Science and the Flu: A Little Learning Is A Dangerous Thing
Science Event Pick - H1N1 Update
Fearing 1918
Reporter's Notes: Swine Flu and You
Sponsored
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This was darkly humorous, as the topic of the evening was pandemics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Provocatively titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://wonderfest.org/most-effective-bioterrorist/\" title=\"Wonderfest - Bioterrorism\">Is Nature or Man the Most Effective Bioterrorist?\u003c/a>\", the free event was co-hosted by \u003ca href=\"http://wonderfest.org/\" title=\"wonderfest\">Wonderfest\u003c/a> (The Bay Area Beacon of Science) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.askascientistsf.com/\" title=\"Ask A Scientist SF\">Ask A Scientist\u003c/a> (a lecture series for curious humans). The speakers hailed from Stanford: two-time Nobel nominee \u003ca href=\"http://cmgm.stanford.edu/micro/fac/falkow.html\" title=\"Stanford - Falkow\">Stanley Falkow\u003c/a>, professor of microbiology and immunology, and \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/davidrelmanlab/people-2/david-relman\" title=\"David Relman\">David Relman\u003c/a>, professor of medicine and chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Activities/PublicHealth/MicrobialThreats.aspx\" title=\"Forum on Microbial Threats\">Forum on Microbial Threats\u003c/a> (really!).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falkow opened by summarizing the natural history of human-microbe interactions, from chronic \"heritage diseases\" like herpes--with us since hunter-gatherer days--to acute \"crowd diseases\" like measles that cropped up (see what I did there?) when people began to settle in larger populations to farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 391px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/1918fluvictimsstlouis/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44970\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/1918FluVictimsStLouis-391x253.jpg\" alt=\"1918 flu victim and members of the American Red Cross\" title=\"1918FluVictimsStLouis\" width=\"391\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44970\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">1918 flu victim and members of the American Red Cross\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Human history has seen some pretty scary pandemics, from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death\" title=\"Black Death - Wikipedia\">Black Death\u003c/a> in Europe to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox#Human_history\" title=\"Smallpox - Wikipedia\">smallpox in the New World\u003c/a>. But we survived long enough to invent vaccines and antibiotics, and mortality due to infectious disease has plummeted. The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_flu_pandemic#Epidemiology\" title=\"2009 flu mortality - Wikipedia\">2009 flu pandemic\u003c/a> was a ghost of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic#Mortality\" title=\"Wikipedia - 1918 flu mortality\">1918\u003c/a>. Does nature even have a chance anymore of winning \"most effective bioterrorist\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might. We live in an ever more crowded, ever more connected world, and pathogens adapt to human behavior--right down to evolving antibiotic resistance. In 2007, says Falkow, \"I thought nature had done a hell of a good job, and it was going to be hard to beat.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he changed his mind when he realized that human genetic engineers can do something nature can't: keep the losers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may not sound so worrisome, until you realize that hypervirulent pathogens are usually losers. If you kill your hosts off too quickly, you don't get a chance to multiply and spread, and you end up knocking yourself out of the gene pool. Some naturally occurring pathogens have actually evolved control genes that keep their infections mild. Curious scientists have knocked out these genes--and created deadly bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44969\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/h1n1_navbox/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44969\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/H1N1_navbox-386x253.jpg\" alt=\"H1N1 viruses\" title=\"H1N1_navbox\" width=\"386\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44969\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aww, look at the cute little flu viruses! (photo by Cybercobra at en.wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was even before all the recent excitement over H5N1, a.k.a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004522/\" title=\"Avian influenza - NIH\">bird flu\u003c/a>. H5N1 is surprisingly virulent in humans, with a 50-60% mortality rate--but you can't catch it from another human. You have to catch it from a bird. A couple of different scientists wondered if this virus could ever be capable of mammal-to-mammal transmission, and a bit of genetic engineering \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v486/n7403/full/nature10831.html\" title=\"Nature - H5N1\">provided\u003c/a> an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6088/1534.abstract\" title=\"Science - H5N1\">answer\u003c/a>: yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relman presented their research with a kind of restrained horror. Are there some experiments, he asked, that simply shouldn't be done? If so, how do you keep people from doing them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulation is one choice. But Relman says, \"I think it's a lost cause--and counterproductive. [Regulation] makes it difficult to evolve and adapt to very fast-moving science.\" Falkow suggests that the real solution will come from improved dialogue between scientists and the public. \"I believe science has a contract with society,\" he says. \"It's a question of whether the public agrees their money should be invested and whether it's safe.\" Later, he added, \"I think one of the great failures of science is the inability to communicate with the public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evening's discussion was certainly one step toward turning that failure into success.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The first sniffles of flu season are upon us: a friend of mine was struck down, and couldn't join me in attending a science dialogue on Sunday night. This was darkly humorous, as the topic of the evening was pandemics.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1349809114,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":595},"headData":{"title":"Science and the Flu: A Little Learning Is A Dangerous Thing | KQED","description":"The first sniffles of flu season are upon us: a friend of mine was struck down, and couldn't join me in attending a science dialogue on Sunday night. This was darkly humorous, as the topic of the evening was pandemics.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"44868 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=44868","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/","disqusTitle":"Science and the Flu: A Little Learning Is A Dangerous Thing","path":"/quest/44868/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44973\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/bernt_notke_danse_macabre/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44973\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg\" alt=\"Bernt Notke's Danse Macabre\" title=\"Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44973\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Bernt_Notke_Danse_Macabre-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernt Notke's Danse Macabre\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first sniffles of flu season are upon us: a friend of mine was struck down, and couldn't join me in attending a science dialogue on Sunday night. This was darkly humorous, as the topic of the evening was pandemics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Provocatively titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://wonderfest.org/most-effective-bioterrorist/\" title=\"Wonderfest - Bioterrorism\">Is Nature or Man the Most Effective Bioterrorist?\u003c/a>\", the free event was co-hosted by \u003ca href=\"http://wonderfest.org/\" title=\"wonderfest\">Wonderfest\u003c/a> (The Bay Area Beacon of Science) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.askascientistsf.com/\" title=\"Ask A Scientist SF\">Ask A Scientist\u003c/a> (a lecture series for curious humans). The speakers hailed from Stanford: two-time Nobel nominee \u003ca href=\"http://cmgm.stanford.edu/micro/fac/falkow.html\" title=\"Stanford - Falkow\">Stanley Falkow\u003c/a>, professor of microbiology and immunology, and \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/davidrelmanlab/people-2/david-relman\" title=\"David Relman\">David Relman\u003c/a>, professor of medicine and chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iom.edu/Activities/PublicHealth/MicrobialThreats.aspx\" title=\"Forum on Microbial Threats\">Forum on Microbial Threats\u003c/a> (really!).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falkow opened by summarizing the natural history of human-microbe interactions, from chronic \"heritage diseases\" like herpes--with us since hunter-gatherer days--to acute \"crowd diseases\" like measles that cropped up (see what I did there?) when people began to settle in larger populations to farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 391px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/1918fluvictimsstlouis/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44970\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/1918FluVictimsStLouis-391x253.jpg\" alt=\"1918 flu victim and members of the American Red Cross\" title=\"1918FluVictimsStLouis\" width=\"391\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44970\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">1918 flu victim and members of the American Red Cross\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Human history has seen some pretty scary pandemics, from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death\" title=\"Black Death - Wikipedia\">Black Death\u003c/a> in Europe to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox#Human_history\" title=\"Smallpox - Wikipedia\">smallpox in the New World\u003c/a>. But we survived long enough to invent vaccines and antibiotics, and mortality due to infectious disease has plummeted. The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_flu_pandemic#Epidemiology\" title=\"2009 flu mortality - Wikipedia\">2009 flu pandemic\u003c/a> was a ghost of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic#Mortality\" title=\"Wikipedia - 1918 flu mortality\">1918\u003c/a>. Does nature even have a chance anymore of winning \"most effective bioterrorist\"?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might. We live in an ever more crowded, ever more connected world, and pathogens adapt to human behavior--right down to evolving antibiotic resistance. In 2007, says Falkow, \"I thought nature had done a hell of a good job, and it was going to be hard to beat.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he changed his mind when he realized that human genetic engineers can do something nature can't: keep the losers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may not sound so worrisome, until you realize that hypervirulent pathogens are usually losers. If you kill your hosts off too quickly, you don't get a chance to multiply and spread, and you end up knocking yourself out of the gene pool. Some naturally occurring pathogens have actually evolved control genes that keep their infections mild. Curious scientists have knocked out these genes--and created deadly bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44969\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/25/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing/h1n1_navbox/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44969\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/H1N1_navbox-386x253.jpg\" alt=\"H1N1 viruses\" title=\"H1N1_navbox\" width=\"386\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44969\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aww, look at the cute little flu viruses! (photo by Cybercobra at en.wikipedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And that was even before all the recent excitement over H5N1, a.k.a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004522/\" title=\"Avian influenza - NIH\">bird flu\u003c/a>. H5N1 is surprisingly virulent in humans, with a 50-60% mortality rate--but you can't catch it from another human. You have to catch it from a bird. A couple of different scientists wondered if this virus could ever be capable of mammal-to-mammal transmission, and a bit of genetic engineering \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v486/n7403/full/nature10831.html\" title=\"Nature - H5N1\">provided\u003c/a> an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6088/1534.abstract\" title=\"Science - H5N1\">answer\u003c/a>: yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relman presented their research with a kind of restrained horror. Are there some experiments, he asked, that simply shouldn't be done? If so, how do you keep people from doing them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulation is one choice. But Relman says, \"I think it's a lost cause--and counterproductive. [Regulation] makes it difficult to evolve and adapt to very fast-moving science.\" Falkow suggests that the real solution will come from improved dialogue between scientists and the public. \"I believe science has a contract with society,\" he says. \"It's a question of whether the public agrees their money should be invested and whether it's safe.\" Later, he added, \"I think one of the great failures of science is the inability to communicate with the public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evening's discussion was certainly one step toward turning that failure into success.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/44868/science-and-the-flu-a-little-learning-is-a-dangerous-thing","authors":["6324"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_11486","quest_1117","quest_3351","quest_2117","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_11485"],"featImg":"quest_44973","label":"quest"},"quest_4471":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_4471","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"4471","score":null,"sort":[1259870553000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-event-pick-h1n1-update","title":"Science Event Pick - H1N1 Update","publishDate":1259870553,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/12/swineh1n1.jpg\" alt=\"h1n1\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>H1N1 flu\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nBack in May, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\">QUEST first reported\u003c/a> on the urgency and rush to develop the H1N1 vaccine featuring Art Reingold, head of epidemiology at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health. The concerns largely centered on our vulnerability to the virus, especially for healthy individuals. In September, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/predicting-swine-flu\">QUEST updated the story\u003c/a> on the race to distribute the vaccine before mutations inevitably take place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vulnerability translated to substantial number of deaths, estimated to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/estimates_2009_h1n1.htm#Method\">between 2,500 and 6,100\u003c/a> according to the CDC. There is good news on the horizon, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/update.htm\">week to week\u003c/a> indicators show both a decline in national doctor visits for the flu and there has been a substantial decline n number of states reporting widespread H1N1 activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be sign of the H1N1 outbreak peak, a figure Art Reingold has been closely monitoring for the past few months. He'll be discussing the epidemiology of the pandemic and the controversy over the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the H1N1 virus, call: (800) CDC-INFO (800 232-4636) or visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/\">the CDC's website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://bnhm.berkeley.edu/about/sciencecafe.php\">H1N1 Update with Dr. Art Reingold\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>When:\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>Wednesday, December 9th, 7-9 PM\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Where:\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=3105+Shattuck+Avenue,+Berkeley,+CA+94705&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=3105+Shattuck+Ave,+Berkeley,+Alameda,+California+94705&z=16\">Cafe Valparaiso at La Pena Cultural Center\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Cost:\u003c/em> Free\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Details:\u003c/em> Experts are predicting a substantial resurgence of swine flu cases this coming winter. Art Reingold will provide an update concerning the global pandemic of novel H1N1(swine) influenza; the current state of affairs in the US and California; and options for prevention, including a pandemic influenza vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.852845 -122.26593\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Art Reingold will provide an update concerning the global pandemic of novel H1N1(swine) influenza; the current state of affairs in the US and California; and options for prevention, including a pandemic influenza vaccine.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1259870553,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":257},"headData":{"title":"Science Event Pick - H1N1 Update | KQED","description":"Art Reingold will provide an update concerning the global pandemic of novel H1N1(swine) influenza; the current state of affairs in the US and California; and options for prevention, including a pandemic influenza vaccine.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"4471 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=4471","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/12/03/science-event-pick-h1n1-update/","disqusTitle":"Science Event Pick - H1N1 Update","path":"/quest/4471/science-event-pick-h1n1-update","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/12/swineh1n1.jpg\" alt=\"h1n1\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cem>H1N1 flu\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nBack in May, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\">QUEST first reported\u003c/a> on the urgency and rush to develop the H1N1 vaccine featuring Art Reingold, head of epidemiology at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health. The concerns largely centered on our vulnerability to the virus, especially for healthy individuals. In September, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/predicting-swine-flu\">QUEST updated the story\u003c/a> on the race to distribute the vaccine before mutations inevitably take place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vulnerability translated to substantial number of deaths, estimated to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/estimates_2009_h1n1.htm#Method\">between 2,500 and 6,100\u003c/a> according to the CDC. There is good news on the horizon, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/update.htm\">week to week\u003c/a> indicators show both a decline in national doctor visits for the flu and there has been a substantial decline n number of states reporting widespread H1N1 activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be sign of the H1N1 outbreak peak, a figure Art Reingold has been closely monitoring for the past few months. He'll be discussing the epidemiology of the pandemic and the controversy over the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the H1N1 virus, call: (800) CDC-INFO (800 232-4636) or visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/\">the CDC's website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://bnhm.berkeley.edu/about/sciencecafe.php\">H1N1 Update with Dr. Art Reingold\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>When:\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>Wednesday, December 9th, 7-9 PM\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Where:\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=3105+Shattuck+Avenue,+Berkeley,+CA+94705&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=3105+Shattuck+Ave,+Berkeley,+Alameda,+California+94705&z=16\">Cafe Valparaiso at La Pena Cultural Center\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Cost:\u003c/em> Free\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Details:\u003c/em> Experts are predicting a substantial resurgence of swine flu cases this coming winter. Art Reingold will provide an update concerning the global pandemic of novel H1N1(swine) influenza; the current state of affairs in the US and California; and options for prevention, including a pandemic influenza vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.852845 -122.26593\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/4471/science-event-pick-h1n1-update","authors":["10201"],"categories":["quest_1"],"tags":["quest_217","quest_521","quest_1012","quest_13199","quest_1117","quest_1290","quest_2854","quest_3021"],"label":"quest"},"quest_2389":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_2389","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"2389","score":null,"sort":[1242065004000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fearing-1918","title":"Fearing 1918","publishDate":1242065004,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/piggy.jpg\">\u003cem>Animal viruses can be more deadly than their human\u003cbr> counterparts\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nA lot of people have been commenting about the apparent overreaction of governments to the swine flu. Why go to such extreme measures to deal with simple influenza? The reason has to do with the \u003ca href=\"http://1918.pandemicflu.gov/index.htm\">flu pandemic of 1918-1919\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over those two years, at least three waves of flu struck killing over 600,000 people in the U.S. and a staggering 30-50 million people worldwide. People died at such a high rate that cities ran out of caskets and dead bodies were stacked on porches and in the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments have been concerned that history might repeat itself because the two flues share one thing in common--\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=26\">they both started out as animal viruses\u003c/a>. And our bodies are not particularly good at fighting off viruses new to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year a new flock of flu strains kicks off the flu season. Almost always these strains are variations of human flues from previous years. What this means is that we have seen cousins of these viruses in the past and so have a leg up on mounting an attack and defeating them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do not have this same leg up on animal viruses. Our immune systems haven't seen anything like them and so can't mount a quick attack. The end result is that the percentage of people who die from animal flues tends to be much higher than from run of the mill human flues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any flu season, the CDC estimates that 5-20% of the U.S. population ends up with the flu. And that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/us_flu-related_deaths.htm\">36,000 of these people die\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Flu/story?id=1173856&page=1\">numbers of deaths would be much higher\u003c/a> if a truly deadly animal flu virus like the bird flu from a few years back were to emerge and gain the ability to spread from person to person. (The bird flu was never more than a few isolated cases since it never gained this ability.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first blush, this is what the swine flu looked like. The disease spread easily among people and, in Mexico at least, appeared to be more deadly than normal flues. So governments around the world sprang into action. Since flu is spread through contact, governments tried to keep people away from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They closed schools at the fist sign of trouble. Mexico closed restaurants, theaters and museums too. All of this was done in an attempt to prevent the spread of a disease like the flu of 1918.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least outside of Mexico, this flu does not seem to be too much worse than other flues. So it may be that governments overreacted this time. But I would prefer that they overreact like this as opposed to ignoring a deadly pandemic. We don't want another 1918 on our hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/influenza/sfeature/sanfran.html\">More info on The 1918 Flu in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.332 -121.903\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A lot of people have been commenting about the apparent overreaction of governments to the swine flu. Why go to such extreme measures to deal with simple influenza? The reason has to do with the flu pandemic of 1918-1919.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1242065004,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":506},"headData":{"title":"Fearing 1918 | KQED","description":"A lot of people have been commenting about the apparent overreaction of governments to the swine flu. Why go to such extreme measures to deal with simple influenza? The reason has to do with the flu pandemic of 1918-1919.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"2389 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=2389","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/11/fearing-1918/","disqusTitle":"Fearing 1918","path":"/quest/2389/fearing-1918","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/piggy.jpg\">\u003cem>Animal viruses can be more deadly than their human\u003cbr> counterparts\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nA lot of people have been commenting about the apparent overreaction of governments to the swine flu. Why go to such extreme measures to deal with simple influenza? The reason has to do with the \u003ca href=\"http://1918.pandemicflu.gov/index.htm\">flu pandemic of 1918-1919\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over those two years, at least three waves of flu struck killing over 600,000 people in the U.S. and a staggering 30-50 million people worldwide. People died at such a high rate that cities ran out of caskets and dead bodies were stacked on porches and in the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments have been concerned that history might repeat itself because the two flues share one thing in common--\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=26\">they both started out as animal viruses\u003c/a>. And our bodies are not particularly good at fighting off viruses new to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year a new flock of flu strains kicks off the flu season. Almost always these strains are variations of human flues from previous years. What this means is that we have seen cousins of these viruses in the past and so have a leg up on mounting an attack and defeating them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do not have this same leg up on animal viruses. Our immune systems haven't seen anything like them and so can't mount a quick attack. The end result is that the percentage of people who die from animal flues tends to be much higher than from run of the mill human flues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any flu season, the CDC estimates that 5-20% of the U.S. population ends up with the flu. And that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/us_flu-related_deaths.htm\">36,000 of these people die\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Flu/story?id=1173856&page=1\">numbers of deaths would be much higher\u003c/a> if a truly deadly animal flu virus like the bird flu from a few years back were to emerge and gain the ability to spread from person to person. (The bird flu was never more than a few isolated cases since it never gained this ability.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first blush, this is what the swine flu looked like. The disease spread easily among people and, in Mexico at least, appeared to be more deadly than normal flues. So governments around the world sprang into action. Since flu is spread through contact, governments tried to keep people away from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They closed schools at the fist sign of trouble. Mexico closed restaurants, theaters and museums too. All of this was done in an attempt to prevent the spread of a disease like the flu of 1918.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least outside of Mexico, this flu does not seem to be too much worse than other flues. So it may be that governments overreacted this time. But I would prefer that they overreact like this as opposed to ignoring a deadly pandemic. We don't want another 1918 on our hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/influenza/sfeature/sanfran.html\">More info on The 1918 Flu in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.332 -121.903\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/2389/fearing-1918","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_38","quest_521","quest_1117","quest_1290","quest_1464","quest_1900","quest_2117","quest_2854","quest_3082"],"label":"quest"},"quest_2244":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_2244","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"2244","score":null,"sort":[1241225468000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-swine-flu-and-you","title":"Reporter's Notes: Swine Flu and You","publishDate":1241225468,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/radio3-30_swineflublog300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The swine flu virus. Credit: C. S. Goldsmith and A. Balish, CDC.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As this story is being produced, the reports on swine flu are changing hourly. Cases are popping up \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_12267034\" target=\"_blank\">closer and closer to home\u003c/a>, and the CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/media/\" target=\"_blank\">is updating several times a day\u003c/a> on the spread of the virus, and plans to fight it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $64,000 question is \u003ca href=\"http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/swine-flu-a-cause-for-panic/?8ty&emc=ty&apage=3\" target=\"_blank\">how worried we should be\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swine flu is largely untreatable: The two effective antiviral drugs, Tamiflu and Relenza, must be taken within 48 hours of infection to stop the spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves a vaccine. Vaccines are relatively \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/29/business/economy/29vaccine.html?ref=media\" target=\"_blank\">straightforward to create\u003c/a>, but they take time. If swine flu becomes a deadly pandemic (meaning it's not only widespread -- a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic\" target=\"_blank\">pandemic \u003c/a>-- but more lethal \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-sci-swine-reality30-2009apr30,0,3606923.story\" target=\"_blank\">than it appears to be\u003c/a> so far) the demand for vaccines would likely far outpace supply. According to Art Reingold, at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health, it could take years for doses to reach everyone in the world who's vulnerable to the disease. Here in the US, we have very few vaccine producing facilities, which means we'd be competing with other countries' priorities to treat their own citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our story focuses on what could, one day, be the answer to pandemics like this one: \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/23/health/23flu.html\" target=\"_blank\">a universal vaccine\u003c/a>. Scientists like Harvard Medical School's Wayne Marasco believe that, in just a few years, \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126976.000-scientists-find-chink-in-flus-armour.html\" target=\"_blank\">we might be able to inoculate ourselves\u003c/a> against nearly all influenza viruses – like a tetanus shot, against the flu. Universal vaccines will come too late for our current swine flu pandemic. But they may well be our response to pandemics of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\">Listen to the Swine Flu and You\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.47851 -122.1407\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As this story is being produced, the reports on swine flu are changing hourly. Cases are popping up closer and closer to home, and the CDC is updating several times a day on the spread of the virus, and plans to fight it. The $64,000 question is how worried we should be.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443833529,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":291},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Swine Flu and You | KQED","description":"As this story is being produced, the reports on swine flu are changing hourly. Cases are popping up closer and closer to home, and the CDC is updating several times a day on the spread of the virus, and plans to fight it. The $64,000 question is how worried we should be.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"2244 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=2244","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/01/reporters-notes-swine-flu-and-you/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Swine Flu and You","path":"/quest/2244/reporters-notes-swine-flu-and-you","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/05/radio3-30_swineflublog300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The swine flu virus. Credit: C. S. Goldsmith and A. Balish, CDC.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As this story is being produced, the reports on swine flu are changing hourly. Cases are popping up \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_12267034\" target=\"_blank\">closer and closer to home\u003c/a>, and the CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/media/\" target=\"_blank\">is updating several times a day\u003c/a> on the spread of the virus, and plans to fight it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $64,000 question is \u003ca href=\"http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/swine-flu-a-cause-for-panic/?8ty&emc=ty&apage=3\" target=\"_blank\">how worried we should be\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swine flu is largely untreatable: The two effective antiviral drugs, Tamiflu and Relenza, must be taken within 48 hours of infection to stop the spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves a vaccine. Vaccines are relatively \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/29/business/economy/29vaccine.html?ref=media\" target=\"_blank\">straightforward to create\u003c/a>, but they take time. If swine flu becomes a deadly pandemic (meaning it's not only widespread -- a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic\" target=\"_blank\">pandemic \u003c/a>-- but more lethal \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-sci-swine-reality30-2009apr30,0,3606923.story\" target=\"_blank\">than it appears to be\u003c/a> so far) the demand for vaccines would likely far outpace supply. According to Art Reingold, at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health, it could take years for doses to reach everyone in the world who's vulnerable to the disease. Here in the US, we have very few vaccine producing facilities, which means we'd be competing with other countries' priorities to treat their own citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our story focuses on what could, one day, be the answer to pandemics like this one: \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/23/health/23flu.html\" target=\"_blank\">a universal vaccine\u003c/a>. Scientists like Harvard Medical School's Wayne Marasco believe that, in just a few years, \u003ca href=\"http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126976.000-scientists-find-chink-in-flus-armour.html\" target=\"_blank\">we might be able to inoculate ourselves\u003c/a> against nearly all influenza viruses – like a tetanus shot, against the flu. Universal vaccines will come too late for our current swine flu pandemic. But they may well be our response to pandemics of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/swine-flu-and-you\">Listen to the Swine Flu and You\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.47851 -122.1407\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/2244/reporters-notes-swine-flu-and-you","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_848","quest_1117","quest_13201","quest_1464","quest_1586","quest_13206","quest_2854","quest_3055","quest_3082"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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