touted as potentially habitable—habitable to life as we know it, at least, with conditions that are friendly to the presence of liquid water. It should be noted that this is what scientists mean by \u003ca href=\"http://phl.upr.edu/\" title=\"Planet Habitability Laboratory\" target=\"_blank\">habitability\u003c/a>: conditions such that liquid water could exist, given an adequate atmosphere and an abundance of water molecules. This definition does not require that a human being could survive in that environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back to Gliese 667 Cc. One of three exoplanets (two confirmed, one candidate) orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 667 C (one of three stars in a triple star system), this one rates highly on the habitability scale (meaning we can imagine there being oceans, a water cycle, and potentially life), but at the same time is strikingly different in several ways to that prototype of Earthlike planets, Earth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a \"super-Earth\", meaning, as you might expect, bigger than Earth: estimated at 4.8 times the mass of Earth. Depending on its diameter, that could mean surface gravity notably greater than what we're used to: things weigh more, rain falls faster, landscapes are sculpted with a heavier hand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It orbits within its star's habitable zone—the proper distance so that water can be in liquid form—but since that star is a red dwarf, and much fainter than the Sun, that proper distance is much closer, about a tenth the Earth-Sun distance. Being so close to its star, Gliese 667 Cc only takes about 28 days to complete an orbit and mark its own year. Imagine a birthday party every month! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has also been suggested that, since this super-Earth is so close to its star, it is probably tidally locked, rotating only once per revolution and keeping the same face toward its star at all times. This would give Gliese 667 Cc a \"day\" hemisphere and a \"night\" hemisphere, so you could choose the time of day you like and stick with it. It would also likely mean a perpetually hot side and a perpetually cold side—unless a thick, Venus-like atmosphere exists that might keep surface temperatures globally similar. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between these extremes, in the twilight zone between day and night, perhaps would be a perpetually temperate ring bounded on one side by a cold dark vastness of hemi-global ice sheets and a vast realm of sweltering sauna lands and hot-tub oceans--something for every type of vacationer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And one has to wonder what kind of weather patterns would develop on this schizoid super-Earth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such we can imagine. We don't know if Gliese 667 Cc has oceans, or what kind of an atmosphere—if any—it might possess. All we really know is its super-Earth status and location within its star's habitable zone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps we'll learn other details in the future that will help us paint a more realistic picture of this exoplanet and get working on that travel brochure. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Since the first extra-solar planet was found in 1992, we've made some decent progress in exploring other worlds out there, and may even be zeroing in on that \"other Earth.\" ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442787406,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":808},"headData":{"title":"Gliese 667 Cc: Musing the Possibilities of Another Earth | KQED","description":"Since the first extra-solar planet was found in 1992, we've made some decent progress in exploring other worlds out there, and may even be zeroing in on that "other Earth." ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Gliese 667 Cc: Musing the Possibilities of Another Earth","datePublished":"2013-03-22T15:33:21.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-20T22:16:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"51156 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=51156","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/22/gliese-667-cc-musing-the-possibilities-of-another-earth/","disqusTitle":"Gliese 667 Cc: Musing the Possibilities of Another Earth","path":"/quest/51156/gliese-667-cc-musing-the-possibilities-of-another-earth","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Welcome to Gliese 667 Cc. We hope you enjoy your vacation stay on this amazing planet. You have traveled 23 light years from Earth, but the wonders you will witness are well worth the trip.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could happen, sometime in the future. Maybe. In the meantime, let's read the travel brochure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Discovered long ago, in 2009, Gliese 667 Cc, as it was originally named, is a model of how un-Earth-like an Earth-like planet can be. First, you may notice that you've put on a few pounds under this super-Earth's greater gravity. You may also think you're losing your sight, since this planet's dim red dwarf sun shines only a fraction of the visible light Earth's Sun does. Finally, as promised, your vacation here will last an entire year and hopefully you read the fine print that this planet's year is only four weeks long. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, back to reality. It's 2013, we do not (yet) have luxury cruisers warping people to other worlds, and we still haven't set foot on another planet. In fact, it's been less than two decades since we detected the first actual extrasolar planet (aka, exoplanet; planets orbiting stars other than our sun). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, since that first exoplanet was found in 1992, we've made some decent progress in exploring other worlds out there, and may even be \u003ca href=\"http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/\" title=\"Planetquest Search for another Earth\" target=\"_blank\">zeroing in on that \"other Earth.\"\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the count of confirmed exoplanets stands somewhere around 867, with another 2900 or so \"candidates\" whose existence is waiting to be confirmed. And over 2700 of those candidates were brought to our attention within the past three years by \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\" title=\"NASA Kepler Mission\" target=\"_blank\">NASA's Kepler mission\u003c/a>, whose goal is to find Earthlike planets—Earthlike, in terms of size and habitability potential. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that mix are seven planets currently touted as potentially habitable—habitable to life as we know it, at least, with conditions that are friendly to the presence of liquid water. It should be noted that this is what scientists mean by \u003ca href=\"http://phl.upr.edu/\" title=\"Planet Habitability Laboratory\" target=\"_blank\">habitability\u003c/a>: conditions such that liquid water could exist, given an adequate atmosphere and an abundance of water molecules. This definition does not require that a human being could survive in that environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back to Gliese 667 Cc. One of three exoplanets (two confirmed, one candidate) orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 667 C (one of three stars in a triple star system), this one rates highly on the habitability scale (meaning we can imagine there being oceans, a water cycle, and potentially life), but at the same time is strikingly different in several ways to that prototype of Earthlike planets, Earth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a \"super-Earth\", meaning, as you might expect, bigger than Earth: estimated at 4.8 times the mass of Earth. Depending on its diameter, that could mean surface gravity notably greater than what we're used to: things weigh more, rain falls faster, landscapes are sculpted with a heavier hand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It orbits within its star's habitable zone—the proper distance so that water can be in liquid form—but since that star is a red dwarf, and much fainter than the Sun, that proper distance is much closer, about a tenth the Earth-Sun distance. Being so close to its star, Gliese 667 Cc only takes about 28 days to complete an orbit and mark its own year. Imagine a birthday party every month! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has also been suggested that, since this super-Earth is so close to its star, it is probably tidally locked, rotating only once per revolution and keeping the same face toward its star at all times. This would give Gliese 667 Cc a \"day\" hemisphere and a \"night\" hemisphere, so you could choose the time of day you like and stick with it. It would also likely mean a perpetually hot side and a perpetually cold side—unless a thick, Venus-like atmosphere exists that might keep surface temperatures globally similar. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between these extremes, in the twilight zone between day and night, perhaps would be a perpetually temperate ring bounded on one side by a cold dark vastness of hemi-global ice sheets and a vast realm of sweltering sauna lands and hot-tub oceans--something for every type of vacationer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And one has to wonder what kind of weather patterns would develop on this schizoid super-Earth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such we can imagine. We don't know if Gliese 667 Cc has oceans, or what kind of an atmosphere—if any—it might possess. All we really know is its super-Earth status and location within its star's habitable zone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps we'll learn other details in the future that will help us paint a more realistic picture of this exoplanet and get working on that travel brochure. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/51156/gliese-667-cc-musing-the-possibilities-of-another-earth","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_11852","quest_11853","quest_544","quest_1037","quest_11854","quest_11851","quest_1564","quest_1918","quest_2216","quest_13","quest_11855"],"featImg":"quest_51157","label":"quest"},"quest_35189":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_35189","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"35189","score":null,"sort":[1334343634000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-anyone-out-there","title":"Is Anyone Out There?","publishDate":1334343634,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Is Anyone Out There? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/04/2012-04-16-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35209\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/KEPLER22.jpg\" alt=\"Artist's concept of mini planetary system found by Kepler. Credit: NASA\" title=\"Artist's concept of mini planetary system. Credit: NASA\" width=\"640\" height=\"394\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35209\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/KEPLER22.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/KEPLER22-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist's concept of mini planetary system. Credit: NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s planet-hunting Kepler space telescope \u003c/a>has been given more time to look for life-supporting planets outside our own solar system. The project, which has found more than 2,000 planets since it was launched in 2009, recently edged out several popular space programs to secure an extension in funding. Geoff Marcy is one of the world’s most prolific planet hunters. He’s an astronomer at UC Berkeley and works on the Kepler project. KQED’s Andrea Kissack asked him for an update and his thoughts on the odds that the project may help find life somewhere else in the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met with Marcy in his office in the astronomy building on the south side of UC Berkeley. If anyone is going to find alien life, it will be Marcy. He has spotted more extra solar planets than most astronomers and he now has taken on yet another project as the new chair of \u003ca href=\"http://seti.berkeley.edu/\">the SETI program at UC Berkeley\u003c/a>. Marcy sees his work with Kepler, and the ground based radio receivers of SETI, dovetailing nicely. As the Kepler project continues to find earth like planets, the next step, he says, will be to see if there are intelligent civilizations out there. The way to do that, Marcy says, is to use Kepler to narrow down the choices and then use SETI to point radio receivers at those specific planets, rather than just listening to broad swaths of the sky. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Planet hunters enter a new phase in their search for extra solar planets and alien life.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684973824,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":274},"headData":{"title":"Is Anyone Out There? | KQED","description":"Planet hunters enter a new phase in their search for extra solar planets and alien life.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is Anyone Out There?","datePublished":"2012-04-13T19:00:34.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:17:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/35189/is-anyone-out-there","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/04/2012-04-16-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/04/2012-04-16-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35209\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/KEPLER22.jpg\" alt=\"Artist's concept of mini planetary system found by Kepler. Credit: NASA\" title=\"Artist's concept of mini planetary system. Credit: NASA\" width=\"640\" height=\"394\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35209\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/KEPLER22.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/KEPLER22-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist's concept of mini planetary system. Credit: NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s planet-hunting Kepler space telescope \u003c/a>has been given more time to look for life-supporting planets outside our own solar system. The project, which has found more than 2,000 planets since it was launched in 2009, recently edged out several popular space programs to secure an extension in funding. Geoff Marcy is one of the world’s most prolific planet hunters. He’s an astronomer at UC Berkeley and works on the Kepler project. KQED’s Andrea Kissack asked him for an update and his thoughts on the odds that the project may help find life somewhere else in the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met with Marcy in his office in the astronomy building on the south side of UC Berkeley. If anyone is going to find alien life, it will be Marcy. He has spotted more extra solar planets than most astronomers and he now has taken on yet another project as the new chair of \u003ca href=\"http://seti.berkeley.edu/\">the SETI program at UC Berkeley\u003c/a>. Marcy sees his work with Kepler, and the ground based radio receivers of SETI, dovetailing nicely. As the Kepler project continues to find earth like planets, the next step, he says, will be to see if there are intelligent civilizations out there. The way to do that, Marcy says, is to use Kepler to narrow down the choices and then use SETI to point radio receivers at those specific planets, rather than just listening to broad swaths of the sky. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/35189/is-anyone-out-there","authors":["212"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_10974","quest_252","quest_10973","quest_10972","quest_1564","quest_1918","quest_13203","quest_13","quest_10971"],"featImg":"quest_35209","label":"quest"},"quest_28420":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_28420","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"28420","score":null,"sort":[1324051227000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kepler-22b-exoplanet-dress-up-doll","title":"Kepler 22B: Exoplanet Dress-up Doll ","publishDate":1324051227,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28422\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/16/kepler-22b-exoplanet-dress-up-doll/kepler22b/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-28422\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/kepler22b.jpg\" alt=\"Kepler 22B compared to the solar terrestrial planets\" title=\"Kepler 22B compared to the solar terrestrial planets\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/kepler22b.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/kepler22b-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kepler 22B compared to the solar terrestrial planets\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's 600 light years from Earth, orbits a star very similar to our Sun in a period of about 290 days, and has a diameter about two and a half times that of Earth. What is it? It's the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepscicon-briefing.html\" target=\"_blank\">NASA Kepler mission's most recent exciting confirmed discovery\u003c/a>, the extrasolar-planet (exoplanet) Kepler 22B. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another real, Earth-sized planet to imagine? Cool! I'm on it….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's fun to play around with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/dec/09/kepler-22-b-helliconia-new-earth-nasa?newsfeed=true\" target=\"_blank\">planetary possibilities\u003c/a>, as science fiction writers have done for decades, but having a real find out there to pin our thoughts on is something more. On that blank ball-shaped canvass we can paint whatever atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere--and who knows, biosphere?--we care to imagine, at least until scientific observation starts to fill in those details. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Kepler 22B offers something more to our fancy than a mere Earthoid dress-up doll. Being somewhat larger than our world, though still smaller than a Neptune or a Uranus, places it in the category of \"super-Earth,\" a type of planet that we have very little experience with. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do we know of Kepler 22B beyond the barebone figures revealed by the Kepler spacecraft? In a word, not much. Kepler—a really big camera orbiting the Sun and staring at a patch of 150,000 or so stars in the constellation Cygnus—was designed to detect the presence of Earth-like exoplanets. Using the \"transit\" method of exoplanet detection, Kepler watches unblinkingly for the slight dimming of a star's light as one of its planets \"transits,\" or moves across, its face. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dimming can tell us exactly three things: the approximate diameter of the planet by how much of the star's light is blocked, the orbital period of the planet by how often it transits, and the distance between the planet and its star (because once you know the orbital period, you can calculate that distance--or \u003ca href=\"http://www.calctool.org/CALC/phys/astronomy/planet_orbit\" target=\"_blank\">visa versa\u003c/a>--as long as you know the mass of the star the planet orbits…which we do). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being relatively close to the size of the Earth makes Kepler 22B an important find, but maybe more important is the fact of the planet's distance from its star. Kepler's mission isn't merely to find Earth-sized planets, but ones that are within their stars' habitable zones: the right distance so that, given a sufficient atmosphere, liquid water could exist on their surfaces. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler 22B is at that correct distance. Though it is closer to its star than Earth is from the Sun, that star is slightly cooler than the Sun, so its habitable zone is closer in. (Earth is obviously in the Sun's habitable zone; if you're not sure, go get yourself a glass of water.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back to what we know, and don't know, about Kepler 22B. Not having a super-Earth in our own Solar System, we don't have an up-close example to study. Is it like Earth, a rocky sphere from the core right up to the visible surface, with an apple-peel thin layer of gas and liquid on top? Or is it more like Uranus, with a solid core deep down with massive layers of fluid and gas upholstered around it? Or something between?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't know. Future observations may reveal more about this planet, and others. One day we might know more about Kepler 22B's atmosphere (if it has one) through spectroscopic measurements. If we can make a measurement of the planet's mass, we could calculate its average density and better place it on the spectrum between super-Earth and infra-Uranus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Were we to travel there, could we land, step outside and breathe the air (as well as strain under a super-Earth's gravity)? Would we sink into the fluid envelope around the hidden core, falling to ever greater depths and atmospheric pressure? Would we find ourselves surrounded by human-sized chimpanzees? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That adventure is yet far in the future…but a lot of fun to imagine in the meantime….\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's 600 light years from Earth, orbits a star very similar to our Sun in a period of about 290 days, and has a diameter about two and a half times that of Earth. What is it? It's the NASA Kepler mission's most recent exciting confirmed discovery, the extrasolar-planet Kepler 22B. \r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371059867,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":698},"headData":{"title":"Kepler 22B: Exoplanet Dress-up Doll | KQED","description":"It's 600 light years from Earth, orbits a star very similar to our Sun in a period of about 290 days, and has a diameter about two and a half times that of Earth. What is it? It's the NASA Kepler mission's most recent exciting confirmed discovery, the extrasolar-planet Kepler 22B. \r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Kepler 22B: Exoplanet Dress-up Doll ","datePublished":"2011-12-16T16:00:27.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T17:57:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28420 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=28420","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/16/kepler-22b-exoplanet-dress-up-doll/","disqusTitle":"Kepler 22B: Exoplanet Dress-up Doll ","path":"/quest/28420/kepler-22b-exoplanet-dress-up-doll","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28422\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/12/16/kepler-22b-exoplanet-dress-up-doll/kepler22b/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-28422\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/kepler22b.jpg\" alt=\"Kepler 22B compared to the solar terrestrial planets\" title=\"Kepler 22B compared to the solar terrestrial planets\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/kepler22b.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/12/kepler22b-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kepler 22B compared to the solar terrestrial planets\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's 600 light years from Earth, orbits a star very similar to our Sun in a period of about 290 days, and has a diameter about two and a half times that of Earth. What is it? It's the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepscicon-briefing.html\" target=\"_blank\">NASA Kepler mission's most recent exciting confirmed discovery\u003c/a>, the extrasolar-planet (exoplanet) Kepler 22B. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another real, Earth-sized planet to imagine? Cool! I'm on it….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's fun to play around with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/dec/09/kepler-22-b-helliconia-new-earth-nasa?newsfeed=true\" target=\"_blank\">planetary possibilities\u003c/a>, as science fiction writers have done for decades, but having a real find out there to pin our thoughts on is something more. On that blank ball-shaped canvass we can paint whatever atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere--and who knows, biosphere?--we care to imagine, at least until scientific observation starts to fill in those details. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Kepler 22B offers something more to our fancy than a mere Earthoid dress-up doll. Being somewhat larger than our world, though still smaller than a Neptune or a Uranus, places it in the category of \"super-Earth,\" a type of planet that we have very little experience with. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do we know of Kepler 22B beyond the barebone figures revealed by the Kepler spacecraft? In a word, not much. Kepler—a really big camera orbiting the Sun and staring at a patch of 150,000 or so stars in the constellation Cygnus—was designed to detect the presence of Earth-like exoplanets. Using the \"transit\" method of exoplanet detection, Kepler watches unblinkingly for the slight dimming of a star's light as one of its planets \"transits,\" or moves across, its face. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dimming can tell us exactly three things: the approximate diameter of the planet by how much of the star's light is blocked, the orbital period of the planet by how often it transits, and the distance between the planet and its star (because once you know the orbital period, you can calculate that distance--or \u003ca href=\"http://www.calctool.org/CALC/phys/astronomy/planet_orbit\" target=\"_blank\">visa versa\u003c/a>--as long as you know the mass of the star the planet orbits…which we do). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being relatively close to the size of the Earth makes Kepler 22B an important find, but maybe more important is the fact of the planet's distance from its star. Kepler's mission isn't merely to find Earth-sized planets, but ones that are within their stars' habitable zones: the right distance so that, given a sufficient atmosphere, liquid water could exist on their surfaces. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler 22B is at that correct distance. Though it is closer to its star than Earth is from the Sun, that star is slightly cooler than the Sun, so its habitable zone is closer in. (Earth is obviously in the Sun's habitable zone; if you're not sure, go get yourself a glass of water.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back to what we know, and don't know, about Kepler 22B. Not having a super-Earth in our own Solar System, we don't have an up-close example to study. Is it like Earth, a rocky sphere from the core right up to the visible surface, with an apple-peel thin layer of gas and liquid on top? Or is it more like Uranus, with a solid core deep down with massive layers of fluid and gas upholstered around it? Or something between?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't know. Future observations may reveal more about this planet, and others. One day we might know more about Kepler 22B's atmosphere (if it has one) through spectroscopic measurements. If we can make a measurement of the planet's mass, we could calculate its average density and better place it on the spectrum between super-Earth and infra-Uranus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Were we to travel there, could we land, step outside and breathe the air (as well as strain under a super-Earth's gravity)? Would we sink into the fluid envelope around the hidden core, falling to ever greater depths and atmospheric pressure? Would we find ourselves surrounded by human-sized chimpanzees? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That adventure is yet far in the future…but a lot of fun to imagine in the meantime….\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/28420/kepler-22b-exoplanet-dress-up-doll","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_10550","quest_13192","quest_544","quest_1037","quest_1050","quest_1564","quest_1918","quest_13202"],"label":"quest"},"quest_19223":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19223","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19223","score":null,"sort":[1304725261000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"should-seti-stop-looking","title":"Should SETI Stop Looking?","publishDate":1304725261,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/radio5-31_array300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array near Redding, California\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a certain type of person to devote an entire career to chasing something she'’ll probably never find. One such person is Jill Tarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the director for SETI Research at the SETI institute in Mountain View, California. She’s also the inspiration for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmSYXbgcozY\">Jodi Foster character\u003c/a> in the 1997 movie Contact, based on the book by Carl Sagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In real life, Jill Tarter’s career at SETI has been a lot less momentous. In her 60s now, with her gray hair in a short, no-nonsense cut, Tarter says she knows she may not hear a signal from intelligent extra-terrestrials in her lifetime. “I don’t know whether anyone will ever find a signal,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[audio:http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-09-quest.mp3]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">Is it Time for SETI to Stop Looking?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Back when Tarter joined SETI, the project was funded by NASA. But that support ended in 1993. Since then, she and others have spent almost as much time searching for money as they have searching for ET. Three years ago, SETI celebrated what felt like a turning point: the opening of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/seti-the-new-search-for-et\">Allen Telescope Array\u003c/a>, near Redding, California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SETI's powerful new tool\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Allen Array, Tarter and other SETI scientists took their equipment around the world, borrowing time from telescopes owned by other institutions. But with Allen, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/ata\">constructed \u003c/a>with money from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and is jointly managed with the University of California, Berkeley, SETI scientists could scan the skies full-time, hoping a clear, tell-tale radio signal would distinguish itself from the universe’s background hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look,” says Tarter, “for signals that are compressed in frequency. Because nature doesn’t do that, technology does.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the first to admit that this may never work. She says SETI is searching the cosmic haystack for a needle that might not even exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Zuckerman, a professor of astronomy at UCLA, is skeptical humans will ever find intelligent extra-terrestrials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly I don’t think technological ETs exist in our Milky Way galaxy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/31_05/zuckerman.html\">says Zuckerman\u003c/a>. “Or if they do, they’re very, very scarce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman didn’t always feel this way. In grad school, he studied with Carl Sagan. He even worked on some of the early radio searches back in the 1970s. But then he started to have doubts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there are so many technological civilizations out there, and they’re so far in advance of our own technological civilization, then why haven’t they found us?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the problem of timing. If intelligent ETs are out there, what are the odds that their signals would reach Earth at the precise moment in cosmic history that we happen to be listening? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NASA's Kepler Mission delivers new targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, something happened that gave critics new hope: \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Mission\u003c/a>, a program designed to survey the Milky Way galaxy in search of Earth-size and smaller planets, delivered its results. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">found what it was looking for\u003c/a>: More than a thousand planets orbiting distant stars like our sun. Dozens of them are thought to be roughly Earth-sized. Of those, some may turn out to have climates that could be hospitable to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dimitar Sasselov directs Harvard’s Origins of Life Initiative and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/talks/dimitar_sasselov_how_we_found_hundreds_of_potential_earth_like_planets.html\">is also a member of the Kepler team\u003c/a>. He says Kepler has given SETI something it never had before: targets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where we should be looking for the signals coming from other civilizations,” says Sasselov, referring to the so-called Kepler planets. “SETI is already in possession of this list.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April, that list has been filed away for future use. SETI’s Allen Telescope Array is \u003ca href=\"http://archive.seti.org/pdfs/ATA-hibernation.pdf\">officially in “hibernation.”\u003c/a> Tight budgets at the state and federal level have left UC Berkeley without enough money to operate the telescopes. Sasselov says it’s a shame. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our only shot to listen for such signals,” he says. “When the array is down, we are blind and we are deaf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> The \"longest long shot\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Tarter says it would cost $5 million and two years to systematically go through the Kepler planets, listening for radio signals produced by an intelligent civilization. She’s looking for private money to make it happen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Ben Zuckerman, the UCLA skeptic, believes that’s a small price to pay. “Given that the costs are not very high,” he says, “why not continue the search?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman says it’s a long shot. Maybe the longest long shot in the history of science. But the payoff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The payoff, one could argue, is the most important science discovery of all time.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone, and hundreds of billions of galaxies. Tarter says someday, it may make sense to stop looking, to come to what she calls the “extraordinary conclusion” that we really are alone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t an impossible conclusion,” says Tarter. “That may be the answer. But it certainly isn’t time to draw that conclusion. Let’s search a little more. A lot more, actually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 40.791111 -121.504722\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Of all the questions in science, few have haunted humans as persistently as this: Are we alone? For more than 50 years, scientists have listened for a signal from intelligent life on other planets... and come up empty. Now, they're running short of money. Is it time to give up?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371060986,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":937},"headData":{"title":"Should SETI Stop Looking? | KQED","description":"Of all the questions in science, few have haunted humans as persistently as this: Are we alone? For more than 50 years, scientists have listened for a signal from intelligent life on other planets... and come up empty. Now, they're running short of money. Is it time to give up?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Should SETI Stop Looking?","datePublished":"2011-05-06T23:41:01.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T18:16:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19223 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/05/06/should-seti-stop-looking/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/06/should-seti-stop-looking/","disqusTitle":"Should SETI Stop Looking?","path":"/quest/19223/should-seti-stop-looking","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-09-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/radio5-31_array300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array near Redding, California\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a certain type of person to devote an entire career to chasing something she'’ll probably never find. One such person is Jill Tarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the director for SETI Research at the SETI institute in Mountain View, California. She’s also the inspiration for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmSYXbgcozY\">Jodi Foster character\u003c/a> in the 1997 movie Contact, based on the book by Carl Sagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In real life, Jill Tarter’s career at SETI has been a lot less momentous. In her 60s now, with her gray hair in a short, no-nonsense cut, Tarter says she knows she may not hear a signal from intelligent extra-terrestrials in her lifetime. “I don’t know whether anyone will ever find a signal,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"label":":http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-09-quest.mp3"},"numeric":[":http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-09-quest.mp3"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">Is it Time for SETI to Stop Looking?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Back when Tarter joined SETI, the project was funded by NASA. But that support ended in 1993. Since then, she and others have spent almost as much time searching for money as they have searching for ET. Three years ago, SETI celebrated what felt like a turning point: the opening of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/seti-the-new-search-for-et\">Allen Telescope Array\u003c/a>, near Redding, California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SETI's powerful new tool\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Allen Array, Tarter and other SETI scientists took their equipment around the world, borrowing time from telescopes owned by other institutions. But with Allen, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/ata\">constructed \u003c/a>with money from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and is jointly managed with the University of California, Berkeley, SETI scientists could scan the skies full-time, hoping a clear, tell-tale radio signal would distinguish itself from the universe’s background hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look,” says Tarter, “for signals that are compressed in frequency. Because nature doesn’t do that, technology does.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the first to admit that this may never work. She says SETI is searching the cosmic haystack for a needle that might not even exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Zuckerman, a professor of astronomy at UCLA, is skeptical humans will ever find intelligent extra-terrestrials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly I don’t think technological ETs exist in our Milky Way galaxy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/31_05/zuckerman.html\">says Zuckerman\u003c/a>. “Or if they do, they’re very, very scarce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman didn’t always feel this way. In grad school, he studied with Carl Sagan. He even worked on some of the early radio searches back in the 1970s. But then he started to have doubts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there are so many technological civilizations out there, and they’re so far in advance of our own technological civilization, then why haven’t they found us?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the problem of timing. If intelligent ETs are out there, what are the odds that their signals would reach Earth at the precise moment in cosmic history that we happen to be listening? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NASA's Kepler Mission delivers new targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, something happened that gave critics new hope: \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Mission\u003c/a>, a program designed to survey the Milky Way galaxy in search of Earth-size and smaller planets, delivered its results. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">found what it was looking for\u003c/a>: More than a thousand planets orbiting distant stars like our sun. Dozens of them are thought to be roughly Earth-sized. Of those, some may turn out to have climates that could be hospitable to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dimitar Sasselov directs Harvard’s Origins of Life Initiative and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/talks/dimitar_sasselov_how_we_found_hundreds_of_potential_earth_like_planets.html\">is also a member of the Kepler team\u003c/a>. He says Kepler has given SETI something it never had before: targets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where we should be looking for the signals coming from other civilizations,” says Sasselov, referring to the so-called Kepler planets. “SETI is already in possession of this list.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April, that list has been filed away for future use. SETI’s Allen Telescope Array is \u003ca href=\"http://archive.seti.org/pdfs/ATA-hibernation.pdf\">officially in “hibernation.”\u003c/a> Tight budgets at the state and federal level have left UC Berkeley without enough money to operate the telescopes. Sasselov says it’s a shame. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our only shot to listen for such signals,” he says. “When the array is down, we are blind and we are deaf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> The \"longest long shot\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Tarter says it would cost $5 million and two years to systematically go through the Kepler planets, listening for radio signals produced by an intelligent civilization. She’s looking for private money to make it happen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Ben Zuckerman, the UCLA skeptic, believes that’s a small price to pay. “Given that the costs are not very high,” he says, “why not continue the search?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman says it’s a long shot. Maybe the longest long shot in the history of science. But the payoff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The payoff, one could argue, is the most important science discovery of all time.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone, and hundreds of billions of galaxies. Tarter says someday, it may make sense to stop looking, to come to what she calls the “extraordinary conclusion” that we really are alone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t an impossible conclusion,” says Tarter. “That may be the answer. But it certainly isn’t time to draw that conclusion. Let’s search a little more. A lot more, actually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 40.791111 -121.504722\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19223/should-seti-stop-looking","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_3452","quest_13192","quest_252","quest_3480","quest_3544","quest_3626","quest_1564","quest_3351","quest_13203","quest_2349","quest_3762"],"featImg":"quest_14304","label":"quest"},"quest_12099":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_12099","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"12099","score":null,"sort":[1297443641000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kepler%e2%80%99s-smokin%e2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months","title":"Kepler's Smokin' Performance: Zero to 68 in 4 Months!","publishDate":1297443641,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/513899main_Slide05_full.gif\">\u003cem>Kepler's patch of sky (one four hundredth of the total sky) filled\u003cbr> with possible planets. Credit: NASA/Kepler\u003cbr>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I heard that NASA was holding a press conference to make a major announcement from findings by the Kepler mission—a “historic” announcement, as was alluded to by a trusted expert source—the first thing I thought was, “Kepler has found its Holy Grail: an Earth-sized planet orbiting a Sun-like star within the Habitable Zone!” I mean, what else could it be?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the first panelist started by saying that finding and confirming an Earth-sized planet in a habitable zone is of course what we want to do…, I thought I was going to be disappointed (because that, of course, is what I wanted to hear, and it didn’t sound like the talk was going that way). Had Kepler merely detected a Grail-shaped beacon—a potential, but not confirmed, exo-Earth? A “candidate”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two minutes later the threatened disappointment washed away, and I was reassured that the news was in fact big and I was in fact witnessing history….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The frame of the announcement were the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepler_data_release.html\">results from Kepler’s first 4 months of observations\u003c/a>, from May to September in 2009. At the time of launch, a couple hundred extra-solar planets had been detected, over the previous two decades, by ground-based observatories. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in 2010, NASA released some of the results from the initial observations: about 400 candidate worlds, mostly the big “hot Jupiter” planets (big balls of gas close to their stars, “easy” to detect) of the ilk that were being discovered monthly through ground based observations. Along with this announcement it was stated that a batch of Kepler data was being “embargoed” (or sequestered) to give Kepler scientists time to analyze it in more detail and make additional observations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2010 NASA announced the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/01/14/its-a-long-long-way-to-alderaan-but-kepler-10b-is-a-sight-closer/\">discovery of Kepler 10b\u003c/a>, the first bonafide Earth-size rocky planet detection—albeit a red-hot lump of rock that orbits its star in less than a day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtain lifts; drumroll please.... In Kepler’s first 4 months of staring at its target patch of sky in the constellation Cygnus, fully 1235 (with a capital T) candidate planets wink at us from the transit data—and after dusting away the “chaff” of hot-Jupiters and super-Jupiters, what’s left may be the very jewels Kepler set out to find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1235 candidate planets (candidates because they still need to be confirmed—though Kepler scientists have said they believe 80-90% of them will turn out to be real planets, and not spurious blips in the data), 68 of them are approximately Earth-sized (some larger, some smaller, some spot on), and of those, 5 orbit their stars within the Habitable Zone: the right distance for sunlight to enable liquid water to exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five worlds with the right proportions of material and heat to make the porridge “just right”! Awesome! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is not counting the “Avatar effect”: 49 other candidates found within habitable zones range in size from “super-Earths” all the way up to “super-Jupiters”—any of which could theoretically possess one or more moons of near-Earth stature, which would place those moons within habitable zones as well. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My head’s still reeling. What’s next? Will Kepler produce pictures of worlds with oceans, continents, and shorelines—or maybe 12-foot tall blue aliens? Is it time to start drafting a charter for a United Federation of Planets? Not yet.... \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler was designed to do one thing: find Earth-sized worlds at water-friendly distances from their stars—and pending confirming follow-up observations, it may already have wildly outperformed NASA’s expectations on that front. Another two or so years of observations will be required for confirmations, but that’s only another Superbowl or two. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing is clear to me: From now on when I go out at night and look up at the sky, I won’t see stars; I’ll see planets. Lots of them….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA's Kepler mission announces the results from its first four months of observations: 1235 possible planets around other stars!","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371063948,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":729},"headData":{"title":"Kepler's Smokin' Performance: Zero to 68 in 4 Months! | KQED","description":"NASA's Kepler mission announces the results from its first four months of observations: 1235 possible planets around other stars!","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Kepler's Smokin' Performance: Zero to 68 in 4 Months!","datePublished":"2011-02-11T17:00:41.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T19:05:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"12099 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=12099","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%e2%80%99s-smokin%e2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/","disqusTitle":"Kepler's Smokin' Performance: Zero to 68 in 4 Months!","path":"/quest/12099/kepler%e2%80%99s-smokin%e2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/513899main_Slide05_full.gif\">\u003cem>Kepler's patch of sky (one four hundredth of the total sky) filled\u003cbr> with possible planets. Credit: NASA/Kepler\u003cbr>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I heard that NASA was holding a press conference to make a major announcement from findings by the Kepler mission—a “historic” announcement, as was alluded to by a trusted expert source—the first thing I thought was, “Kepler has found its Holy Grail: an Earth-sized planet orbiting a Sun-like star within the Habitable Zone!” I mean, what else could it be?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the first panelist started by saying that finding and confirming an Earth-sized planet in a habitable zone is of course what we want to do…, I thought I was going to be disappointed (because that, of course, is what I wanted to hear, and it didn’t sound like the talk was going that way). Had Kepler merely detected a Grail-shaped beacon—a potential, but not confirmed, exo-Earth? A “candidate”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two minutes later the threatened disappointment washed away, and I was reassured that the news was in fact big and I was in fact witnessing history….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The frame of the announcement were the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepler_data_release.html\">results from Kepler’s first 4 months of observations\u003c/a>, from May to September in 2009. At the time of launch, a couple hundred extra-solar planets had been detected, over the previous two decades, by ground-based observatories. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in 2010, NASA released some of the results from the initial observations: about 400 candidate worlds, mostly the big “hot Jupiter” planets (big balls of gas close to their stars, “easy” to detect) of the ilk that were being discovered monthly through ground based observations. Along with this announcement it was stated that a batch of Kepler data was being “embargoed” (or sequestered) to give Kepler scientists time to analyze it in more detail and make additional observations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2010 NASA announced the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/01/14/its-a-long-long-way-to-alderaan-but-kepler-10b-is-a-sight-closer/\">discovery of Kepler 10b\u003c/a>, the first bonafide Earth-size rocky planet detection—albeit a red-hot lump of rock that orbits its star in less than a day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtain lifts; drumroll please.... In Kepler’s first 4 months of staring at its target patch of sky in the constellation Cygnus, fully 1235 (with a capital T) candidate planets wink at us from the transit data—and after dusting away the “chaff” of hot-Jupiters and super-Jupiters, what’s left may be the very jewels Kepler set out to find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1235 candidate planets (candidates because they still need to be confirmed—though Kepler scientists have said they believe 80-90% of them will turn out to be real planets, and not spurious blips in the data), 68 of them are approximately Earth-sized (some larger, some smaller, some spot on), and of those, 5 orbit their stars within the Habitable Zone: the right distance for sunlight to enable liquid water to exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five worlds with the right proportions of material and heat to make the porridge “just right”! Awesome! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is not counting the “Avatar effect”: 49 other candidates found within habitable zones range in size from “super-Earths” all the way up to “super-Jupiters”—any of which could theoretically possess one or more moons of near-Earth stature, which would place those moons within habitable zones as well. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My head’s still reeling. What’s next? Will Kepler produce pictures of worlds with oceans, continents, and shorelines—or maybe 12-foot tall blue aliens? Is it time to start drafting a charter for a United Federation of Planets? Not yet.... \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler was designed to do one thing: find Earth-sized worlds at water-friendly distances from their stars—and pending confirming follow-up observations, it may already have wildly outperformed NASA’s expectations on that front. Another two or so years of observations will be required for confirmations, but that’s only another Superbowl or two. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing is clear to me: From now on when I go out at night and look up at the sky, I won’t see stars; I’ll see planets. Lots of them….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/12099/kepler%e2%80%99s-smokin%e2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_1037","quest_1050","quest_3601","quest_1564","quest_1918"],"featImg":"quest_12112","label":"quest"},"quest_11540":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_11540","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"11540","score":null,"sort":[1295028033000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-a-long-long-way-to-alderaan-but-kepler-10b-is-a-sight-closer","title":"It's a Long, Long Way to Alderaan, but Kepler 10B is a Sight Closer","publishDate":1295028033,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/earth-and-kepler-10b.jpg\">\u003cem>Size comparison between Earth and Kepler 10b.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta Vega, Alderaan, Malacandra, Altair IV, Kepler 10-b. Which one of these worlds is not like the other? Answer: Kepler 10-b. Why? Because among the thousands of small, rocky, Earth-sized planets that we have come to know over the past century, Kepler 10-b is not a piece of fiction, but real. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After over a century of science fiction storytelling involving distant aliens worlds—many of which are depicted as being not so unlike Earth, right down to oddly similar vegetation, human-like inhabitants, and one particular rock formation that is the spitting image of one I’ve seen in the Mojave desert—NASA’s Kepler mission \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-007&cid=release_2011-007&msource=11007&tr=y&auid=7605855\">has made good on its “promise”\u003c/a> to find an Earth-sized \u003ca href=\"http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/\">exoplanet\u003c/a>. “Sci-Fa” has finally caught up with Sci-Fi….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler 10-b: 1.4 times Earth’s diameter, 4.6 times Earth’s mass, and 8.8 grams per cubic centimeter average density. In all the physical categories, a heavy-weight compared to Earth’s newly (dare I say) demoted middle-weight status. Were you to stand on Kepler 10b’s surface, you would weigh about 2.3 times what you weigh on Earth. (Interestingly, that’s just a small bit less than you’d weigh if you could stand on the surface of Jupiter—if Jupiter had a solid surface, that is; imagine instead that you’re standing on a floating gas mining facility, like that one in the second Star Wars movie….)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how Earthlike is Kepler 10b? Well—not knowing anything about its atmosphere (if it has one), the fact that this rocky planet is about twenty times closer to its star than Mercury, and its surface is estimated to be 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit, means that it’s hot enough down there to melt most minerals, as well as about half of the list of metals you might jot down mentally. Since I keep alluding to worlds out of science fiction, I guess I’d say this makes Kepler 10b more like the planet from Star Trek (the original series) inhabited by the hot rock beings who recreated Abraham Lincoln, among other figures…okay, I’ll try to stop….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the first finding of an Earth-stature planet is a really big deal (it shows us evidence that other planets Earth’s size do exist beyond our solar system), this hit is actually only halfway to the bullseye of the Kepler agenda (Kepler the spacecraft, that is). Kepler’s ultimate goal is to find an Earth-sized planet orbiting its star within its “habitable zone”: at the right distance for its star’s light to allow liquid water to exist on the surface. (In other words, where most of the invented worlds of science fiction serendipitously revolve….)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetMakeover/planetMakeover.html\">How about a closer look?\u003c/a> Well—it took the Kepler spacecraft and the enormous ground-based Keck Observatory telescopes just to detect Kepler 10b’s presence, by observing the tiny amount of light the planet blocks as it crosses in front of (or “transits”) its star (Kepler’s method), and by the gravitational tug it has on its star (Keck’s confirming observation). Why can’t all this telescope power give us a nice picture of what the planet actually looks like? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, consider that the Hubble Space Telescope, which has given us the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pluto-map-hs-2010-06-a-faces.jpg\">best image of Pluto\u003c/a> so far, has only revealed Pluto as a globe of blurry, slightly different-shaded regions—about as clear an image as a near-sighted person would have of the Moon without their contact lenses, and no telescope. And at a distance of 560 light years, Kepler 10b is over 900,000 times farther away than Pluto!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re still a long way from Delta Vega, or Altair IV, with their vivid vistas of distant outposts and extinct alien civilizations—but we’re now a great deal closer to a real other-Earth…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Among the thousands of vivid and unique Earth-sized planets we have come to know through Science Fiction, NASA's Kepler mission has now given us our first real one: meet Kepler 10b.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371064033,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":708},"headData":{"title":"It's a Long, Long Way to Alderaan, but Kepler 10B is a Sight Closer | KQED","description":"Among the thousands of vivid and unique Earth-sized planets we have come to know through Science Fiction, NASA's Kepler mission has now given us our first real one: meet Kepler 10b.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"It's a Long, Long Way to Alderaan, but Kepler 10B is a Sight Closer","datePublished":"2011-01-14T18:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T19:07:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"11540 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=11540","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/01/14/its-a-long-long-way-to-alderaan-but-kepler-10b-is-a-sight-closer/","disqusTitle":"It's a Long, Long Way to Alderaan, but Kepler 10B is a Sight Closer","path":"/quest/11540/its-a-long-long-way-to-alderaan-but-kepler-10b-is-a-sight-closer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/earth-and-kepler-10b.jpg\">\u003cem>Size comparison between Earth and Kepler 10b.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta Vega, Alderaan, Malacandra, Altair IV, Kepler 10-b. Which one of these worlds is not like the other? Answer: Kepler 10-b. Why? Because among the thousands of small, rocky, Earth-sized planets that we have come to know over the past century, Kepler 10-b is not a piece of fiction, but real. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After over a century of science fiction storytelling involving distant aliens worlds—many of which are depicted as being not so unlike Earth, right down to oddly similar vegetation, human-like inhabitants, and one particular rock formation that is the spitting image of one I’ve seen in the Mojave desert—NASA’s Kepler mission \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-007&cid=release_2011-007&msource=11007&tr=y&auid=7605855\">has made good on its “promise”\u003c/a> to find an Earth-sized \u003ca href=\"http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/\">exoplanet\u003c/a>. “Sci-Fa” has finally caught up with Sci-Fi….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler 10-b: 1.4 times Earth’s diameter, 4.6 times Earth’s mass, and 8.8 grams per cubic centimeter average density. In all the physical categories, a heavy-weight compared to Earth’s newly (dare I say) demoted middle-weight status. Were you to stand on Kepler 10b’s surface, you would weigh about 2.3 times what you weigh on Earth. (Interestingly, that’s just a small bit less than you’d weigh if you could stand on the surface of Jupiter—if Jupiter had a solid surface, that is; imagine instead that you’re standing on a floating gas mining facility, like that one in the second Star Wars movie….)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how Earthlike is Kepler 10b? Well—not knowing anything about its atmosphere (if it has one), the fact that this rocky planet is about twenty times closer to its star than Mercury, and its surface is estimated to be 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit, means that it’s hot enough down there to melt most minerals, as well as about half of the list of metals you might jot down mentally. Since I keep alluding to worlds out of science fiction, I guess I’d say this makes Kepler 10b more like the planet from Star Trek (the original series) inhabited by the hot rock beings who recreated Abraham Lincoln, among other figures…okay, I’ll try to stop….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the first finding of an Earth-stature planet is a really big deal (it shows us evidence that other planets Earth’s size do exist beyond our solar system), this hit is actually only halfway to the bullseye of the Kepler agenda (Kepler the spacecraft, that is). Kepler’s ultimate goal is to find an Earth-sized planet orbiting its star within its “habitable zone”: at the right distance for its star’s light to allow liquid water to exist on the surface. (In other words, where most of the invented worlds of science fiction serendipitously revolve….)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetMakeover/planetMakeover.html\">How about a closer look?\u003c/a> Well—it took the Kepler spacecraft and the enormous ground-based Keck Observatory telescopes just to detect Kepler 10b’s presence, by observing the tiny amount of light the planet blocks as it crosses in front of (or “transits”) its star (Kepler’s method), and by the gravitational tug it has on its star (Keck’s confirming observation). Why can’t all this telescope power give us a nice picture of what the planet actually looks like? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, consider that the Hubble Space Telescope, which has given us the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pluto-map-hs-2010-06-a-faces.jpg\">best image of Pluto\u003c/a> so far, has only revealed Pluto as a globe of blurry, slightly different-shaded regions—about as clear an image as a near-sighted person would have of the Moon without their contact lenses, and no telescope. And at a distance of 560 light years, Kepler 10b is over 900,000 times farther away than Pluto!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re still a long way from Delta Vega, or Altair IV, with their vivid vistas of distant outposts and extinct alien civilizations—but we’re now a great deal closer to a real other-Earth…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/11540/its-a-long-long-way-to-alderaan-but-kepler-10b-is-a-sight-closer","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_1037","quest_1050","quest_1564","quest_1565","quest_1918"],"featImg":"quest_11543","label":"quest"},"quest_6426":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_6426","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"6426","score":null,"sort":[1278088388000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kepler-spots-hundreds-of-possible-planets","title":"Kepler Spots Hundreds of Possible Planets","publishDate":1278088388,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/exoplanet.jpg\">\u003cem>Artist concept of an Earthlike Exoplanet. Credit: ESO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nIt's been a little over a year since \u003ca href=\"http://www.kepler.arc.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Kepler \u003c/a>telescope was launched into space. Its mission: to stare unblinkingly at 156,000 stars in a patch of sky in the constellations Lyra and Cygnus on a quest to spot extrasolar planets. Results so far? As anticipated…astounding. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been 15 years since the first \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanets.org/\">extrasolar planet \u003c/a>(exoplanet: planet orbiting a star other than our Sun) was confirmed to exist. Since that time and until the launch of Kepler, subsequent detections have racked up the number by about one a month to well over 400. \u003cem>Planets\u003c/em>, see? Worlds! What would we name them if we knew them more intimately, as we do Jupiter and Neptune? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are they like, and how are we seeing them? Well—we don't exactly see them; we detect their presence by their affect on their parent stars: small wiggles and wobbles that their gravity and motion cause in their star, or tiny dips in star brightness when they pass in front of it (\"transit\"). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for what they're like, so far we've detected mostly very large planets—gas giants, like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—that are relatively close to their stars. \"\u003ca href=\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-10424263-17.html\">Hot Jupiters\u003c/a>\" they've been called, for obvious reasons. The bigger the planet, the greater its gravitational or eclipsing effects; the closer the planet to its star, the shorter its orbital period and so the more frequently we can detect their influences. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA's Kepler mission has a slightly different goal than finding Hot Jupiters. Using the \"transit method\" of looking for small drops in star brightness, \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070424_hab_exoplanet.html\">Kepler is looking for \u003c/a>Earth-sized planets orbiting their stars at Earth-like distances—in a nutshell, we're looking for environments similar to those of Earth, since Earth's environment is the one that we know supports life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the drop in light caused by the transit of a small planet is much more difficult to detect, Kepler is located in space, outside of Earth's distorting atmosphere. And since Kepler is looking for transits that should occur only one time in many months, and which may last only hours, it must observe constantly over a long time, without \"blinking\". \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what has Kepler come up with so far? \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/kepler-spacecraft-finds-hundreds-possible-planets-100618.html\">NASA recently released data from Kepler\u003c/a> taken in the first 43 days of its science mission. How many candidates for exoplanethood, you ask? The report announced a total of 706 possible detections in that 43 days—although NASA has only released the data on 306 of the lower priority detections, holding back a balance of about 400 \"more interesting\" candidates for more detailed study. What has piqued their interest on these, I really want to know….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Kepler candidates are not a mix of Hot Jupiters; as the mission was designed for, these potential planets are smaller and with longer orbital periods. In the mix there are a number of Neptune-like possibilities, and a larger number further down the size scale closer to true Earth-like character. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in 15 years of observations made from Earth telescopes, a bit over 400 exoplanets. In Kepler's first 43 days of observation: 706. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, the numbers look cool, but I must point out that the 400 (actually closer to 460 as of June 2010) convenctional exoplanet detections are all confirmed to exist, while the 706 from Kepler have yet to be—but that's mostly a matter of time and followup. They may not all end up being confirmed; a number of them will likely turn out to be \"false positives\". But, I expect many of them will end up being confirmed--and Kepler has another couple of years of left before its mission ends. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How many planets—and how many Earth-sized worlds—will end up being discovered between now and then? Maybe someone should start a Kepler exoplanet poll….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It's been a little over a year since NASA's Kepler telescope was launched into space. It's mission: to stare unblinkingly at 156,000 stars in a patch of sky in the constellations Lyra and Cygnus on a quest to spot extrasolar planets transiting their stars. Results so far? As anticipated…astounding.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371076867,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":676},"headData":{"title":"Kepler Spots Hundreds of Possible Planets | KQED","description":"It's been a little over a year since NASA's Kepler telescope was launched into space. It's mission: to stare unblinkingly at 156,000 stars in a patch of sky in the constellations Lyra and Cygnus on a quest to spot extrasolar planets transiting their stars. Results so far? As anticipated…astounding.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Kepler Spots Hundreds of Possible Planets","datePublished":"2010-07-02T16:33:08.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T22:41:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"6426 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=6426","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/02/kepler-spots-hundreds-of-possible-planets/","disqusTitle":"Kepler Spots Hundreds of Possible Planets","path":"/quest/6426/kepler-spots-hundreds-of-possible-planets","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/exoplanet.jpg\">\u003cem>Artist concept of an Earthlike Exoplanet. Credit: ESO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nIt's been a little over a year since \u003ca href=\"http://www.kepler.arc.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Kepler \u003c/a>telescope was launched into space. Its mission: to stare unblinkingly at 156,000 stars in a patch of sky in the constellations Lyra and Cygnus on a quest to spot extrasolar planets. Results so far? As anticipated…astounding. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been 15 years since the first \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanets.org/\">extrasolar planet \u003c/a>(exoplanet: planet orbiting a star other than our Sun) was confirmed to exist. Since that time and until the launch of Kepler, subsequent detections have racked up the number by about one a month to well over 400. \u003cem>Planets\u003c/em>, see? Worlds! What would we name them if we knew them more intimately, as we do Jupiter and Neptune? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are they like, and how are we seeing them? Well—we don't exactly see them; we detect their presence by their affect on their parent stars: small wiggles and wobbles that their gravity and motion cause in their star, or tiny dips in star brightness when they pass in front of it (\"transit\"). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for what they're like, so far we've detected mostly very large planets—gas giants, like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—that are relatively close to their stars. \"\u003ca href=\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-10424263-17.html\">Hot Jupiters\u003c/a>\" they've been called, for obvious reasons. The bigger the planet, the greater its gravitational or eclipsing effects; the closer the planet to its star, the shorter its orbital period and so the more frequently we can detect their influences. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA's Kepler mission has a slightly different goal than finding Hot Jupiters. Using the \"transit method\" of looking for small drops in star brightness, \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070424_hab_exoplanet.html\">Kepler is looking for \u003c/a>Earth-sized planets orbiting their stars at Earth-like distances—in a nutshell, we're looking for environments similar to those of Earth, since Earth's environment is the one that we know supports life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the drop in light caused by the transit of a small planet is much more difficult to detect, Kepler is located in space, outside of Earth's distorting atmosphere. And since Kepler is looking for transits that should occur only one time in many months, and which may last only hours, it must observe constantly over a long time, without \"blinking\". \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what has Kepler come up with so far? \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/kepler-spacecraft-finds-hundreds-possible-planets-100618.html\">NASA recently released data from Kepler\u003c/a> taken in the first 43 days of its science mission. How many candidates for exoplanethood, you ask? The report announced a total of 706 possible detections in that 43 days—although NASA has only released the data on 306 of the lower priority detections, holding back a balance of about 400 \"more interesting\" candidates for more detailed study. What has piqued their interest on these, I really want to know….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Kepler candidates are not a mix of Hot Jupiters; as the mission was designed for, these potential planets are smaller and with longer orbital periods. In the mix there are a number of Neptune-like possibilities, and a larger number further down the size scale closer to true Earth-like character. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in 15 years of observations made from Earth telescopes, a bit over 400 exoplanets. In Kepler's first 43 days of observation: 706. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, the numbers look cool, but I must point out that the 400 (actually closer to 460 as of June 2010) convenctional exoplanet detections are all confirmed to exist, while the 706 from Kepler have yet to be—but that's mostly a matter of time and followup. They may not all end up being confirmed; a number of them will likely turn out to be \"false positives\". But, I expect many of them will end up being confirmed--and Kepler has another couple of years of left before its mission ends. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How many planets—and how many Earth-sized worlds—will end up being discovered between now and then? Maybe someone should start a Kepler exoplanet poll….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/6426/kepler-spots-hundreds-of-possible-planets","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_1037","quest_1564","quest_1918","quest_2216"],"label":"quest"},"quest_2133":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_2133","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"2133","score":null,"sort":[1239835790000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-a-cosmos-more-than-a-cocktail-yuris-night-at-cal-academy","title":"When a Cosmo's More Than a Cocktail: Yuri's Night at Cal Academy","publishDate":1239835790,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/yurigagarin.jpg\">\u003cem>Yuri Alexyevich Gagarin, \"Columbus of the Cosmos\" \u003c/em>\u003c/span>Last Thursday evening, over 3500 people came to the California Academy of Sciences to help celebrate Yuri. This gathering was not the only celebration of its kind. Two-hundred and eight parties in forty-six countries on eight continents celebrated \u003ca href=\"http://www.yurisnight.net\">Yuri's Night\u003c/a> between April 6 and 12th of this year. So who is Yuri and why does he deserve such accolades?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuri Alexyevich Gagarin was a Soviet cosmonaut. He was the first human in space and is often referred to as \"the Columbus of the Cosmos\". His spacecraft Vostok-1 orbited the Earth on April 12, 1961 for the duration of 108 minutes. Yuri's Night, usually celebrated on April 12\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> celebrates this historic first flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuri's Night also celebrates another April 12\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> anniversary notable in the annals of space travel. Twenty years after Yuri Gagarin's historic flight, the first NASA space shuttle flight, STS-1 was launched into space. STS is short for Space Transportation System. NASA names each flight STS with the chronological number after it. STS-1 was launched on April 12, 1981; the shuttle orbited the earth 37 times during a 54.5 hour mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1961, our interest in space and the exploration of its depths has magnified. Recently \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA launched the Kepler mission\u003c/a>. On March 7\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>, 2009, the Kepler Mission successfully launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida. Kepler, which is a specialized telescope, was designed to find the first Earth-size planets orbiting stars within a \"habitable zone\". A habitable zone is an orbit around a star that would enable a planet to formulate and upkeep an atmosphere and the ability for water to form in pools on the planet's surface. Liquid water is believed to be essential for the formation of life. Thus from the nascent flight of orbiting our own Earth, space travels has evolved to look amongst other start. This progress is certainly something worthy of celebration!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An exhibit on the Kepler Mission along with other NASA initiatives like SOFIA, LCROSS and NLSI fascinated guests last Thursday night. For one guest, meeting Buzz Aldrin in person was the highlight of his night. My favorite aspect of the evening was a 3-D rendered tour of the moon and neighboring space. I am anxious to see what will be the new annal of space exploration when April 12\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and Yuri's Night comes around again in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7697 -122.466\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"208 parties in 46 countries on eight continents celebrated Yuri Alexyevich Gagarin between April 6 and 12th of this year. Who is Yuri and why does he deserve such accolades?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1239835790,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":431},"headData":{"title":"When a Cosmo's More Than a Cocktail: Yuri's Night at Cal Academy | KQED","description":"208 parties in 46 countries on eight continents celebrated Yuri Alexyevich Gagarin between April 6 and 12th of this year. Who is Yuri and why does he deserve such accolades?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"When a Cosmo's More Than a Cocktail: Yuri's Night at Cal Academy","datePublished":"2009-04-15T22:49:50.000Z","dateModified":"2009-04-15T22:49:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"2133 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=2133","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/04/15/when-a-cosmos-more-than-a-cocktail-yuris-night-at-cal-academy/","disqusTitle":"When a Cosmo's More Than a Cocktail: Yuri's Night at Cal Academy","path":"/quest/2133/when-a-cosmos-more-than-a-cocktail-yuris-night-at-cal-academy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/04/yurigagarin.jpg\">\u003cem>Yuri Alexyevich Gagarin, \"Columbus of the Cosmos\" \u003c/em>\u003c/span>Last Thursday evening, over 3500 people came to the California Academy of Sciences to help celebrate Yuri. This gathering was not the only celebration of its kind. Two-hundred and eight parties in forty-six countries on eight continents celebrated \u003ca href=\"http://www.yurisnight.net\">Yuri's Night\u003c/a> between April 6 and 12th of this year. So who is Yuri and why does he deserve such accolades?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuri Alexyevich Gagarin was a Soviet cosmonaut. He was the first human in space and is often referred to as \"the Columbus of the Cosmos\". His spacecraft Vostok-1 orbited the Earth on April 12, 1961 for the duration of 108 minutes. Yuri's Night, usually celebrated on April 12\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> celebrates this historic first flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuri's Night also celebrates another April 12\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> anniversary notable in the annals of space travel. Twenty years after Yuri Gagarin's historic flight, the first NASA space shuttle flight, STS-1 was launched into space. STS is short for Space Transportation System. NASA names each flight STS with the chronological number after it. STS-1 was launched on April 12, 1981; the shuttle orbited the earth 37 times during a 54.5 hour mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1961, our interest in space and the exploration of its depths has magnified. Recently \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA launched the Kepler mission\u003c/a>. On March 7\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>, 2009, the Kepler Mission successfully launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida. Kepler, which is a specialized telescope, was designed to find the first Earth-size planets orbiting stars within a \"habitable zone\". A habitable zone is an orbit around a star that would enable a planet to formulate and upkeep an atmosphere and the ability for water to form in pools on the planet's surface. Liquid water is believed to be essential for the formation of life. Thus from the nascent flight of orbiting our own Earth, space travels has evolved to look amongst other start. This progress is certainly something worthy of celebration!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An exhibit on the Kepler Mission along with other NASA initiatives like SOFIA, LCROSS and NLSI fascinated guests last Thursday night. For one guest, meeting Buzz Aldrin in person was the highlight of his night. My favorite aspect of the evening was a 3-D rendered tour of the moon and neighboring space. I am anxious to see what will be the new annal of space exploration when April 12\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and Yuri's Night comes around again in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7697 -122.466\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/2133/when-a-cosmos-more-than-a-cocktail-yuris-night-at-cal-academy","authors":["10173"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_240","quest_419","quest_431","quest_501","quest_705","quest_13199","quest_1564","quest_1918","quest_2486","quest_2739","quest_2740","quest_2813","quest_3209","quest_3210","quest_3211"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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