Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California
Acidic Seas
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She started at KCTS 9 as Outreach Coordinator for the PBS series Bill Nye the Science Guy and has continued to be involved in outreach and education with KCTS over the past 10 years. She has a degree in Geology from the University of Vermont and a keen interest in science education. She also has a wasps’ nest hanging in her living room.","userNicename":"jennifer-morton","type":"guest-author"}],"slug":"ocean-acidification-the-basics","title":"Ocean Acidification: The Basics","publishDate":1393351228,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003c!--[if lt IE 9]>\u003cscript>document.createElement('video');\u003c/script>\u003c![endif]-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"453\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/mp4\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/WHOI-OAvid.m4v?_=1\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/WHOI-OAvid.m4v\">http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/WHOI-OAvid.m4v\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">Animation created by Sarah Cooley, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, showing a computer recreation of surface ocean pH from 1895 to the present and a forecast of ocean pH between now and 2100 under current emission rates. The pH scale is shown on the right.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon dioxide is naturally present in tiny amounts in the atmosphere; however, since humans started burning fossil fuels at the beginning of the industrial age, carbon dioxide levels have increased dramatically. Carbon dioxide is a gas that plants combine with energy from the sun to create food. It is also a greenhouse gas: it traps the heat of the sun and keeps it from reflecting back into space. Today the oceans absorb about 25 percent of the CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> released every year. Initially, scientists focused on the benefits of removing the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere, but in the last decade research has shown that the excess CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> absorbed by the oceans is changing the chemistry -- the pH -- of the seawater in a process called ocean acidification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists use the pH scale to measure the concentration of hydrogen (H) ions in a solution on a scale of 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, numbers smaller than 7 indicate increased acidity, and numbers greater than 7 indicate increased alkalinity. The pH scale is logarithmic, so one pH unit corresponds to a tenfold increase in the concentration of H ions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification takes place when excess CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> from the atmosphere dissolves in the ocean and combines with seawater to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid breaks up into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions -- the increase in hydrogen ions reduces the pH of the seawater, causing it to become more acidic, and interferes with the uptake of calcium carbonate by shelled ocean organisms. Many shelled organisms are affected by a decrease in pH, including oysters, scallops, abalone, and even the smallest plankton that makes up an important part of the ocean food web. When there is less carbonate available, shells become thinner and growth slows down. Organisms have to spend more energy building their shells, which means less energy for growth. Larval stages are especially at risk because they need to grow shells before they start to eat. Shelled organisms provide food for a multitude of other creatures in the ocean, and so their decline has the potential to affect the entire ocean ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the major concerns of ocean acidification is the drastic rate at which it is happening. Scientists have determined the most rapid CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> increase in Earth’s history occurred 55 million years ago, and that change was likely not as rapid as the change we see today. It is uncertain whether marine organisms will be able to adapt to the rapidly changing chemistry in such a short time. As organisms are compromised, the biodiversity of the ocean may decrease, as only certain species will be able to adapt to the changing chemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists studying ocean acidification have concluded that in order to keep the ocean environment sustainable, we need to reduce CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions. Reducing the burning of fossil fuels is necessary for the health of the ocean as well as Earth’s climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Pre-discussion Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you know about the ocean?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Is the ocean valuable to humans?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is a greenhouse gas?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How are greenhouse gases created?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Post-discussion Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How have humans contributed to ocean acidification?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How is ocean acidification affecting organisms in the ocean?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is the rate of ocean acidification alarming to scientists?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What can you do to reduce the effects of ocean acidification?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Extension Activities\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/carbon_cycle.html\">Carbon Cycle Game\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence\u003c/strong> (COSEE). This digital game lets students take on the role of a carbon atom moving through the carbon cycle. Understanding the carbon cycle is essential to understanding the causes and consequences of climate change.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lawrencehallofscience.org/kidsite/portfolio/alien-juice-bar/\">GEMS Alien Juice Bar Game\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/strong>. An engaging game for students in grades 4 through 8 explores the properties of acids and bases using red cabbage juice. The game helps students to understand the pH scale.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3> \u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/seachange\">Sea Change: The Pacific’s Perilous Turn\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Seattle Times. \u003c/strong>A multimedia investigation of ocean acidification with video, images, and text discusses the science and impacts of ocean acidification.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean%2BAcidification\">Ocean Acidification,\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Pacific Marine Environmental Lab, NOAA\u003c/strong>. This content- and media-rich website is by scientists studying ocean acidification. The site contains research, background information, videos, and infographics.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EaLRcVdTbM&feature=channel_video_title\">Ocean Acidification: The Other Carbon Dioxide Problem\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>NOAA\u003c/strong>. This four-minute video explains what ocean acidification is and its potential impact on marine ecosystems.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://virtualurchin.stanford.edu/AcidOcean/AcidOcean.htm\">Our Acidifying Ocean\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Stanford University\u003c/strong>. This interactive slideshow about ocean acidification is directed at a middle-school audience. The slideshow contains text, images, and games.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/60703322\">We Are Aware, Are You?,\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Suquamish Tribe\u003c/strong>. This video was made by four high school students from the Suquamish Tribe in Washington State to highlight the impact of ocean acidification in their community.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.earthfix.info/water/article/coral-reefs-and-shellfish-battle-acidifying-oceans/\">Coral Reefs and Shellfish Battling Acidifying Oceans\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>EarthFix\u003c/strong>. This multimedia presentation about acidifying oceans features two six-minute videos: “Acidifying Waters Corrode Northwest Shellfish” and “Florida’s Coral Reefs Face Altered Oceans.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation: \u003c/strong>Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth’s Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Cause and effect, stability and change\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions, asking questions and defining problems\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"More than half of the CO2 emitted by humans has been absorbed by the ocean. Scientists say this means less CO2 in the air, but it also means a change in ocean chemistry -- ocean acidification. Now what?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442954145,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":980},"headData":{"title":"Ocean Acidification: The Basics | KQED","description":"More than half of the CO2 emitted by humans has been absorbed by the ocean. Scientists say this means less CO2 in the air, but it also means a change in ocean chemistry -- ocean acidification. Now what?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Ocean Acidification: The Basics","datePublished":"2014-02-25T18:00:28.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-22T20:35:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"66950 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=66950","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/25/ocean-acidification-the-basics/","disqusTitle":"Ocean Acidification: The Basics","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/66950/ocean-acidification-the-basics","audioUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/files/2013/10/WHOI-OAvid.m4v","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\">\u003c!--[if lt IE 9]>\u003cscript>document.createElement('video');\u003c/script>\u003c![endif]-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cvideo class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-0-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"453\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\">\u003csource type=\"video/mp4\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/WHOI-OAvid.m4v?_=1\">\u003c/source>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/WHOI-OAvid.m4v\">http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/WHOI-OAvid.m4v\u003c/a>\u003c/video>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">Animation created by Sarah Cooley, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, showing a computer recreation of surface ocean pH from 1895 to the present and a forecast of ocean pH between now and 2100 under current emission rates. The pH scale is shown on the right.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon dioxide is naturally present in tiny amounts in the atmosphere; however, since humans started burning fossil fuels at the beginning of the industrial age, carbon dioxide levels have increased dramatically. Carbon dioxide is a gas that plants combine with energy from the sun to create food. It is also a greenhouse gas: it traps the heat of the sun and keeps it from reflecting back into space. Today the oceans absorb about 25 percent of the CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> released every year. Initially, scientists focused on the benefits of removing the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere, but in the last decade research has shown that the excess CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> absorbed by the oceans is changing the chemistry -- the pH -- of the seawater in a process called ocean acidification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists use the pH scale to measure the concentration of hydrogen (H) ions in a solution on a scale of 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, numbers smaller than 7 indicate increased acidity, and numbers greater than 7 indicate increased alkalinity. The pH scale is logarithmic, so one pH unit corresponds to a tenfold increase in the concentration of H ions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification takes place when excess CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> from the atmosphere dissolves in the ocean and combines with seawater to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid breaks up into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions -- the increase in hydrogen ions reduces the pH of the seawater, causing it to become more acidic, and interferes with the uptake of calcium carbonate by shelled ocean organisms. Many shelled organisms are affected by a decrease in pH, including oysters, scallops, abalone, and even the smallest plankton that makes up an important part of the ocean food web. When there is less carbonate available, shells become thinner and growth slows down. Organisms have to spend more energy building their shells, which means less energy for growth. Larval stages are especially at risk because they need to grow shells before they start to eat. Shelled organisms provide food for a multitude of other creatures in the ocean, and so their decline has the potential to affect the entire ocean ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the major concerns of ocean acidification is the drastic rate at which it is happening. Scientists have determined the most rapid CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> increase in Earth’s history occurred 55 million years ago, and that change was likely not as rapid as the change we see today. It is uncertain whether marine organisms will be able to adapt to the rapidly changing chemistry in such a short time. As organisms are compromised, the biodiversity of the ocean may decrease, as only certain species will be able to adapt to the changing chemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists studying ocean acidification have concluded that in order to keep the ocean environment sustainable, we need to reduce CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions. Reducing the burning of fossil fuels is necessary for the health of the ocean as well as Earth’s climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Pre-discussion Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What do you know about the ocean?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Is the ocean valuable to humans?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What is a greenhouse gas?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How are greenhouse gases created?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Post-discussion Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How have humans contributed to ocean acidification?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How is ocean acidification affecting organisms in the ocean?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Why is the rate of ocean acidification alarming to scientists?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What can you do to reduce the effects of ocean acidification?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Extension Activities\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/carbon_cycle.html\">Carbon Cycle Game\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence\u003c/strong> (COSEE). This digital game lets students take on the role of a carbon atom moving through the carbon cycle. Understanding the carbon cycle is essential to understanding the causes and consequences of climate change.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lawrencehallofscience.org/kidsite/portfolio/alien-juice-bar/\">GEMS Alien Juice Bar Game\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/strong>. An engaging game for students in grades 4 through 8 explores the properties of acids and bases using red cabbage juice. The game helps students to understand the pH scale.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3> \u003cstrong>Links to Learn More\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/seachange\">Sea Change: The Pacific’s Perilous Turn\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Seattle Times. \u003c/strong>A multimedia investigation of ocean acidification with video, images, and text discusses the science and impacts of ocean acidification.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean%2BAcidification\">Ocean Acidification,\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Pacific Marine Environmental Lab, NOAA\u003c/strong>. This content- and media-rich website is by scientists studying ocean acidification. The site contains research, background information, videos, and infographics.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EaLRcVdTbM&feature=channel_video_title\">Ocean Acidification: The Other Carbon Dioxide Problem\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>NOAA\u003c/strong>. This four-minute video explains what ocean acidification is and its potential impact on marine ecosystems.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://virtualurchin.stanford.edu/AcidOcean/AcidOcean.htm\">Our Acidifying Ocean\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>Stanford University\u003c/strong>. This interactive slideshow about ocean acidification is directed at a middle-school audience. The slideshow contains text, images, and games.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://vimeo.com/60703322\">We Are Aware, Are You?,\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Suquamish Tribe\u003c/strong>. This video was made by four high school students from the Suquamish Tribe in Washington State to highlight the impact of ocean acidification in their community.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.earthfix.info/water/article/coral-reefs-and-shellfish-battle-acidifying-oceans/\">Coral Reefs and Shellfish Battling Acidifying Oceans\u003c/a>, \u003cstrong>EarthFix\u003c/strong>. This multimedia presentation about acidifying oceans features two six-minute videos: “Acidifying Waters Corrode Northwest Shellfish” and “Florida’s Coral Reefs Face Altered Oceans.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Next Generation Science Standards\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Performance Expectation: \u003c/strong>Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment. \u003cstrong>MS-ESS3-3\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Disciplinary Core Idea:\u003c/strong> Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. \u003cstrong>ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth’s Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crosscutting Concept:\u003c/strong> Cause and effect, stability and change\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Science and Engineering Practices:\u003c/strong> Constructing explanations and designing solutions, asking questions and defining problems\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/66950/ocean-acidification-the-basics","authors":["69132"],"categories":["quest_1"],"tags":["quest_338","quest_12602","quest_485","quest_11141","quest_12553","quest_621","quest_1134","quest_1271","quest_2035","quest_12146","quest_12603"],"collections":["quest_12656"],"featImg":"quest_67225","label":"source_quest_66950"},"quest_47294":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_47294","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"47294","score":null,"sort":[1353443960000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"shadows-and-spiders-a-secret-cave-in-california","title":"Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California","publishDate":1353443960,"format":"video","headTitle":"Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3296,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Human beings have always been fascinated with caves. These clandestine spaces carved by mysterious forces elicit our natural curiosity, while at the same time the foreboding depth of their darkness creates a very visceral apprehension. Coupled with the baseline fear of earthquakes that many of us in California share, caves are often regarded with suspicion. Ironically, it is the cave that typically has more to fear from encounters with humans, and for that reason White Moon Cave and the CEMEX Redwoods Property are protected, and off limits to the public. We at KQED were fortunate enough to get a rare invitation to explore this natural wonder, and capture it on video for the very first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47297\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-47297\" title=\"BruceCloseFilmCrew-11\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/BruceCloseFilmCrew-11-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The KQED Science team was allowed special acceess to be the first to film in White Moon Cave.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"http://www.openspacetrust.org/\" title=\"POST\">Peninsula Open Space Trust\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sempervirens.org/\">The Sempervirens Fund\u003c/a> joined forces in 2011 to purchase the CEMEX Property near Davenport, CA they had no idea that White Moon Cave even existed. Their intent was to purchase the large tract of land from the Mexican cement company, as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.livinglandscapeinitiative.org/\">Living Landscapes Initiative\u003c/a>, in order to conserve the coast redwood groves that blanket the mountainous terrain. It was only after the purchase that they received a call from members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westerncaves.org/\">Western Cave Conservancy\u003c/a> revealing the cave’s existence, and the need to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I twisted through the narrow entrance to the cave, I felt as if I were moving between two realms of existence. The cave air is cool, laden with moisture; the air inside exudes an earthy perfume, both familiar and strange but pleasant; the enveloping sense of stillness grows into something profound; time seems to move slower, insulated from the light and sound of daily life. One of the most powerful ways to experience this exquisite isolation is to find a corner, sit down, and turn off all of the lights. It takes a few minutes, but soon the darkness and quiet wash over you. Deprived, the senses become magnified. Even the sound of a single drop of water falling onto the sandy cave floor resolves in crisp detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47322\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/6th-Choice_Gordon-Opening-Cave.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/6th-Choice_Gordon-Opening-Cave-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Gordon Clark of The Peninsula Open Space Trust removes rocks that guard the hidden entrance.\" title=\"6th Choice_Gordon Opening Cave\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-47322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gordon Clark of The Peninsula Open Space Trust removes rocks that guard the hidden entrance.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Moving through the cave could be very challenging. The cave floor varied from slippery wet rock to fine dry silt that clung to every piece of clothing. The unforgiving marble walls seemed to reach out to bite at my shoulders and knees, and the ceiling seemed to creep just below where I expected I to be, making my helmet more than a mere precaution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lilburnes.org/Students/Caves/Soution_Caves.htm\">Solution caves\u003c/a> like this one are created when rainwater is absorbed by the soil. Microbes in the soil produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and as the water percolates through the soil it becomes acidified, creating a weak carbonic acid (H2CO3). This slightly acidic water makes its way down to the limestone where the carbonic acid slowly dissolves the calcium carbonate in the marble. The dissolved limestone is said to be “in solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process can take thousands to millions of years. But sadly, malicious or absent-minded humans can reverse it much more quickly. Some cave visitors don’t see the harm in taking ancient cave decorations as personal souvenirs. But when this minor theft is multiplied by hundreds of other visitors, the cave is quickly robbed of its ancient beauty. Others selfishly spray paint or etch their names into the cave walls. “After several thousand people come through, then you see a cave that is really a hulk of its former beauty,” said our guide Bruce Rogers of the Western Cave Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar caves in the Santa Cruz area have been victims of vandalism and overuse. But for those interested in responsible caving, I encourage you to look into The Western Cave Conservancy, a collective of citizens who have surrendered themselves to the draw of the caves, but do so with the appropriate level of scientific inquiry, safety and respect. Interested parties should attend a local ‘grotto’ meeting as they are an excellent resource for those who share their fascination with the subterranean.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The rural foothills along the Santa Cruz County Coast hold an ancient secret. Deep below the redwoods, White Moon Cave extends for nearly a mile -- making it one of the longest caves in California. But few people have ever been in it. Join the KQED Science team as we squeeze through the narrow clandestine entrance, and meet the uncanny cave inhabitants to bring new light to this hidden realm.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457567814,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":700},"headData":{"title":"Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California | KQED","description":"The rural foothills along the Santa Cruz County Coast hold an ancient secret. Deep below the redwoods, White Moon Cave extends for nearly a mile -- making it one of the longest caves in California. But few people have ever been in it. Join the KQED Science team as we squeeze through the narrow clandestine entrance, and meet the uncanny cave inhabitants to bring new light to this hidden realm.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California","datePublished":"2012-11-20T20:39:20.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T23:56:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"47294 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=47294","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/20/shadows-and-spiders-a-secret-cave-in-california/","disqusTitle":"Science on the SPOT: Shadows and Spiders-- A Secret Cave in California","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQHXrLZmU4Y","path":"/quest/47294/shadows-and-spiders-a-secret-cave-in-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Human beings have always been fascinated with caves. These clandestine spaces carved by mysterious forces elicit our natural curiosity, while at the same time the foreboding depth of their darkness creates a very visceral apprehension. Coupled with the baseline fear of earthquakes that many of us in California share, caves are often regarded with suspicion. Ironically, it is the cave that typically has more to fear from encounters with humans, and for that reason White Moon Cave and the CEMEX Redwoods Property are protected, and off limits to the public. We at KQED were fortunate enough to get a rare invitation to explore this natural wonder, and capture it on video for the very first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47297\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 168px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-47297\" title=\"BruceCloseFilmCrew-11\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/BruceCloseFilmCrew-11-168x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"168\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The KQED Science team was allowed special acceess to be the first to film in White Moon Cave.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"http://www.openspacetrust.org/\" title=\"POST\">Peninsula Open Space Trust\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sempervirens.org/\">The Sempervirens Fund\u003c/a> joined forces in 2011 to purchase the CEMEX Property near Davenport, CA they had no idea that White Moon Cave even existed. Their intent was to purchase the large tract of land from the Mexican cement company, as part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.livinglandscapeinitiative.org/\">Living Landscapes Initiative\u003c/a>, in order to conserve the coast redwood groves that blanket the mountainous terrain. It was only after the purchase that they received a call from members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westerncaves.org/\">Western Cave Conservancy\u003c/a> revealing the cave’s existence, and the need to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I twisted through the narrow entrance to the cave, I felt as if I were moving between two realms of existence. The cave air is cool, laden with moisture; the air inside exudes an earthy perfume, both familiar and strange but pleasant; the enveloping sense of stillness grows into something profound; time seems to move slower, insulated from the light and sound of daily life. One of the most powerful ways to experience this exquisite isolation is to find a corner, sit down, and turn off all of the lights. It takes a few minutes, but soon the darkness and quiet wash over you. Deprived, the senses become magnified. Even the sound of a single drop of water falling onto the sandy cave floor resolves in crisp detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47322\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/6th-Choice_Gordon-Opening-Cave.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/6th-Choice_Gordon-Opening-Cave-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Gordon Clark of The Peninsula Open Space Trust removes rocks that guard the hidden entrance.\" title=\"6th Choice_Gordon Opening Cave\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-47322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gordon Clark of The Peninsula Open Space Trust removes rocks that guard the hidden entrance.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Moving through the cave could be very challenging. The cave floor varied from slippery wet rock to fine dry silt that clung to every piece of clothing. The unforgiving marble walls seemed to reach out to bite at my shoulders and knees, and the ceiling seemed to creep just below where I expected I to be, making my helmet more than a mere precaution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lilburnes.org/Students/Caves/Soution_Caves.htm\">Solution caves\u003c/a> like this one are created when rainwater is absorbed by the soil. Microbes in the soil produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and as the water percolates through the soil it becomes acidified, creating a weak carbonic acid (H2CO3). This slightly acidic water makes its way down to the limestone where the carbonic acid slowly dissolves the calcium carbonate in the marble. The dissolved limestone is said to be “in solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process can take thousands to millions of years. But sadly, malicious or absent-minded humans can reverse it much more quickly. Some cave visitors don’t see the harm in taking ancient cave decorations as personal souvenirs. But when this minor theft is multiplied by hundreds of other visitors, the cave is quickly robbed of its ancient beauty. Others selfishly spray paint or etch their names into the cave walls. “After several thousand people come through, then you see a cave that is really a hulk of its former beauty,” said our guide Bruce Rogers of the Western Cave Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar caves in the Santa Cruz area have been victims of vandalism and overuse. But for those interested in responsible caving, I encourage you to look into The Western Cave Conservancy, a collective of citizens who have surrendered themselves to the draw of the caves, but do so with the appropriate level of scientific inquiry, safety and respect. Interested parties should attend a local ‘grotto’ meeting as they are an excellent resource for those who share their fascination with the subterranean.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/47294/shadows-and-spiders-a-secret-cave-in-california","authors":["6219"],"series":["quest_3296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_427","quest_439","quest_11141","quest_11611","quest_11619","quest_10405","quest_11614","quest_11615","quest_10153","quest_13","quest_11612","quest_11618","quest_2756","quest_11616","quest_11617","quest_11621","quest_11620","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_47301","label":"quest_3296"},"quest_20408":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_20408","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"20408","score":null,"sort":[1218234600000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"acidic-seas","title":"Acidic Seas","publishDate":1218234600,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>[jwvideo id=\"radio2-43_ocean_acid\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melting glaciers, rising temperatures and droughts - all are impacts of global warming. What receives much less attention is the toll that climate change is taking on the health of our oceans. The sea, it turns out, absorbs carbon dioxide emissions, which are causing it to become more acidic. Changing pH levels threaten the entire marine food chain from coral reefs to salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Melting glaciers, rising temperatures and droughts - all are impacts of global warming. What receives much less attention is the toll that climate change is taking on the health of our oceans. The sea, it turns out, absorbs carbon dioxide emissions, which are causing it to become more acidic. Changing pH levels threaten the entire marine food chain from coral reefs to salmon.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366749961,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":68},"headData":{"title":"Acidic Seas | KQED","description":"Melting glaciers, rising temperatures and droughts - all are impacts of global warming. What receives much less attention is the toll that climate change is taking on the health of our oceans. The sea, it turns out, absorbs carbon dioxide emissions, which are causing it to become more acidic. 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