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He moved to Raleigh in 2004 to work for the NBC-owned station and agrees wholeheartedly with the song, \"Nothing could be finer than to be in Carolina.\" Frank brings almost 25 years of TV experience to UNC-TV. He began his career in Presque Isle, Maine and has worked at stations in Clarksburg, W.Va, Lynchburg, Va., Norfolk, Baltimore and Cincinnati. \r\n\r\nFrank won a regional and national Emmy award for his coverage of riots in Cincinnati and a regional Emmy for a story on Raleigh's new downtown wayfinding system. His work has also been recognized by the Communicator awards, the Associated Press and the Society of Professional Journalists. Frank took a four year break from reporting to work with a Triangle Public Relations firm. 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He also enjoys photography, golfing and running (he's completed 3 half marathons with his wife).","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/913abdbcdfe509dc910c3e19e2875aa8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Frank Graff | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/913abdbcdfe509dc910c3e19e2875aa8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/913abdbcdfe509dc910c3e19e2875aa8?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/frankgraff"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_67557":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_67557","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"67557","score":null,"sort":[1402581602000]},"guestAuthors":[{"ID":"64479","displayName":"Hannah Weinberger","firstName":"Hannah","lastName":"Weinberger","userLogin":"hannah-weinberger","userEmail":"Hannah.Weinberger@ideastream.org","linkedAccount":"hweinberger","website":"","aim":"","yahooim":"","jabber":"","description":"Hannah Weinberger, a May 2013 graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and native Clevelander, is QUEST Ohio’s jack-of-all-trades intern. Despite majoring in Mandarin Chinese, Hannah developed an interest in journalism that solidified during an internship with CNN. Hannah joined QUEST after completing a writing fellowship with multimedia journalism lab Powering a Nation, in which she investigated water use along the Colorado River. When not chasing down a lead, Hannah plays guitar, explores the Cleveland Metroparks and restrains herself from petting woodland creatures.","userNicename":"hannah-weinberger","type":"guest-author"}],"slug":"biodegradable-plastics-too-good-to-be-true","title":"Biodegradable Plastics: Too Good to Be True?","publishDate":1402581602,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The next time you drop a bottle marketed as biodegradable into your reusable grocery bag, pause. \u003ca href=\"http://cfaes.osu.edu/news/articles/bio-plastics-not-so-good-biodegrading-ohio-state-study\" target=\"_blank\">New research\u003c/a> shows that not all of these plastics are made equal: some don’t actually biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution is a global issue. Long-lasting plastics \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/campaign/recycling-landfills\" target=\"_blank\">cramp landfills\u003c/a>, pile up in city streets, and create toxic problems in rivers, oceans, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/Portals/34/document/newspdfs/n_cdd_leachate_evaluation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">drinking water\u003c/a>. Americans generate over 30 million tons of plastic waste each year, and only 8 percent of that is recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ohio, plastics are the largest component going into the waste stream, according to recycling expert \u003ca href=\"http://epa.ohio.gov/dmwm/home/recycle.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Terrie Termeer with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. \u003c/a>Concerns about this influx throughout the U.S. have given rise to a new kind of “biodegradable” plastic, which Termeer says is gaining in popularity. Companies are actively designing products that degrade quickly and that are sometimes made from plant feedstocks, appealing to consumers who don’t want to leave behind piles of waste or use materials that are “bad” for the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers picked up on the trend, too, some of whom felt it was cause for concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always curious about, you know, do they actually biodegrade?” said \u003ca href=\"http://fabe.osu.edu/our-people/frederick-michel-jr\" target=\"_blank\">Fred Michel\u003c/a>, a waste-management expert and professor at Ohio State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biodegradability, a measure of how well something breaks down in compost, soil, or landfills, is an ambiguous term at best. Everything biodegrades completely over time, but your car might take a few thousand years longer to fall apart than, say, a tissue. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has attempted to clarify the term to prevent misleading advertising, but the definition is complex. According to the FTC, a product is biodegradable if it breaks down in certain environments, like compost bins, within a \"reasonable\" amount of time. But each environment dictates different interpretations of “reasonable.” Ultimately, the FTC notes that no matter where something breaks down, it needs to be completely returned to nature within a one-year timeframe in order to be marketed as “degradable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70919\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 364px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/examples-of-exp.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/examples-of-exp-431x360.jpg\" alt=\"Michel and his team tested materials like coconut hull, asphalt-covered plastic, and additive-boosted polypropylene.\" width=\"364\" height=\"304\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michel and his team tested materials like coconut hull, asphalt-covered plastic, and additive-boosted polypropylene. Photo courtesy of Fred Michel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make a plastic biodegradable, manufacturers have started putting in additives that supposedly allow even the sturdiest plastics to degrade in a backyard compost pile. To Michel, this seemed like an example of \u003ca href=\"http://hbr.org/product/the-drivers-of-greenwashing/an/CMR494-PDF-ENG?N=4294958507&Ntt=+&Nao=1540\" target=\"_blank\">greenwashing\u003c/a>-- a term that refers to misleading marketing tactics that appeal to the Captain Planet in each of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was skeptical about it from the beginning because those materials don’t usually biodegrade,” Michel said. “It’s difficult to imagine a material you could add to them that would magically make them biodegradable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, biodegradable additives work by \u003ca href=\"http://www.goecopure.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\">attracting microbes that in turn attract more microbes\u003c/a>, increasing the rate of degradation. Some manufacturers also claim the additives are organic and nontoxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michel reviewed the research but was unable to find evidence to support manufacturers’ claims, so he ran his own experiment. Michel and his team rounded up all sorts of plastics to test their biodegradability: a motley collection of natural fibers, petroleum-based materials with the biodegradability additives, and plastics that shouldn’t biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391013003066\" target=\"_blank\">results of the research\u003c/a>, published in December 2013, were disconcerting. Traditional plastics with the “biodegradable” additives didn’t break down any more quickly than those without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t surprised,” Michel said, “but it’s just interesting that there are materials in the market like that, that have claims that don’t seem to be justified in our testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC soon caught wind of the results and began investigating ECM BioFilms, an Ohio-based manufacturer that makes a plastic additive analyzed in Michel’s experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ECM investigation, which remains tied up in court, represents the first time the FTC has ever pursued plastic biodegradability claims. Meanwhile, the FTC has also begun a closed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2014/05/ftc-approves-final-order-settling-charges-company-made-misleading\" target=\"_blank\">investigation into plastic bag manufacturer American Plastic Manufacturing, Inc.\u003c/a> for misleading claims, which might set precedent for future interactions with plastic manufacturers. Manufacturers of other materials have been charged \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2013/10/ftc-cracks-down-misleading-unsubstantiated-environmental\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands of dollars in civil penalties\u003c/a> for misleading marketing, but as a first-time offender, \u003ca href=\"http://www.science20.com/advertising_science/blog/plastic_companys_unscientific_biodegradability_claims_barred_by_ftc-135566\" target=\"_blank\">APM was not fined but simply ordered to stop making false claims. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, the marketplace is full of these misleading claims,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.msu.edu/user/narayan/\" target=\"_blank\">Ramani Narayan\u003c/a>, a biochemical engineering professor at Michigan State University and chairman of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astm.org/\" target=\"_blank\">ASTM Subcommittee\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bpiworld.org/BPI-Public\" target=\"_blank\">Biodegradable Products Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helped develop international biodegradability standards. He says it’s often difficult to come across strong research about plastics, but he is pleased with Michel’s paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has given very clear scientific data,” he said. “It’s shown that nothing happens [when these additives are used].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But greenwashing isn’t always deliberate. The language surrounding “bio-friendliness” is so complex that many are just plain confused, said Michel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In addition to there being confusion among consumers about how these materials may be recycled or composted -- or where they end up -- there's also a certain amount of confusion among industries that are trying to become more sustainable and develop more sustainable products, about the end of life of these materials and products, and how they can best address their sustainability goals with these materials,” Michel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have their products tested and certified by the Biodegradability Products Institute. Those confused about particulars can look to the FTC’s \u003cstrong>Green Guides\u003c/strong>, documents that outline what the agency might perceive as deceptive practices. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2012/10/ftc-issues-revised-green-guides\" target=\"_blank\">The FTC revised the guides in 2012\u003c/a> based on input from consumers who wanted to buy “green” products more intelligently, and enhanced its investigations accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70923\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/plastic-graph.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70923\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/plastic-graph-508x360.jpg\" alt=\"The results of the soil experiment. See how poorly the additive-amended materials did?\" width=\"414\" height=\"293\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The results of the soil experiment. See how poorly the additive-amended materials did? Photo courtesy of Fred Michel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Being certified by the Institute isn’t mandated, and the \u003cstrong>Green Guides\u003c/strong> aren’t rules. You can market any product as biodegradable even if it’s not. There is, however, risk of civil lawsuits. If your product seems fishy, the FTC will investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Michel isn’t content to simply police eco-friendly claims. He hopes his team’s work gets consumers to consider whether they know how to use plastics correctly, or what these “green” terms even mean. Words like “bioplastic” and “biodegradable” are often used interchangeably, when in fact each implies a very specific method of creation or disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you know that something is a bioplastic, all you really know is that it is something made from plant feedstocks. On the other hand, if you know that something is biodegradable, you may not know what it’s made from, but you do have insight into what might happen to it in certain environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t have much information about the lifecycles of new biodegradable plastics, and what we do know isn’t widely understood by the public. For instance, not all bioplastics are biodegradable, and leaving one in your compost pile would be a bad move. Worse, if people think biodegradable products can biodegrade anywhere, they might send them to landfills. Biodegradable products usually release carbon dioxide, but if they land in an anaerobic landfill environment, they release methane as they very slowly break down -- a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. The bottom line is that you can’t count on something breaking down in your compost bin just because it’s made of coconut fiber, for example. Plastics don’t break down quickly because of what they’re made of but because of how engineers structure the molecules within them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I were to draw the chemical structure of polyethylene (PET), derived from plants…or derived from petroleum fossils, [they’d be] identical,” said Narayan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to handle this might be to change package labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A way to improve things would be to have some sort of lifecycle information on the container rather than just the word 'biodegradable,'” Michel said. “How much carbon went into making that material? What are the other impacts? And then, what should be done with it to have the least environmental impact?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean that's a lot for a label,” he added, “but those are the things you really need to think about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Deciphering Plastic Labels\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plant-based\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>Bio-based\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>Bioplastic\u003c/strong>: Plastics that are made from one or more plant starches, including feedstocks like corn, coconut, sugarcane, and wood cellulose. Not to be confused with biodegradable. This term describes the content of the material, not how it operates. Many bioplastics biodegrade in a timely way, but not all.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Biodegradable\u003c/strong>: This term does not indicate source material. Rather, it implies that the plastic can be broken down and eaten by microbes in environments like compost piles. All things biodegrade, but some things biodegrade more quickly than others. Biodegradable materials are those that break down in certain environments like compost bins within a reasonable amount of time, as determined by the FTC.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Compostable\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics\" target=\"_blank\">Compostable products\u003c/a> are biodegradable, but even more so. When compostable products biodegrade, they often do so at a quicker pace and leave behind only \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/humus/?ar_a=1\" target=\"_blank\">humus -- the essential component of soil\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Recyclable\u003c/strong>: As with biodegradable and compostable products, recyclable products can come from any number of feedstocks, but the term refers to their end-of-life situation. Recyclable products are those whose materials can be reused, either in a similar form or as part of another product. Plastics are recycled \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationofchange.org/numbers-plastic-bottles-what-do-plastic-recycling-symbols-mean-1360168347\" target=\"_blank\">according to their recycling symbol\u003c/a> -- a number 1 through 7 surrounded by three arrows in the shape of a triangle. These symbols correspond with types and structures of plastic, like vinyl (3) or polypropylene (PP).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information about green vocabulary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0226-shopping-green#recyclable\" target=\"_blank\">visit the FTC\u003cstrong> Green Guides\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Products advertised as “green” aren't always what they appear to be. New research from Ohio State University adds supposedly biodegradable plastics to that list.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442677558,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1680},"headData":{"title":"Biodegradable Plastics: Too Good to Be True? | KQED","description":"Products advertised as “green” aren't always what they appear to be. New research from Ohio State University adds supposedly biodegradable plastics to that list.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Biodegradable Plastics: Too Good to Be True?","datePublished":"2014-06-12T14:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T15:45:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"67557 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67557","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/06/12/biodegradable-plastics-too-good-to-be-true/","disqusTitle":"Biodegradable Plastics: Too Good to Be True?","source":"Chemistry","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/chemistry/","path":"/quest/67557/biodegradable-plastics-too-good-to-be-true","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The next time you drop a bottle marketed as biodegradable into your reusable grocery bag, pause. \u003ca href=\"http://cfaes.osu.edu/news/articles/bio-plastics-not-so-good-biodegrading-ohio-state-study\" target=\"_blank\">New research\u003c/a> shows that not all of these plastics are made equal: some don’t actually biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution is a global issue. Long-lasting plastics \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoec.org/campaign/recycling-landfills\" target=\"_blank\">cramp landfills\u003c/a>, pile up in city streets, and create toxic problems in rivers, oceans, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.ohio.gov/Portals/34/document/newspdfs/n_cdd_leachate_evaluation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">drinking water\u003c/a>. Americans generate over 30 million tons of plastic waste each year, and only 8 percent of that is recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ohio, plastics are the largest component going into the waste stream, according to recycling expert \u003ca href=\"http://epa.ohio.gov/dmwm/home/recycle.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Terrie Termeer with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. \u003c/a>Concerns about this influx throughout the U.S. have given rise to a new kind of “biodegradable” plastic, which Termeer says is gaining in popularity. Companies are actively designing products that degrade quickly and that are sometimes made from plant feedstocks, appealing to consumers who don’t want to leave behind piles of waste or use materials that are “bad” for the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers picked up on the trend, too, some of whom felt it was cause for concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always curious about, you know, do they actually biodegrade?” said \u003ca href=\"http://fabe.osu.edu/our-people/frederick-michel-jr\" target=\"_blank\">Fred Michel\u003c/a>, a waste-management expert and professor at Ohio State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biodegradability, a measure of how well something breaks down in compost, soil, or landfills, is an ambiguous term at best. Everything biodegrades completely over time, but your car might take a few thousand years longer to fall apart than, say, a tissue. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has attempted to clarify the term to prevent misleading advertising, but the definition is complex. According to the FTC, a product is biodegradable if it breaks down in certain environments, like compost bins, within a \"reasonable\" amount of time. But each environment dictates different interpretations of “reasonable.” Ultimately, the FTC notes that no matter where something breaks down, it needs to be completely returned to nature within a one-year timeframe in order to be marketed as “degradable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70919\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 364px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/examples-of-exp.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/examples-of-exp-431x360.jpg\" alt=\"Michel and his team tested materials like coconut hull, asphalt-covered plastic, and additive-boosted polypropylene.\" width=\"364\" height=\"304\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michel and his team tested materials like coconut hull, asphalt-covered plastic, and additive-boosted polypropylene. Photo courtesy of Fred Michel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To make a plastic biodegradable, manufacturers have started putting in additives that supposedly allow even the sturdiest plastics to degrade in a backyard compost pile. To Michel, this seemed like an example of \u003ca href=\"http://hbr.org/product/the-drivers-of-greenwashing/an/CMR494-PDF-ENG?N=4294958507&Ntt=+&Nao=1540\" target=\"_blank\">greenwashing\u003c/a>-- a term that refers to misleading marketing tactics that appeal to the Captain Planet in each of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was skeptical about it from the beginning because those materials don’t usually biodegrade,” Michel said. “It’s difficult to imagine a material you could add to them that would magically make them biodegradable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, biodegradable additives work by \u003ca href=\"http://www.goecopure.com/technology/\" target=\"_blank\">attracting microbes that in turn attract more microbes\u003c/a>, increasing the rate of degradation. Some manufacturers also claim the additives are organic and nontoxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michel reviewed the research but was unable to find evidence to support manufacturers’ claims, so he ran his own experiment. Michel and his team rounded up all sorts of plastics to test their biodegradability: a motley collection of natural fibers, petroleum-based materials with the biodegradability additives, and plastics that shouldn’t biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391013003066\" target=\"_blank\">results of the research\u003c/a>, published in December 2013, were disconcerting. Traditional plastics with the “biodegradable” additives didn’t break down any more quickly than those without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t surprised,” Michel said, “but it’s just interesting that there are materials in the market like that, that have claims that don’t seem to be justified in our testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC soon caught wind of the results and began investigating ECM BioFilms, an Ohio-based manufacturer that makes a plastic additive analyzed in Michel’s experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ECM investigation, which remains tied up in court, represents the first time the FTC has ever pursued plastic biodegradability claims. Meanwhile, the FTC has also begun a closed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2014/05/ftc-approves-final-order-settling-charges-company-made-misleading\" target=\"_blank\">investigation into plastic bag manufacturer American Plastic Manufacturing, Inc.\u003c/a> for misleading claims, which might set precedent for future interactions with plastic manufacturers. Manufacturers of other materials have been charged \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2013/10/ftc-cracks-down-misleading-unsubstantiated-environmental\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands of dollars in civil penalties\u003c/a> for misleading marketing, but as a first-time offender, \u003ca href=\"http://www.science20.com/advertising_science/blog/plastic_companys_unscientific_biodegradability_claims_barred_by_ftc-135566\" target=\"_blank\">APM was not fined but simply ordered to stop making false claims. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, the marketplace is full of these misleading claims,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.msu.edu/user/narayan/\" target=\"_blank\">Ramani Narayan\u003c/a>, a biochemical engineering professor at Michigan State University and chairman of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astm.org/\" target=\"_blank\">ASTM Subcommittee\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bpiworld.org/BPI-Public\" target=\"_blank\">Biodegradable Products Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helped develop international biodegradability standards. He says it’s often difficult to come across strong research about plastics, but he is pleased with Michel’s paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has given very clear scientific data,” he said. “It’s shown that nothing happens [when these additives are used].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But greenwashing isn’t always deliberate. The language surrounding “bio-friendliness” is so complex that many are just plain confused, said Michel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In addition to there being confusion among consumers about how these materials may be recycled or composted -- or where they end up -- there's also a certain amount of confusion among industries that are trying to become more sustainable and develop more sustainable products, about the end of life of these materials and products, and how they can best address their sustainability goals with these materials,” Michel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have their products tested and certified by the Biodegradability Products Institute. Those confused about particulars can look to the FTC’s \u003cstrong>Green Guides\u003c/strong>, documents that outline what the agency might perceive as deceptive practices. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2012/10/ftc-issues-revised-green-guides\" target=\"_blank\">The FTC revised the guides in 2012\u003c/a> based on input from consumers who wanted to buy “green” products more intelligently, and enhanced its investigations accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70923\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 414px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/plastic-graph.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70923\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/plastic-graph-508x360.jpg\" alt=\"The results of the soil experiment. See how poorly the additive-amended materials did?\" width=\"414\" height=\"293\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The results of the soil experiment. See how poorly the additive-amended materials did? Photo courtesy of Fred Michel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Being certified by the Institute isn’t mandated, and the \u003cstrong>Green Guides\u003c/strong> aren’t rules. You can market any product as biodegradable even if it’s not. There is, however, risk of civil lawsuits. If your product seems fishy, the FTC will investigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Michel isn’t content to simply police eco-friendly claims. He hopes his team’s work gets consumers to consider whether they know how to use plastics correctly, or what these “green” terms even mean. Words like “bioplastic” and “biodegradable” are often used interchangeably, when in fact each implies a very specific method of creation or disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you know that something is a bioplastic, all you really know is that it is something made from plant feedstocks. On the other hand, if you know that something is biodegradable, you may not know what it’s made from, but you do have insight into what might happen to it in certain environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t have much information about the lifecycles of new biodegradable plastics, and what we do know isn’t widely understood by the public. For instance, not all bioplastics are biodegradable, and leaving one in your compost pile would be a bad move. Worse, if people think biodegradable products can biodegrade anywhere, they might send them to landfills. Biodegradable products usually release carbon dioxide, but if they land in an anaerobic landfill environment, they release methane as they very slowly break down -- a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. The bottom line is that you can’t count on something breaking down in your compost bin just because it’s made of coconut fiber, for example. Plastics don’t break down quickly because of what they’re made of but because of how engineers structure the molecules within them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I were to draw the chemical structure of polyethylene (PET), derived from plants…or derived from petroleum fossils, [they’d be] identical,” said Narayan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to handle this might be to change package labeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A way to improve things would be to have some sort of lifecycle information on the container rather than just the word 'biodegradable,'” Michel said. “How much carbon went into making that material? What are the other impacts? And then, what should be done with it to have the least environmental impact?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean that's a lot for a label,” he added, “but those are the things you really need to think about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Deciphering Plastic Labels\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plant-based\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>Bio-based\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>Bioplastic\u003c/strong>: Plastics that are made from one or more plant starches, including feedstocks like corn, coconut, sugarcane, and wood cellulose. Not to be confused with biodegradable. This term describes the content of the material, not how it operates. Many bioplastics biodegrade in a timely way, but not all.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Biodegradable\u003c/strong>: This term does not indicate source material. Rather, it implies that the plastic can be broken down and eaten by microbes in environments like compost piles. All things biodegrade, but some things biodegrade more quickly than others. Biodegradable materials are those that break down in certain environments like compost bins within a reasonable amount of time, as determined by the FTC.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Compostable\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics\" target=\"_blank\">Compostable products\u003c/a> are biodegradable, but even more so. When compostable products biodegrade, they often do so at a quicker pace and leave behind only \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/humus/?ar_a=1\" target=\"_blank\">humus -- the essential component of soil\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Recyclable\u003c/strong>: As with biodegradable and compostable products, recyclable products can come from any number of feedstocks, but the term refers to their end-of-life situation. Recyclable products are those whose materials can be reused, either in a similar form or as part of another product. Plastics are recycled \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationofchange.org/numbers-plastic-bottles-what-do-plastic-recycling-symbols-mean-1360168347\" target=\"_blank\">according to their recycling symbol\u003c/a> -- a number 1 through 7 surrounded by three arrows in the shape of a triangle. These symbols correspond with types and structures of plastic, like vinyl (3) or polypropylene (PP).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information about green vocabulary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0226-shopping-green#recyclable\" target=\"_blank\">visit the FTC\u003cstrong> Green Guides\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/67557/biodegradable-plastics-too-good-to-be-true","authors":["64479"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_5","quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_12622","quest_336","quest_12031","quest_12269","quest_12543","quest_2169","quest_2222","quest_10429"],"featImg":"quest_70921","label":"source_quest_67557"},"quest_62076":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_62076","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"62076","score":null,"sort":[1384959614000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"transforming-san-francisco-into-a-model-of-disaster-preparedness","title":"Transforming San Francisco Into a Model of Disaster Preparedness","publishDate":1384959614,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63816\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/20/transforming-san-francisco-into-a-model-of-disaster-preparedness/shawn-clover_edited-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-63816\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-63816\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/Shawn-Clover_edited-1.jpg\" alt=\"A mashup of San Francisco's Pacific Heights neighborhood right after the 1906 earthquake and what the area looks like today. Credit: Shawn Clover\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/Shawn-Clover_edited-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/Shawn-Clover_edited-1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mashup of San Francisco's Pacific Heights neighborhood right after the 1906 earthquake and what the area looks like today.\u003cbr>Credit: Shawn Clover\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mention sleeping in \u003ca href=\"http://sfrecpark.org/destination/golden-gate-park/\">Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>, and most people think of homelessness. But the idea that San Francisco’s most famous park could be used as an emergency shelter for thousands of victims after a major earthquake – as it was after the 1906 earthquake – is again resurfacing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.publicarchitecture.org/\">Public Architecture\u003c/a>, a San Francisco non-profit organization, recently asked three architecture and design firms to devise resiliency plans for the city that could be put in place as soon as next year and explore creative ways San Francisco could respond to natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With everything from urine recycling to art installations that indicate areas at risk for earthquake liquefaction, tsunamis and floods, the firms drew up a variety of innovative strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the plans, from San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmgsite.com/\">CMG Landscape Architecture\u003c/a>, looks to the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1906/18april/index.php\">1906 San Francisco earthquake\u003c/a>. That catastrophe killed at least 3,000 people, destroyed more than 28,000 buildings and left 225,000 people homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’re in earthquake country and it can be the elephant in the room—we know it could happen but we want to ignore it”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After the 7.6 magnitude earthquake hit, many victims flocked to the Presidio—then a military outpost—and to Golden Gate Park for refuge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, tents were constructed, but as winter approached, soldiers from the Army built small houses that provided shelter for more than 16,000 survivors. CMG believes the Park can once again support many thousands of people, if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in earthquake country and it can be the elephant in the room—we know it could happen but we want to ignore it,” said CMG design leader \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmgsite.com/firm/people/scott-cataffa/\">Scott Cataffa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMG proposes new waste treatment facilities, emergency-response infrastructure and energy supplies by lining the Park’s polo fields with dry-composting restrooms and first aid stations. The restrooms would divert treated wastewater onto nearby turf for use as a natural fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An on-site, sand-filter water treatment system also would serve as a 100-foot tall water tower and viewing deck. The observation deck, covered with solar panels and a modern-day windmill, would allow people to survey the surrounding area. Dutch and Murphy Windmills that already exist at the Park would serve as a back-up power source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By integrating large-scale sanitation-systems, water treatment infrastructure and a water tower, the park could support up to 12,000 people, Cataffa estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is already a precedent for Golden Gate Park supporting a large influx of people in the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annual events, like the Outside Lands music festival, draw hundreds of thousands of fans into the park during the summer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, CMG officials believe that public events are ideal opportunities to teach disaster preparedness and encourage a sense of community among attendees. “During Super Storm Sandy, some communities had fewer economic resources but knew each other better and they looked out for each other,” Caffata said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to tap into the sharing economy of Burning Man and back-country camping,” he said, “and see if we could come together and get to know our neighbors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next April 18, on the 108th anniversary of the 1906 earthquake, CMG proposes a “Camp the Park” event. Interested San Franciscans would spend the night in Golden Gate Park to test the city’s ability to mobilize and prepare for disaster response while meeting neighbors and learning about survival techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corporate sponsors would provide the funding while the San Francisco Recreation and Park Department would need to approve the event and any structural upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, not everyone thinks it’s a good idea to herd thousands of people into Golden Gate Park after the next major earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our first choice is to keep people in their homes, not in a city that gets built in Golden Gate Park,\" said Lt. Erica Arteseros, program coordinator for the San Francisco Fire Department’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-fire.org/index.aspx?page=875\">Neighborhood Emergency Response Team\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arteseros' program, formed after the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, allows roughly 2,000 people a year to receive 18 hours of disaster preparedness training from San Francisco firefighters and emergency responders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s not enough space and housing to accommodate everyone leaving their home,” she said. “If your home is safe enough to stay in, that’s the best.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/\">San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association\u003c/a>, a non-profit planning group, has published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/publications/library/article/san-francisco-safe-enough-stay\">“Safe Enough to Stay”\u003c/a> report that details what it would take to make people's homes suitable as shelters after an earthquake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If residents can stay in their homes, the process of rebuilding the city can begin much sooner, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, after a magnitude 7.0 earthquake or greater, many people would be left homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that scenario, the San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://sfdem.org/\">Department of Emergency Management\u003c/a> would work with the Red Cross to set up temporary shelters and use large spaces like the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium to provide longer term housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all San Francisco's current planning, CMG and Public Architecture say they are not evaluating optimal conditions. They anticipate a future that is hard to imagine and even harder to predict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not planning for a best-case scenario,” said Public Architecture CEO John Peterson. “Unfortunately the best case is not realistic.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The next “big one” is never out of mind for San Francisco residents who may have a new place to gather if one landscape architecture firm has its way. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1384975415,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":937},"headData":{"title":"Transforming San Francisco Into a Model of Disaster Preparedness | KQED","description":"The next “big one” is never out of mind for San Francisco residents who may have a new place to gather if one landscape architecture firm has its way. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Transforming San Francisco Into a Model of Disaster Preparedness","datePublished":"2013-11-20T15:00:14.000Z","dateModified":"2013-11-20T19:23:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"62076 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=62076","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/20/transforming-san-francisco-into-a-model-of-disaster-preparedness/","disqusTitle":"Transforming San Francisco Into a Model of Disaster Preparedness","path":"/quest/62076/transforming-san-francisco-into-a-model-of-disaster-preparedness","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63816\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/20/transforming-san-francisco-into-a-model-of-disaster-preparedness/shawn-clover_edited-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-63816\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-63816\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/Shawn-Clover_edited-1.jpg\" alt=\"A mashup of San Francisco's Pacific Heights neighborhood right after the 1906 earthquake and what the area looks like today. Credit: Shawn Clover\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/Shawn-Clover_edited-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/Shawn-Clover_edited-1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mashup of San Francisco's Pacific Heights neighborhood right after the 1906 earthquake and what the area looks like today.\u003cbr>Credit: Shawn Clover\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mention sleeping in \u003ca href=\"http://sfrecpark.org/destination/golden-gate-park/\">Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>, and most people think of homelessness. But the idea that San Francisco’s most famous park could be used as an emergency shelter for thousands of victims after a major earthquake – as it was after the 1906 earthquake – is again resurfacing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.publicarchitecture.org/\">Public Architecture\u003c/a>, a San Francisco non-profit organization, recently asked three architecture and design firms to devise resiliency plans for the city that could be put in place as soon as next year and explore creative ways San Francisco could respond to natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With everything from urine recycling to art installations that indicate areas at risk for earthquake liquefaction, tsunamis and floods, the firms drew up a variety of innovative strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the plans, from San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmgsite.com/\">CMG Landscape Architecture\u003c/a>, looks to the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1906/18april/index.php\">1906 San Francisco earthquake\u003c/a>. That catastrophe killed at least 3,000 people, destroyed more than 28,000 buildings and left 225,000 people homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’re in earthquake country and it can be the elephant in the room—we know it could happen but we want to ignore it”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After the 7.6 magnitude earthquake hit, many victims flocked to the Presidio—then a military outpost—and to Golden Gate Park for refuge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, tents were constructed, but as winter approached, soldiers from the Army built small houses that provided shelter for more than 16,000 survivors. CMG believes the Park can once again support many thousands of people, if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in earthquake country and it can be the elephant in the room—we know it could happen but we want to ignore it,” said CMG design leader \u003ca href=\"http://www.cmgsite.com/firm/people/scott-cataffa/\">Scott Cataffa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMG proposes new waste treatment facilities, emergency-response infrastructure and energy supplies by lining the Park’s polo fields with dry-composting restrooms and first aid stations. The restrooms would divert treated wastewater onto nearby turf for use as a natural fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An on-site, sand-filter water treatment system also would serve as a 100-foot tall water tower and viewing deck. The observation deck, covered with solar panels and a modern-day windmill, would allow people to survey the surrounding area. Dutch and Murphy Windmills that already exist at the Park would serve as a back-up power source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By integrating large-scale sanitation-systems, water treatment infrastructure and a water tower, the park could support up to 12,000 people, Cataffa estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is already a precedent for Golden Gate Park supporting a large influx of people in the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annual events, like the Outside Lands music festival, draw hundreds of thousands of fans into the park during the summer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, CMG officials believe that public events are ideal opportunities to teach disaster preparedness and encourage a sense of community among attendees. “During Super Storm Sandy, some communities had fewer economic resources but knew each other better and they looked out for each other,” Caffata said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to tap into the sharing economy of Burning Man and back-country camping,” he said, “and see if we could come together and get to know our neighbors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next April 18, on the 108th anniversary of the 1906 earthquake, CMG proposes a “Camp the Park” event. Interested San Franciscans would spend the night in Golden Gate Park to test the city’s ability to mobilize and prepare for disaster response while meeting neighbors and learning about survival techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corporate sponsors would provide the funding while the San Francisco Recreation and Park Department would need to approve the event and any structural upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, not everyone thinks it’s a good idea to herd thousands of people into Golden Gate Park after the next major earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our first choice is to keep people in their homes, not in a city that gets built in Golden Gate Park,\" said Lt. Erica Arteseros, program coordinator for the San Francisco Fire Department’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-fire.org/index.aspx?page=875\">Neighborhood Emergency Response Team\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arteseros' program, formed after the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, allows roughly 2,000 people a year to receive 18 hours of disaster preparedness training from San Francisco firefighters and emergency responders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s not enough space and housing to accommodate everyone leaving their home,” she said. “If your home is safe enough to stay in, that’s the best.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/\">San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association\u003c/a>, a non-profit planning group, has published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/publications/library/article/san-francisco-safe-enough-stay\">“Safe Enough to Stay”\u003c/a> report that details what it would take to make people's homes suitable as shelters after an earthquake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If residents can stay in their homes, the process of rebuilding the city can begin much sooner, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, after a magnitude 7.0 earthquake or greater, many people would be left homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that scenario, the San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://sfdem.org/\">Department of Emergency Management\u003c/a> would work with the Red Cross to set up temporary shelters and use large spaces like the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium to provide longer term housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all San Francisco's current planning, CMG and Public Architecture say they are not evaluating optimal conditions. They anticipate a future that is hard to imagine and even harder to predict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not planning for a best-case scenario,” said Public Architecture CEO John Peterson. “Unfortunately the best case is not realistic.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/62076/transforming-san-francisco-into-a-model-of-disaster-preparedness","authors":["5432"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_12431","quest_12427","quest_12031","quest_12428","quest_909","quest_12269","quest_11099","quest_3351","quest_1585","quest_2141","quest_12429","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_12430","quest_2559","quest_12432"],"featImg":"quest_63816","label":"quest"},"quest_50972":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_50972","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"50972","score":null,"sort":[1370354421000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"outsourcing-your-compost-soil-without-the-stink","title":"Outsourcing Your Compost: Soil Without The Stink","publishDate":1370354421,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/scrape4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-55660\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/scrape4-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"scrape4\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday is trash/recycling day at my house. That means whatever is cleaned up in the kitchen after dinner goes right into the garbage and then out to the trash bin at the curb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55664\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/bin3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-55664 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/bin3-338x253.jpg\" alt='\"American families throw out approximately 25 percent of the food and beverages they buy,\" according to the NRDC' width=\"338\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"American families throw out approximately 25 percent of the food and beverages they buy,\" according to the NRDC\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scraps of food from plates, pieces of fat from the meat, the hard part from the head of lettuce, the coffee filter filled with grounds, the “icky looking” piece of carrot the kids didn’t want, etc. It all goes into the trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not like I was throwing away a lot of food scraps. But I’ve got to admit, as I rolled out the trash and recycling bins, I started wondering what else I could do with that food waste. My family already recycles. So do a lot of people in North Carolina. In fact, a new \u003ca title=\"Recycle North Carolina\" href=\"http://portal.ncdenr.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=4649434&folderId=9377383&name=DLFE-65922.pdf\">report \u003c/a>shows nearly 500,000 tons of household recyclables were diverted from North Carolina landfills last fiscal year. That’s about 300 pounds per capita.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my family, and the state, could still do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to food waste, composting is an option. But let’s face it; composting is more complicated than recycling. For home composting to be effective and turn food waste into soil, it needs to be turned and treated. There’s also the smell issue as the food waste decomposes. In addition, some food wastes, such as bones, just won’t break down in small compost piles in the backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently, people around the country have the same questions and companies are cropping up to provide answers—and solutions. From Atlanta to Brooklyn entrepreneurs are pioneering services that make it simpler for people to compost. Fortunately for me, there’s a company based near my home in Raleigh, NC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Bucket3HQ.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-55584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Bucket3HQ-310x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bucket3HQ\" width=\"223\" height=\"182\">\u003c/a>It’s called \u003ca title=\"Compost Now\" href=\"http://compostnow.org\">CompostNow\u003c/a> and it is one of the first full-service, weekly doorstep compost services in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it works: For $25/month, CompostNow picks up its customers' compost once a week and drops off two clean compost bins . For every 100 pounds of compost picked up a customer earns 50 pounds of soil. Customers can track how much soil has been earned on the company’s website. If a customer doesn’t need the soil it can be donated to a local community garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55458\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-55458 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"614\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Images Courtesy CompostNow\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re here to intercept food scraps from going to the landfill where it truly becomes waste, and redirect it to create the rich soil people have a hard time finding,” co-founder Dominique Bischof told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company estimates it has intercepted almost 50,000 pounds of compostable material since it launched about one year ago. That’s led to the creation of 25,000 pounds of Black Gold—or premium, nutrient-rich compost soil for its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CompostNow has about 200 customers throughout North Carolina’s Triangle communities. And it is adding new customers every week. Bischof says the biggest challenge is explaining why composting is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people figure food scraps will decompose in a landfill so why bother to compost,” explained Bischof. “But landfill trash is so tightly compressed, food scraps won’t decompose properly. Without much air and water, food waste turns to methane gas, which is a major problem with green house emissions and global warming. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, methane gas has five times the green house effect of carbon dioxide gas. Bischof adds that even if it the food scraps did decompose, all that nutrient rich soil is trapped in a landfill where it is lost forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDrD2fLwsKE?feature=player_detailpage]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for what can be composted, Natalie Ross, a soil scientist with North Carolina State University has a good rule to follow:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/compst.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-55658\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/compst-309x253.jpg\" alt=\"compst\" width=\"309\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>“If it came from life it can be composted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means food scraps, fruit and vegetable skins, coffee grounds, paper towels, and tissues are all eligible to be dumped into the bins left by CompostNow drivers. An avid composter, Ross can personally vouch for the way compost soil makes her backyard garden grow. She also allays concerns about using soil made from household garbage:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compost soil is moist and crumbly, it doesn’t smell and doesn’t contain any recognizable material, which is something people worry about,” says Ross.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From Door to Spore: a reporter explores a new service that strives to make household composting easier.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1381537871,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":776},"headData":{"title":"Outsourcing Your Compost: Soil Without The Stink | KQED","description":"From Door to Spore: a reporter explores a new service that strives to make household composting easier.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Outsourcing Your Compost: Soil Without The Stink","datePublished":"2013-06-04T14:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2013-10-12T00:31:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"50972 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=50972","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/06/04/outsourcing-your-compost-soil-without-the-stink/","disqusTitle":"Outsourcing Your Compost: Soil Without The Stink","path":"/quest/50972/outsourcing-your-compost-soil-without-the-stink","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/scrape4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-55660\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/scrape4-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"scrape4\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday is trash/recycling day at my house. That means whatever is cleaned up in the kitchen after dinner goes right into the garbage and then out to the trash bin at the curb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55664\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/bin3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-55664 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/bin3-338x253.jpg\" alt='\"American families throw out approximately 25 percent of the food and beverages they buy,\" according to the NRDC' width=\"338\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"American families throw out approximately 25 percent of the food and beverages they buy,\" according to the NRDC\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scraps of food from plates, pieces of fat from the meat, the hard part from the head of lettuce, the coffee filter filled with grounds, the “icky looking” piece of carrot the kids didn’t want, etc. It all goes into the trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not like I was throwing away a lot of food scraps. But I’ve got to admit, as I rolled out the trash and recycling bins, I started wondering what else I could do with that food waste. My family already recycles. So do a lot of people in North Carolina. In fact, a new \u003ca title=\"Recycle North Carolina\" href=\"http://portal.ncdenr.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=4649434&folderId=9377383&name=DLFE-65922.pdf\">report \u003c/a>shows nearly 500,000 tons of household recyclables were diverted from North Carolina landfills last fiscal year. That’s about 300 pounds per capita.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my family, and the state, could still do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to food waste, composting is an option. But let’s face it; composting is more complicated than recycling. For home composting to be effective and turn food waste into soil, it needs to be turned and treated. There’s also the smell issue as the food waste decomposes. In addition, some food wastes, such as bones, just won’t break down in small compost piles in the backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently, people around the country have the same questions and companies are cropping up to provide answers—and solutions. From Atlanta to Brooklyn entrepreneurs are pioneering services that make it simpler for people to compost. Fortunately for me, there’s a company based near my home in Raleigh, NC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Bucket3HQ.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-55584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/Bucket3HQ-310x253.jpg\" alt=\"Bucket3HQ\" width=\"223\" height=\"182\">\u003c/a>It’s called \u003ca title=\"Compost Now\" href=\"http://compostnow.org\">CompostNow\u003c/a> and it is one of the first full-service, weekly doorstep compost services in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it works: For $25/month, CompostNow picks up its customers' compost once a week and drops off two clean compost bins . For every 100 pounds of compost picked up a customer earns 50 pounds of soil. Customers can track how much soil has been earned on the company’s website. If a customer doesn’t need the soil it can be donated to a local community garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_55458\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-55458 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"614\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/CN_HowItWorks-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Images Courtesy CompostNow\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re here to intercept food scraps from going to the landfill where it truly becomes waste, and redirect it to create the rich soil people have a hard time finding,” co-founder Dominique Bischof told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company estimates it has intercepted almost 50,000 pounds of compostable material since it launched about one year ago. That’s led to the creation of 25,000 pounds of Black Gold—or premium, nutrient-rich compost soil for its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CompostNow has about 200 customers throughout North Carolina’s Triangle communities. And it is adding new customers every week. Bischof says the biggest challenge is explaining why composting is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people figure food scraps will decompose in a landfill so why bother to compost,” explained Bischof. “But landfill trash is so tightly compressed, food scraps won’t decompose properly. Without much air and water, food waste turns to methane gas, which is a major problem with green house emissions and global warming. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, methane gas has five times the green house effect of carbon dioxide gas. Bischof adds that even if it the food scraps did decompose, all that nutrient rich soil is trapped in a landfill where it is lost forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/sDrD2fLwsKE?feature=player_detailpage'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/sDrD2fLwsKE?feature=player_detailpage'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for what can be composted, Natalie Ross, a soil scientist with North Carolina State University has a good rule to follow:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/compst.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-55658\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/compst-309x253.jpg\" alt=\"compst\" width=\"309\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>“If it came from life it can be composted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means food scraps, fruit and vegetable skins, coffee grounds, paper towels, and tissues are all eligible to be dumped into the bins left by CompostNow drivers. An avid composter, Ross can personally vouch for the way compost soil makes her backyard garden grow. She also allays concerns about using soil made from household garbage:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compost soil is moist and crumbly, it doesn’t smell and doesn’t contain any recognizable material, which is something people worry about,” says Ross.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/50972/outsourcing-your-compost-soil-without-the-stink","authors":["10457"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_5","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_10041","quest_12031","quest_12032","quest_1122","quest_12034","quest_10298","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3290","quest_12033","quest_2387","quest_13364","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_3103"],"featImg":"quest_55632","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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