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Barry Starr","firstName":"Dr. Barry","lastName":"Starr","slug":"dr-barry-starr","email":"bstarr@thetech.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Dr. Barry Starr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/geneticsboy\">@geneticsboy\u003c/a>) is a Geneticist-in-Residence at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, CA and runs their Stanford at The Tech program. The program is part of an ongoing collaboration between the \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a>. Together these two partners created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=gtwt&galKey=lt\">Genetics: Technology with a Twist\u003c/a> exhibition.\r\n\r\nYou can also see \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/dr-barry-starr/\">additional posts by Barry at KQED Science\u003c/a>, and read his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"geneticsboy","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dr. Barry Starr | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dr-barry-starr"},"gabriela-quiros":{"type":"authors","id":"6186","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6186","found":true},"name":"Gabriela Quirós","firstName":"Gabriela","lastName":"Quirós","slug":"gabriela-quiros","email":"gquiros@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Video Producer and Reporter","bio":"Gabriela Quirós is a \u003cstrong>video producer and the coordinating producer for KQED's web science video series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/deeplook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>. She joined KQED as a TV producer when its science series QUEST started in 2006 and has covered everything from Alzheimer’s to bee die-offs to dark energy.\r\n\r\nShe won a 2022 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award with a team of her Deep Look colleagues. She has won five regional Emmys as a video producer and has shared seven more as the coordinating producer of Deep Look. The episode she produced about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/728086/how-mosquitoes-use-six-needles-to-suck-your-blood\">How Mosquitoes Use Six Needles to Suck Your Blood\u003c/a> won a Webby \"People's Voice\" award. She has also earned awards from the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, the Society of Professional Journalists and the Society of Environmental Journalists.\r\n\r\nHer videos for KQED have also aired on NOVA scienceNOW and the PBS NewsHour, and appeared on NPR.org.\r\n\r\nAs an independent filmmaker, she produced and directed the hour-long documentary \u003ca href=\"http://lpbp.org/beautiful-sin-qa-with-producer-gabriela-quiros/\">\u003cem>Beautiful Sin\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, about the surprising story of how Costa Rica became the only country in the world to outlaw in vitro fertilization. The film aired in 2015 on public television stations throughout the U.S., and in Costa Rica.\r\n\r\nShe started her journalism career as a newspaper reporter in Costa Rica, where she grew up. She won the National Science Journalism Award there for a series of articles about organic agriculture, and developed a life-long interest in health reporting. She moved to the Bay Area in 1996 to study documentary filmmaking at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received master’s degrees in journalism and Latin American studies.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"gabrielaquirosr","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor","ef_view_calendar","ef_view_story_budget"]}],"headData":{"title":"Gabriela Quirós | KQED","description":"Video Producer and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6d82c20152affd1b434c31a904c40809?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/gabriela-quiros"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_44349":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_44349","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"44349","score":null,"sort":[1347993050000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-next-for-nuclear","title":"What's Next for Nuclear?","publishDate":1347993050,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3357,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Despite the accident last year at a nuclear plant in Fukushima, Japan, here in the United States, some policymakers – including President Obama – are pushing to expand nuclear energy as a source of abundant carbon-free electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To meet our growing energy needs and prevent the worst consequences of climate change, we’ll need to increase our supply of nuclear power. It’s that simple,” said Obama in Feb. 2010, during a \u003ca title=\"Video of Obama press conference\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4eyH2haWWU\" target=\"_blank\">press conference at a Maryland nuclear plant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work has started on four new multi-billion dollar reactors in \u003ca title=\"Southern Company\" href=\"http://www.southerncompany.com/nuclearenergy/construction.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Georgia \u003c/a>and South Carolina, the first to begin construction in the United States in more than 30 years. But observers disagree over exactly what this means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, we don’t know if there is a nuclear renaissance,” said Per Peterson, chair of the \u003ca title=\"UC Berkeley Department of Nuclear Engineering\" href=\"http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Nuclear Engineering\u003c/a>. “That will depend on whether these new plants that are under construction now can be built on schedule, on budget, at a reasonable cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, nuclear energy provides \u003ca title=\"U.S. Energy Information Administration\" href=\"http://www.eia.gov/energy_in_brief/nuclear_industry.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">20 percent of U.S. electricity\u003c/a> – far more than all solar, wind and other renewable sources combined. And a recent EPA study shows that in order for the country to reduce its carbon emissions enough to slow down climate change, it will need to boost its nuclear energy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But skeptics argue that the country doesn’t need nuclear energy to meet its goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The notion that nuclear is the only option we have to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions is preposterous,” said \u003ca title=\"Ralph Cavanagh bio\" href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/about/staff/ralph-cavanagh\" target=\"_blank\">Ralph Cavanagh\u003c/a>, co-director of the energy program at the Natural Resources Defense Council, in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cavanagh said that cost and risk have pushed utilities around the country away from nuclear energy and towards other renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has two nuclear plants, the \u003ca title=\"Diablo Canyon Power Plant\" href=\"http://www.pge.com/myhome/edusafety/systemworks/dcpp/\" target=\"_blank\">Diablo Canyon Power Plant\u003c/a>, near San Luis Obispo, and the \u003ca title=\"San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station\" href=\"http://www.sce.com/PowerandEnvironment/PowerGeneration/SanOnofreNuclearGeneratingStation/default.htm?goto=songs\" target=\"_blank\">San Onofre plant\u003c/a>, near San Diego, which has been closed \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/08/san-onofre-cuts-raise-questions-about-nuclear-plants-future.html\" target=\"_blank\">since Jan. 2012\u003c/a>, after problems were found with some of the tubes that carry steam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44378\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Per_Peterson_at_Diablo_Canyon_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44378\" title=\"Per_Peterson_at_Diablo_Canyon_resized\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Per_Peterson_at_Diablo_Canyon_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Per Peterson, member of the Diablo Canyon Power Plant's Independent Safety Committee, in the plant's turbine room. Photo: Gabriela Quirós.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prospects for the development of new nuclear plants in the state stalled long ago. The Rancho Seco nuclear plant, in Sacramento, was closed in 1989 after a public vote. And California still has in place a 1976 moratorium on building any new nuclear plants until the federal government creates a permanent site to dispose of nuclear waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California and the rest of the country, nuclear accidents from the past continue to cast a shadow on the technology. The worst one to date happened with a devastating explosion and fire at the Chernobyl plant in Ukraine in 1986, which released radiation across Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-eight rescue workers died from radiation exposure. Other health effects started to show up a few years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary finding so far is an increased risk of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases in those who were children and adolescents at the time of the accident,” said \u003ca title=\"Dr. Lydia Zablotska\" href=\"http://www.epibiostat.ucsf.edu/epidem/personnel/lzablotska.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Lydia Zablotska\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMM-3VZV6Rs]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Lydia-Zablotska-interview.pdf\">Interview Transcript\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The radiation increased the risk of leukemia among the 600,000 workers who cleaned up after the accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers predict that the Chernobyl accident will cause 4,000 to 6,000 cases of thyroid cancer and 3,000 to 4,000 cases of leukemia. Fourteen deaths from thyroid cancer have been documented so far. And scientists are still following the population for other health effects that might appear later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of nuclear energy say that the risks of an accident should be weighed against the health effects from burning fossil fuels. The American Lung Association estimates 13,000 people die in the United States each year from breathing soot particles from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public health and environmental consequences of using fossil fuels are so enormous that they dwarf even the consequences of nuclear accidents,” said Per Peterson. “That said, we need to be moving towards new nuclear energy technologies that do not have the potential to release radioactive materials into the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per Peterson and his students at UC Berkeley's Department of Nuclear Engineering are working on a new type of nuclear reactor they say would be safer and cheaper than those operating today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s nuclear reactors are cooled by water, which can cause problems if a plant loses power. The explosions at the nuclear plant in Fukushima, Japan, following an earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, were brought on by a chemical reaction between water and the metal that protects the uranium fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44381\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/110321_1f_kokuen1_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44381\" title=\"110321_1f_kokuen1_resized\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/110321_1f_kokuen1_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steam rises from a reactor at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, in March 2011. Photo: TEPCO.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At Fukushima, water reacted with the metal cladding of the fuel to release hydrogen, which ultimately caused explosions,” said Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the water inside a nuclear plant can be problematic in other ways too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water pressure built up inside the containment to very high pressures, causing leakage and requiring venting, which released radioactive materials,” said Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s fueled by coal, natural gas or nuclear reaction, the goal at any power plant is to produce heat and turn water into steam. During a May visit to Pacific Gas and Electric’s Diablo Canyon Power Plant, Peterson stood on a hill above the plant’s two dome-shaped structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Below us are the two reactor containment buildings that contain the nuclear reactors that are producing heat and boiling water,” he said. “The steam is going into that large turbine building behind and turning the turbines that turn generators and make the electricity that is going out over our heads into the center of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44400\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Diablo-Canyon-Power-Plant_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44400\" title=\"Diablo Canyon Power Plant_resized\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Diablo-Canyon-Power-Plant_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Diablo Canyon Power Plant's two nuclear reactors are inside the containment domes. The brown building behind the domes is the turbine room. Photo: Gabriela Quirós.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1980s, Diablo Canyon’s two reactors were the last to go into operation in California. Today, they produce 16 percent of Northern California’s electricity, enough to power about 2 million homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuclear reactions are an efficient way to produce heat. In a nuclear reaction, a particle called a neutron hits the nucleus of a uranium atom. The reaction – known as fission -- breaks the nucleus in two and releases heat, as well as more neutrons that go on to create a chain reaction of nucleus-splitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peterson aims to make nuclear plants safer by cooling the reactor’s core – where the nuclear reaction takes place – with a liquid other than water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fluoride salts that we’re developing as coolants boil at extremely high temperatures – above 1,400 degrees centigrade – which means that under the conditions we operate at, they’re always at low pressure,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To further reduce risk, Peterson proposes storing the fuel inside graphite pebbles, which wouldn’t melt down in an accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44371\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Per_Peterson_and_his_reactor_model_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44371\" title=\"Per_Peterson_and_his_reactor_model_resized\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Per_Peterson_and_his_reactor_model_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Per Peterson, chair of the University of California, Berkeley's Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, examines his model of a pebble-bed reactor. Photo: Gabriela Quirós.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pebbles would also offer another advantage over today’s reactors, said Peterson. In a room at the nuclear engineering department, his students have built a model of the pebble-bed reactor they’re testing. They use colored plastic balls slightly smaller than golf balls in place of the graphite fuel pebbles. And for research purposes, they’ve replaced the fluoride salts with water, which is easier to work with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yellow, green and gray plastic balls move through a narrow plastic tank, mimicking the way in which graphite pebbles full of fuel might one day float through liquid fluoride salts in a real pebble-bed reactor. The moving pebbles would be an improvement over current reactors, which have to be closed down every 18 months to bring in fresh uranium rods, said Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes about 30 days for a pebble to go through the core, before it’s removed, inspected, and possibly reinserted,” he said. “That means you’re continuously replacing the fuel and you don’t need to shut down for refueling outages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peterson’s pebble-bed reactor could be in operation in 20 years, he said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Can nuclear power be produced safely and affordably? A scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, is working to do just that.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457566750,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1446},"headData":{"title":"What's Next for Nuclear? | KQED","description":"Can nuclear power be produced safely and affordably? A scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, is working to do just that.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"44349 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=44349","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/18/whats-next-for-nuclear/","disqusTitle":"What's Next for Nuclear?","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvvhVh8nC2k","path":"/quest/44349/whats-next-for-nuclear","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite the accident last year at a nuclear plant in Fukushima, Japan, here in the United States, some policymakers – including President Obama – are pushing to expand nuclear energy as a source of abundant carbon-free electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To meet our growing energy needs and prevent the worst consequences of climate change, we’ll need to increase our supply of nuclear power. It’s that simple,” said Obama in Feb. 2010, during a \u003ca title=\"Video of Obama press conference\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4eyH2haWWU\" target=\"_blank\">press conference at a Maryland nuclear plant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work has started on four new multi-billion dollar reactors in \u003ca title=\"Southern Company\" href=\"http://www.southerncompany.com/nuclearenergy/construction.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Georgia \u003c/a>and South Carolina, the first to begin construction in the United States in more than 30 years. But observers disagree over exactly what this means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, we don’t know if there is a nuclear renaissance,” said Per Peterson, chair of the \u003ca title=\"UC Berkeley Department of Nuclear Engineering\" href=\"http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Nuclear Engineering\u003c/a>. “That will depend on whether these new plants that are under construction now can be built on schedule, on budget, at a reasonable cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, nuclear energy provides \u003ca title=\"U.S. Energy Information Administration\" href=\"http://www.eia.gov/energy_in_brief/nuclear_industry.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">20 percent of U.S. electricity\u003c/a> – far more than all solar, wind and other renewable sources combined. And a recent EPA study shows that in order for the country to reduce its carbon emissions enough to slow down climate change, it will need to boost its nuclear energy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But skeptics argue that the country doesn’t need nuclear energy to meet its goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The notion that nuclear is the only option we have to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions is preposterous,” said \u003ca title=\"Ralph Cavanagh bio\" href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/about/staff/ralph-cavanagh\" target=\"_blank\">Ralph Cavanagh\u003c/a>, co-director of the energy program at the Natural Resources Defense Council, in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cavanagh said that cost and risk have pushed utilities around the country away from nuclear energy and towards other renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has two nuclear plants, the \u003ca title=\"Diablo Canyon Power Plant\" href=\"http://www.pge.com/myhome/edusafety/systemworks/dcpp/\" target=\"_blank\">Diablo Canyon Power Plant\u003c/a>, near San Luis Obispo, and the \u003ca title=\"San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station\" href=\"http://www.sce.com/PowerandEnvironment/PowerGeneration/SanOnofreNuclearGeneratingStation/default.htm?goto=songs\" target=\"_blank\">San Onofre plant\u003c/a>, near San Diego, which has been closed \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/08/san-onofre-cuts-raise-questions-about-nuclear-plants-future.html\" target=\"_blank\">since Jan. 2012\u003c/a>, after problems were found with some of the tubes that carry steam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44378\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Per_Peterson_at_Diablo_Canyon_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44378\" title=\"Per_Peterson_at_Diablo_Canyon_resized\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Per_Peterson_at_Diablo_Canyon_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Per Peterson, member of the Diablo Canyon Power Plant's Independent Safety Committee, in the plant's turbine room. Photo: Gabriela Quirós.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prospects for the development of new nuclear plants in the state stalled long ago. The Rancho Seco nuclear plant, in Sacramento, was closed in 1989 after a public vote. And California still has in place a 1976 moratorium on building any new nuclear plants until the federal government creates a permanent site to dispose of nuclear waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California and the rest of the country, nuclear accidents from the past continue to cast a shadow on the technology. The worst one to date happened with a devastating explosion and fire at the Chernobyl plant in Ukraine in 1986, which released radiation across Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-eight rescue workers died from radiation exposure. Other health effects started to show up a few years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary finding so far is an increased risk of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases in those who were children and adolescents at the time of the accident,” said \u003ca title=\"Dr. Lydia Zablotska\" href=\"http://www.epibiostat.ucsf.edu/epidem/personnel/lzablotska.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Lydia Zablotska\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/bMM-3VZV6Rs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/bMM-3VZV6Rs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Lydia-Zablotska-interview.pdf\">Interview Transcript\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The radiation increased the risk of leukemia among the 600,000 workers who cleaned up after the accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers predict that the Chernobyl accident will cause 4,000 to 6,000 cases of thyroid cancer and 3,000 to 4,000 cases of leukemia. Fourteen deaths from thyroid cancer have been documented so far. And scientists are still following the population for other health effects that might appear later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of nuclear energy say that the risks of an accident should be weighed against the health effects from burning fossil fuels. The American Lung Association estimates 13,000 people die in the United States each year from breathing soot particles from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public health and environmental consequences of using fossil fuels are so enormous that they dwarf even the consequences of nuclear accidents,” said Per Peterson. “That said, we need to be moving towards new nuclear energy technologies that do not have the potential to release radioactive materials into the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per Peterson and his students at UC Berkeley's Department of Nuclear Engineering are working on a new type of nuclear reactor they say would be safer and cheaper than those operating today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s nuclear reactors are cooled by water, which can cause problems if a plant loses power. The explosions at the nuclear plant in Fukushima, Japan, following an earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, were brought on by a chemical reaction between water and the metal that protects the uranium fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44381\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/110321_1f_kokuen1_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44381\" title=\"110321_1f_kokuen1_resized\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/110321_1f_kokuen1_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steam rises from a reactor at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, in March 2011. Photo: TEPCO.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At Fukushima, water reacted with the metal cladding of the fuel to release hydrogen, which ultimately caused explosions,” said Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the water inside a nuclear plant can be problematic in other ways too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water pressure built up inside the containment to very high pressures, causing leakage and requiring venting, which released radioactive materials,” said Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s fueled by coal, natural gas or nuclear reaction, the goal at any power plant is to produce heat and turn water into steam. During a May visit to Pacific Gas and Electric’s Diablo Canyon Power Plant, Peterson stood on a hill above the plant’s two dome-shaped structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Below us are the two reactor containment buildings that contain the nuclear reactors that are producing heat and boiling water,” he said. “The steam is going into that large turbine building behind and turning the turbines that turn generators and make the electricity that is going out over our heads into the center of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44400\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Diablo-Canyon-Power-Plant_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44400\" title=\"Diablo Canyon Power Plant_resized\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Diablo-Canyon-Power-Plant_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Diablo Canyon Power Plant's two nuclear reactors are inside the containment domes. The brown building behind the domes is the turbine room. Photo: Gabriela Quirós.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1980s, Diablo Canyon’s two reactors were the last to go into operation in California. Today, they produce 16 percent of Northern California’s electricity, enough to power about 2 million homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuclear reactions are an efficient way to produce heat. In a nuclear reaction, a particle called a neutron hits the nucleus of a uranium atom. The reaction – known as fission -- breaks the nucleus in two and releases heat, as well as more neutrons that go on to create a chain reaction of nucleus-splitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peterson aims to make nuclear plants safer by cooling the reactor’s core – where the nuclear reaction takes place – with a liquid other than water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fluoride salts that we’re developing as coolants boil at extremely high temperatures – above 1,400 degrees centigrade – which means that under the conditions we operate at, they’re always at low pressure,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To further reduce risk, Peterson proposes storing the fuel inside graphite pebbles, which wouldn’t melt down in an accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44371\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Per_Peterson_and_his_reactor_model_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-44371\" title=\"Per_Peterson_and_his_reactor_model_resized\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/Per_Peterson_and_his_reactor_model_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Per Peterson, chair of the University of California, Berkeley's Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, examines his model of a pebble-bed reactor. Photo: Gabriela Quirós.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pebbles would also offer another advantage over today’s reactors, said Peterson. In a room at the nuclear engineering department, his students have built a model of the pebble-bed reactor they’re testing. They use colored plastic balls slightly smaller than golf balls in place of the graphite fuel pebbles. And for research purposes, they’ve replaced the fluoride salts with water, which is easier to work with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yellow, green and gray plastic balls move through a narrow plastic tank, mimicking the way in which graphite pebbles full of fuel might one day float through liquid fluoride salts in a real pebble-bed reactor. The moving pebbles would be an improvement over current reactors, which have to be closed down every 18 months to bring in fresh uranium rods, said Peterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes about 30 days for a pebble to go through the core, before it’s removed, inspected, and possibly reinserted,” he said. “That means you’re continuously replacing the fuel and you don’t need to shut down for refueling outages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peterson’s pebble-bed reactor could be in operation in 20 years, he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/44349/whats-next-for-nuclear","authors":["6186"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_16","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_10610","quest_11464","quest_11467","quest_11466","quest_11468","quest_13","quest_2361","quest_2893","quest_11465","quest_3071"],"collections":["quest_3357"],"featImg":"quest_44355","label":"quest_3357"},"quest_29086":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_29086","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"29086","score":null,"sort":[1326123863000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-benefits-of-radioactive-fallout","title":"The Benefits of Radioactive Fallout","publishDate":1326123863,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29087\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/09/the-benefits-of-radioactive-fallout/wolves/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29087\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Wolves.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Wolves\" width=\"640\" height=\"362\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29087\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Wolves.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Wolves-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animals are doing surprisingly well in the radioactive areas around Chernobyl.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine people’s worst fears are realized and the nuclear power plant at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/myhome/edusafety/systemworks/dcpp/\">Diablo Canyon\u003c/a> here in California has a Chernobyl-style meltdown. The effects on people are obvious: high rates of thyroid and other cancers, permanent resettlement elsewhere, increased rates of birth defects and so on. But as the area around Chernobyl is showing, the effects on the environment may be more subtle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the break I watched a Nature special called, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/radioactive-wolves/introduction/7108/\">Radioactive Wolves\u003c/a>\". This is a documentary about wildlife in a radioactive exclusion zone around Chernobyl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the area around Chernobyl is still so contaminated that humans can only go in for limited amounts of time, the wildlife appears to be doing surprisingly well. Birth defects are higher than in surrounding areas but life is thriving. Wolves are doing great, beavers have returned and everything looks hunky dory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemed strange to me. I would think that so much radiation should be having pretty severe effects on these animals. And as noted in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20002049\">in this NIH study\u003c/a>, for certain individuals it definitely is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference is in perspective. For the individual, the area around Chernobyl is terrible. Your kids have a higher rate of being stillborn or having birth defects, you have a much higher rate of developing various cancers, and so on. But for the species as a whole, things aren’t so bad. The higher background radiation appears to hardly be affecting their numbers at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this isn’t to say that the initial fallout wasn’t catastrophic to wildlife. It was. Untold numbers of animals died a terrible death in Chernobyl’s aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the lucky survivors and new immigrants, though, Chernobyl is a different story. It is a chance to live a life without human interference. At least for now it looks like the high background radiation is preferable to man for these animals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important that scientists keep studying this ecosystem though. The DNA of the animals in this area are under constant attack from the radiation. There may come a tipping point where the genetic burden becomes too high and populations start to crash. We’ll have to wait and see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional Reading: \u003ca href=\"http://tv.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/arts/television/radioactive-wolves-on-pbs-review.html\">NY Times Review of Radioactive Wolves\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Wildlife seems to be thriving in the radioactive areas around Chernobyl. For now it looks like if animals had to choose, they'd choose radioactivity over humans.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1326485680,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":390},"headData":{"title":"The Benefits of Radioactive Fallout | KQED","description":"Wildlife seems to be thriving in the radioactive areas around Chernobyl. For now it looks like if animals had to choose, they'd choose radioactivity over humans.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"29086 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=29086","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/09/the-benefits-of-radioactive-fallout/","disqusTitle":"The Benefits of Radioactive Fallout","path":"/quest/29086/the-benefits-of-radioactive-fallout","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29087\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/09/the-benefits-of-radioactive-fallout/wolves/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-29087\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Wolves.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Wolves\" width=\"640\" height=\"362\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29087\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Wolves.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/01/Wolves-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animals are doing surprisingly well in the radioactive areas around Chernobyl.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine people’s worst fears are realized and the nuclear power plant at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/myhome/edusafety/systemworks/dcpp/\">Diablo Canyon\u003c/a> here in California has a Chernobyl-style meltdown. The effects on people are obvious: high rates of thyroid and other cancers, permanent resettlement elsewhere, increased rates of birth defects and so on. But as the area around Chernobyl is showing, the effects on the environment may be more subtle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the break I watched a Nature special called, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/radioactive-wolves/introduction/7108/\">Radioactive Wolves\u003c/a>\". This is a documentary about wildlife in a radioactive exclusion zone around Chernobyl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the area around Chernobyl is still so contaminated that humans can only go in for limited amounts of time, the wildlife appears to be doing surprisingly well. Birth defects are higher than in surrounding areas but life is thriving. Wolves are doing great, beavers have returned and everything looks hunky dory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemed strange to me. I would think that so much radiation should be having pretty severe effects on these animals. And as noted in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20002049\">in this NIH study\u003c/a>, for certain individuals it definitely is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference is in perspective. For the individual, the area around Chernobyl is terrible. Your kids have a higher rate of being stillborn or having birth defects, you have a much higher rate of developing various cancers, and so on. But for the species as a whole, things aren’t so bad. The higher background radiation appears to hardly be affecting their numbers at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this isn’t to say that the initial fallout wasn’t catastrophic to wildlife. It was. Untold numbers of animals died a terrible death in Chernobyl’s aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the lucky survivors and new immigrants, though, Chernobyl is a different story. It is a chance to live a life without human interference. At least for now it looks like the high background radiation is preferable to man for these animals. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important that scientists keep studying this ecosystem though. The DNA of the animals in this area are under constant attack from the radiation. There may come a tipping point where the genetic burden becomes too high and populations start to crash. We’ll have to wait and see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional Reading: \u003ca href=\"http://tv.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/arts/television/radioactive-wolves-on-pbs-review.html\">NY Times Review of Radioactive Wolves\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/29086/the-benefits-of-radioactive-fallout","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10610","quest_848","quest_849","quest_1197","quest_10612","quest_13202","quest_10611","quest_10244","quest_3319"],"featImg":"quest_29087","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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