Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots
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When their forest habitat becomes too fragmented, these giant fruit bats can spread an unusually deadly virus to humans. 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The virus has no cure, no vaccine -- and a mortality rate of more than 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Nipah virus first appeared in Malaysia in 1998, epidemiologists traced it back to Indian flying foxes -- giant fruit bats that are widespread in South Asia. In \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2013/04/30/climatic-ori-nipah-virus/#.U3Y4gcYhsnA\">Malaysia\u003c/a> the bats infected domesticated pigs, which in turn infected their farmers. But the latest outbreaks have been in Bangladesh, where pigs are rare. A 2006 \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/12/pdfs/06-0732.pdf\">study\u003c/a> by the CDC and other groups concluded that the Bangladesh outbreaks were caused by drinking contaminated date palm sap, a sugary syrup humans and bats both love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70513 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pot can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pots can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Date palm sap is collected from tree trunks, like maple syrup: collectors tap the trees with machetes and let the syrup run into clay pots overnight. During the night, when the bats are out foraging, they find these pots, drink from them, and sometimes leave behind the Nipah virus in their saliva, urine, or feces. Cooking or fermenting the sap could destroy the virus, but in Bangladesh the sap is commonly sold raw at street markets, a practice the government \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/health/22global.html?_r=0\">banned\u003c/a> after a 2011 outbreak that killed 21 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law isn't enforced, though, especially in rural areas, and the sale of raw sap continues. The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.iedcr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106\">reported\u003c/a> 18 more cases before February 11 of this year. Patients usually show up with a fever, headache, and neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures. There isn’t much doctors can do beyond keeping them comfortable and helping them breathe once the disease spreads to their lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding which villages are most vulnerable to Nipah would facilitate more targeted prevention efforts, but the virus' geographic distribution was puzzling. Outbreaks seemed to be clustered around a strip of territory in central and northwestern Bangladesh that’s come to be called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.icddrb.org/media-centre/news/1996-dealing-with-nipah-virus-how-low-cost-methods-may-save-lives-in-bangladesh\">Nipah belt\u003c/a>.” Population density is higher in the Nipah belt than outside it, and forest density is lower, but the bat population -- presumably the source of the outbreaks -- is the same. And even within the Nipah belt, some villages escaped the virus entirely when similar ones, with the same number of bats, had outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the mystery that intrigued Micah Hahn, then a graduate student at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelson.wisc.edu\">Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies\u003c/a> at UW-Madison. “Why here, but not there? How does the environment help determine who gets Nipah virus and who does not?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question, Dr. Hahn and her colleagues combined high-tech remote-sensing techniques with low-tech door-to-door surveys. They also hung infrared cameras to monitor bats feeding at night. All this data enabled them to create a high-resolution map that compared the geographic distribution and density of people, bats, and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313-541x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bat roosts. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"432\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the day, fruit bats roost in colonies of hundreds. But surprisingly, just having a bat colony nearby doesn't necessarily increase the chance that Nipah virus will spill over to humans. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That led to the discovery of a surprising culprit: deforestation. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that Bangladesh has lost nearly three-quarters of its forest in the last 30 years as its population has expanded. In the Nipah belt, as Hahn explains in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCnL3aoNEAA\">video\u003c/a> from the Nelson Institute, what remains are small, uneven patches of forest instead of large swaths of jungle. The places where the forest is most fragmented are the places most vulnerable to Nipah virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 10 percent reduction in tree cover at the sites in the Nipah belt where the bats were roosting, Hahn found that a nearby village was \u003cstrong>twice\u003c/strong> as likely to have an outbreak. Why? Even though there were the same number of bats in these fragmented forests as in thicker ones, Hahn observed that they “tended to settle in several small roosts scattered throughout the villages, rather than in one large roosting colony.” In areas where the human population density is high, like in the Nipah belt, Hahn speculates that this dispersion increases the likelihood that the bats will find human food sources. When bats and humans start sharing food, disease transmission becomes much more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70520\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159-537x360.jpg\" alt=\"Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep the bats out can prevent contaminationDate palm sap pots. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn. \" width=\"650\" height=\"435\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep bats out can prevent contamination. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Hahn is quick to point out that the bats themselves aren’t the problem. In fact, since bats help regenerate forest by strewing seeds all over their territory, they could be part of the solution. “This is not just about having bats,” she said. It’s a combination of bat behavior and human behavior that sparked the emergence of Nipah virus in Bangladesh. “The disease risk is a result of humans changing the landscape in ways that create opportunities for human/wildlife interactions,” Hahn said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nipah virus isn’t the only disease whose spread is influenced by the way humans manage the landscape. In Uganda, replacing natural swamps with cropland increased the risk of malaria. Yellow fever, leishmaniasis, and Hantavirus have also been shown to behave differently when the landscape changes. Hahn’s research will help target Nipah prevention and surveillance efforts to the most vulnerable villages, but it’s also evidence that the consequences of reshaping our environment could be more complicated than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70514\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70514\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923-551x360.jpg\" alt=\"When the forest is broken up into small patches with lots of holes in the canopy, bat and humans start to find food in the same areas. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When the forest is broken up into small patches and interspersed with human settlements, like it is in the Nipah belt, humans and bats can start sharing food sources. Bat-borne diseases are the result. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Deforestation and increased interactions between humans and wildlife are implicated in the spread of the Nipah virus.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442678806,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":1011},"headData":{"title":"Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots | KQED","description":"Deforestation and increased interactions between humans and wildlife are implicated in the spread of the Nipah virus.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots","datePublished":"2014-05-27T14:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T16:06:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"66291 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=66291","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/27/sweet-and-deadly-bat-borne-virus-brews-in-bangladeshs-date-palm-pots/","disqusTitle":"Sweet and Deadly: Bat-Borne Virus Brews in Bangladesh’s Date Palm Pots","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","path":"/quest/66291/sweet-and-deadly-bat-borne-virus-brews-in-bangladeshs-date-palm-pots","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.wisc.edu/22356\">research\u003c/a> from the University of Wisconsin suggests that deforestation is promoting the spread of a disease called Nipah virus in Bangladesh. The virus has no cure, no vaccine -- and a mortality rate of more than 70 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Nipah virus first appeared in Malaysia in 1998, epidemiologists traced it back to Indian flying foxes -- giant fruit bats that are widespread in South Asia. In \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2013/04/30/climatic-ori-nipah-virus/#.U3Y4gcYhsnA\">Malaysia\u003c/a> the bats infected domesticated pigs, which in turn infected their farmers. But the latest outbreaks have been in Bangladesh, where pigs are rare. A 2006 \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/12/pdfs/06-0732.pdf\">study\u003c/a> by the CDC and other groups concluded that the Bangladesh outbreaks were caused by drinking contaminated date palm sap, a sugary syrup humans and bats both love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70513 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_5914-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pot can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sap collectors slice into date palm trees with machetes, then hang clay pots to catch the sweet syrup that drips out. Bats drinking from the pots can contaminate the sap with Nipah virus. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Date palm sap is collected from tree trunks, like maple syrup: collectors tap the trees with machetes and let the syrup run into clay pots overnight. During the night, when the bats are out foraging, they find these pots, drink from them, and sometimes leave behind the Nipah virus in their saliva, urine, or feces. Cooking or fermenting the sap could destroy the virus, but in Bangladesh the sap is commonly sold raw at street markets, a practice the government \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/health/22global.html?_r=0\">banned\u003c/a> after a 2011 outbreak that killed 21 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law isn't enforced, though, especially in rural areas, and the sale of raw sap continues. The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.iedcr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106\">reported\u003c/a> 18 more cases before February 11 of this year. Patients usually show up with a fever, headache, and neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures. There isn’t much doctors can do beyond keeping them comfortable and helping them breathe once the disease spreads to their lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding which villages are most vulnerable to Nipah would facilitate more targeted prevention efforts, but the virus' geographic distribution was puzzling. Outbreaks seemed to be clustered around a strip of territory in central and northwestern Bangladesh that’s come to be called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.icddrb.org/media-centre/news/1996-dealing-with-nipah-virus-how-low-cost-methods-may-save-lives-in-bangladesh\">Nipah belt\u003c/a>.” Population density is higher in the Nipah belt than outside it, and forest density is lower, but the bat population -- presumably the source of the outbreaks -- is the same. And even within the Nipah belt, some villages escaped the virus entirely when similar ones, with the same number of bats, had outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the mystery that intrigued Micah Hahn, then a graduate student at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelson.wisc.edu\">Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies\u003c/a> at UW-Madison. “Why here, but not there? How does the environment help determine who gets Nipah virus and who does not?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer that question, Dr. Hahn and her colleagues combined high-tech remote-sensing techniques with low-tech door-to-door surveys. They also hung infrared cameras to monitor bats feeding at night. All this data enabled them to create a high-resolution map that compared the geographic distribution and density of people, bats, and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_1099-e1400185366313-541x360.jpg\" alt=\"Bat roosts. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"432\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the day, fruit bats roost in colonies of hundreds. But surprisingly, just having a bat colony nearby doesn't necessarily increase the chance that Nipah virus will spill over to humans. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That led to the discovery of a surprising culprit: deforestation. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that Bangladesh has lost nearly three-quarters of its forest in the last 30 years as its population has expanded. In the Nipah belt, as Hahn explains in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCnL3aoNEAA\">video\u003c/a> from the Nelson Institute, what remains are small, uneven patches of forest instead of large swaths of jungle. The places where the forest is most fragmented are the places most vulnerable to Nipah virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every 10 percent reduction in tree cover at the sites in the Nipah belt where the bats were roosting, Hahn found that a nearby village was \u003cstrong>twice\u003c/strong> as likely to have an outbreak. Why? Even though there were the same number of bats in these fragmented forests as in thicker ones, Hahn observed that they “tended to settle in several small roosts scattered throughout the villages, rather than in one large roosting colony.” In areas where the human population density is high, like in the Nipah belt, Hahn speculates that this dispersion increases the likelihood that the bats will find human food sources. When bats and humans start sharing food, disease transmission becomes much more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70520\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IGP5159-537x360.jpg\" alt=\"Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep the bats out can prevent contaminationDate palm sap pots. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn. \" width=\"650\" height=\"435\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Date palm sap is collected in clay pots like these. Covering the pots with fabric to keep bats out can prevent contamination. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Hahn is quick to point out that the bats themselves aren’t the problem. In fact, since bats help regenerate forest by strewing seeds all over their territory, they could be part of the solution. “This is not just about having bats,” she said. It’s a combination of bat behavior and human behavior that sparked the emergence of Nipah virus in Bangladesh. “The disease risk is a result of humans changing the landscape in ways that create opportunities for human/wildlife interactions,” Hahn said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nipah virus isn’t the only disease whose spread is influenced by the way humans manage the landscape. In Uganda, replacing natural swamps with cropland increased the risk of malaria. Yellow fever, leishmaniasis, and Hantavirus have also been shown to behave differently when the landscape changes. Hahn’s research will help target Nipah prevention and surveillance efforts to the most vulnerable villages, but it’s also evidence that the consequences of reshaping our environment could be more complicated than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70514\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70514\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/IMG_0199-e1400184212923-551x360.jpg\" alt=\"When the forest is broken up into small patches with lots of holes in the canopy, bat and humans start to find food in the same areas. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\" width=\"650\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When the forest is broken up into small patches and interspersed with human settlements, like it is in the Nipah belt, humans and bats can start sharing food sources. Bat-borne diseases are the result. Photo courtesy of Micah Hahn.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/66291/sweet-and-deadly-bat-borne-virus-brews-in-bangladeshs-date-palm-pots","authors":["10441"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_12867","quest_326","quest_794","quest_1012","quest_12866","quest_12269","quest_12864","quest_12355","quest_13365","quest_12865"],"featImg":"quest_70511","label":"source_quest_66291"},"quest_50948":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50948","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50948","score":null,"sort":[1368543635000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"are-doughnuts-destroying-forests","title":"Are Doughnuts Destroying Forests?","publishDate":1368543635,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-54069\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg\" alt=\"RS_DSCN1134\" width=\"604\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg 604w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">An Expert Opinion:\u003c/span> Frances Seymour\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch4>\u003cem>The former Director General at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cifor.org/\">Center for International Forestry Research\u003c/a>, Frances Seymour has been a world leader in the effort to understand and address the impacts of tropical deforestation for 20 years. Or as she puts it, since Ben and Jerry’s released their Rainforest Crunch ice cream.\u003c/em>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-53764\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/young_frances-173x253.jpg\" alt=\"young_frances\" width=\"161\" height=\"234\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What got you interested in forests in the first place?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in Chapel Hill, [North Carolina] I was always interested in nature and I tried to think of careers that could enable me to indulge that hobby. So when I was at UNC, I majored in zoology and thought about being a wildlife veterinarian as a way to be outside. I was in graduate school at the time when tropical forests were just exploding onto the international consciousness. This was back in the era of Rainforest Crunch and the lead-up to the first \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldsummit2002.org/index.htm?http://www.worldsummit2002.org/guide/unced.htm\">Rio Earth Summit\u003c/a> in 1992, when everybody was concerned about tropical biodiversity and indigenous peoples. So I ended up being caught up in all that and making a career out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some of the human and ecological costs of deforestation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When forests are lost, that means the loss of a lot of things that local communities depend on. At the local level this includes access to timber and non-timber forest products. At the landscape level forests provide various ecosystem services, like keeping clean waters in streams year-round and regulating rainfall patterns. Last but not least are the global-level human impacts. It’s estimated that greenhouse gas emissions from tropical deforestation and other land-use changes are a \u003ca href=\"http://scitechdaily.com/deforestation-adds-more-atmospheric-co2-than-the-sum-total-of-cars-trucks-on-the-worlds-roads/\">greater source of [C02] release\u003c/a> than all of the planes, trains, automobiles emissions combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What poses the biggest risk to our forests: chopsticks, toothpicks, or toilet paper?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would say “none of the above,” because some of the fastest and most damaging deforestation taking place right now is caused by the palm oil industry. So maybe the answer would be “your doughnuts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IMG_6852.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-54321\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IMG_6852-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_6852\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>Palm oil is one of those commodities that is mostly used as an edible oil. In Asia, it’s the most commonly used oil for frying things. But in our supermarkets, it’s in, like, half the products, ranging from shampoo to peanut butter to doughnuts. And so that’s probably the greatest threat to tropical forests right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is palm oil a relatively new commodity, at least on this scale?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palm oil has been produced on an industrial scale in Indonesia and Malaysia for a long time, but the price of it has rapidly escalated. The prospect of new markets for palm oil-based biodiesel have also come on the horizon and so the incentives to invest in palm plantations have increased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54323\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54323\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/5701875645_79296910b5_b-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Ryan Woo/CIFOR\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Ryan Woo/CIFOR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54324\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/5038663408_7f760da960_b-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palm oil production is responsible for significant deforestation in both of those places and, most recently, it’s begun to expand to other regions. It feels like almost every day I read a news release about another deal being done for tens or hundreds of thousands of hectares in Central Africa to be converted to an oil palm plantation. And the particular concern in a place like Indonesia is that a lot of this palm oil is being planted on peatland swamp forests. These peat swamps can be standing on layers of organic matter that has accumulated over thousands of years. They can be more than 30 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thirty feet deep. That’s incredible.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about that for a minute. When you drain and burn a peatland forest in order to plant palm oil or pulp and paper—not only do you have the pulse of emissions from the initial burning of the surface vegetation going into the atmosphere, but that organic matter that was locked up underground is suddenly liberated, releasing greenhouse gases into the air as it oxidizes and decomposes. And so the amount of carbon per hectare released into the atmosphere is many, many, many times greater than an equivalent hectare of forest not on peat swamp soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the best way to balance sustaining the health of a forest and giving forest-dependent communities control of their resources?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-53769\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/DSCN0831-198x253.jpg\" alt=\"DSCN0831\" width=\"153\" height=\"197\">I guess I would challenge the premise of the question in the following way: one of the great misconceptions about tropical deforestation is that it’s the local people who are responsible for deforestation. Communities don’t need to be convinced of the value of forest because they’re the ones who hunt in the forest and fish in the forest and gather rattan from the forest. They’re the ones who suffer when the logging trucks come in. So it’s kind of galling to blame deforestation on local communities when, in fact, the people who are profiting from deforestation tend to be elites from capital cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I love that you challenged me on that.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can tell I’m not shy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture, specifically livestock grazing, contributes to deforestation. Are you a vegetarian?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LAUGHS] No, I’m not. Yes, it is true overall that agricultural expansion is one of the key drivers of deforestation around the world. In terms of the cattle production in the Amazon, there’s been a big effort recently to try to \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/\">shift beef production to deforestation-free methods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>People that are reading this might want to know what they can do to prevent deforestation. Should they buy forest-certified lumber? Eat local meat? Eat fewer doughnuts?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With specific reference to tropical deforestation, I think there are two things: One is to be a constituency for active U.S. engagement. And then, as individual consumers, yes, it does make a difference. Buy sustainably produced \u003ca href=\"https://us.fsc.org/\">FSC-certified\u003c/a> wood products. And hopefully, over time, we’ll have credible certification systems for some of these other commodities that can be certified deforestation-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did you read The Giving Tree as a kid?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-53771\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Malinau-DG-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Malinau-DG\" width=\"160\" height=\"240\">If trees could talk, what would they say to the humans right now on this planet?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTrees have a self-interest in controlling climate change. So in addition to, “Don’t cut me down,” trees would also say, “Please protect the climate,” because forests are also vulnerable to climate change. With a changing climate, forests are experiencing drought and new invasions of pests that we have haven’t seen before. And so they would be saying, “If you want to keep forests around, you need to protect the climate.” So it’s sort of the opposite of what we’ve been talking about, “If you want to protect the climate, protect forests,” but it works the other way too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*This interview has been condensed and edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A conversation with a forestry expert reveals doughnuts as unlikely contributors to global deforestation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443824195,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1157},"headData":{"title":"Are Doughnuts Destroying Forests? | KQED","description":"A conversation with a forestry expert reveals doughnuts as unlikely contributors to global deforestation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Are Doughnuts Destroying Forests?","datePublished":"2013-05-14T15:00:35.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:16:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"50948 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50948","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/05/14/are-doughnuts-destroying-forests/","disqusTitle":"Are Doughnuts Destroying Forests?","path":"/quest/50948/are-doughnuts-destroying-forests","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-54069\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg\" alt=\"RS_DSCN1134\" width=\"604\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134.jpg 604w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/RS_DSCN1134-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">An Expert Opinion:\u003c/span> Frances Seymour\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch4>\u003cem>The former Director General at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cifor.org/\">Center for International Forestry Research\u003c/a>, Frances Seymour has been a world leader in the effort to understand and address the impacts of tropical deforestation for 20 years. Or as she puts it, since Ben and Jerry’s released their Rainforest Crunch ice cream.\u003c/em>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-53764\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/young_frances-173x253.jpg\" alt=\"young_frances\" width=\"161\" height=\"234\">\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What got you interested in forests in the first place?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in Chapel Hill, [North Carolina] I was always interested in nature and I tried to think of careers that could enable me to indulge that hobby. So when I was at UNC, I majored in zoology and thought about being a wildlife veterinarian as a way to be outside. I was in graduate school at the time when tropical forests were just exploding onto the international consciousness. This was back in the era of Rainforest Crunch and the lead-up to the first \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldsummit2002.org/index.htm?http://www.worldsummit2002.org/guide/unced.htm\">Rio Earth Summit\u003c/a> in 1992, when everybody was concerned about tropical biodiversity and indigenous peoples. So I ended up being caught up in all that and making a career out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some of the human and ecological costs of deforestation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When forests are lost, that means the loss of a lot of things that local communities depend on. At the local level this includes access to timber and non-timber forest products. At the landscape level forests provide various ecosystem services, like keeping clean waters in streams year-round and regulating rainfall patterns. Last but not least are the global-level human impacts. It’s estimated that greenhouse gas emissions from tropical deforestation and other land-use changes are a \u003ca href=\"http://scitechdaily.com/deforestation-adds-more-atmospheric-co2-than-the-sum-total-of-cars-trucks-on-the-worlds-roads/\">greater source of [C02] release\u003c/a> than all of the planes, trains, automobiles emissions combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What poses the biggest risk to our forests: chopsticks, toothpicks, or toilet paper?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would say “none of the above,” because some of the fastest and most damaging deforestation taking place right now is caused by the palm oil industry. So maybe the answer would be “your doughnuts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IMG_6852.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-54321\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IMG_6852-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_6852\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>Palm oil is one of those commodities that is mostly used as an edible oil. In Asia, it’s the most commonly used oil for frying things. But in our supermarkets, it’s in, like, half the products, ranging from shampoo to peanut butter to doughnuts. And so that’s probably the greatest threat to tropical forests right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is palm oil a relatively new commodity, at least on this scale?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palm oil has been produced on an industrial scale in Indonesia and Malaysia for a long time, but the price of it has rapidly escalated. The prospect of new markets for palm oil-based biodiesel have also come on the horizon and so the incentives to invest in palm plantations have increased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54323\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54323\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/5701875645_79296910b5_b-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Ryan Woo/CIFOR\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Ryan Woo/CIFOR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-54324\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/5038663408_7f760da960_b-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palm oil production is responsible for significant deforestation in both of those places and, most recently, it’s begun to expand to other regions. It feels like almost every day I read a news release about another deal being done for tens or hundreds of thousands of hectares in Central Africa to be converted to an oil palm plantation. And the particular concern in a place like Indonesia is that a lot of this palm oil is being planted on peatland swamp forests. These peat swamps can be standing on layers of organic matter that has accumulated over thousands of years. They can be more than 30 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thirty feet deep. That’s incredible.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about that for a minute. When you drain and burn a peatland forest in order to plant palm oil or pulp and paper—not only do you have the pulse of emissions from the initial burning of the surface vegetation going into the atmosphere, but that organic matter that was locked up underground is suddenly liberated, releasing greenhouse gases into the air as it oxidizes and decomposes. And so the amount of carbon per hectare released into the atmosphere is many, many, many times greater than an equivalent hectare of forest not on peat swamp soils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the best way to balance sustaining the health of a forest and giving forest-dependent communities control of their resources?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-53769\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/DSCN0831-198x253.jpg\" alt=\"DSCN0831\" width=\"153\" height=\"197\">I guess I would challenge the premise of the question in the following way: one of the great misconceptions about tropical deforestation is that it’s the local people who are responsible for deforestation. Communities don’t need to be convinced of the value of forest because they’re the ones who hunt in the forest and fish in the forest and gather rattan from the forest. They’re the ones who suffer when the logging trucks come in. So it’s kind of galling to blame deforestation on local communities when, in fact, the people who are profiting from deforestation tend to be elites from capital cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I love that you challenged me on that.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can tell I’m not shy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture, specifically livestock grazing, contributes to deforestation. Are you a vegetarian?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LAUGHS] No, I’m not. Yes, it is true overall that agricultural expansion is one of the key drivers of deforestation around the world. In terms of the cattle production in the Amazon, there’s been a big effort recently to try to \u003ca href=\"http://grsbeef.org/\">shift beef production to deforestation-free methods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>People that are reading this might want to know what they can do to prevent deforestation. Should they buy forest-certified lumber? Eat local meat? Eat fewer doughnuts?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With specific reference to tropical deforestation, I think there are two things: One is to be a constituency for active U.S. engagement. And then, as individual consumers, yes, it does make a difference. Buy sustainably produced \u003ca href=\"https://us.fsc.org/\">FSC-certified\u003c/a> wood products. And hopefully, over time, we’ll have credible certification systems for some of these other commodities that can be certified deforestation-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Did you read The Giving Tree as a kid?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-53771\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Malinau-DG-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"Malinau-DG\" width=\"160\" height=\"240\">If trees could talk, what would they say to the humans right now on this planet?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTrees have a self-interest in controlling climate change. So in addition to, “Don’t cut me down,” trees would also say, “Please protect the climate,” because forests are also vulnerable to climate change. With a changing climate, forests are experiencing drought and new invasions of pests that we have haven’t seen before. And so they would be saying, “If you want to keep forests around, you need to protect the climate.” So it’s sort of the opposite of what we’ve been talking about, “If you want to protect the climate, protect forests,” but it works the other way too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*This interview has been condensed and edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50948/are-doughnuts-destroying-forests","authors":["10296"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_637","quest_684","quest_794","quest_1130","quest_11964","quest_1724","quest_11963","quest_2141","quest_11962","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_11961","quest_13364","quest_10363","quest_10303"],"featImg":"quest_54069","label":"quest"},"quest_653":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_653","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"653","score":null,"sort":[1213891937000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"turning-plastic-bags-into-beautiful-bolsas","title":"Turning Plastic Bags into Beautiful Bolsas","publishDate":1213891937,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/mochilla1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And how this metamorphosis saves Monkeys!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colombia: a beautiful country, with incredible forests and diverse wildlife, but like many other countries, a trash problem. With no formal trash collection system, the forests and villages suffer from scattered plastic bags, endangering wildlife and creating a mess on village streets. One such village was Los Limites, until they came up with a most transformative solution: \u003ca title=\"Eco-Mochilas\" href=\"http://ecomochilas.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Eco-Mochilas\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eco-Mochila project was invented by the organization \u003ca title=\"proyecto titi\" href=\"http://proyectotiti.com/english/mochilas.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Proyecto Titi\u003c/a> (Project Tamarin), a dynamic conservation program that combines field research, education, and community programs in an effort to protect the endangered Cotton Top Tamarin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Eco-Mochila is a bag made from crocheting 100 plastic bags into a colorful beach bag or purse. The innovative woman who create the bags are called the Asoartesanas. They encourage villagers and school children to collect plastic bags and as they go door to door to collect, they educate the people about their local wildlife. Then, they cut the bags into strips and begin their craft. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/mochilla01.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco-Mochilas are sold throughout the world at various venues and bring in a suitable salary for an artist. Of course, the collecting of thousands of plastic bags has other benefits: a more beautiful village, and a forest clear of trash, which makes a certain one-pound monkey very happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered \u003ca title=\"cotton top tamarin\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottontop_tamarin\" target=\"_blank\">Cotton Top Tamarin\u003c/a> is found only in the forests of Colombia. Deforestation and capture for the pet trade are the species' greatest threats. The Eco-Mochila project creates sustenance for villagers, an alternative to using the forest for such, and of course, offers a cleaner forest for all wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program has been so successful that the Asoartesanas have trained people from other countries to begin similar project in their communities...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case this is important to their case, eco-mochilas are cute, come in different sizes, can be personalized, make great presents and are water resistant. I have three!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Eco-Mochilas\" href=\"http://proyectotiti.com/english/products-you-can-purchase.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Click here \u003c/a>to purchase an Eco-Mochila and help Cotton-Top Tamarins; and come visit the Tamarins at the Oakland Zoo anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1213891937,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":349},"headData":{"title":"Turning Plastic Bags into Beautiful Bolsas | KQED","description":"And how this metamorphosis saves Monkeys! Colombia: a beautiful country, with incredible forests and diverse wildlife, but like many other countries, a trash problem. With no formal trash collection system, the forests and villages suffer from scattered plastic bags, endangering wildlife and creating a mess on village streets. One such village was Los Limites, until","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Turning Plastic Bags into Beautiful Bolsas","datePublished":"2008-06-19T16:12:17.000Z","dateModified":"2008-06-19T16:12:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"653 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=653","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/06/19/turning-plastic-bags-into-beautiful-bolsas/","disqusTitle":"Turning Plastic Bags into Beautiful Bolsas","path":"/quest/653/turning-plastic-bags-into-beautiful-bolsas","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/mochilla1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And how this metamorphosis saves Monkeys!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colombia: a beautiful country, with incredible forests and diverse wildlife, but like many other countries, a trash problem. With no formal trash collection system, the forests and villages suffer from scattered plastic bags, endangering wildlife and creating a mess on village streets. One such village was Los Limites, until they came up with a most transformative solution: \u003ca title=\"Eco-Mochilas\" href=\"http://ecomochilas.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Eco-Mochilas\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eco-Mochila project was invented by the organization \u003ca title=\"proyecto titi\" href=\"http://proyectotiti.com/english/mochilas.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Proyecto Titi\u003c/a> (Project Tamarin), a dynamic conservation program that combines field research, education, and community programs in an effort to protect the endangered Cotton Top Tamarin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Eco-Mochila is a bag made from crocheting 100 plastic bags into a colorful beach bag or purse. The innovative woman who create the bags are called the Asoartesanas. They encourage villagers and school children to collect plastic bags and as they go door to door to collect, they educate the people about their local wildlife. Then, they cut the bags into strips and begin their craft. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/mochilla01.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eco-Mochilas are sold throughout the world at various venues and bring in a suitable salary for an artist. Of course, the collecting of thousands of plastic bags has other benefits: a more beautiful village, and a forest clear of trash, which makes a certain one-pound monkey very happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered \u003ca title=\"cotton top tamarin\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottontop_tamarin\" target=\"_blank\">Cotton Top Tamarin\u003c/a> is found only in the forests of Colombia. Deforestation and capture for the pet trade are the species' greatest threats. The Eco-Mochila project creates sustenance for villagers, an alternative to using the forest for such, and of course, offers a cleaner forest for all wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program has been so successful that the Asoartesanas have trained people from other countries to begin similar project in their communities...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in case this is important to their case, eco-mochilas are cute, come in different sizes, can be personalized, make great presents and are water resistant. I have three!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Eco-Mochilas\" href=\"http://proyectotiti.com/english/products-you-can-purchase.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Click here \u003c/a>to purchase an Eco-Mochila and help Cotton-Top Tamarins; and come visit the Tamarins at the Oakland Zoo anytime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/653/turning-plastic-bags-into-beautiful-bolsas","authors":["10178"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_230","quest_652","quest_708","quest_794","quest_920","quest_1132","quest_3351","quest_1618","quest_1687","quest_2011","quest_8358","quest_2222","quest_2224","quest_2306","quest_2322","quest_2349","quest_2986","quest_3155"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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